Open Justice

Burkhard Hess; Ana Koprivica Harvey

doi:10.5771/9783845297620

Summary

Das Open Justice-Konzept ist weithin als Bestandteil der Rechtsstaatlichkeit anerkannt und ist für das Funktionieren demokratischer Gesellschaften unerlässlich. Grundlegend für die Norm ist die Einbeziehung der Öffentlichkeit bei gerichtlichen Verfahren. Im Zeitalter der Informationstechnologie, digitaler Medien und der Transformation dessen, was als Öffentlichkeit definiert werden kann, stellt sich die Frage nach der Offenheit neu:

Welche Rolle spielen Gerichte angesichts der zunehmenden Privatisierung von Rechtsprechung? Wie ist das Spannungsverhältnis von Offenheit und populistischer Bewegungen zu bewerten, die die Unabhängigkeit der Justiz zu untergraben drohen? Die Autorinnen und Autoren bieten neue Ansätze für Open Justice in Zeiten des Wandels.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2019
Publication date: 08.03.2019
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-5585-1
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-9762-0
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law
Volume: 13
Language: English
Pages: 316
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 8
Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
1. 1. Introduction No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
2. Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
  1. 2.1. The Terminology No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
  2. 2.2. Constitutional Guarantees No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
  3. 2.3. Various Aspects of Open Justice No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
3. Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
  1. 3.1. Technological Developments No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
  2. Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
    1. 3.2.1. ‘Internal’ Privatisation No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
    2. 3.3.2. ‘External’ Privatisation No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
    3. 3.2.3. A Two-Way Street: The ‘Public’ and the ‘Private’ Intertwined No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
  3. 3.3. Political Challenges No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
4. Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
  1. Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
    1. 4.1.1. National Courts No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
    2. 4.1.2. International Courts and Tribunals No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
  2. 4.2. Digital Justice: Video-conferencing and ‘Online Courts’ No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
  3. 4.3. Visibility of Courts: Communicating Justice to the Public No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
5. 5. Concluding Remarks No access Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey
Maciej Szpunar
1. 1. Introduction No access Maciej Szpunar
2. 2. Background No access Maciej Szpunar
3. 3. Meaning and Scope of the Right to a Public Hearing No access Maciej Szpunar
4. 4. No Absolute Nature of the Right to a Public Hearing No access Maciej Szpunar
5. 5. TV in the Courtroom No access Maciej Szpunar
6. 6. Public Hearings before the Court of Justice No access Maciej Szpunar
7. 7. Concluding Remarks No access Maciej Szpunar
Cécile Chainais
1. Cécile Chainais
  1. 1.1 The Influence of the Principle of Public Access to Hearings No access Cécile Chainais
  2. 1.2 The new Implications of the Principle of Public Access to Hearings in the Information Age No access Cécile Chainais
  3. 1.3 Conflict between the Principle of Public Access to Hearings and other Fundamental Rights No access Cécile Chainais
  4. 1.4 Acuteness of the Question No access Cécile Chainais
  5. 1.5 Counterproductive Effects of Open Access No access Cécile Chainais
  6. 1.6 Against an outdated Interpretation of Publicity No access Cécile Chainais
  7. 1.7 Seeking a balanced Solution No access Cécile Chainais
  8. 1.8 Plan No access Cécile Chainais
2. Cécile Chainais
  1. 2.1 The Use of Technology within Proceedings profoundly modifies them. No access Cécile Chainais
  2. 2.2 Purely and simply dispensing with Hearings? No access Cécile Chainais
  3. 2.3 A New Form of Hearing or the End of the Traditional Judicial Ritual? No access Cécile Chainais
  4. 2.4 The Preservation of an Oral Hearing within a New Judicial Ritual No access Cécile Chainais
  5. 2.5 Recording Hearings No access Cécile Chainais
3. Cécile Chainais
  1. Cécile Chainais
    1. 3.1.1 Aspects of the principle of publicity No access Cécile Chainais
    2. 3.1.2 The renewed conception of the ‘public aspect’ of the principle of publicity No access Cécile Chainais
    3. 3.1.3 Competing conceptions of publicity: from the principle of ‘physical courtroom’ public access to the principle of ‘electronic worldwide’ public access to hearings No access Cécile Chainais
    4. 3.1.4 The modern courtroom, a new panopticon? No access Cécile Chainais
    5. 3.1.5 Examples No access Cécile Chainais
  2. Cécile Chainais
    1. 3.2.1 Questions raised by the figure of the panopticon No access Cécile Chainais
    2. 3.2.2 Publicity as a threat No access Cécile Chainais
    3. 3.2.3 Competing conceptions of privacy: modern redefinition of the right to privacy No access Cécile Chainais
    4. 3.2.4 The new nuisance potential of the principle of open justice in the information technology age No access Cécile Chainais
    5. 3.2.5 A risk of diverting the traditional functions of publicity No access Cécile Chainais
4. Cécile Chainais
  1. Cécile Chainais
    1. Cécile Chainais
      1. 4.1.1.1 The variety of approaches of the systems with a prohibition No access Cécile Chainais
      2. 4.1.1.2 Exceptional authorisation for educational purposes No access Cécile Chainais
      3. 4.1.1.3 Exceptional authorisation to film a case No access Cécile Chainais
    2. 4.1.2 Systems with a principle of presumption of authorisation No access Cécile Chainais
  2. Cécile Chainais
    1. 4.2.1 The necessity for a common framework where the recording is institutional No access Cécile Chainais
    2. 4.2.2 Institutional duty to protect the parties' rights No access Cécile Chainais
    3. 4.2.3 Guidelines for recording by media outlets or private individuals No access Cécile Chainais
    4. 4.2.4 Example of the balance to be struck between trade secrets and open justice No access Cécile Chainais
    5. 4.2.5 Proportionality test No access Cécile Chainais
    6. 4.2.6 The requirement to give reasons No access Cécile Chainais
5. 5. Conclusion: a Right in Light and Shade No access Cécile Chainais
Robert Magnus
1. 1. Introduction No access Robert Magnus
2. Robert Magnus
  1. 2.1. Video Conferences and Video Interrogations of Witnesses and Experts No access Robert Magnus
  2. 2.2. Video and Audio Recordings of the Hearing for the Internal Use of the Parties and the Court No access Robert Magnus
  3. 2.3. The Use of Electronic Devices in the Audience No access Robert Magnus
  4. 2.4. Privileged Entrance for Members of the Media to the Courtroom No access Robert Magnus
3. Robert Magnus
  1. 3.1. Live Recordings of Public Hearings on Television or on the Internet No access Robert Magnus
  2. 3.2. Official Websites of the Judicial Branch in the Internet No access Robert Magnus
4. 4. Summary No access Robert Magnus
Public Hearings in Civil Proceedings: From the Perspective of a Luxembourgish Judge No access Pages 97 - 102 Jean-Claude Wiwinius
Katrin Gierhake
1. 1. Introduction No access Katrin Gierhake
2. Katrin Gierhake
  1. Katrin Gierhake
    1. 2.1.1. Contemporary stand on the spirit and purpose of the guarantee of the principle of publicity No access Katrin Gierhake
    2. 2.1.2. The open court principle in German legal philosophy of the Enlightenment No access Katrin Gierhake
    3. 2.1.3. Inherent limitations to the principle of publicity in light of the role of the media as a justice reporter No access Katrin Gierhake
  2. 2.2. Special Features in the Context of Criminal Proceedings No access Katrin Gierhake
3. 3. Violation of the Principle of Publicity by the Introduction of ‘Negotiated Agreement’ (‘Deal’) in Germany’s Criminal Procedural Act No access Katrin Gierhake
4. 4. Final Summary No access Katrin Gierhake
The Dilemma of Open Justice in the Present Political, Social and Cultural Climate No access Pages 117 - 124 Ruth Herz
Sir Ernest Ryder
1. 1. Introduction No access Sir Ernest Ryder
2. 2. The Judiciary’s Duty to Secure Open Justice No access Sir Ernest Ryder
3. Sir Ernest Ryder
  1. 3.1. Governance No access Sir Ernest Ryder
  2. 3.2. Policy No access Sir Ernest Ryder
  3. 3.3. Reform No access Sir Ernest Ryder
4. 4. Conclusion No access Sir Ernest Ryder
Thomas Giegerich
1. 1. Constitutional Jurisdiction on the National, International and Supranational Levels – Overcoming the Counter-Majoritarian Difficulty No access Thomas Giegerich
2. Thomas Giegerich
  1. 2.1. Institutional and Operational Legitimacy: Synthesising Transparency and Effectiveness No access Thomas Giegerich
  2. 2.2. Democratic Legitimacy v Effectiveness (Independence, Impartiality and Professionalism) of Constitutional Courts No access Thomas Giegerich
  3. 2.3. Indirect Accountability of Constitutional Court Judges – The Role of Separate Opinions No access Thomas Giegerich
  4. 2.4. Contextual Question with Regard to Transparency of Selection of Judges No access Thomas Giegerich
3. Thomas Giegerich
  1. Thomas Giegerich
    1. 3.1.1. Few Constitutional Precepts and Statutory Rules No access Thomas Giegerich
    2. 3.1.2. Life Tenure and Individualised Opinions No access Thomas Giegerich
    3. 3.1.3. Appointment Authority Shared by President and Senate – Informal Involvement of American Bar Association No access Thomas Giegerich
    4. 3.1.4. Simple or Qualified Majority in the Senate? No access Thomas Giegerich
  2. Thomas Giegerich
    1. 3.2.1. Few Constitutional Precepts No access Thomas Giegerich
    2. 3.2.2. Detailed Provisions in the Federal Constitutional Court Act No access Thomas Giegerich
    3. 3.2.3. Election Process in the Federal Diet No access Thomas Giegerich
    4. 3.2.4. Effectiveness of the Appointment Process – Calls for More Transparency No access Thomas Giegerich
  3. Thomas Giegerich
    1. 3.3.1. Criteria for Office and Functions of Judges and Advocates-General No access Thomas Giegerich
    2. 3.3.2. Appointment Procedure No access Thomas Giegerich
    3. 3.3.3. Involvement of Expert Panel since 2009 (Article 255 TFEU) No access Thomas Giegerich
    4. 3.3.4. Preselection Process in Germany: Finding Suitable Nominees No access Thomas Giegerich
    5. 3.3.5. Need for Reform of an Appointment Procedure Conflicting with Independence No access Thomas Giegerich
    6. 3.3.6. Reducing the Over-Federalisation and Increasing the Parliamentarisation of the Appointment Process No access Thomas Giegerich
  4. Thomas Giegerich
    1. 3.4.1. Term of Office Made Non-Renewable Only in 2010 No access Thomas Giegerich
    2. 3.4.2. Election by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) No access Thomas Giegerich
    3. 3.4.3. Criteria for Office No access Thomas Giegerich
    4. 3.4.4. European Precepts for National Nomination Processes No access Thomas Giegerich
    5. 3.4.5. Newly Established Bodies: Committee on the Election of Judges and Advisory Panel of Experts No access Thomas Giegerich
    6. 3.4.6. Necessity to Increase Transparency Further No access Thomas Giegerich
4. Thomas Giegerich
  1. 4.1. Transparency in the Context of Democratic Legitimacy and Effectiveness (Meritocracy) No access Thomas Giegerich
  2. 4.2. Transparency in the Context of Effectiveness, Supermajority Requirements and Subsidiary Appointment Mechanisms No access Thomas Giegerich
  3. 4.3. Transparency in the Context of Terms of Office, Independence and Separate Opinions No access Thomas Giegerich
  4. 4.4. Answer to the Contextual Question with Regard to Transparency of Selection of Judges No access Thomas Giegerich
Judith Resnik
1. 1. Unpacking the Terms, Concepts, and Technologies No access Judith Resnik
2. 2. Repeat Players, Asymmetries, Aspirations for Publicity, and the Risks of a Predatory Public No access Judith Resnik
3. 3. The Demand Curve, Doctrinal Openness, Functional Privatization, and the Cost of Courts No access Judith Resnik
4. 4. Reconfiguring Processes – From ADR to ODR No access Judith Resnik
5. 5. Outsourcing No access Judith Resnik
6. 6. #MeToo, Aggregation, and the Pulls and Pushes of Publicity No access Judith Resnik
John Sorabji
1. 1. Introduction No access John Sorabji
2. 2. Court Funding No access John Sorabji
3. 3. Privatising Legal Aid No access John Sorabji
4. 4. The promotion of ADR No access John Sorabji
5. 5. Conclusion – Drawing the Strands Together No access John Sorabji
Joachim Jahn
1. 1. Introduction No access Joachim Jahn
2. Joachim Jahn
  1. 2.1. Public Broadcasting No access Joachim Jahn
  2. 2.2. Press Rooms No access Joachim Jahn
  3. 2.3. Archiving No access Joachim Jahn
3. 3. Conclusion No access Joachim Jahn
Michal Bobek
1. 1. Yes, we can. But should we? No access Michal Bobek
2. 2. Web-stream, podcast, and broadcasting the courtroom on TV No access Michal Bobek
3. 3. Courts and the press (never the twain shall meet?) No access Michal Bobek
4. 4. Selection, interviews, and public hearings No access Michal Bobek
5. 5. Online justice, private justice, corporate justice No access Michal Bobek
6. 6. Data protection, anonymity, and open courts? No access Michal Bobek
About the Authors No access Pages 303 - 310
Index No access Pages 311 - 316