Public Interest Considerations in Merger Control

Dr. Qian Li

doi:10.5771/9783748937210

Zusammenfassung

Obwohl immer mehr Rechtsordnungen zu wettbewerbsbasierten Fusionskontrollregeln übergegangen sind, spielen Erwägungen des öffentlichen Interesses, d.h. nicht-wettbewerbliche Erwägungen, eine signifikante Rolle. Das Werk untersucht und vergleicht ihre Bedeutung für die Fusionskontrolle in den USA, der EU und in China. Berücksichtigt wurden diese Erwägungen in allen drei Rechtsordnungen, jedoch in unterschiedlichem Maße. Die Konvergenz der USA und der EU hat internationale Standards geschaffen, nach denen Erwägungen des öffentlichen Interesses nur in geringem Maße akzeptiert werden. Diese Standards könnten von China infrage gestellt werden. Schließlich wird ein Drei-Säulen-System zur Rationalisierung dieser Erwägung vorgeschlagen.

Schlagworte

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Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr: 2023
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-7588-0
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-3721-0
Verlag: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe: Wirtschaftsrecht und Wirtschaftspolitik
Band: 315
Sprache: Englisch
Seiten: 382
Produkttyp: Monographie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Kein Zugriff Seiten 1 - 18
Introduction Kein Zugriff Seiten 19 - 24
1. 1. I. The Public Interest in a General Sense: A Multifaceted Concept Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. Core Objectives of Competition Law Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. a) A Negative Definition Kein Zugriff
      2. (1) “Consideration” Kein Zugriff
        (2) “Public Interest” Kein Zugriff
        (3) “Public Interest Considerations” Kein Zugriff
2. 1. 1. 1. Openness Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Jurisdiction Specificity Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Time Specificity Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. Defensive as Shields Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Offensive as Swords Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Dual Functions Kein Zugriff
3. 1. I. Essence of the Public Interest Dispute Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. Incompatibility with the Core Objectives Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Legal Uncertainty and Unpredictability Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Existence of Other Specialized Rules Kein Zugriff
    4. 4. Compliance Cost Disadvantages Kein Zugriff
  3. 1. 1. Competition Law: Merely a Part of the Entire Policy System Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. State’s Specific Demands beyond the Core Objectives Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Openness and Flexibility Kein Zugriff
    4. 1. a) Absence of Specialized Rules Kein Zugriff
      2. (1) Harms on Public Interest Promotion Kein Zugriff
        (2) Benefits for Public Interest Promotion Kein Zugriff
        (3) Developing Countries: Policy-Friendly Texture Kein Zugriff
    5. 5. Exaggerated Cost Disadvantages and Overlooked Cost Advantages Kein Zugriff
4. D. Conclusion of Chapter One Kein Zugriff
1. A. Introduction: Prevalence of Public Interest Considerations Kein Zugriff
2. 1. 1. 1. Fear of the Concentration of Economic Power Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Employment Protection Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. National Champion Creation Kein Zugriff
  2. II. The Public Interest from “Product”: Sector-Based Public Interest Considerations Kein Zugriff
  3. III. The Public Interest from “Nationality”: Nationality-Based Public Interest Considerations Kein Zugriff
  4. IV. Observations Kein Zugriff
3. 1. 1. 1. a) Public Interest Considerations: Part of General Substantive Criteria Kein Zugriff
      2. (1) General Public Interest Exceptions Kein Zugriff
        (2) Sector-Specific Exceptions/Provisions Kein Zugriff
      3. c) Combinations of Options Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Implicit Public Interest Considerations Applied in Enforcement Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Dual Functions: Shield and Sword Kein Zugriff
4. 1. I. Single Authority Model Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. External Intervention Model Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Dual Competence Model Kein Zugriff
5. E. Conclusion of Chapter Two Kein Zugriff
1. A. Introduction Kein Zugriff
2. 1. 1. 1. a) The 1950 Amendments: Legislative History Kein Zugriff
      2. b) Since Brown Shoe Case: A Multivalued Approach Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. In the Mid-1970s: Shift to An Economic Approach Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Merger Justifications: No Public Interest Benefits Kein Zugriff
  3. III. Observations Kein Zugriff
3. 1. 1. 1. Editorial Independence Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. National Security Kein Zugriff
    3. 1. a) Boeing/Douglas: FTC Non-Opposition Decision Kein Zugriff
      2. b) FTC Application of General Dynamics Doctrine Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. a) The General Dynamics Defence Kein Zugriff
      2. b) The Failing Firm Defence Kein Zugriff
      3. c) Quasi-Exemption for National Security Benefits Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Expeditious Review Procedure Kein Zugriff
  3. III. Institutional Arrangement Kein Zugriff
4. 1. I. Railroad Mergers: Exempt from Competition Merger Review Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Bank Mergers: Shared Competences Kein Zugriff
  3. III. Telecommunications mergers: Concurrent Competences Kein Zugriff
  4. IV. Foreign Investment Scrutiny: CFIUS Review as a Last Resort Kein Zugriff
5. E. Conclusion of Chapter Three Kein Zugriff
1. A. Introduction Kein Zugriff
2. 1. 1. 1. Economic, Social and Territorial Cohesion among Member States Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Industrial Policy Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Data Protection Kein Zugriff
    4. 4. Public Security in Foreign Investments Kein Zugriff
    5. 5. Financial Stability Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. Recital 23 Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. a) As Competition Parameter: Data Protection Kein Zugriff
      2. b) As Potential Competition Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Merger Remedies in Energy Mergers Kein Zugriff
    4. 4. Procedural Derogations Kein Zugriff
  3. III. Observations Kein Zugriff
3. 1. 1. 1. Substantive Condition 1: National Legitimate Interests Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Substantive Condition 2: Appropriateness of Measures Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Procedural Condition: Prior Communication Obligation and Stand-still Obligation Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Consequences of Article 21(4) Kein Zugriff
4. 1. 1. 1. The Pure Economic Approach Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. The Mixed Economic Approach Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. Public Interest Justifications in EU Free Movement Law Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Link between Article 21(4) and Public Interest Justifications in EU Free Movement Law Kein Zugriff
5. E. Conclusion of Chapter Four Kein Zugriff
1. A. Introduction Kein Zugriff
2. 1. I. Procedural Provisions Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Substantive Provisions Kein Zugriff
  3. III. Enforcement Arrangement Kein Zugriff
  4. IV. Legal Liabilities and Sanctions for Non-Compliance Kein Zugriff
  5. V. Administrative Reconsideration and Judicial Review Kein Zugriff
3. 1. I. Non-Competition Legislative Objectives of the AML Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Overall Positive Attitudes towards Mergers Kein Zugriff
  3. III. Public Interest Exemption Clause Kein Zugriff
  4. IV. Non-Competition Factors in Merger Appraisal Kein Zugriff
  5. V. National Security Review Linking Clause Kein Zugriff
  6. VI. Observations Kein Zugriff
4. 1. 1. 1. a) Import Security of Food Kein Zugriff
      2. b) Import Security of Materials Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. a) Chinese SOEs and Restructuring Waves Kein Zugriff
      2. b) Quasi-Exemption under Merger Control Kein Zugriff
      3. c) Substantive Exemption: CSR/CNR Reorganization Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Development of Critical Industries Kein Zugriff
    4. 4. Protection of Domestic Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. Consultation Procedure Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. a) Horizontal Chinese Competitors Kein Zugriff
      2. b) Downstream Chinese Customers Kein Zugriff
      3. c) Observations Kein Zugriff
    3. 1. (1) Restriction of Investments Kein Zugriff
        (2) Treatment of Non-Acquired Businesses Kein Zugriff
      2. b) Behavioural Remedies with Public Interest Purposes Kein Zugriff
      3. c) Divestitures: Chinese Purchasers Kein Zugriff
5. E. Conclusion of Chapter Five Kein Zugriff
1. A. Introduction Kein Zugriff
2. 1. 1. 1. National Security Interests Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. National Champion Creation Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Sector-Based Public Interest Considerations Kein Zugriff
    4. 4. Nationality-Based Public Interest Considerations Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. Jurisdiction-Specific Grounds Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. a) The US: On Welfare Kein Zugriff
      2. b) China: On Economic Development Kein Zugriff
      3. c) The EU: On a Balanced Range of EU Objectives Kein Zugriff
3. 1. I. Convergence: Reliance on Single Authority Arrangement Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. Merger Enforcement: Administrative Model v. Judicial Model Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Competition Authority: Competence Boundaries Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Judicial Scrutiny Kein Zugriff
4. 1. 1. 1. Common Reliance on Implicit Manners Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Implicit but Not Invisible: Standards for Finding Implicit Applications of Public Interest Considerations Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Implicit Manners: Positive and Negative Consequences Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. a) Determination of Jurisdiction Kein Zugriff
      2. b) Review Procedure Kein Zugriff
      3. c) Substantive Appraisal Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. a) Different Degrees of Impacts: Two Peak Situations Kein Zugriff
      2. b) Varied Reliance on Shield and Sword Functions Kein Zugriff
      3. c) Possible Reasons for Divergence Kein Zugriff
5. E. Conclusion of Chapter Six Kein Zugriff
1. A. Introduction Kein Zugriff
2. 1. 1. 1. The Pure Economic Approach Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. The Pure Public Interest Approach Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. The Mixed Economic Approach Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Element of “How”: Explicit and Implicit Forms Kein Zugriff
  3. 1. 1. General Observations Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Links between “What” and the Three Balancing Approaches Kein Zugriff
  4. 1. 1. General Procedural Principles Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Links between “Who” and the Three Balancing Approaches Kein Zugriff
  5. 1. 1. a) The Pure Economic Approach and Its Combined Team Kein Zugriff
      2. b) The Pure Public Interest Approach and Its Combined Team Kein Zugriff
      3. c) The Mixed Economic Approach and Its Combined Team Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. a) Approach Selection: Specific to Each Public Interest Consideration Kein Zugriff
      2. b) Joint Approaches and Combination Strategy Kein Zugriff
    3. 1. a) Reduce Dependence on the Mixed Economic Approach Kein Zugriff
      2. b) Activate the Pure Public Interest Approach Kein Zugriff
      3. c) Enhance Transparency Kein Zugriff
3. 1. I. Judicial Scrutiny: Relevance to Public Interest Considerations Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. Judicial Review of EDEKA/KT Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Challenges and Implications Kein Zugriff
4. 1. I. Public Interest Considerations and Conflicts Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. Bilateral Strategy: Negative Comity Principle Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. a) Binding Agreements Kein Zugriff
      2. b) Non-Binding Cooperation Kein Zugriff
5. E. Conclusion of Chapter Seven Kein Zugriff
Conclusion Kein Zugriff Seiten 343 - 354
Summary in German Kein Zugriff Seiten 355 - 368
Bibliography Kein Zugriff Seiten 369 - 382

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