Regulatory Challenges of Ship-Source Pollution

Dr. Nina Tavakkoli

doi:10.5771/9783748960706

Summary

The EU has been an advocate for stricter regulations on ship-source pollution, adopting its own legislation, where international efforts have been deemed insufficient. This book explores the implications of the single largest regional organisation regulating a field as inherently global as international shipping, while diverging from internationally agreed standards. Three case studies that blend academic analysis and practical insights show that EU legislation on ship-source pollution challenges the boundaries of international law. Avoiding to address their compatibility and possible conflicts with international law adequately reflects on the EU’s credibility as a global player and the legitimacy of its rule-making.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2025
ISBN-Print: 978-3-7560-3294-5
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-6070-6
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Studies in International Law of the Sea and Maritime Law - Internationales Seerecht und Seehandelsrecht
Volume: 20
Language: English
Pages: 274
Product type: Book Titles

1. Acknowledgments No access
2. List of Abbreviations No access
1. 1. 1. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) No access
  2. 2. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) No access
  3. 1. a. The Flag State No access
    2. b. The Port State No access
    3. c. The Coastal State No access
  4. 4. Private Actors in International Shipping No access
2. II. The EU as a Regulator of Ship-Source Pollution No access
1. I. Disposing of End-of-Life Ships No access
2. 1. 1. The Basel Convention and the Element of Intent No access
  2. 2. The EU Waste Shipment Regulation and the ‘Implementation Gap’ No access
3. III. The Hong Kong Convention—A Treaty to Address End-of-Life Ships No access
4. 1. 1. Reconciling the EU Ship Recycling Regulation and the Basel Convention No access
  2. 2. The EU Ship Recycling Regulation No access
5. 1. 1. The General Notion of a Global Ship Recycling Fund No access
  2. 2. Introducing the Concept of EU Responsibility No access
  3. 1. a. The EU’s Jurisdiction as a Coastal and Port State No access
    2. b. Possible Conflicts with WTO law and the Principle of Non-Discrimination No access
  4. 4. The Amount of a Levy and the Discriminatory Disbursement of Funds No access
  5. 1. a. The Levy is Really a Tax—The Alternative of a Ship Recycling Licence No access
    2. b. Internal Charges and Freedom of Transit—Articles III and V GATT No access
    3. c. Principles of Non-Discrimination in GATT and GATS No access
    4. 1. aa. Conserving Exhaustible Natural Resources No access
      2. bb. Securing Compliance with Laws or Regulations No access
      3. cc. Protecting Life or Health and Public Morals No access
      4. dd. Arbitrary and Unjustifiable Discrimination No access
6. VI. Conclusion No access
1. I. International Shipping’s Contribution to Global CO2 Emissions No access
2. II. Addressing Shipping’s CO2 Emissions within UNFCCC No access
3. 1. 1. The Struggle for a Market-Based Measure No access
  2. 2. Adopting the Data Collection System for Fuel Oil Consumption of Ships No access
  3. 3. The IMO’s GHG Reduction Strategies—An IMO Paris Agreement? No access
  4. 4. Mobilising Technical and Operational Measures to Reach Reduction Goals No access
  5. 5. Common but Differentiated Responsibilities as the Roadblock to Progress No access
4. 1. 1. Paving the Way for a Market-Based Measure No access
  2. 2. Public Access to Individual Ships’ Data—‘Name-and-Shame’ No access
  3. 3. Verification of Data through Independent Verifiers No access
  4. 1. a. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in International Law No access
    2. b. What is Extraterritorial and What is Not No access
    3. c. The Notion of a Jurisdictional Link No access
    4. d. The Prerogative of the Port State and ‘Territorialising’ Extraterritorial Conduct No access
    5. e. The EU’s Relationship with the Effects Doctrine No access
    6. f. Climate Change as a Common Concern of Humankind No access
  5. 5. Brief Considerations of WTO Law No access
5. V. Conclusion No access
1. I. The Effects of Shipping’s Sulphur Oxide Emissions No access
2. 1. 1. a. Drafting the Text of a New Annex VI No access
    2. b. The Coming into Effect of Annex VI No access
  2. 2. Revising MARPOL Annex VI No access
3. 1. 1. Directive 1999/32/EC—Leaving Ship Fuels Aside No access
  2. 2. Amending Directive 2005/33/EC—The EU’s First Sulphur Limits No access
  3. 3. Amending Directive 2012/33/EU—Aligning with MARPOL Regulations No access
4. 1. 1. a. The Sulphur Limit for Transit in EU Ports No access
    2. b. Regulating Passenger Ships Operating on Regular Services No access
    3. c. Pre-empting the MARPOL Annex VI North Sea SECA No access
  2. 1. a. The Right of MARPOL Parties to Adopt More Stringent Measures No access
    2. 1. aa. The ECJ Decisions Intertanko, Manzi and Bosphorus Queen No access
      2. bb. Intertanko—A Missed Opportunity No access
5. V. EU Member States’ Conflicting Treaty Obligations and Art 351 (1) TFEU No access
6. VI. Conclusion No access
E. Final Conclusions No access Pages 231 - 238
Bibliography No access Pages 239 - 274