Public and Private Enforcement of Consumer Law – Insights for Luxembourg

Dr. Stephanie Law; Dr. Vincent Richard

doi:10.5771/9783748929888

Summary

Eine zentrale Herausforderung des Verbraucherschutzes ist der Übertrag und die wirksame Durchsetzung des EU-Verbraucherrechts in nationale Rechtsordnungen. Die vergleichende Studie untersucht jüngsten Entwicklungen im EU-Verbraucherrecht anhand der rechtlichen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen für die Rechtsdurchsetzung in sechs europäischen Rechtsordnungen. Dabei bewerten die Autoren kritisch die Parameter des öffentlichen und privaten institutionellen Rahmens für die Durchsetzung des Verbraucherrechts auf EU- und nationaler Ebene.Mit Beiträgen vonInga Järvekülg, Dr. Stephanie Law, Dr. Janek Nowak, Dr. Vincent Richard und Thomas Thamm.

Keywords

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2021
Publication date: 14.09.2021
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-8568-1
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-2988-8
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law
Volume: 24
Language: English
Pages: 504
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 12
Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
1. I. Introduction and Background to the Project No access Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
2. Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  1. a. National Report-based Methodology and Legal Orders Chosen No access Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  2. b. Workshop of 13 December 2019 No access Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
3. Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  1. a. Fragmentation and Complexity of Consumer Law in National Legal Systems No access Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  2. b. The (In)adequacy of Judicial Enforcement No access Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
4. Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  1. a. What can we learn from the diverse approaches adopted in different Member States? No access Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  2. b. Compensation of damages suffered by consumers through private enforcement No access Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  3. c. Collective Redress No access Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  4. d. Public Enforcement No access Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  5. e. The Rise of Consumer Mediation No access Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
5. V. Conclusion No access Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
Vincent Richard
1. Vincent Richard
  1. Vincent Richard
    1. 1.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? No access Vincent Richard
  2. Vincent Richard
    1. 2.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? No access Vincent Richard
  3. Vincent Richard
    1. Vincent Richard
      1. Constitutional or Fundamental Right: No access Vincent Richard
      2. Influence of EU Law: No access Vincent Richard
      3. Coherence: No access Vincent Richard
  4. Vincent Richard
    1. 4.1. What are the current key focal points of consumer policy? No access Vincent Richard
    2. 4.2. What shifts (if any) have occurred in consumer policy during the past fifteen years? No access Vincent Richard
2. Vincent Richard
  1. Vincent Richard
    1. The Ministry of Consumers/Economy: No access Vincent Richard
    2. 1.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? No access Vincent Richard
    3. 1.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? No access Vincent Richard
    4. Vincent Richard
      1. Consumer Mediation Evaluation and Control Commission (Commission d’évaluation et de contrôle de la médiation de la consommation, CECMC): No access Vincent Richard
  2. Vincent Richard
    1. 2.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? No access Vincent Richard
    2. 2.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? No access Vincent Richard
    3. 2.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? No access Vincent Richard
  3. Vincent Richard
    1. 3.1. If so, in what sectors? No access Vincent Richard
    2. 3.2. What mechanisms have been established? No access Vincent Richard
    3. 3.3. Why have specific enforcement mechanisms been established in these sectors? No access Vincent Richard
3. Vincent Richard
  1. Vincent Richard
    1. General Directorate for Competition Policy, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF): No access Vincent Richard
    2. National Consumers Institute (INC): No access Vincent Richard
    3. Unfair terms commission (CCA): No access Vincent Richard
    4. National Consumers Council (CNC): No access Vincent Richard
    5. Consumer mediation evaluation and control commission (CECMC): No access Vincent Richard
  2. Vincent Richard
    1. Financial Market Regulator (AMF): No access Vincent Richard
    2. Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority (ACPR): No access Vincent Richard
    3. Energy Regulator (CRE): No access Vincent Richard
    4. Competition Regulator: No access Vincent Richard
    5. National Council of Food (CNA): No access Vincent Richard
    6. Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES): No access Vincent Richard
    7. National Agency for the Safety of Health Products (ANSM): No access Vincent Richard
    8. National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing (LNE): No access Vincent Richard
    9. Electronic Communication and Postal Services Regulator (ARCEP): No access Vincent Richard
    10. Advertising Regulation Authority (ARPP) No access Vincent Richard
    11. Commission on Information Technology and Liberties (CNIL): No access Vincent Richard
    12. Superior Council of Broadcasting (CSA): No access Vincent Richard
  3. 3. Are these authorities also responsible for other areas of law beyond consumer protection (e.g. competition, environmental law)? No access Vincent Richard
  4. 4. What is the legal basis of this authority/each of these authorities? No access Vincent Richard
  5. Vincent Richard
    1. Vincent Richard
      1. Financial Market Regulator (AMF): No access Vincent Richard
      2. Unfair terms commission (CCA): No access Vincent Richard
      3. Electronic communication and postal services Regulator (ARCEP): No access Vincent Richard
      4. Energy Regulator (CRE): No access Vincent Richard
      5. Competition Regulator: No access Vincent Richard
      6. Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES): No access Vincent Richard
      7. National Agency for the Safety of Health Products (ANSM): No access Vincent Richard
      8. Advertising Regulation Authority (ARPP): No access Vincent Richard
      9. Superior Council of the Audiovisual (CSA): No access Vincent Richard
    2. Vincent Richard
      1. General Directorate for Competition Policy, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF): No access Vincent Richard
      2. National Consumers Institute (INC): No access Vincent Richard
      3. Unfair Terms Commission (CCA): No access Vincent Richard
      4. National Consumers Council (CNC): No access Vincent Richard
      5. Consumer Mediation Evaluation and Control Commission (CECMC): No access Vincent Richard
      6. Financial Market Regulator (AMF): No access Vincent Richard
      7. Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority (ACPR): No access Vincent Richard
      8. Energy Regulator (CRE): No access Vincent Richard
      9. Competition Regulator: No access Vincent Richard
      10. National Council of Food (CNA): No access Vincent Richard
      11. Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES): No access Vincent Richard
      12. National Agency for the Safety of Health Products (ANSM): No access Vincent Richard
      13. National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing (LNE): No access Vincent Richard
      14. Electronic Communication and Postal Services Regulator (ARCEP): No access Vincent Richard
      15. Advertising Regulation authority (ARPP): No access Vincent Richard
      16. Commission on Information Technology and Liberties (CNIL): No access Vincent Richard
      17. Superior Council of Broadcasting (CSA): No access Vincent Richard
  6. 6. How are issues of consumer law brought before these authorities? No access Vincent Richard
  7. Vincent Richard
    1. 7.1. Do they have powers to investigate? And compel testimony, documents etc? No access Vincent Richard
    2. 7.2. Can they adopt preliminary measures? No access Vincent Richard
    3. 7.3. What remedies are available if a breach of consumer law is identified? No access Vincent Richard
    4. 7.4. What sanctions can be imposed if a breach of consumer law is identified? (e.g. fines, prohibition of business activities?) No access Vincent Richard
    5. 7.5. Are other outcomes available (e.g. commitments by traders)? No access Vincent Richard
    6. 7.6. Can they initiate civil law claims on behalf of consumers? No access Vincent Richard
    7. Vincent Richard
      1. General Directorate for Competition Policy, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF): No access Vincent Richard
      2. Financial Market Regulator (AMF): No access Vincent Richard
      3. Competition Regulator: No access Vincent Richard
      4. Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority (ACPR): No access Vincent Richard
      5. National Agency for the Safety of Health Products (ANSM): No access Vincent Richard
      6. Commission on Information Technology and Liberties (CNIL): No access Vincent Richard
      7. Superior Council of the Broadcasting (CSA): No access Vincent Richard
  8. 8. Are the same administrative authorities responsible for cross-border enforcement of consumer law under the CPC Regulation? No access Vincent Richard
  9. 9. What are their powers in cross-border violations of consumer law? Are they equivalent to a domestic situation? No access Vincent Richard
  10. 10. How do they cooperate with authorities in the same Member State? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) No access Vincent Richard
  11. 11. How do they cooperate with authorities in other Member States? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) No access Vincent Richard
  12. 12. Are the remedies, sanctions and other outcomes available considered to be adequate? No access Vincent Richard
  13. 13. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Vincent Richard
4. Vincent Richard
  1. Vincent Richard
    1. 1.1. Is it a court with general jurisdiction? No access Vincent Richard
    2. 1.2. Is there a specialised court or tribunal for consumer disputes? No access Vincent Richard
  2. Vincent Richard
    1. Jurisdiction: No access Vincent Richard
    2. Simplified procedure: No access Vincent Richard
    3. Standard of proof: No access Vincent Richard
    4. Role of the judge: No access Vincent Richard
    5. Expedited procedure for uncontested claims: No access Vincent Richard
  3. 3. Are normal civil law remedies available for consumer law claims? No access Vincent Richard
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Vincent Richard
5. Vincent Richard
  1. 1. Does a mechanism for judicial collective redress exist? No access Vincent Richard
  2. Vincent Richard
    1. Vincent Richard
      1. Consumers’ collective redress (Law of 2014): No access Vincent Richard
      2. Simplified collective redress: No access Vincent Richard
    2. 2.2. Can individuals initiate collective redress? No access Vincent Richard
    3. 2.3. How are collective redress actions funded? No access Vincent Richard
  3. Vincent Richard
    1. Vincent Richard
      1. Art. R811–1: No access Vincent Richard
      2. Art. R811–7: No access Vincent Richard
    2. 3.2. Can you provide some examples of such entities? No access Vincent Richard
  4. Vincent Richard
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? No access Vincent Richard
  5. 5. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Vincent Richard
6. Vincent Richard
  1. 1. What consumer organisation(s) exist in your Member State? No access Vincent Richard
  2. Vincent Richard
    1. 2.1. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for consumer organisations to be established as such? No access Vincent Richard
    2. 2.2. If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Vincent Richard
  3. Vincent Richard
    1. 3.1. Do they work with administrative authorities? Can they report violations to such authorities? No access Vincent Richard
    2. 3.2. Can they bring collective redress actions before courts? No access Vincent Richard
    3. Vincent Richard
      1. Joint representative action: No access Vincent Richard
      2. Consumer collective interests’ actions: No access Vincent Richard
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Vincent Richard
7. Vincent Richard
  1. Vincent Richard
    1. Arbitration: No access Vincent Richard
    2. Ombudsperson: No access Vincent Richard
    3. Conciliation No access Vincent Richard
    4. Mediation No access Vincent Richard
    5. Consumer Mediation Evaluation and Control Commission (CECMC): No access Vincent Richard
  2. 2. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for ADR entities to be established as such? If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Vincent Richard
  3. Vincent Richard
    1. Public mediators No access Vincent Richard
    2. Private Mediators No access Vincent Richard
    3. Mediators belonging to a federation or an organisation No access Vincent Richard
    4. Organisations or societies of mediators No access Vincent Richard
    5. Collegial mediators No access Vincent Richard
  4. 4. How do ADR mechanisms operate in a cross-border context? No access Vincent Richard
  5. 5. Can collective claims be dealt with via ADR? No access Vincent Richard
  6. 6. Are ADR mechanisms considered to be effective? No access Vincent Richard
  7. Vincent Richard
    1. Best practices: No access Vincent Richard
    2. Obstacles: No access Vincent Richard
8. Vincent Richard
  1. 1. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in individual actions? No access Vincent Richard
  2. 2. Taking into consideration the Enforcement and Modernisation of Consumer Law “Omnibus” Directive (not yet published in the Official Journal), how is it anticipated that this Directive will be implem... No access Vincent Richard
  3. 3. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in collective actions? No access Vincent Richard
  4. Vincent Richard
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency if simultaneous actions are launched? No access Vincent Richard
  5. Vincent Richard
    1. 5.1. Are there rules on pendency? No access Vincent Richard
  6. 6. How do ADR mechanisms relate to judicial and administrative enforcement? No access Vincent Richard
  7. 7. How is the institutional framework designed to ensure that with sequentiality, even if mandatory, that access to court is not precluded? So as to be compatible with Art 47? No access Vincent Richard
9. IX. Open responses No access Vincent Richard
10. Vincent Richard
  1. 1. How many judgements of a consumer protection-related nature were rendered by courts in 2015–2018? No access Vincent Richard
  2. 2. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by public (administrative) enforcement agencies between 2015–2018? No access Vincent Richard
  3. 3. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by ADR bodies between 2015–2018? No access Vincent Richard
11. Vincent Richard
  1. Volkswagen: No access Vincent Richard
  2. Unfair terms by Banks No access Vincent Richard
Janek Tomasz Nowak
1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 1.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 2.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. No constitutional right No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. EU law influence No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Lack of coherence No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 4.1. What are the current key focal points of consumer policy? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 4.2. What shifts (if any) have occurred in consumer policy during the past fifteen years? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 1.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 1.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. 1.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 2.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 2.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. 2.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 3.1. If so, in what sectors? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 3.2. What mechanisms have been established? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. 3.3. Why have specific enforcement mechanisms been established in these sectors? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Federal Public Service of Economy, SME’s, Self-employed and Energy – Directorate General of Economic Inspection (DG EI) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Belgian Competition Authority (BCA) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    4. Data Protection Authority (DPA) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    5. Energy market No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    6. Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products (FAMHP) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    7. Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    8. Financial services and markets authority (FSMA) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    9. Media regulators No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    10. Water (market price regulation: price control and dispute settlement) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. 2. Do these authorities differ depending on the field of consumer law? I.e. are the administrative authorities sector-specific? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. 3. Are these authorities also responsible for other areas of law beyond consumer protection (e.g. competition, environmental law)? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. 4. What is the legal basis of this authority/each of these authorities? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  5. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Independent authorities No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Fully autonomous authorities No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Quasi-autonomous authorities No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Semi-autonomous authorities No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      5. Limited autonomous authorities No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      6. Operationally autonomous authorities No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      7. Authorities within the ministry No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Directorate General of Economic Inspection No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Belgian Competition Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Belgian Institute for Postal services and Telecommunications No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Data Protection Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Federal Commission for Energy and Gas Regulation No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Financial Services and Markets Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Commission for the Regulation of the Electricity and Gas Market (Brugel) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Brussels Media Regulator: BIPT No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Brussels (drinking water supply): Brugel No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Flemish Regulatory Authority for the Electricity and Gas Market (VREG) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Flemish Media Regulator (VRM) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Flemish Environmental Agency (FEA) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
        High Council for Audio-visual Services No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      5. Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Media Council No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      6. Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Walloon Commission for Energy No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      7. Concluding remark on independence No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  6. 6. How are issues of consumer law brought before these authorities? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  7. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Economic Inspection No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Belgian Competition Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunication No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Data Protection Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      5. Federal Commission for Energy and Gas Regulation No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      6. Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      7. Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      8. Financial Services and Markets Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      9. Flemish media regulator No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      10. High Council for Audio-visual Services No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      11. Media Council No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Economic Inspection No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Belgian Competition Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunication No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Data Protection Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      5. Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      6. Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      7. Financial Services and Markets Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      8. Flemish Media Regulator No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      9. High Council for Audio-visual Services No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      10. Media Council No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. 7.3. What remedies are available if a breach of consumer law is identified? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Economic Inspection No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Belgian Competition Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunication No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Data Protection Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      5. Brugel No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      6. Flemish Regulatory Authority for the Electricity and Gas Market No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      7. Walloon Commission for Energy No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      8. Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      9. Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      10. Financial Services and Markets Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      11. Flemish Media Regulator No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      12. High Council for Audio-visual Services No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      13. Media Council No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    5. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Belgian Competition Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Data Protection Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Economic Inspection No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    6. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Economic Inspection No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Financial Services and Markets Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    7. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Economic Inspection No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Data Protection Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Financial Services and Markets Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  8. 8. Are the same administrative authorities responsible for cross-border enforcement of consumer law under the CPC Regulation? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  9. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Data Protection Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Belgian Institute for Postal services and Telecommunications in its capacity as media regulator of bi-communitarian mediaservices in the Region of Brussels-Capital No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. Flemish Media Regulator No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    4. Financial Services and Markets Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  10. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Belgian Institute for Postal services and Telecommunications No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Financial Services and Markets Authority No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. High Council for Audio-visual Services No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Brugel No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. Example: Cooperation in energy matters between the Federal Energy Ombudsperson and the energy regulators in matters of dispute settlement No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  11. 11. How do they cooperate with authorities in other Member States? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  12. 12. Are the remedies, sanctions and other outcomes available considered to be adequate? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  13. 13. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 1.1. Is it a court with general jurisdiction? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 1.2. Is there a specialised court or tribunal for consumer disputes? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. 2. Is there a specialised procedure to deal with consumer law claims? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. 3. Are normal civil law remedies available for consumer law claims? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
5. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. 1. Does a mechanism for judicial collective redress exist? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 2.1. How is the class constituted? (i.e. opt in or opt out)? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 2.2. Can individuals initiate collective redress? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Legal provisions on funding No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Practice No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. There are four categories of qualified entities that can bring an action for collective redress: No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. When the association is established in Belgium: No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. When the association is established abroad: No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. On the basis of Article XVII.39, 1° ELC: No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. On the basis of Article XVII.39, 2° ELC: No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  5. 5. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
6. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. 1. What consumer organisation(s) exist in your Member State? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Currently, a transitionary phase is in place: No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 2.2. If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 3.1. Do they work with administrative authorities? Can they report violations to such authorities? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 3.2. Can they bring collective redress actions before courts? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. 3.3. Can they represent individual consumers before courts? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
7. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Defining ADR No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Pre-ADR No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. ADR proper No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Public entities: No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Private entities: No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    5. Private ADR initiatives No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    6. Alternative dispute settlement by the regulator No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    7. Professional bodies No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    8. Conclusion No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. 2. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for ADR entities to be established as such? If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. 3. How are the ADR mechanisms established and run? By legislation (i.e. by the state)? Or by the trader? Private or public? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. 4. How do ADR mechanisms operate in a cross-border context? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  5. 5. Can collective claims be dealt with via ADR? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  6. 6. Are ADR mechanisms considered to be effective? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  7. 7. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
8. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. 1. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in individual actions? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. 2. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in collective actions? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 3.1. Are there rules on pendency if simultaneous actions are launched? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  5. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Relationship between consumer ADR and consumer collective redress No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Relationship between consumer ADR and individual consumer litigation No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. Relationship between consumer ADR and regulatory dispute settlement No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    4. Relationship between consumer ADR and regulatory compliance procedures No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  6. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Access to the ADR system is sequential No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. ADR and courts: non-sequential No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
9. IX. Open responses No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
10. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. 1. How many judgements of a consumer protection-related nature were rendered by courts in 2015–2018? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. It is difficult to compile these statistics for the following reasons: No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. 3. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by ADR bodies between 2015–2018? No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
11. XI. Objective legal analysis of example case studies – public and private enforcement No access Janek Tomasz Nowak
Inga Järvekülg
1. Inga Järvekülg
  1. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 1.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? No access Inga Järvekülg
  2. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 2.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? No access Inga Järvekülg
  3. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 3.1. E.g. Is consumer protection established as a fundamental or constitutional right? What is the primary influential regulatory model (EU law, international law etc.)? Is it characterised by fragmen... No access Inga Järvekülg
  4. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 4.1. What are the current key focal points of consumer policy? No access Inga Järvekülg
    2. 4.2. What shifts (if any) have occurred in consumer policy during the past fifteen years? No access Inga Järvekülg
2. Inga Järvekülg
  1. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 1.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? No access Inga Järvekülg
    2. 1.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? No access Inga Järvekülg
    3. 1.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? No access Inga Järvekülg
  2. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 2.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? No access Inga Järvekülg
    2. 2.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? No access Inga Järvekülg
    3. 2.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? No access Inga Järvekülg
  3. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 3.1. If so, in what sectors? No access Inga Järvekülg
    2. 3.2. What mechanisms have been established? No access Inga Järvekülg
    3. 3.3. Why have specific enforcement mechanisms been established in these sectors? No access Inga Järvekülg
3. Inga Järvekülg
  1. 1. Which administrative authorities are designated primarily responsible for the enforcement of consumer law? No access Inga Järvekülg
  2. 2. Do these authorities differ depending on the field of consumer law? I.e. are the administrative authorities sector-specific? No access Inga Järvekülg
  3. 3. Are these authorities also responsible for other areas of law beyond consumer protection (e.g. competition, environmental law)? No access Inga Järvekülg
  4. 4. What is the legal basis of this authority/each of these authorities? No access Inga Järvekülg
  5. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 5.1. Is it/are they independent? No access Inga Järvekülg
    2. 5.2. How is it/are they constituted? Who are its/their members? No access Inga Järvekülg
  6. 6. How are issues of consumer law brought before these authorities? No access Inga Järvekülg
  7. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 7.1. Do they have powers to investigate? And compel testimony, documents etc? No access Inga Järvekülg
    2. 7.2. Can they adopt preliminary measures? No access Inga Järvekülg
    3. 7.3. What remedies are available if a breach of consumer law is identified? No access Inga Järvekülg
    4. 7.4. What sanctions can be imposed if a breach of consumer law is identified? (e.g. fines, prohibition of business activities?) No access Inga Järvekülg
    5. 7.5. Are other outcomes available (e.g. commitments by traders)? No access Inga Järvekülg
    6. 7.6. Can they initiate civil law claims on behalf of consumers? No access Inga Järvekülg
    7. 7.7. Can they investigate and prosecute breaches of consumer law? No access Inga Järvekülg
  8. 8. Are the same administrative authorities responsible for cross-border enforcement of consumer law under the CPC Regulation? No access Inga Järvekülg
  9. 9. What are their powers in cross-border violations of consumer law? Are they equivalent to a domestic situation? No access Inga Järvekülg
  10. 10. How do they cooperate with authorities in the same Member State? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) No access Inga Järvekülg
  11. 11. How do they cooperate with authorities in other Member States? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) No access Inga Järvekülg
  12. 12. Are the remedies, sanctions and other outcomes available considered to be adequate? No access Inga Järvekülg
  13. 13. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Inga Järvekülg
4. Inga Järvekülg
  1. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 1.1. Is it a court with general jurisdiction? No access Inga Järvekülg
    2. 1.2. Is there a specialised court or tribunal for consumer disputes? No access Inga Järvekülg
  2. 2. Is there a specialised procedure to deal with consumer law claims? No access Inga Järvekülg
  3. 3. Are normal civil law remedies available for consumer law claims? No access Inga Järvekülg
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Inga Järvekülg
5. Inga Järvekülg
  1. 1. Does a mechanism for judicial collective redress exist? No access Inga Järvekülg
  2. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 2.1. How is the class constituted? (i.e. opt in or opt out)? No access Inga Järvekülg
    2. 2.2. Can individuals initiate collective redress? No access Inga Järvekülg
    3. 2.3. How are collective redress actions funded? No access Inga Järvekülg
  3. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 3.1. What are the requirements for entities to be recognised as such? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Inga Järvekülg
    2. 3.2. Can you provide some examples of such entities? No access Inga Järvekülg
  4. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? No access Inga Järvekülg
  5. 5. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Inga Järvekülg
6. Inga Järvekülg
  1. 1. What consumer organisation(s) exist in your Member State? No access Inga Järvekülg
  2. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 2.1. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for consumer organisations to be established as such? No access Inga Järvekülg
    2. 2.2. If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Inga Järvekülg
  3. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 3.1. Do they work with administrative authorities? Can they report violations to such authorities? No access Inga Järvekülg
    2. 3.2. Can they bring collective redress actions before courts? No access Inga Järvekülg
    3. Inga Järvekülg
      1. According to § 19 Consumer Protection Act, consumer associations have the right to: No access Inga Järvekülg
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Inga Järvekülg
7. Inga Järvekülg
  1. 1. What forms of ADR mechanism exist for the enforcement of consumer protection? (conciliation, mediation, arbitration, ombudsperson, etc?) No access Inga Järvekülg
  2. 2. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for ADR entities to be established as such? If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Inga Järvekülg
  3. 3. How are the ADR mechanisms established and run? By legislation (i.e. by the state)? Or by the trader? Private or public? No access Inga Järvekülg
  4. 4. How do ADR mechanisms operate in a cross-border context? No access Inga Järvekülg
  5. 5. Can collective claims be dealt with via ADR? No access Inga Järvekülg
  6. 6. Are ADR mechanisms considered to be effective? No access Inga Järvekülg
  7. 7. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Inga Järvekülg
8. Inga Järvekülg
  1. 1. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in individual actions? No access Inga Järvekülg
  2. 2. Taking into consideration the Enforcement and Modernisation of Consumer Law “Omnibus” Directive (not yet published in the Official Journal), how is it anticipated that this Directive will be implem... No access Inga Järvekülg
  3. 3. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in collective actions? No access Inga Järvekülg
  4. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency if simultaneous actions are launched? No access Inga Järvekülg
  5. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 5.1. Are there rules on pendency? No access Inga Järvekülg
  6. 6. How do ADR mechanisms relate to judicial and administrative enforcement? No access Inga Järvekülg
  7. 7. How is the institutional framework designed to ensure that with sequentiality, even if mandatory, that access to court is not precluded? So as to be compatible with Art 47? No access Inga Järvekülg
9. IX. Open responses No access Inga Järvekülg
10. Inga Järvekülg
  1. 1. How many judgements of a consumer protection-related nature were rendered by courts in 2015–2018? No access Inga Järvekülg
  2. 2. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by public (administrative) enforcement agencies between 2015–2018? No access Inga Järvekülg
  3. 3. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by ADR bodies between 2015–2018? No access Inga Järvekülg
11. Inga Järvekülg
  1. Volkswagen scandal No access Inga Järvekülg
  2. Use of unfair terms by banks No access Inga Järvekülg
Stephanie Law
1. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. 1.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? No access Stephanie Law
  2. Stephanie Law
    1. 2.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? No access Stephanie Law
  3. Stephanie Law
    1. 3.1. E.g. Is consumer protection established as a fundamental or constitutional right? What is the primary influential regulatory model (EU law, international law etc.)? Is it characterised by fragmen... No access Stephanie Law
  4. Stephanie Law
    1. 4.1. What are the current key focal points of consumer policy? No access Stephanie Law
    2. 4.2. What shifts (if any) have occurred in consumer policy during the past fifteen years? No access Stephanie Law
2. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. 1.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? No access Stephanie Law
    2. 1.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? No access Stephanie Law
    3. 1.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? No access Stephanie Law
  2. Stephanie Law
    1. 2.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? No access Stephanie Law
    2. 2.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? No access Stephanie Law
    3. 2.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? No access Stephanie Law
3. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. A. Citizens Advice Bureau (CAB): No access Stephanie Law
    2. B. Which? No access Stephanie Law
    3. C. Resolver No access Stephanie Law
    4. A. Sector-specific Ombudspersons: No access Stephanie Law
    5. B. Chartered Trading Standards Institute and Local Authority Trading Standards Services No access Stephanie Law
    6. C. Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) and Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) No access Stephanie Law
  2. 1. Do these authorities differ depending on the field of consumer law? I.e. are the administrative authorities sector-specific? No access Stephanie Law
  3. 2. Are these authorities also responsible for other areas of law beyond consumer protection (e.g. competition, environmental law)? No access Stephanie Law
  4. 3. What is the legal basis of this authority/each of these authorities? No access Stephanie Law
  5. Stephanie Law
    1. 4.1. Is it/are they independent? No access Stephanie Law
    2. Stephanie Law
      1. TSSs: No access Stephanie Law
      2. CMA: No access Stephanie Law
      3. FCA: No access Stephanie Law
  6. Stephanie Law
    1. TSSs: No access Stephanie Law
    2. CMA: No access Stephanie Law
    3. FCA: No access Stephanie Law
  7. Stephanie Law
    1. 6.1. Do they have powers to investigate? And compel testimony, documents etc? No access Stephanie Law
    2. 6.2. Can they adopt preliminary measures? No access Stephanie Law
    3. 6.3. What remedies are available if a breach of consumer law is identified? No access Stephanie Law
    4. 6.4. What sanctions can be imposed if a breach of consumer law is identified? (e.g. fines, prohibition of business activities?) No access Stephanie Law
    5. 6.5. Are other outcomes available (e.g. commitments by traders)? No access Stephanie Law
    6. 6.6. Can they initiate civil law claims on behalf of consumers? No access Stephanie Law
    7. 6.7. Can they investigate and prosecute breaches of consumer law? No access Stephanie Law
    8. TSS: No access Stephanie Law
    9. FCA: No access Stephanie Law
    10. CMA: No access Stephanie Law
  8. 7. Are the same administrative authorities responsible for cross-border enforcement of consumer law under the CPC Regulation? No access Stephanie Law
  9. 8. What are their powers in cross-border violations of consumer law? Are they equivalent to a domestic situation? No access Stephanie Law
  10. 9. How do they cooperate with authorities in the same Member State? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) No access Stephanie Law
  11. 10. How do they cooperate with authorities in other Member States? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) No access Stephanie Law
  12. 11. Are the remedies, sanctions and other outcomes available considered to be adequate? No access Stephanie Law
4. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. 1.1. Is it a court with general jurisdiction? No access Stephanie Law
    2. 1.2. Is there a specialised court or tribunal for consumer disputes? No access Stephanie Law
  2. 2. Is there a specialised procedure to deal with consumer law claims? No access Stephanie Law
  3. 3. Are normal civil law remedies available for consumer law claims? No access Stephanie Law
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Stephanie Law
5. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. The Representative Action No access Stephanie Law
    2. The Group Litigation Order No access Stephanie Law
    3. Competition Damages Claims No access Stephanie Law
  2. Stephanie Law
    1. 2.1. How is the class constituted? (i.e. opt in or opt out)? No access Stephanie Law
    2. 2.2. Can individuals initiate collective redress? No access Stephanie Law
    3. 2.3. How are collective redress actions funded? No access Stephanie Law
  3. Stephanie Law
    1. 3.1. What are the requirements for entities to be recognised as such? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Stephanie Law
    2. 3.2. Can you provide some examples of such entities? No access Stephanie Law
  4. Stephanie Law
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? No access Stephanie Law
  5. 5. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Stephanie Law
6. Stephanie Law
  1. 1. What consumer organisation(s) exist in your Member State? No access Stephanie Law
  2. Stephanie Law
    1. 2.1. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for consumer organisations to be established as such? No access Stephanie Law
    2. 2.2. If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Stephanie Law
  3. Stephanie Law
    1. 3.1. Do they work with administrative authorities? Can they report violations to such authorities? No access Stephanie Law
    2. 3.2. Can they bring collective redress actions before courts? No access Stephanie Law
    3. 3.3. Can they represent individual consumers before courts? No access Stephanie Law
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Stephanie Law
7. Stephanie Law
  1. 1. What forms of ADR mechanism exist for the enforcement of consumer protection? (conciliation, mediation, arbitration, ombudsperson, etc?) No access Stephanie Law
  2. 2. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for ADR entities to be established as such? If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Stephanie Law
  3. 3. How are the ADR mechanisms established and run? By legislation (i.e. by the state)? Or by the trader? Private or public? No access Stephanie Law
  4. 4. How do ADR mechanisms operate in a cross-border context? No access Stephanie Law
  5. 5. Can collective claims be dealt with via ADR? No access Stephanie Law
  6. 6. Are ADR mechanisms considered to be effective? No access Stephanie Law
  7. 7. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Stephanie Law
8. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. Scope for review by courts of decisions of administrative bodies: No access Stephanie Law
    2. Forum for such review: No access Stephanie Law
    3. Examples of appeal and review: No access Stephanie Law
    4. The procedure is set out in the CPRs (Part 54): No access Stephanie Law
  2. 2. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in collective actions? No access Stephanie Law
  3. 3. Taking into consideration the Enforcement and Modernisation of Consumer Law “Omnibus” Directive (not yet published in the Official Journal), how is it anticipated that this Directive will be implem... No access Stephanie Law
  4. Stephanie Law
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency if simultaneous actions are launched? No access Stephanie Law
  5. Stephanie Law
    1. 5.1. Are there rules on pendency? No access Stephanie Law
  6. Stephanie Law
    1. ADR and judicial actions: No access Stephanie Law
  7. 7. How is the institutional framework designed to ensure that with sequentiality, even if mandatory, that access to court is not precluded? So as to be compatible with Art 47? No access Stephanie Law
9. IX. Open responses No access Stephanie Law
10. Stephanie Law
  1. 1. How many judgements of a consumer protection-related nature were rendered by courts in 2015–2018? No access Stephanie Law
  2. 2. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by public (administrative) enforcement agencies between 2015–2018? No access Stephanie Law
  3. 3. How many disputes (complaints) of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by ADR bodies between 2015–2018? No access Stephanie Law
11. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. Funding No access Stephanie Law
    2. Governmental action No access Stephanie Law
  2. Stephanie Law
    1. Unfair contract terms – judicial actions No access Stephanie Law
Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
1. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 1.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 2.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
      1. Constitutional Right or Fundamental Right: No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
      2. Influence of EU Law: No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 4.1. What are the current key focal points of consumer policy? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 4.2. What shifts (if any) have occurred in consumer policy during the past fifteen years? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
2. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 1.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 1.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. 1.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 2.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 2.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. 2.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 3.1. If so, in what sectors? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 3.2. What mechanisms have been established? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. 3.3. Why have specific enforcement mechanisms been established in these sectors? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
3. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. 1. Which administrative authorities are designated primarily responsible for the enforcement of consumer law? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. 2. Do these authorities differ depending on the field of consumer law? I.e. are the administrative authorities sector-specific? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. 3. Are these authorities also responsible for other areas of law beyond consumer protection (e.g. competition, environmental law)? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. 4. What is the legal basis of this authority/each of these authorities? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  5. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 5.1. Is it/are they independent? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 5.2. How is it/are they constituted? Who are its/their members? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  6. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. Ministry for Consumer Protection No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. Commission of Surveillance of the Financial Sector (Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier, CSSF): No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. Insurance Commissioner (Commissariat aux assurances), CAA): No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    4. The National Commission for Data Protection (La Commission nationale pour la protection des données, CNPD): No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    5. Independent Audiovisual Authority of Luxembourg (Autorité luxembourgeoise indépendante de l’audiovisuel, ALIA): No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    6. Competition Council (Conseil de la concurrence): No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    7. Luxembourg Regulation Institute, (Institut Luxembourgeois de Régulation, ILR): No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  7. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 7.1. Do they have powers to investigate? And compel testimony, documents etc? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 7.2. Can they adopt preliminary measures? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. 7.3. What remedies are available if a breach of consumer law is identified? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    4. 7.4. What sanctions can be imposed if a breach of consumer law is identified? (e.g. fines, prohibition of business activities?) No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    5. 7.5. Are other outcomes available (e.g. commitments by traders)? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    6. 7.6. Can they initiate civil law claims on behalf of consumers? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    7. 7.7. Can they investigate and prosecute breaches of consumer law? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  8. 8. Are the same administrative authorities responsible for cross-border enforcement of consumer law under the Consumer protection cooperation Regulation? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  9. 9. What are their powers in cross-border violations of consumer law? Are they equivalent to a domestic situation? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  10. 10. How do they cooperate with authorities in the same Member State? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  11. 11. How do they cooperate with authorities in other Member States? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  12. 12. Are the remedies, sanctions and other outcomes available considered to be adequate? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  13. 13. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
4. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 1.1. Is it a court with general jurisdiction? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 1.2. Is there a specialised court or tribunal for consumer disputes? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. Conditional Payment Order (Ordonnance conditionnelle de paiement – Articles 129 and following of the NCPC): No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. European order for payment (Injonction européenne de payer, Articles 49 to 49–6 NCPC and EC Regulation No 1896/2006: No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. European Small Claims Procedure ESCP (Regulation n°861/2007 and Articles 143–1 and 143–2 NCPC): No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    4. Burden and standard of proof in consumer law: No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. Injunctive relief (“action en cessation”) No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
5. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. 1. Does a mechanism for judicial collective redress exist? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 2.1. How is the class constituted? (i.e. opt in or opt out)? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 2.2. Can individuals initiate collective redress? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. 2.3. How are collective redress actions funded? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 3.1. What are the requirements for entities to be recognised as such? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 3.2. Can you provide some examples of such entities? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  5. 5. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
6. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. Union luxembourgeoise des consommateurs (ULC): No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. Automobile Club du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg a.s.b.l. No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. European Consumer Centre Luxembourg (ECC): No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 2.1. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for consumer organisations to be established as such? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 2.2. If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 3.1. Do they work with administrative authorities? Can they report violations to such authorities? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 3.2. Can they bring collective redress actions before courts? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. 3.3. Can they represent individual consumers before courts? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
7. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. 1. What forms of ADR mechanism exist for the enforcement of consumer protection? (conciliation, mediation, arbitration, ombudsperson, etc?) No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. 2. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for ADR entities to be established as such? If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. 3. How are the ADR mechanisms established and run? By legislation (i.e. by the state)? Or by the trader? Private or public? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. 4. How do ADR mechanisms operate in a cross-border context? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  5. 5. Can collective claims be dealt with via ADR? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  6. 6. Are ADR mechanisms considered to be effective? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  7. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. List of qualified ADR entities in consumer law: No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. Other ADR entities that are not considered as qualified entities in consumer law No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. Legal rules applicable to mediation in general: No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    4. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
      1. Enforceability of the mediation agreement No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    5. Scope of consumer mediation: No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
8. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. 1. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in individual actions? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. 2. Taking into consideration the Enforcement and Modernisation of Consumer Law “Omnibus” Directive (not yet published in the Official Journal), how is it anticipated that this Directive will be implem... No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. 3. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in collective actions? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency if simultaneous actions are launched? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  5. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 5.1. Are there rules on pendency? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  6. 6. How do ADR mechanisms relate to judicial and administrative enforcement? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  7. 7. How is the institutional framework designed to ensure that with sequentiality, even if mandatory, that access to court is not precluded? So as to be compatible with Art 47? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
9. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. 1. How many judgements of a consumer protection-related nature were rendered by courts in 2015–2018? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. 2. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by public (administrative) enforcement agencies between 2015–2018? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. 3. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by ADR bodies between 2015–2018? No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. Notes on cross-border ADR: No access Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
Thomas W. Thamm
1. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 1.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  2. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 2.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  3. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 3.1. E.g. Is consumer protection established as a fundamental or constitutional right? What is the primary influential regulatory model (EU law, international law etc.)? Is it characterised by fragmen... No access Thomas W. Thamm
  4. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 4.1. What are the current key focal points of consumer policy? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 4.2. What shifts (if any) have occurred in consumer policy during the past fifteen years? No access Thomas W. Thamm
2. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 1.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 1.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 1.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  2. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 2.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 2.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 2.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  3. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 3.1. If so, in what sectors? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 3.2. What mechanisms have been established? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 3.3. Why have specific enforcement mechanisms been established in these sectors? No access Thomas W. Thamm
3. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht – BaFin) No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. The Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur) No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. The Federal Cartel Office (Bundeskartellamt) No access Thomas W. Thamm
    4. Public Prosecutors (Staatsanwaltschaften) No access Thomas W. Thamm
    5. Other Federal Authorities No access Thomas W. Thamm
    6. Regional Authorities (Landesbehörden) No access Thomas W. Thamm
  2. 2. Are these authorities also responsible for other areas of law beyond consumer protection (e.g. competition, environmental law)? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  3. 3. What is the legal basis of this authority/each of these authorities? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  4. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 4.1. Is it/are they independent? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 4.2. How is it/are they constituted? Who are its/their members? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  5. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht) No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur) No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. Federal Cartel Office (Bundeskartellamt), the national competition agency No access Thomas W. Thamm
    4. Public Prosecutor’s Office (Staatsanwaltschaft) No access Thomas W. Thamm
    5. Regional Authorities (Landesbehörden) No access Thomas W. Thamm
    6. Other Authorities No access Thomas W. Thamm
  6. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 6.1. Do they have powers to investigate? And compel testimony, documents etc? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 6.2. Can they adopt preliminary measures? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 6.3. What remedies are available if a breach of consumer law is identified? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    4. 6.4. What sanctions can be imposed if a breach of consumer law is identified? (e.g. fines, prohibition of business activities?) No access Thomas W. Thamm
    5. 6.5. Are other outcomes available (e.g. commitments by traders)? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    6. 6.6. Can they initiate civil law claims on behalf of consumers? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    7. 6.7. Can they investigate and prosecute breaches of consumer law? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  7. 7. Are the same administrative authorities responsible for cross-border enforcement of consumer law under the CPC Regulation? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  8. 8. What are their powers in cross-border violations of consumer law? Are they equivalent to a domestic situation? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  9. 9. How do they cooperate with authorities in the same Member State? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by a Memorandum of Understanding?) No access Thomas W. Thamm
  10. 10. How do they cooperate with authorities in other Member States? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) No access Thomas W. Thamm
  11. 11. Are the remedies, sanctions and other outcomes available considered to be adequate? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  12. 12. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Thomas W. Thamm
4. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 1.1. Is it a court with general jurisdiction? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 1.2. Is there a specialised court or tribunal for consumer disputes? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  2. 2. Is there a specialised procedure to deal with consumer law claims? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  3. 3. Are normal civil law remedies available for consumer law claims? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  4. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 1) Lack of judgement by the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) No access Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 2) Unnecessary commitment of resources in the judiciary No access Thomas W. Thamm
      3. 3) Legal uncertainty No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. a) Proposal 1: Authorisation of the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) to deal with abstract legal questions No access Thomas W. Thamm
      2. b) Proposal 2: Introduction of a Model Declaratory Application No access Thomas W. Thamm
      3. c) Assessment of the proposals No access Thomas W. Thamm
5. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 1.1. The bundling of similar claims for collective enforcement No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 1.2. Injunctive relief No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 1.3.1. Capital Markets Model Case Act (KapMuG) No access Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 1.3.2. The Model Declaratory Action (Musterfeststellungsklage) No access Thomas W. Thamm
    4. 1.4. Representative actions in the field of unfair competition and antitrust law No access Thomas W. Thamm
  2. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 2.1. How is the class constituted? (i.e. opt in or opt out)? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 2.2. Can individuals initiate collective redress? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 2.3. How are collective redress actions funded? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  3. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 3.1. What are the requirements for entities to be recognised as such? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 3.2. Can you provide some examples of such entities? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  4. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  5. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 5.1.1. Third party involvement in the Code of Civil Procedure No access Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 5.1.2. Injunction Suits No access Thomas W. Thamm
      3. 5.1.3. Capital Markets Model Case Act (KapMuG) No access Thomas W. Thamm
      4. Thomas W. Thamm
        5.1.4.1. The necessity of the introduction of the Model Declaratory Action No access Thomas W. Thamm
        5.1.4.2. Significant deficiencies No access Thomas W. Thamm
      5. 5.1.5. Representative Actions in the field of unfair competition and antitrust law No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 5.2. Legislative Developments in the European Union No access Thomas W. Thamm
6. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. 1. What consumer organisation(s) exist in your Member State? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  2. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 2.1. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for consumer organisations to be established as such? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 2.2. If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Thomas W. Thamm
  3. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 3.1. Do they work with administrative authorities? Can they report violations to such authorities? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 3.2. Can they bring collective redress actions before courts? No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 3.3. Can they represent individual consumers before courts? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. No access Thomas W. Thamm
7. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 1.1.1. Pre-litigation conciliation as a local prerequisite of litigation No access Thomas W. Thamm
      2. Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.1. Conciliation bodies organised by the private sector No access Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.2. Official consumer conciliation bodies No access Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.3. The current state of affairs of consumer conciliation bodies in Germany No access Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.4. The legal effects of conciliation No access Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.5. Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) No access Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.6. Conciliation fee No access Thomas W. Thamm
      3. 1.1.3. Enforcement of settlements No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 1.2.1. Judicial mediation No access Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 1.2.2. Out of court mediation No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 1.3. Arbitration No access Thomas W. Thamm
  2. 2. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for ADR entities to be established as such? If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) No access Thomas W. Thamm
  3. 3. How are the ADR mechanisms established and run? By legislation (i.e. by the state)? Or by the trader? Private or public? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  4. 4. How do ADR mechanisms operate in a cross-border context? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  5. 5. Can collective claims be dealt with via ADR? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  6. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 6.1. Conciliation and the use of ombudspersons No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 6.2. Mediation No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 6.3. Arbitration No access Thomas W. Thamm
  7. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 7.1.1. Recent development of conciliation No access Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 7.1.2. Development in the field of public transportation (söp_Schlichtungsstelle für den öffentlichen Personenverkehr e. V.) No access Thomas W. Thamm
      3. 7.1.3. General Conciliation Body in Germany (Universalschlichtungsstelle des Bundes) No access Thomas W. Thamm
      4. 7.1.4. Fees for conciliation No access Thomas W. Thamm
      5. Thomas W. Thamm
        7.1.5.1. The Model Declaratory Procedure and Conciliation No access Thomas W. Thamm
        7.1.5.2. The aftermath of the Model Declaratory Action and Conciliation No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 7.2.1. In-Court mediation No access Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 7.2.2. Out of court mediation No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 7.3. Arbitration No access Thomas W. Thamm
8. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. 1. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in individual actions? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  2. 2. Taking into consideration the Enforcement and Modernisation of Consumer Law “Omnibus” Directive (not yet published in the Official Journal), how is it anticipated that this Directive will be implem... No access Thomas W. Thamm
  3. 3. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in collective actions? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  4. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency if simultaneous actions are launched? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  5. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 5.1. Are there rules on pendency? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  6. 6. How do ADR mechanisms relate to judicial and administrative enforcement? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  7. 7. How is the institutional framework designed to ensure that with sequentiality, even if mandatory, that access to court is not precluded? So as to be compatible with Art 47? No access Thomas W. Thamm
9. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 1.1.1. Local Courts No access Thomas W. Thamm
      2. Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.1. Regional Courts as courts of first instance No access Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.2. Regional Courts as Courts of Appeal No access Thomas W. Thamm
      3. Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.3.1. Pre-Court Conciliation No access Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.3.2. Out of court conciliation No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. Thomas W. Thamm
        1.2.1.1. Conciliation judges (Güterichter) at Local Courts No access Thomas W. Thamm
        1.2.1.2. Conciliation judges (Güterichter) at Regional Courts No access Thomas W. Thamm
        1.2.1.3. Conciliation judges (Güterichter) at Higher Regional Courts No access Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 1.2.2. Out of Court mediation No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 1.3. Arbitration No access Thomas W. Thamm
  2. 2. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by public (administrative) enforcement agencies between 2015–2018? No access Thomas W. Thamm
  3. 3. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by ADR bodies between 2015–2018? No access Thomas W. Thamm
10. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 1.1. Individual Civil Law Claims No access Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 1.2. The Model Declaratory Action at the Higher Regional Court Brunswick No access Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 1.3. Public Law Issues No access Thomas W. Thamm
  2. 2. Use of unfair terms by banks No access Thomas W. Thamm
1. I. Legal framework for the enforcement of consumer law No access
2. II. General questions of institutional design – Public and private enforcement No access
3. III. Public enforcement – Institutional framework for domestic administrative enforcement (excluding ADR) No access
4. IV. Private enforcement – Institutional framework for national judicial enforcement No access
5. V. Private enforcement – Enforcement through collective redress No access
6. VI. The role of consumer organisations in enforcement No access
7. VII. Alternative enforcement – ADR and ODR No access
8. VIII. Relationship between different models of enforcement No access
9. IX. Statistics No access
10. XI. Objective legal analysis of example case studies – public and private enforcement No access