Representing the Absent

Prof. Dr. Hélène Ruiz Fabri; Prof. Valérie Rosoux; Dr. Alessandra Donati

doi:10.5771/9783748918646

Summary

The ‘absent’ is a notion known in most legal systems. As a legal notion, primarily used in civil law, it refers to one who has left, either temporarily or permanently, their domicile or usual place of residence or business, or whose whereabouts are not known and cannot be ascertained by diligent effort. And yet, the absent may have a family, own a business or property, for whom or which life has to go on. Being absent does not mean having no interest or stake. However, one recurring related issue is determining who can legally speak in the name of, or represent the absent. The book takes root in this idea and widens it by considering the issue of the representation of all those who are not there now, stretching from those who are not there anymore because they have disappeared, to those who are not there yet, because they have not yet appeared. Past and future generations are not only emblematic of both ends of the spectrum but also of the fact that absents can indeed have interests and would therefore need someone to speak in their name/represent them.With contributions byMarcos de Armenteras Cabot | Silvia Bagni | Ludvig Beckman | Carlos J. Bichet Nicoletti | Michele Carducci | Alessandra Donati | Fritz Gillerke | Alexandra R. Harrington | Elena Ivanova | Fé de Jonge | Luis A. López Zamora | Lily Martinet | Yumiko Nakanishi | Stipe Odak | Sandra M. Rios Oyola | Valérie Rosoux | Hélène Ruiz Fabri | Kritika Sharma | Luisa Cortat Simonetti Gonçalves | Marta Torre-Schaub | Rudolf Schuessler | Marcel Szabó | I William Zartman

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2023
Publication date: 18.10.2023
ISBN-Print: 978-3-7560-1337-1
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-1864-6
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law
Volume: 27
Language: English
Pages: 496
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisPages 1 - 8 Download chapter (PDF)
Alessandra Donati, Valérie Rosoux, Hélène Ruiz Fabri Download chapter (PDF)
1. Specificity of the Book
2. Taking the Longue Durée Seriously
3. Outlines of the Book
Stipe Odak Download chapter (PDF)
1. Introduction
2. 1. The Present Absent
3. 2. The Past Absent
4. 3. The Future Absent
5. 1. 4.1. Every Generation Is a Separate Nation
6. 5. How Do We Represent the Past Absent?
7. Conclusion: Limits and Scopes of Representation
Kritika Sharma Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Recognition of Victimhood Through the Generations by the International Criminal Court (ICC): Introduction
2. 1. 2.1. Recognition as a Victim and the Resultant Consequences
  2. 1. 2.2.1. Legal Standing of Deceased Persons as ‘Victims’
    2. 2.2.2. Resumption of Action on Behalf of a Deceased Victim
  3. 1. 2.3.1. Direct Versus Indirect Victims
    2. 2.3.2. Types of Harm
3. 1. 3.1. Victims of a Situation Versus Victims of a Crime
  2. 3.2. Difference in Legal Status Based on the Category of Crime and Underlying Acts
  3. 3.3. Children Born out of Rape and Sexual Slavery as Victims at the ICC
4. 4. Recognising the Past and the Future – Recognition of ‘Intergenerational Victimhood’: Conclusion
Carlos J. Bichet Nicoletti Download chapter (PDF)
1. Introduction
2. 1. 1.1. Victims in the Inter-American System of Human Rights
  2. 1.2. Victims in the European System of Human Rights
  3. 1.3. Victims in the African System of Human Rights
  4. 1.4. The ‘Absent Victim’ and Human Rights Adjudication
3. 1. 2.1. Guarantees of Non-Repetition and Absent Victims
  2. 2.2. Pilot Judgements: Structural Decisions for Future Victims
4. Conclusions
Fé de Jonge Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Introduction
2. 2. Conflict as Property
3. 1. 3.1. Organisation
  2. 3.2. Presentation
  3. 3.3. Accessibility
4. 4. Restoring the Balance
5. 5. Conclusion
Sandra M. Rios Oyola Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Introduction
2. 2. Enforced Disappearance, and Social Disappearance
3. 3. International Framework regarding the definition of Enforced Disappearance
4. 4. Domestic Legislation: the Colombian Case
5. 5. The Social Effects of Enforced Disappearance
6. 6. Representing the Disappeared Victims’ Absence
7. 7. Conclusion
Lily Martinet Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. The Need to Bridge Cultural Property with Cultural Heritage
2. 2. Going Beyond a State-centric Framework
3. 3. The Absence of Nuances in an Ownership Framework
4. 4. Mainstreaming the Framework Built for Indigenous People
5. 5. Putting Future Generations at the Heart of the Process
6. Conclusion
Valérie Rosoux Download chapter (PDF)
1. Introduction
2. 1. Glorifying and Silencing the Past
3. 1. 2.1. Agenda-setting: No Zone of Potential Agreement
  2. 2.2. Parties: Who can Speak on Behalf of the Absents?
  3. 2.3. Principles of Justice to Find their Rightful Place
4. 3. When Past and Present Devour Each Other
5. Epilogue: When Memory Overflows
I William Zartman Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Making the Absents Present in the United States
2. 2. Making Absents Present in Africa
3. 3. Referent Principles
4. 4. Never Again
Alexandra R. Harrington Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Introduction
2. 1. 1. 2.1.1. Implicit References to Children, Young Adults and Future Generations
3. 1. 3.1. References to Children and Young Adults
  2. 3.2. Implicit References to Children, Young Adults and Future Generations
  3. 3.3. Implicit References to Intergenerational Equity and Intergenerational Justice
4. 4. Conclusions
Yumiko Nakanishi Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Introduction
2. 1. 2.1. Why Should Rights Be Discussed?
  2. 1. 2.2.1. Explicit Fundamental Rights of Future Generations
    2. 2.2.2. Implicit Fundamental Rights of Future Generations
  3. 2.3. The Rights of Future Generations in Intergenerational Relations
  4. 1. 2.4.1. Transfer of Rights of Future Generations to the Present Generation
    2. 2.4.2. Climate Change Litigation
3. 1. 3.1. Why Should States take Future Generations into Consideration?
  2. 1. 3.2.1. The Duty of Care from National Law
    2. 3.2.2. Public Trust Doctrine
    3. 3.2.3. Human Rights
    4. 3.2.4. Protective Obligation from Fundamental Rights in the Constitution
    5. 3.2.5. Intertemporal Guarantees of Freedom
    6. 3.2.6. Obligations from the Paris Agreement
    7. 3.2.7. Etat de droit
    8. 3.2.8. The Environmental Charter in France
4. 1. 4.1. The Present Generation and Future Generations
  2. 1. 4.2.1. Explicit Obligations of the Present Generations Towards Future Generations
    2. 4.2.2. Obligations of Companies as the Present Generation
5. 5. Concluding Remarks
Alessandra Donati Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Introduction
2. 2. The Principle of Sustainable Development
3. 3. The Precautionary Principle
4. 4. The Principle of Solidarity Between Generations
5. 5. The Principle of Non-regression
6. 6. Conclusion
Luisa Cortat Simonetti Gonçalves Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Introduction
2. 2. The Greening of the Inter-American System
3. 1. 3.1. Brief Note on the Criticism of the Environmental Control by the Inter-American Court
4. 1. a) Sustainable Development
  2. b) Prevention
  3. c) Precaution
  4. d) Cooperation
  5. e) Temporal Non-Discrimination and Institutional Continuity
5. 5. Concluding Remarks
Marta Torre-Schaub, Marcos de Armenteras Cabot Download chapter (PDF)
1. Introduction
2. 1. 1. 1.1.1. The Oposa Minors Case as a Landmark Illustration
    2. 1.1.2. The Added Value of Standing for Future Generations
  2. 1. 1.2.1. The Real Utility of Representing the Future Generations in Climate Case Law
    2. 1.2.2. The Legitimacy of Representing Future Generations
3. 1. 1. 2.1.1. Using Constitutional Rights to Protect the Future
    2. 2.1.2. Consolidating Intergenerational Justice
  2. 2.2. Using National Plans and Programs to Protect Future Interests
  3. 1. 2.3.1. Asserting Environmental Principles to Protect Future Generations’ Interests
    2. 2.3.2. How Duties and Rights Can Defend Future Interests
4. Concluding Remarks
Elena Ivanova Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Introduction
2. 1. 1. 2.1.1. Due Diligence Obligation
    2. 2.1.2. Preservation of the Environment – Maintaining and Improving the Present Condition
    3. 2.1.3. Erga Omnes
  2. 2.2. Conservation of Living Resources in the light of Articles 61 (2), 62 (4), 117
  3. 1. 2.3.1. Conservation of the Living Resources as an Element in the Protection and Preservation of the Environment
    2. 2.3.2. Implications
  4. 2.4. The Precautionary Approach
3. 1. 1. 3.1.1. UNCLOS III
  2. 1. 3.2.1. Legal Status: Prohibition of Private and Public Appropriation or Sovereignty
    2. 1. (a) The Authority – a Means for Achieving International Cooperation and International Management
      2. (b) Intertemporal Dimension
4. 1. 4.1. Disputes Concerning Activities in the Area
  2. 4.2. Environmental Disputes
  3. 4.3. Advisory Jurisdiction
  4. 4.4. Locus Standi
5. 5. Conclusion
Rudolf Schuessler, Fritz Gillerke Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Principles for the Ascription of Voting Rights in Democracies
2. 2. Narrow ASP and the Voting Rights of Future Citizens
3. 3. Conclusion
Ludvig Beckman Download chapter (PDF)
1. Introduction
2. 1. Future Generations and Democratic Legitimacy
3. 1. 2.1. Inclusion
  2. 2.2. Constitutional Power
4. 3. The Importance of Constitutional Power
5. 1. 4.1. Future Generations as ‘Constituent Power’
  2. 4.2. Future Generations as the Legal Sovereign
6. 5. Conclusions
Marcel Szabó Download chapter (PDF)
1. Introduction
2. 1. 1.1. The Constitutional Framework Established by the Hungarian Fundamental Law
  2. 1.2. The Hungarian Deputy Commissioner for Fundamental Rights and Ombudsman for Future Generations
  3. 1.3. The Legal Relationship between the Ombudsman for Future Generations and the Constitutional Court
3. 2. Behind the Institution – Theoretical Considerations Regarding the Legal Personality of Future Generations
4. 3. The Interests of Future Generations in International Law
5. 1. 4.1. Ethical Aspects
  2. 4.2. Economic Aspects
  3. 4.3. Legal Aspects Flowing from the Ethical and Economic Aspects
6. 5. Concluding Remarks
Silvia Bagni, Michele Carducci Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Introduction
2. 2. Step One: Defining the Absent in Broader Terms
3. 3. ‘Natural Time’ as the Key Dimension for Understanding the Absent as Nature
4. 4. Current International Regulation on Climate Change: Nature as a Stone Guest
5. 5. Step Two: Identifying the Subjective Rights of the Absent
6. 6. Sympoietic Heuristics and the Legal Status of Nature as a Subject
7. 7. The Relational Approach to the Law as a Methodology to Reconcile the Concept of ‘Right’ with Sympoietic Heuristics
8. 1. 8.1. The Grundnorm of the Integrity of the ES and new Conflict Resolution Rules
  2. 8.2. Introducing Science-Based Processes of Democratic Decision-Making and the Ecological Analysis of Law
9. 9. Conclusion
Luis A. López Zamora Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Introduction
2. 2. Setting the Stage: The Rights of Nature and the Rights of Future Generations as Distinctive Discourses
3. 1. 3.1. On the Dilution of the Monopoly of Human Legal Subjectivity in the Region
  2. 1. 3.2.1. The Case of Ecuador
    2. 3.2.2. The Case of Bolivia
    3. 3.2.3. The Case of Colombia
4. 1. 4.1. Recognising Nature’s Legal Subjectivity to Grant it Access to Constitutional Procedures
  2. 4.2. The Recognition of Nature and its Role in Making the Legal Personality of Future Generations Work
5. 5. Conclusions