Monographie Open Access Vollzugriff
Interstate Assistance to the Use of Force
- Autor:innen:
- Verlag:
- 16.11.2023
Zusammenfassung
Unterstützung ist eine entscheidende Komponente zwischenstaatlicher Gewaltanwendung. Das Buch konturiert die völkerrechtliche Regulierung zwischenstaatlicher Unterstützungsleistungen zu internationaler Gewaltanwendung. Es zeichnet die einschlägige Praxis der Staaten in Resolutionen der Vereinten Nationen, in zwischenstaatlichen Verträgen und in mehr als 25 kriegerischen Konflikten – vom Korea-Krieg bis zum aktuellen Ukraine-Krieg – nach, ordnet sie historisch in die Entwicklung des Friedenssicherungsrechts ein, und setzt sie ins Verhältnis mit allgemeinen völkerrechtlichen Regelungen zur Beihilfe. Zugleich beleuchtet das Buch Unschärfen der bestehenden Regulierung und schafft so die Grundlagen für mehr Transparenz und expliziten Diskurs.
Schlagworte
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Bibliographische Angaben
- Erscheinungsjahr
- 2023
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 16.11.2023
- ISBN-Print
- 978-3-7560-0648-9
- ISBN-Online
- 978-3-7489-3982-5
- Verlag
- Nomos, Baden-Baden
- Reihe
- Kölner Schriften zum Friedenssicherungsrecht - Cologne Studies on International Peace and Security Law - Études colonaises sur le droit de la paix et de la sécurité internationale
- Band
- 23
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Seiten
- 884
- Produkttyp
- Monographie
Inhaltsverzeichnis
KapitelSeiten
- Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisSeiten 1 - 28 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- I. The importance and relevance to assess interstate assistance to a use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1) Action and inaction capable of contributing Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2) ‘Inter-State’ assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 3) Assistance ‘short of armed force’ Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4) Assistance to ‘another State’s use of force’ Download Kapitel (PDF)
- B. The normative focus: universal prohibition(s) to contribute to a use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- III. The outline of the book Download Kapitel (PDF)
- I. Assistance and the ius ad bellum Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) The ideal concept of a collective security system Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) The role of non-assistance in a collective security system Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) Families of collective security systems Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2) Assistance under the Covenant of the League of Nations Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1) (Bilateral) treaties of non-aggression and assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2) The Kellogg-Briand Pact and assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- III. Assistance in a time of transition Download Kapitel (PDF)
- I. The ius contra bellum under the UN Charter and interstate assistance: an overview Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. Sanctions as non-assistance obligations? The scope and content of sanctions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- B. The precondition for sanctions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- C. Non-automatic sanctions: the role of the Security Council Download Kapitel (PDF)
- D. UN sanctions as the exclusive regime governing assistance? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. The trigger: A general prohibition of interstate assistance? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- B. The scope: A prohibition of assistance to conduct obstructing UN action Download Kapitel (PDF)
- C. Is Article 2(5) alt 2 UN Charter exclusive? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- D. Article 2(5) UN Charter as embodiment of a general idea Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. Is assistance permissible only to a use of force through the United Nations? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- B. Is assistance permissible in collective self-defense only? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- C. Some observations Download Kapitel (PDF)
- V. Obligatory solidarity under the UN Charter? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1) Dogmatic distinction between assisting and assisted conduct Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2) The contribution of assistance to a use of force as ‘force’? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 3) The risk created by assistance as ‘force’? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4) Terminological clarification Download Kapitel (PDF)
- B. A prohibition of assistance as necessary and logical complement to the agreement to refrain from a use force itself? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) ‘Indirect use’ – ‘use’ through interstate assistance? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) Proposals to define ‘indirect use of force’ Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) An actual conduct that meets the threshold of use or threat of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) The necessary degree of involvement Download Kapitel (PDF)
- D. Assistance as a ‘threat’ of force? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1) Can assistance bear on internal affairs of another State? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Assistance as direct intervention Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) Assistance as indirect intervention Download Kapitel (PDF)
- B. Assistance and the prohibition to infringe upon territorial sovereignty Download Kapitel (PDF)
- VIII. An unwritten prohibition of participation in a use of force? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- IX. The UN Charter – Not comprehensive, but guidance for international practice Download Kapitel (PDF)
- I. Methodological approach Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) The nature of the Draft Declaration Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) The Draft Declaration – an overview Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) ‘Intervention’ and assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Article 19 Panama Draft Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Discussions within the ILC Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (3) The status of Article 10 of the Draft Declaration Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (4) The scope of the prohibitions in Article 10 of the Draft Declaration Download Kapitel (PDF)
- e) The relevance of the Draft Declaration for assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Assistance in the framework of discussions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) Assistance and the negotiations Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) Application to States? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) Structural elements of the prohibition of indirect use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Assistance as ‘force’ Download Kapitel (PDF)
- d) Assistance and intervention Download Kapitel (PDF)
- e) Assistance as a threat of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Nature and purpose of the Definition Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) The Definition of Aggression and assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Debates when drafting the UN Charter Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) The UNGA debates in the First Committee Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) The report of the special rapporteur Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) The debate within the ILC Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (c) States’ reactions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (4) The UN Secretary General report 1952 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) The 1953 Committee Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) The 1956 Committee Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (c) The 1957 Committee Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (d) Some observations Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) 1967-1969 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) 1969-1970 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (c) 1971 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (d) 1972 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (i) Some observations Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (ii) States’ observations Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (i) The degree of involvement Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (ii) ‘Its territory’ Download Kapitel (PDF)
- e) The concept: Assistance as aggression Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) A controversial and conservative resolution Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) A relevant resolution – particularly for non-assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) Assistance in the proposals Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) No broad understanding of ‘force’ Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) An assisted act that involves the threat or use of force as precondition Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (i) A prohibition of perpetration… Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (ii) … applicable in the interstate context… Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (iii) … but applied to non-State actors only Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (d) Conclusion Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) Uncontroversial… Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) … and not new… Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (c) … but still welcome Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (d) The substantiation of the prohibition Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (e) The relationship with other rules Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (f) A prohibition of participation Download Kapitel (PDF)
- e) Nothing new, but more clarity Download Kapitel (PDF)
- f) A duty to provide assistance to the victim? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) The evolution of Article 16 ARS as proof of a pre-existing special rule governing assistance in the ius contra bellum Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) Article 16 ARS applied to the use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) The Tripartite Declaration Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) USA Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) Germany Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Assistance as prohibited ‘use of force’ or ‘aggression’ Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) A separate prohibition: non-assistance to a use of force or aggression Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) Treaties’ indication for the general framework of assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Treaties of solidarity Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) Treaties of general military cooperation and security assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) Treaties establishing military bases Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Transit through water Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Overflight Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (3) Territorial passage Download Kapitel (PDF)
- e) Preliminary observations Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 3) The Arms Trade Treaty Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Assistance to South Korea and the US-led military operation Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) (Non-)Assistance to North Korea Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2) The Suez crisis 1956 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 3) American and British intervention in Lebanon and Jordan 1958 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4) The U2 incident 1960 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5) Stanleyville 1964 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 6) US operations in Cambodia against North Vietnam 1970 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 7) The rescue operation in Entebbe 1976 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 8) The Osirak incident 1981 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 9) The Falklands/Malvinas conflict 1982 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 10) The Iraq-Iran conflict 1980-1988 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 11) Operation El Dorado Canyon in Libya 1986 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 12) The Chadian-Libyan conflict 1987 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Iraq Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) Assisting States Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 14) US strikes in Afghanistan 1998 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) The role of assistance in Iraq: the US ‘coalition’ narrative Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) States engaged in combat Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) States deploying troops to assist Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (3) States refraining from assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) Declarations of non-assistance… Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) … not implemented in practice? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (c) A special case: Kuwait Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (5) States providing assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (6) Political assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Assistance in the preparation stage Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Humanitarian assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (3) Assistance to reconstruction – assistance to occupation? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (4) NATO involvement: assistance to Turkey and Poland, but not more Download Kapitel (PDF)
- d) Protest against assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- e) Assistance to Iraq Download Kapitel (PDF)
- f) Some general observations Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 16) The Georgian-Russian war 2008 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 17) The Abu Kamal raid 2008 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) States engaged in combat and providing assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) States providing assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) Non-Supporting States Download Kapitel (PDF)
- d) Conclusion Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) The Coalition using force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) United States Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) United Kingdom Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (c) African States Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (d) States licensing arms export Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) Attacks directed against Saudi-Arabia Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Assistance to airstrikes in Iraq in the realm of the ‘Global Coalition’ Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) Australia Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) Regional (Arab) States Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (c) Canada Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (d) United Kingdom Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (e) France Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (f) Netherlands Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (g) Turkey Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (h) Denmark Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) Iraq Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) Germany Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (c) Italy Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (d) Poland Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (e) Spain Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (f) Greece Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (g) Sweden Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (h) European States “unburdening France” Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (i) Singapore Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (j) Coalition States without making contributions: the example of Panama Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (3) Protest against Assistance? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) Assisting assistance to Syrian opposition forces Download Kapitel (PDF)
- d) Assistance to Russia for its operations in Syria Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 21) Fighting ISIS in Libya 2015 and 2016 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 22) Strikes in reaction to use of chemical weapons 2017 and 2018 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 23) The Soleimani incident 2020 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Belarus Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Syria Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (3) China Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (4) Iran Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (5) Western (non)-sanctions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Western States’ military assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Reactions to Western assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 25) Israeli airstrikes in Syria against Iran Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Germany Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) USA Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) The Arab League Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) United Kingdom’s contributions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) Djibouti and Camp Lemonnier and Chabelley Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) The Netherlands and intelligence Download Kapitel (PDF)
- d) Italy and the base in Sigonella Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) German government’s position Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) German courts Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1) The Corfu Channel Case Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Factual assumptions of the Court Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) Overview of the Court’s legal framework on assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Direct use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) The Court’s conceptualization of indirect use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) Necessary involvement for indirect ‘use’ Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (c) Consequences – self-defense against assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (3) Assistance as a threat of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- d) Assistance and the principle of non-intervention Download Kapitel (PDF)
- e) Assistance, sovereignty and territorial inviolability Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 3) The Legality of the Use of Force Cases Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4) The Oil Platforms Case Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Sudanese involvement Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Uganda and the Kitona attacks Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) Assistance and self-defense Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 6) The Bosnia Genocide Case Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1) ‘Assistance’ in Article 43 UN Charter Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2) The Security Council’s understanding of assistance to an authorized force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 3) Article 51 UN Charter – assistance in collective self-defense Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Authorization of a use of force – an implicit prohibition to provide assistance to the targeted State (when) using force? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Sanction against the assisting State: a prohibition of interstate assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Sanction against the assisted recipient State: prohibition of interstate assistance to a use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Practice of the Security Council Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Practice of the General Assembly Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) General observations: application if the UN takes action Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) A duty to assist the UN Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) UN measures short of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Measures involving the use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- d) Preliminary observations Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Assistance – what is provided? The objective criteria Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) The implication of assistance in the use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (3) The subjective attitude of the assisting State Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) Nature of the assisted actor: State or non-State Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) The role of the recipient within the assisted actor? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Assistance – a quid pro quo? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2) Relevance of other legal concepts? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Direct use of (own) force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Assisted use of force by a State Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) The assisted use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (3) The relationship between the act of assistance and the assisted use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (4) Legal consequences Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) A flexible interpretation within the UN Charter’s boundaries Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Existence of the prohibition of participation Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Dependency on the occurrence of another State’s use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Qualification of the assisted use of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (a) Assistance through omissions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) Objective factors Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (c) Subjective factors Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (d) Intention Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (i) Participation due to necessity? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (ii) Participation as a countermeasure? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (b) Self-defense and international criminal responsibility Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (c) Relationship with duties to cooperate and assist Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) A ‘modifying’ change of the UN Charter’s paradigm? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) Prohibition of a threat of force Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) The non-intervention rule and assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- c) The territorial inviolability and assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- d) A general duty to ensure respect for the prohibition to use force under the UN Charter? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. Sanctions prohibit assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- B. Interaction of the UN and general rules on assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- C. Article 2(5) UN Charter Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. Assistance and Articles 4, 8, 11 ARS Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1) Joint conduct as attribution of conduct? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2) Assistance as ‘joint conduct’? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- C. Special attribution grounds in ius contra bellum? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1) The legal result of assistance: “internationally responsible” Download Kapitel (PDF)
- a) The requirement of an unlawful assisted act Download Kapitel (PDF)
- b) The objective condition: ‘aid and assistance in the commission of an internationally wrongful act’ Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (1) Knowledge of the circumstances of the internationally wrongful act Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (2) Intention to facilitate? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- (3) Knowledge at what point in time? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- d) The opposability requirement: Article 16 (b) ARS Download Kapitel (PDF)
- e) A different threshold for assistance to serious breaches of peremptory norms? Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 3) Relationship to specific rules governing assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- B. Assistance as ‘direction and control’ or ‘coercion’ Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. Due diligence obligations informing non-assistance provisions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- B. Due diligence obligations requiring non-assistance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Chapter 7 The Regime Governing Interstate Assistance to the Use of Force – Quo Vadis?Seiten 839 - 842 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- BibliographySeiten 843 - 884 Download Kapitel (PDF)
