Crimes of Business in International Law
Concepts of Individual and Corporate Responsibility for the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court- Autor:innen:
- Reihe:
- Schriften zum Internationalen und Europäischen Strafrecht, Band 24
- Verlag:
- 2015
Zusammenfassung
Die Prävention von Wirtschaftstätigkeit, die zu schwersten Menschenrechtsverletzungen beiträgt, ist für die internationale Gemeinschaft von hoher Bedeutung.
Der Verfasser entwirft Wege zur Begründung individueller strafrechtlicher Verantwortlichkeit für das Bereitstellen von Infrastruktur-, Finanz- und sonstigen Mitteln zur Begehung von Verbrechen gemäß dem Römischen Statut des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs. Das Werk macht dafür grundlegende Beiträge der deutschen Strafrechtswissenschaft fruchtbar und hinterfragt kritisch die Rechtsprechung des Gerichtshofs zu Täterschaft und ziviler Vorgesetztenverantwortlichkeit.
Aus menschenrechtlicher Perspektive legt der Autor dar, in welchem Umfang sozial erwünschte wirtschaftliche Betätigung straffrei zu stellen ist. Ein interdisziplinärer Zugriff auf das rechtspolitische Vorhaben einer völkerrechtlichen Unternehmensstrafbarkeit legt den ungelösten Konflikt zwischen konträren Organisationswirklichkeiten als wichtiges Reformhindernis frei.
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Bibliographische Angaben
- Copyrightjahr
- 2015
- ISBN-Print
- 978-3-8487-2544-1
- ISBN-Online
- 978-3-8452-7157-6
- Verlag
- Nomos, Baden-Baden
- Reihe
- Schriften zum Internationalen und Europäischen Strafrecht
- Band
- 24
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Seiten
- 400
- Produkttyp
- Monographie
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Kein Zugriff Seiten 1 - 24
- 1.1. Motives Kein Zugriff
- 1.2. An inter-disciplinary and multi-language approach Kein Zugriff
- 1.3. The Corrie case example Kein Zugriff
- 1.4. References Kein Zugriff
- 2.1. Preliminary remarks: Interpreting the Rome Statute Kein Zugriff Seiten 34 - 40
- 2.2.1.1.1. The Majority’s decision by Trial Chamber I: Differentiation, a hierarchy, and collective control in co-perpetration Kein Zugriff
- 2.2.1.1.2. Judge Fulford: Opposition by way of a plain(er) reading Kein Zugriff
- 2.2.1.2.1. The Majorities’ decisions of Pre-Trial Chamber I and Trial Chamber II: Control by means of a power apparatus in indirect perpetration Kein Zugriff
- 2.2.1.2.2. Judge van den Wyngaert: Opposition in another plain reading Kein Zugriff
- 2.2.2.1. Article 25 (3) RS constitutes a hierarchical ordering of degrees of responsibility; (principal) perpetrators are in control over the crime, (secondary) accomplices aren’t Kein Zugriff
- 2.2.2.2. All participants are equal under Article 25 (3) RS; distinctions are made at the sentencing stage Kein Zugriff
- 2.2.3. Results and outlook: Implications for the scope of individual business actors’ responsibility under the Rome Statute Kein Zugriff
- 2.3.1.1. Textual perspectives in ICC jurisprudence Kein Zugriff
- 2.3.1.2. Textual perspectives in scholarship Kein Zugriff
- 2.3.1.3. Results: The Statute’s ambivalence from a textual perspective Kein Zugriff
- 2.3.2. The legal certainty perspective: More ambivalence Kein Zugriff
- 2.3.3. The punishment perspective: A superior expressive capacity of modes of participation as degrees of responsibility? Kein Zugriff
- 2.3.4.1.1. Attribution of physical acts and (derivation) of criminality Kein Zugriff
- 2.3.4.1.2. Implications for the sentencing stage Kein Zugriff
- 2.3.4.2. Representativeness and consistency Kein Zugriff
- 2.3.4.3. Results Kein Zugriff
- 2.3.5. Results and outlook: Towards overcoming ambivalence Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.1.1. Roxin’s Zentralgestalt: Indirect perpetration and the openness of control Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.1.2.1. Offense descriptions and the reality structure relevant to the protection of legal interests Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.1.2.2. The «base type» of perpetration Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.1.2.3. Perpetration and attribution Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.1.2.4. Perpetration and criminality Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.1.3. The law’s subject matter and the ICC: A region-specific account of the power apparatus in Katanga Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.1.4. Results and outlook: A normative-empirical perspective on commission under the Rome Statute Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.1.1.1. Crimes against humanity Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.1.1.2. Genocide Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.1.1.3. War crimes Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.1.1.4. Results and outlook: The reality of offenses under the Rome Statute as an organized effort Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.1.2. An anatomy of human interaction and involvement in genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.1.3. Results and outlook: Designers and implementers of organized action as key figures Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.2. The Statute’s fundamental means-end-relation and its reality structure Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.3.1. The resource dimension of commission Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.3.2.1.1. Kelman and Hamilton on crimes of obedience Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.3.2.1.2. Total institutional power relations Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.3.2.1.3. Critical voices Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.3.2.2. Fungibility re-visited: On the empirical substrate of the (corporate) power apparatus Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.3.3. The commission type and prerequisite degrees of dimensional expression Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.2.4. Results and outlook: The commission type and individual criminal responsibility Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.3.1. ICC: A dysfunctional control approach to indirect co-perpetration Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.3.2. Ambos and Vest: Multi-staged control Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.3.3.1. Cooperative conduct, shared creatorship of the result and individual quotas of criminality Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.3.3.2. Sentencing and degrees of criminal responsibility as labels Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.3.4. Results and outlook Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.4.1. Commission as an individual? Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.4.2.1. The regardless- and commission-clauses Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.4.2.2. (Additional) Intent prerequisites in sub-sections (c) and (d)? Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.4.3. Results Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.5.1.1. Central issues Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.5.1.2. … and responses Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.5.2. JCE, the genesis of Article 25 (3) (d) RS, and collective responsibility Kein Zugriff
- 2.4.6. Results and outlook: Business actors’ individual criminal responsibility for commission Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.1. The notions of proximity and remoteness Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.2.1.1. Methodological objection: Re-reading the MPC’s drafting history Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.2.1.2. Substantive objection: The purpose prerequisite’s deep roots in common law Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.2.2.1. Two scenarios Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.2.2.2. The issue of normalcy Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.2.3.1. Vest: The context of Article 25 (3) (c) RS Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.2.3.2.1. Dictionary approach Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.2.3.2.2.1. Purpose as direct but not oblique intent Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.2.3.2.2.2. En vue de as dol spécial Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.2.3.2.2.3. Con el propósito Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.2.3.2.2.4. Result: Difference of meaning Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.2.3.2.3. Resolution pursuant to Article 33 VCLT Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.3.1. Essential transactions Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.3.2. «Substantial» assistance, «significant» contributions, and overbreadth in Prosecutor v. Mbarushimana Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.3.3. Ambos and Vest: Limiting (secondary) participation to socially undesirable acts by recourse to a risk standard Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.3.4.1. A utilitarian premise Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.3.4.2. … and its implementation in a risk permission Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.3.5. Results and outlook Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.1.1. Balancing interests and protecting trust Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.1.2.1. Balancing as a method Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.1.2.2. Criminal law and constitutional law Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.1.1. Global constitutionalism and international law as a coherent system Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.1.2.1. Principles as optimization requirements: The constitutional domestic perspective Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.1.2.2. Principles as optimization requirements in the public law paradigm: The international constitutional perspective Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.1.2.3. Human rights as principles in international law Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.1.3. Results: Constitutionalization of international law, Article 21 (3) RS and risk permissions Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.2.1. Honest unevenness in a «contextual» approach to «internationally recognized»? Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.2.2.1. Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the ECHR: Protecting solidified interests in economic and professional liberty as a human right Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.2.2.2. Interference by criminalization of acts of business exchange Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.2.2.3. Uneven protection of human rights in a «contextual approach» before the ICC Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.2.3.1. Rawls on domestic social justice Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.2.3.2. Rawls on international justice Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.2.3.3. Global cosmopolitan justice Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.2.3.4. International justice and the ICC Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.2.3.5. Global justice and the ICC as a just global institution Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.2.3. Results and outlook: Re-visiting contextual vs. minimalist readings of «internationally recognized» and implications for acts of business exchange Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.3.1. The protective principle: Individual and collective? Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.3.2.1.1. Intensity of non-satisfaction of the principle of possession Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.3.2.1.2. Importance of satisfying the protective principle Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.3.2.1.3. Realization to the factually greatest extent Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.3.2.1.4. Abstract weight of the protective principle and of the principle of possession Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.3.2.1.5. Application to case example Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.3.2.2. The principle of adequate living conditions through work Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.4. Results: Implementation of an individual risk permission is generally not required Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.5.1. Wresting the singularity of life from the calculus of social interests: The criteria of securing one’s livelihood and of organizational competence Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.5.2. The criterion of risk specificity Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.4.5.3. Neutralization and perpetration Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.5. Results Kein Zugriff
- 2.5.6. Excursus: A customary law perspective on risk permissions? Business activity post-Nuremberg under Article 21 (1) (b) RS Kein Zugriff
- 2.6. Conclusion Kein Zugriff Seiten 299 - 300
- 2.7. References Kein Zugriff Seiten 300 - 326
- 3.1.1. Scholarly views on business actors as civilian superiors Kein Zugriff
- 3.1.2.1. Ad hoc jurisprudence on civilian «effective control» as the ability to report Kein Zugriff
- 3.1.2.2. Musema before the ICTR: «Legal and financial control» as business actors’ «effective control»? Kein Zugriff
- 3.1.2.3. Nahimana et al. before the ICTR: Analyzing corporate structures Kein Zugriff
- 3.1.2.4.1. Substantive issues: The nature and scope of civilian «effective control» Kein Zugriff
- 3.1.2.4.2. Methodological issues: Sources of law under Article 21 (1) RS Kein Zugriff
- 3.1.3. Results and outlook Kein Zugriff
- 3.2.1. Schünemann’s typological perspective on omission Kein Zugriff
- 3.2.2.1. The genesis of Article 28 RS Kein Zugriff
- 3.2.2.2. The Statute’s omission type and its concretization with a view to conduct of civilian superiors Kein Zugriff
- 3.2.2.3.1. Attribution and criminality in scholarship Kein Zugriff
- 3.2.2.3.2. An analogous proposal Kein Zugriff
- 3.2.3. Results and outlook: Business leaders as civilian superiors and the question of social desirability Kein Zugriff
- 3.3.1. Scholarship on conscious disregard Kein Zugriff
- 3.3.2. Balancing human rights as principles Kein Zugriff
- 3.3.3. Result: No risk permission for business leaders as civilian superiors Kein Zugriff
- 3.4. Conclusion Kein Zugriff
- 3.5. References Kein Zugriff
- 4.1. The Rome Conference proposal and its discussion in scholarship Kein Zugriff
- 4.2.1.1. Punishing the corporation Kein Zugriff
- 4.2.1.2. An epistemological review Kein Zugriff
- 4.2.1.3. Incompatible perspectives Kein Zugriff
- 4.2.2. Non-criminal sanctions against corporate actors under the Rome Statute: The Rome Statute as criminal law? Kein Zugriff
- 4.3.1. The «corporate veil» Kein Zugriff
- 4.3.2. …and how to lift it Kein Zugriff
- 4.3.3. Domestic experiences Kein Zugriff
- 4.3.4. Result Kein Zugriff
- 4.4. Conclusion Kein Zugriff
- 4.5. References Kein Zugriff
- 5. Closing remarks Kein Zugriff Seiten 396 - 397
- Thesis 1: Interpretative efforts regarding Articles 25 (3) and 28 (b) RS by the ICC and in scholarship largely preclude the prosecution of business actors but are not persuasive. Kein Zugriff
- Thesis 2: These shortcomings can be remedied by a typological approach to commission and omission. Kein Zugriff
- hesis 3: The Statute's commission (omission) type consists of the ability to take decisions significant for the violation of protected legal interests by (not preventing the) devising or implementing ... Kein Zugriff
- Thesis 4: The commission and omission types are two-dimensional. Kein Zugriff
- Thesis 5: The criminality of conduct is collective and qualitatively the same for all actors. Kein Zugriff
- Thesis 6: The social value of business activity does not call for a risk permission under the Statute. Kein Zugriff
- Thesis 7: A policy decision extending the ICC’s jurisdiction to business corporations would be premature. Kein Zugriff
Literaturverzeichnis (620 Einträge)
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