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The Impact of Naturalistic and Legal Positivist Doctrines on the Implementation of International Human Rights Treaty Law

The Case of Reservations to Human Rights Treaties
Authors:
Publisher:
 2017

Summary

The concept of human rights has developed during the last 60 years mainly through multilateral treaties as a positivist branch of public international law. However, key positivist doctrines such as pacta sunt servanda or state sovereignty pose significant obstacles to the effective realization of a modern human rights regime. The universal, inherent and inalienable nature of fundamental human rights, deriving from their natural law origins, are often set aside by such doctrines and annulled. Through close examination of reservations to human rights treaties, this study sheds new light on the deep interplay of naturalistic and legal positivist doctrines on the progress and implementation of human rights law (CEDAW, HR Committee, ILC). It is argued that the positions of apex human rights bodies regarding reservations reveal that establishing a human rights concept within a legal positivist environment, without a systematic methodological foundation, endangers its basic sustainability.

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2017
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-3475-7
ISBN-Online
978-3-8452-7842-1
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
Nomos Universitätsschriften - Recht
Volume
899
Language
English
Pages
387
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access 1 - 16
  2. A. Foreword No access 17 - 23
      1. 1. Origins and historical milestones in the perception of modern human rights No access
        1. a) Human rights from a value to a legal concept No access
          1. aa) Definition No access
          2. bb) Implementation, compliance and enforcement No access
        3. c) Human dignity No access
      3. 3. Evolving nature of the human rights concept No access
      1. 1. The State No access
      2. 2. International Organizations No access
      3. 3. Civil society - non-governmental organizations No access
      4. 4. International Tribunals No access
      5. 5. The Individual No access
      1. 1. Religion No access
      2. 2. Culture No access
      3. 3. Political systems No access
      4. 4. Globalization No access
      1. 1. Introduction No access
        1. a) Fundamental principles of ‘traditional’ and ‘contemporary’ character No access
        2. b) Ambiguity in the origins and nature of the principles No access
        3. c) Legal character/effect/role of principles No access
          1. aa) The principle of respect for human rights in the UN Charter No access
          2. bb) The legal nature of the UN Charter and its legal effect on the principle No access
          1. aa) Introduction No access
          2. bb) Legal and Practical Significance No access
        3. c) International Human Rights Instruments No access
        4. d) Customary Law No access
      2. 2. The content and legal effects of the principle of respect for human rights: naturalistic and positivist legal interactions No access
      1. 1. Introduction No access
        1. a) The United Nations Human Rights System No access
        2. b) Regional Systems No access
        3. c) Remarks No access
        1. a) Introduction No access
        2. b) Special Nature of Human Rights Treaties No access
        1. a) Monitoring mechanisms No access
        2. b) Human Rights Courts No access
      1. 1. Introduction No access
        1. a) Natural Law Theory No access
        2. b) Legal Positivism No access
        3. c) Naturalism, Positivism and Public International Law No access
      1. 1. Introduction and Justification No access
        1. a) The natural rights concept No access
        2. b) Origins of Rights: Interactions of legal positivism and natural law theorizing No access
      3. 3. Natural Law Theory, Individualism and the Modern Human Rights Doctrine No access
        1. a) Points of critique No access
        2. b) The Limits of Systems No access
    1. I. Introduction and Justification No access
      1. 1. Introduction No access
      2. 2. Definition No access
        1. a) Theoretical Background No access
        2. b) The Genocide Case No access
        3. c) The Regime of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties No access
        1. a) Universalism No access
        2. b) Political realism No access
        3. c) Cultural relativism No access
        4. d) Concluding Observations No access
        1. a) The Suitability of the Vienna Convention - Need for Regulation No access
          1. aa) Competence No access
          2. bb) Admissibility and Legal Effects of Inadmissible Reservations No access
        3. c) The principle of state sovereignty No access
        1. a) The ‘object and purpose’ of the treaty in the interests of ‘universality’ No access
        2. b) Discourse on universality in the light of cultural relativism and sovereignty No access
        1. a) Towards the General Comment No 24 - The Case of the United States No access
        2. b) The General Comment No. 24 No access
          1. aa) Direct Reactions No access
          2. bb) The Effects of the General Comment on the Praxis of the USA Periodical Reports No access
        1. a) On the questions of a special regime for reservations to human rights treaties and of the role of monitoring bodies No access
        2. b) The ILC’s ‘Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties’, in the light of the debates on reservations to human rights treaties No access
        3. c) Concluding Remarks No access
  7. F. Concluding Thoughts No access 348 - 352
  8. Literature No access 353 - 372
  9. International Agreements No access 373 - 376
  10. Sources No access 377 - 387

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