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Plastic Pollution of the World’s Oceans as a Legal Problem

Does the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entail Obligations to Clean-Up existing Plastic Pollution?
Authors:
Publisher:
 2024

Summary

The focus is on a possible state obligation to clean up existing plastic pollution of the marine environment. In particular, it is questioned whether protecting the marine environment by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea not only obliges states to take preventive measures but also whether there is an obligation to reverse existing damage to the marine environment. Alternatively, such a restitution obligation is derived from the general rules on state responsibility. For this to be the case, states would first have to have failed to comply with their due diligence obligation to prevent significant environmental damage, and the legal consequences of restitution would not have to be disproportionate.

Keywords

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2024
ISBN-Print
978-3-7560-1723-2
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-4452-2
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
Studies in International Law of the Sea and Maritime Law - Internationales Seerecht und Seehandelsrecht
Volume
15
Language
English
Pages
226
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access 1 - 12
  2. Introduction No access 13 - 18
    1. A. Plastics No access
    2. B. Definition of plastic pollution No access
      1. I. Land-based marine plastic pollution No access
      2. II. Sea-based marine plastic pollution No access
      3. III. Difficulties determining exact sources No access
      1. I. Effects of marine plastic pollution No access
        1. 1. The different maritime zones under UNCLOS No access
        2. 2. Distribution No access
      1. I. The inadequacy of the regulatory framework and policy focusing on prevention No access
      2. II. The long durability of plastic No access
    6. F. Preliminary Conclusion No access
      1. I. Introduction to Part XII No access
      2. II. UNCLOS as a living instrument No access
      1. I. The concept of restoration in International Environmental Law No access
      2. II. Definition of restoration approaches No access
      3. III. Remediation efforts No access
        1. 1. Textual approach No access
          1. a. Subsequent agreements No access
          2. b. Subsequent practice No access
          3. c. Systemic integration No access
          4. d. Evolutive or dynamic interpretation No access
        3. 3. Object and purpose No access
      2. II. The rules on interpretation according to Art. 32 VCLT No access
        1. 1. Art. 194 and Art. 207 UNCLOS No access
        2. 2. Preliminary Conclusion No access
        1. 1. Art. 199 UNCLOS Contingency plans against pollution No access
        2. 2. Art. 197, 200 UNCLOS The duty to cooperate No access
        3. 3. Preliminary Conclusion No access
        1. 1. Art. 192 UNCLOS The general obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment No access
        2. 2. Art. 194 V UNCLOS The obligation to protect and preserve rare or fragile ecosystems No access
          1. a. The South China Sea Award as a reference for an expansive interpretation of UNCLOS No access
          2. b. Systemic and dynamic interpretation of UNCLOS No access
          3. c. A positive obligation to clean-up through ecosystem restoration No access
      1. I. The formal amendment procedure provided by UNCLOS No access
      2. II. Modification of UNCLOS through subsequent means No access
      3. III. Modification through Soft Law No access
        1. 1. Notification, consultation and Environmental Impact Assessment No access
        2. 2. Precautionary approach No access
        3. 3. Common but differentiated responsibilities No access
      2. II. Informing the content through Soft Law No access
      3. III. The applicability of active marine restoration to the problem of marine plastic pollution – practical thoughts No access
    7. G. Preliminary Conclusion No access
    1. A. Applicable law lex specialis v. lex generalis No access
    2. B. Responsibility and liability – working definitions No access
      1. I. Attribution to the State No access
      2. II. Breach of an international obligation No access
      3. III. Legal consequences No access
      1. I. Attribution to the State No access
        1. 1. The need for environmental damage? No access
        2. 2. Due diligence No access
        3. 3. Shared responsibility No access
        4. 4. Common but differentiated responsibilities No access
        1. 1. Environmental harm No access
        2. 2. The problem of causality – Overdetermination No access
        3. 3. Article 35 ARSIWA Restitution No access
      4. IV. Invocation of responsibility No access
    5. E. State liability for hazardous activities No access
    6. F. Polluter Pays Principle No access
    7. G. Preliminary Conclusion No access
  6. Conclusion No access 205 - 208
    1. Literature No access
    2. Reports No access
    3. Jurisprudence No access
    4. Documents No access
    5. Treaties No access

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