Safe Access to Asylum in Europe

Dr. Pauline Endres de Oliveira

doi:10.5771/9783748939269

Zusammenfassung

Das Buch bietet eine umfassende rechtliche und normative Einordnung verschiedener sicherer Zugangswege in die EU. Der Fokus liegt auf dem Asylvisum, Resettlement, humanitären Aufnahmeprogrammen und Sponsorenprogrammen. Das Buch untersucht, wie sich diese Zugangswege auf das „Asylparadox“ auswirken, also das paradoxe Wechselspiel in der aktuellen EU-Asylpolitik zwischen der Gewährung von territorialem Schutz einerseits und der Verhinderung des Zugangs zum Territorium andererseits. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass das Asylparadox das Ergebnis eines Konflikts von Verantwortungsprinzipien ist, entwickelt das Buch ein analytisches Instrument, einen Verantwortungsrahmen, für die Analyse und Bewertung sicherer Zugangswege. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Bewertung von der Art des Zugangsweges und der jeweiligen Umsetzung abhängt.

Schlagworte

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Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr: 2024
ISBN-Print: 978-3-7560-0572-7
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-3926-9
Verlag: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe: Schriften zum Migrationsrecht
Band: 45
Sprache: Englisch
Seiten: 268
Produkttyp: Monographie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten

Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisSeiten 1 - 22 Download Kapitel (PDF)
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1. 1 The asylum paradox
2. 2 Aim and research questions
3. 1. 1. 3.1.1 Protection seekers
    2. 3.1.2 Safe pathways to protection
    3. 3.1.3 The notion of ‘State’
  2. 3.2 Legal sources
4. 1. 4.1 Normative reconstruction of the status quo: developing a responsibility framework
  2. 4.2 Structured analysis and normative assessment: safe pathways in the light of the responsibility framework
5. 1. 1. 5.1.1 The limited scope of the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement
    2. 5.1.2 The scope of non-refoulement in ‘asylum visa’ cases
  2. 5.2 No access to asylum: the legality of border and migration control with a view to access to protection
  3. 5.3 The relation of sovereignty and human rights in refugee law
  4. 5.4 Studies of safe pathways to protection
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1. 1. 6.1 The notion of principles: from legal principles to principles in legal philosophy
  2. 6.2 The notion and structuring function of principles in this book
  3. 6.3 The normative function of responsibility principles
2. 1. 1. 7.1.1 From Westphalian sovereignty to State autonomy
    2. 7.1.2 Sovereignty and the concept of asylum
    3. 7.1.3 Sovereignty claims in migration and border control
  2. 7.2 Sovereignty as responsibility
  3. 7.3 The scope of the internal responsibility
  4. 7.4 Conclusion
3. 1. 1. 8.1.1 The universal scope of human rights and refugee law
    2. 8.1.2 Key human rights provisions governing access to protection in the EU
  2. 8.2 Human rights as basis of an external responsibility
  3. 8.3 The scope of the external responsibility in the territorial context
  4. 8.4 Conclusion
4. 1. 1. 9.1.1 The principle of solidarity at international level
    2. 9.1.2 The principle of solidarity in the legal context of the EU
  2. 9.2 The principle of inter-State responsibility
  3. 1. 9.3.1 Three main approaches: ‘common responsibility’, ‘common but differentiated responsibility’ and ‘emergency solidarity’
    2. 9.3.2 Proposals for responsibility-sharing schemes: from the ‘Comprehensive Plan of Action’ to ‘Regional Disembarkation Platforms’
    3. 9.3.3 The New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants and the UN Global Compacts of 2018
  4. 9.4 Conclusion
5. 1. 10.1 The triad of responsibility principles underlying the asylum paradox
  2. 1. 1. 10.2.1.1 Assessment standards following from the internal responsibility
      2. 10.2.1.2 Assessment standards following from the external responsibility
      3. 10.2.1.3 Assessment standards following from the inter-State responsibility
    2. 10.2.2 The heuristic function of the responsibility framework: revealing tensions and trade-offs
    3. 1. 10.2.3.1 Migration control and deterrence
      2. 10.2.3.2 Individual access and procedural safeguards
      3. 10.2.3.3 Common but differentiated responsibility
  3. 10.3 The strengths and limits of a responsibility-based approach
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1. 1. 11.1 Definition: clarifying the term ‘asylum visa’
  2. 1. 11.2.1 Diplomatic asylum
    2. 11.2.2 Historic precedents of ‘protective passports’ in Europe
  3. 1. 11.3.1 EU visa regulations with impact on protection seekers
    2. 11.3.2 The role of carrier sanctions on access to protection
    3. 11.3.3 National policies of granting ‘humanitarian visas’ in the EU
  4. 1. 11.4.1 A short note on extraterritorial jurisdiction
    2. 11.4.2 The CJEU case X and X and the ECtHR case M.N.
    3. 11.4.3 The relevance of the case N.D. and N.T.
    4. 11.4.4 Summarising the approach of this book: a dynamic interpretation of human rights in asylum visa cases
  5. 1. 11.5.1 ‘Who’: protection seekers
    2. 11.5.2 ‘How’: asylum visa procedures
    3. 11.5.3 ‘What’: the protection status granted through an asylum visa scheme
  6. 1. 1. 11.6.1.1 Beneficiaries: ‘anyone anywhere’ under a severe human rights risk
      2. 11.6.1.2 Asylum visa procedures with individual rights and guarantees
      3. 11.6.1.3 Content of protection: access to national asylum procedures
    2. 1. 11.6.2.1 Beneficiaries: no margin of discretion
      2. 11.6.2.2 Asylum visa procedures: migration control with limits
      3. 11.6.2.3 Content of protection: access to the national asylum procedure
    3. 1. 11.6.3.1 Beneficiaries: no large-scale admission or consideration of State interests
      2. 11.6.3.2 Asylum visa procedures: paradigm change in responsibility allocation and issues of international cooperation
      3. 11.6.3.3 Content of protection: the relevance of a long-term perspective
  7. 1. 11.7.1 Safe access to embassies and physical safety during the procedures
    2. 11.7.2 Legal access to the procedures and legal safeguards
    3. 11.7.3 The ‘floodgate’ argument
    4. 11.7.4 Limits of the asylum visa in terms of scope, numbers and predictability
    5. 11.7.5 Interim conclusion: the asylum visa as human rights tool
  8. 11.8 Conclusion: the asylum visa as paradigm shift
2. 1. 12.1 Defining resettlement
  2. 1. 12.2.1 Resettlement at international level
    2. 12.2.2 Resettlement in the EU
  3. 1. 12.3.1 ‘Who’: ‘resettled refugees’
    2. 12.3.2 ‘How’: resettlement procedures
    3. 12.3.3 ‘What’: the protection status of ‘resettled refugees’
  4. 1. 1. 12.4.1.1 Beneficiaries of resettlement: from vulnerability to IDPs
      2. 12.4.1.2 Resettlement procedures: from one ‘gatekeeper’ to another
      3. 12.4.1.3 Content of protection: no uniform resettlement status
    2. 1. 12.4.2.1 Utilitarian admission criteria and links to migration control
      2. 12.4.2.2 Flexible procedures and discretionary status
    3. 1. 12.4.3.1 Beneficiaries and procedures: from ‘cherry picking’ to limited quotas and political leverage
      2. 12.4.3.2 Content of protection: predictability
  5. 1. 12.5.1 The discretionary nature of resettlement: from ‘filters’ to ‘gatekeepers’
    2. 12.5.2 Resettlement and territorial asylum
  6. 12.6 Conclusion: resettlement between solidarity and political leverage in migration control
3. 1. 13.1 Defining ad hoc humanitarian admission
  2. 13.2 Background
  3. 1. 13.3.1 ‘Who’: beneficiaries of ad hoc humanitarian admission
    2. 13.3.2 ‘How’: ad hoc humanitarian admission procedures
    3. 13.3.3 ‘What’: the status granted through ad hoc humanitarian admission
  4. 1. 1. 13.4.1.1 Beneficiaries: from the ‘one-to-one’ approach to ‘close-tie’ requirements
      2. 13.4.1.2 Ad hoc admission procedures: silence on procedural guarantees
      3. 13.4.1.3 Content of protection: access vs. rights
    2. 13.4.2 Internal responsibility: State discretion at peak
    3. 13.4.3 Inter-State responsibility: ad hoc admissions as acts of ‘emergency solidarity’
  5. 1. 13.5.1 The ‘good’ refugee and the ‘bad’ asylum seeker
    2. 13.5.2 The controversial nature of the ‘close-tie’ requirement
    3. 13.5.3 Access vs. rights
  6. 13.6 Conclusion: ad hoc humanitarian admission as emergency solidarity and State discretion at peak
4. 1. 14.1 Defining sponsorship schemes
  2. 1. 14.2.1 International perspective: the Canadian private sponsorship scheme as a role model
    2. 14.2.2 Sponsorship schemes in the legal context of the EU
  3. 1. 14.3.1 ‘Who’: beneficiaries of sponsorship schemes
    2. 14.3.2 ‘How’: sponsorship procedures
    3. 14.3.3 ‘What’: status upon arrival
  4. 1. 1. 14.4.1.1 Beneficiaries: the ‘close tie’ requirement as a key consideration
      2. 14.4.1.2 Admission procedures: enhancing agency
      3. 14.4.1.3 Content of protection: issues of status and responsibility transfer
    2. 1. 14.4.2.1 Beneficiaries: limited State discretion for more social acceptance
      2. 14.4.2.2 Admission procedures: civil society as an internal driving force
      3. 14.4.2.3 Content of protection: the leading role of sponsors in the post-arrival phase
    3. 14.4.3 Inter-State responsibility: the scope of ‘solidarity bonds’
  5. 1. 14.5.1 Between ‘undue burdens’ and empowerment of civil society
    2. 14.5.2 The relevance of complementarity in sponsorship schemes
  6. 14.6 Conclusion: sharing responsibility – not burdens
5. 1. 15.1 Overall conclusion
  2. 1. 15.2.1 Safe access to safe pathways
    2. 15.2.2 Permanent schemes vs. ad hoc schemes
    3. 15.2.3 State discretion vs. individual rights
    4. 15.2.4 Access vs. rights
    5. 15.2.5 Safe pathways and territorial asylum: the ‘fig leaf’ and the ‘queue jumpers’
    6. 15.2.6 Complementarity of safe pathways
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1. 1. 16.1 Point of departure: the asylum paradox and established definitions
  2. 16.2 Theoretical foundation: the responsibility triad as basis of a responsibility framework
  3. 1. 16.3.1 The asylum visa
    2. 16.3.2 Resettlement
    3. 16.3.3 Ad hoc humanitarian admission
    4. 16.3.4 Sponsorship schemes
2. 17 List of key findings
3. 1. 18.1 The map: human rights must follow borders and adapt to new challenges
  2. 18.2 The vessel: safe pathways to protection
  3. 18.3 The terrain: digitalisation, technology and mobility
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