Lawmaking in Multi-level Settings

Prof. Dr. Patricia Popelier; Prof. Helen Xanthaki LL.B. (Hon.), M.Jur., Ph.D. (Durham); Dr. William Robinson; Prof. João Tiago Silveira; RA Prof. Dr. Felix Uhlmann LL.M.

doi:10.5771/9783748900863

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Lawmaking in Multi-level Settings

Legislative Challenges in Federal Systems and the European Union

Editors:
Series:: International Association of Legislation (IAL) / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesetzgebung (DGG), Volume 18
Publisher:: 2019

Summary

Law making is difficult enough in a simple national setting but even harder in multi-level settings such as federal states or the EU. At the central level, laws must respect the autonomy and diversity of the component units, yet be effective, coherent, simple and accessible. At the decentralized level, law makers must, within a given time, implement in their own legislative framework laws drawn up at the central level.

The challenges are discussed in this volume of selected papers from the International Association of Legislation’s 2018 Conference at Antwerp University. It covers all multi-tiered systems, but a major focus is on the EU, where the tension between autonomy and efficacy is most evident.

Part I examines the topic at the broadest level, including all types of multi-tiered systems. Part II focuses on the EU perspective and Part III on the perspective of the Member States.

The authors are experts in various disciplines and practitioners, ensuring a multi-disciplinary approach.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2019
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-5957-6
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-0086-3
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: International Association of Legislation (IAL) / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesetzgebung (DGG)
Volume: 18
Language: English
Pages: 317
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 8
Introduction to Lawmaking in Multi-Level Settings No access Pages 9 - 14 Patricia Popelier, Helen Xanthaki, William Robinson, João Tiago Silveira, Felix Uhlmann
1. Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
  1. Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
    1. 1. Multi-level Systems No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
    2. 2. Upper and Lower Level No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
  2. Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
    1. Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
      1. 1.1. Hierarchical Systems No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
      2. 1.2. Non-hierarchical Systems No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
    2. Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
      1. 2.1. Co-legislator No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
      2. 2.2. Execution No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
      3. 2.3. Implementation No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
    3. Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
      1. 3.1. Predominantly Upper Level No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
      2. 3.2. Predominantly Lower Level No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
      3. 3.3. Both Upper and Lower Level No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
      4. 3.4. Hybrid Systems No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
  3. Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
    1. 1. Effectiveness and Quality No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
    2. 2. Autonomy and Quality No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
  4. Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
    1. Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
      1. 1.1. Notification, Reporting, Oversight and Permission Requirements No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
      2. 1.2. Enforcement and Sanctioning Instruments No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
    2. 2. Participation in the Lawmaking Process No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
    3. 3. Coordination Instruments No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
  5. V. Conclusion No access Felix Uhlmann, Patricia Popelier
2. Evelyne Schmid
  1. Evelyne Schmid
    1. Complexity, terminology and limitations No access Evelyne Schmid
  2. Evelyne Schmid
    1. 1. The federal level in federations No access Evelyne Schmid
    2. 2. European Union law No access Evelyne Schmid
    3. 3. Public international law No access Evelyne Schmid
    4. 4. What all three upper levels share: A common appetite for effectiveness No access Evelyne Schmid
  3. Evelyne Schmid
    1. 1. Vertical substitute performance No access Evelyne Schmid
    2. Evelyne Schmid
      1. 2.1. The importance of admissibility rules No access Evelyne Schmid
      2. 2.2. Direct applicability and vertical direct effect No access Evelyne Schmid
      3. 2.3. Invalidation by upper level courts No access Evelyne Schmid
      4. Evelyne Schmid
        a) Between appeals to the legislator and judge-made law No access Evelyne Schmid
        b) Requiring consistent interpretation No access Evelyne Schmid
      5. 2.5. Common concerns with court enforcement No access Evelyne Schmid
    3. 3. Financial liability (as a sub-type of court enforcement) No access Evelyne Schmid
    4. Evelyne Schmid
      1. 4.1. Approval requirements No access Evelyne Schmid
      2. 4.2. Loyalty principles, duties to consult, inform and involve No access Evelyne Schmid
      3. 4.3. Financial and other incentives No access Evelyne Schmid
      4. 4.4. Oversight mechanisms No access Evelyne Schmid
      5. 4.5. Common concerns with oversight and cooperation No access Evelyne Schmid
  4. IV. Conclusions No access Evelyne Schmid
3. Elena Griglio, Nicola Lupo
  1. I. Introduction. Law-making in multi-level settings: a problem of coordination No access Elena Griglio, Nicola Lupo
  2. II. Legislative initiative and inter-institutional programming in the EU No access Elena Griglio, Nicola Lupo
  3. III. The Early Warning System and the principle of subsidiarity in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice No access Elena Griglio, Nicola Lupo
  4. IV. Challenges of multi-level law-making in Italian regionalism: the role of the Constitutional Court No access Elena Griglio, Nicola Lupo
  5. V. Quality of legislation between the State and Regions in Italy: the multi-level legislator unbound No access Elena Griglio, Nicola Lupo
  6. VI. Conclusions No access Elena Griglio, Nicola Lupo
1. Maria Mousmouti
  1. I. Law-making in multi-level contexts: setting the scene No access Maria Mousmouti
  2. Maria Mousmouti
    1. 1. Impact Assessment No access Maria Mousmouti
    2. 2. Consultation No access Maria Mousmouti
  3. III. Subsidiarity in legislative practice No access Maria Mousmouti
  4. IV. Conclusions No access Maria Mousmouti
2. Karen Banks
  1. I. Introduction No access Karen Banks
  2. II. The 2016 Interinstitutional Agreement on Better Law Making No access Karen Banks
  3. III. The Task Force on Subsidiarity, Proportionality and “Doing Less More Efficiently” No access Karen Banks
  4. IV. Access to documents No access Karen Banks
  5. V. Conclusion No access Karen Banks
3. Markéta Whelanová
  1. I. Introduction No access Markéta Whelanová
  2. Markéta Whelanová
    1. 1. Ambiguity due to formal reasons No access Markéta Whelanová
    2. Markéta Whelanová
      1. 2.1. Vagueness, especially as to the scope, or reliance on clarification in the recitals No access Markéta Whelanová
      2. 2.2. Inclusion of soft-law provisions in legally binding acts or political planning and indicative lists No access Markéta Whelanová
      3. 2.3. Provisions which have not been updated or unclear links between legal acts No access Markéta Whelanová
      4. 2.4. Indirect amendments No access Markéta Whelanová
    3. III. Incompleteness No access Markéta Whelanová
    4. Markéta Whelanová
      1. 1. No legally binding form No access Markéta Whelanová
      2. Markéta Whelanová
        2.1. Regulations as concealed directives No access Markéta Whelanová
        2.2. Amendment of EU directives by EU regulations No access Markéta Whelanová
        2.3. Hybrid nature of decisions No access Markéta Whelanová
  3. V. Conclusion No access Markéta Whelanová
4. Agnieszka Doczekalska
  1. I. Introduction No access Agnieszka Doczekalska
  2. II. Languages of the Member States’ national law as compared to language(s) of EU law No access Agnieszka Doczekalska
  3. III. Levels and stages of EU drafting and transposition No access Agnieszka Doczekalska
  4. IV. Linguistic and terminological choices at EU level – drafting of EU law No access Agnieszka Doczekalska
  5. V. Linguistic and terminological choices at a national level – transposing EU law No access Agnieszka Doczekalska
  6. VI. Conclusions No access Agnieszka Doczekalska
5. Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
  1. I. Introduction No access Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
  2. II. The ‘murky’ EU soft law No access Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
  3. III. Normative content as a key factor for determining the legal nature of EU (soft law) acts No access Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
  4. Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
    1. 1. Structure No access Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
    2. 2. Degree of detail and precision No access Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
    3. 3. Strength of obligations No access Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
    4. 4. Compliance/enforcement mechanisms No access Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
    5. 5. Persuasive force of arguments No access Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
  5. V. A legally problematic ‘hardening’ phenomenon of EU (Commission’s) soft law instruments No access Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
  6. VI. Better lawmaking through an argumentative ‘toolbox’ No access Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
  7. VII. Conclusion No access Florin Coman-Kund, Corina Andone
6. Petra Lea Láncos
  1. I. Introduction No access Petra Lea Láncos
  2. II. The spectrum between directives and recommendations No access Petra Lea Láncos
  3. Petra Lea Láncos
    1. 1. The system governing harmonization under Hungarian law No access Petra Lea Láncos
    2. 2. Implementation of recommendations: a mixed picture No access Petra Lea Láncos
  4. IV. Outlook: Do directive-like recommendations have some added value? No access Petra Lea Láncos
7. Nikos Koutras
  1. I. Introduction No access Nikos Koutras
  2. II. Literature review No access Nikos Koutras
  3. III. Public consultation as process: conceptual foundations No access Nikos Koutras
  4. Nikos Koutras
    1. 1. Multilevel governance and the European Union No access Nikos Koutras
    2. 2. Innovations in governance: towards ‘better regulation’ No access Nikos Koutras
  5. Nikos Koutras
    1. Examination of the questionnaire section about the ‘research exception’ No access Nikos Koutras
    2. End users/consumers No access Nikos Koutras
    3. Institutional users No access Nikos Koutras
    4. Authors/performers No access Nikos Koutras
    5. Publishers/producers/broadcasters No access Nikos Koutras
    6. Intermediaries/distributors/other service provider No access Nikos Koutras
  6. VI. Assessment No access Nikos Koutras
  7. VII. Conclusion No access Nikos Koutras
  8. ANNEX 1 – Type of respondents No access Nikos Koutras
  9. ANNEX 2 – Member States No access Nikos Koutras
1. Wim Voermans
  1. I. Introduction: National Parliament (enter)in(g) the EU’s institutional framework No access Wim Voermans
  2. Wim Voermans
    1. Exerting influence on the transposition of EU Directives No access Wim Voermans
    2. Wim Voermans
      1. 1. Input for the position of the executive No access Wim Voermans
      2. 2. ‘Cards’ No access Wim Voermans
      3. 3. Political dialogue No access Wim Voermans
  3. III. National Parliaments and the transposition of EU Directives No access Wim Voermans
  4. IV. National Parliaments & comitology No access Wim Voermans
  5. V. Key points and observations No access Wim Voermans
  6. Annex 1 EU Legislation enacted by the Commission No access Wim Voermans
2. Rui Lanceiro
  1. I. The interconnection between national and EU legal drafting No access Rui Lanceiro
  2. II. A “de facto” harmonization of legal drafting techniques in the EU? No access Rui Lanceiro
  3. III. Then… How to reconcile the drafting rules and practices of the Member-States with the rules and practices of the EU? No access Rui Lanceiro
3. Ruben de Graaff, Dorine J. Verheij
  1. I. Introduction No access Ruben de Graaff, Dorine J. Verheij
  2. II. Harmonisation through Directives No access Ruben de Graaff, Dorine J. Verheij
  3. III. Harmonisation through Regulations No access Ruben de Graaff, Dorine J. Verheij
  4. IV. Clarity, Accessibility and Consistency No access Ruben de Graaff, Dorine J. Verheij
  5. V. Dealing with Regulations No access Ruben de Graaff, Dorine J. Verheij
  6. VI. Concluding Remarks No access Ruben de Graaff, Dorine J. Verheij
4. Jeroen Van Nieuwenhove
  1. I. Introduction No access Jeroen Van Nieuwenhove
  2. II. Transition from Directive 95/46/EC to the GDPR No access Jeroen Van Nieuwenhove
  3. III. The GDPR is not the ultimate exhaustive regulation No access Jeroen Van Nieuwenhove
  4. IV. Further complications on the Member State level caused by the GDPR No access Jeroen Van Nieuwenhove
  5. V. Delays in the implementation process No access Jeroen Van Nieuwenhove
  6. VI. Conclusion No access Jeroen Van Nieuwenhove
1. Stephan Naundorf
  1. I. Introduction No access Stephan Naundorf
  2. II. Law-makers intend to change the future No access Stephan Naundorf
  3. III. Law-makers provide innovation for huge, diverse though interested audiences No access Stephan Naundorf
  4. IV. Multilevel legal environments in a sharing world No access Stephan Naundorf
1. The Editors No access Pages 311 - 312
2. The Authors No access Pages 313 - 317