Public and Private Enforcement of Consumer Law – Insights for Luxembourg

Dr. Stephanie Law; Dr. Vincent Richard

doi:10.5771/9783748929888

, um zu prüfen, ob Sie einen Vollzugriff auf diese Publikation haben.

Sammelband Kein Zugriff

Public and Private Enforcement of Consumer Law – Insights for Luxembourg

Herausgeber:innen:
Reihe:: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law, Band 24
Verlag:: 14.09.2021

Zusammenfassung

Eine zentrale Herausforderung des Verbraucherschutzes ist der Übertrag und die wirksame Durchsetzung des EU-Verbraucherrechts in nationale Rechtsordnungen. Die vergleichende Studie untersucht jüngsten Entwicklungen im EU-Verbraucherrecht anhand der rechtlichen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen für die Rechtsdurchsetzung in sechs europäischen Rechtsordnungen. Dabei bewerten die Autoren kritisch die Parameter des öffentlichen und privaten institutionellen Rahmens für die Durchsetzung des Verbraucherrechts auf EU- und nationaler Ebene.Mit Beiträgen vonInga Järvekülg, Dr. Stephanie Law, Dr. Janek Nowak, Dr. Vincent Richard und Thomas Thamm.

Schlagworte

Publikation durchsuchen

Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr: 2021
Erscheinungsdatum: 14.09.2021
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-8568-1
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-2988-8
Verlag: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law
Band: 24
Sprache: Englisch
Seiten: 504
Produkttyp: Sammelband

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Kein Zugriff Seiten 1 - 12
Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
1. I. Introduction and Background to the Project Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
2. Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  1. a. National Report-based Methodology and Legal Orders Chosen Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  2. b. Workshop of 13 December 2019 Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
3. Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  1. a. Fragmentation and Complexity of Consumer Law in National Legal Systems Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  2. b. The (In)adequacy of Judicial Enforcement Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
4. Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  1. a. What can we learn from the diverse approaches adopted in different Member States? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  2. b. Compensation of damages suffered by consumers through private enforcement Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  3. c. Collective Redress Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  4. d. Public Enforcement Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
  5. e. The Rise of Consumer Mediation Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
5. V. Conclusion Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law, Vincent Richard
Vincent Richard
1. Vincent Richard
  1. Vincent Richard
    1. 1.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  2. Vincent Richard
    1. 2.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  3. Vincent Richard
    1. Vincent Richard
      1. Constitutional or Fundamental Right: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      2. Influence of EU Law: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      3. Coherence: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  4. Vincent Richard
    1. 4.1. What are the current key focal points of consumer policy? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. 4.2. What shifts (if any) have occurred in consumer policy during the past fifteen years? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
2. Vincent Richard
  1. Vincent Richard
    1. The Ministry of Consumers/Economy: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. 1.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    3. 1.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    4. Vincent Richard
      1. Consumer Mediation Evaluation and Control Commission (Commission d’évaluation et de contrôle de la médiation de la consommation, CECMC): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  2. Vincent Richard
    1. 2.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. 2.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    3. 2.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  3. Vincent Richard
    1. 3.1. If so, in what sectors? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. 3.2. What mechanisms have been established? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    3. 3.3. Why have specific enforcement mechanisms been established in these sectors? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
3. Vincent Richard
  1. Vincent Richard
    1. General Directorate for Competition Policy, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. National Consumers Institute (INC): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    3. Unfair terms commission (CCA): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    4. National Consumers Council (CNC): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    5. Consumer mediation evaluation and control commission (CECMC): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  2. Vincent Richard
    1. Financial Market Regulator (AMF): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority (ACPR): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    3. Energy Regulator (CRE): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    4. Competition Regulator: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    5. National Council of Food (CNA): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    6. Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    7. National Agency for the Safety of Health Products (ANSM): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    8. National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing (LNE): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    9. Electronic Communication and Postal Services Regulator (ARCEP): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    10. Advertising Regulation Authority (ARPP) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    11. Commission on Information Technology and Liberties (CNIL): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    12. Superior Council of Broadcasting (CSA): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  3. 3. Are these authorities also responsible for other areas of law beyond consumer protection (e.g. competition, environmental law)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  4. 4. What is the legal basis of this authority/each of these authorities? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  5. Vincent Richard
    1. Vincent Richard
      1. Financial Market Regulator (AMF): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      2. Unfair terms commission (CCA): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      3. Electronic communication and postal services Regulator (ARCEP): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      4. Energy Regulator (CRE): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      5. Competition Regulator: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      6. Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      7. National Agency for the Safety of Health Products (ANSM): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      8. Advertising Regulation Authority (ARPP): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      9. Superior Council of the Audiovisual (CSA): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. Vincent Richard
      1. General Directorate for Competition Policy, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      2. National Consumers Institute (INC): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      3. Unfair Terms Commission (CCA): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      4. National Consumers Council (CNC): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      5. Consumer Mediation Evaluation and Control Commission (CECMC): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      6. Financial Market Regulator (AMF): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      7. Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority (ACPR): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      8. Energy Regulator (CRE): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      9. Competition Regulator: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      10. National Council of Food (CNA): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      11. Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      12. National Agency for the Safety of Health Products (ANSM): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      13. National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing (LNE): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      14. Electronic Communication and Postal Services Regulator (ARCEP): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      15. Advertising Regulation authority (ARPP): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      16. Commission on Information Technology and Liberties (CNIL): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      17. Superior Council of Broadcasting (CSA): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  6. 6. How are issues of consumer law brought before these authorities? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  7. Vincent Richard
    1. 7.1. Do they have powers to investigate? And compel testimony, documents etc? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. 7.2. Can they adopt preliminary measures? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    3. 7.3. What remedies are available if a breach of consumer law is identified? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    4. 7.4. What sanctions can be imposed if a breach of consumer law is identified? (e.g. fines, prohibition of business activities?) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    5. 7.5. Are other outcomes available (e.g. commitments by traders)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    6. 7.6. Can they initiate civil law claims on behalf of consumers? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    7. Vincent Richard
      1. General Directorate for Competition Policy, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      2. Financial Market Regulator (AMF): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      3. Competition Regulator: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      4. Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority (ACPR): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      5. National Agency for the Safety of Health Products (ANSM): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      6. Commission on Information Technology and Liberties (CNIL): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      7. Superior Council of the Broadcasting (CSA): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  8. 8. Are the same administrative authorities responsible for cross-border enforcement of consumer law under the CPC Regulation? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  9. 9. What are their powers in cross-border violations of consumer law? Are they equivalent to a domestic situation? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  10. 10. How do they cooperate with authorities in the same Member State? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  11. 11. How do they cooperate with authorities in other Member States? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  12. 12. Are the remedies, sanctions and other outcomes available considered to be adequate? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  13. 13. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
4. Vincent Richard
  1. Vincent Richard
    1. 1.1. Is it a court with general jurisdiction? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. 1.2. Is there a specialised court or tribunal for consumer disputes? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  2. Vincent Richard
    1. Jurisdiction: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. Simplified procedure: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    3. Standard of proof: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    4. Role of the judge: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    5. Expedited procedure for uncontested claims: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  3. 3. Are normal civil law remedies available for consumer law claims? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
5. Vincent Richard
  1. 1. Does a mechanism for judicial collective redress exist? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  2. Vincent Richard
    1. Vincent Richard
      1. Consumers’ collective redress (Law of 2014): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      2. Simplified collective redress: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. 2.2. Can individuals initiate collective redress? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    3. 2.3. How are collective redress actions funded? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  3. Vincent Richard
    1. Vincent Richard
      1. Art. R811–1: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      2. Art. R811–7: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. 3.2. Can you provide some examples of such entities? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  4. Vincent Richard
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  5. 5. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
6. Vincent Richard
  1. 1. What consumer organisation(s) exist in your Member State? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  2. Vincent Richard
    1. 2.1. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for consumer organisations to be established as such? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. 2.2. If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  3. Vincent Richard
    1. 3.1. Do they work with administrative authorities? Can they report violations to such authorities? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. 3.2. Can they bring collective redress actions before courts? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    3. Vincent Richard
      1. Joint representative action: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
      2. Consumer collective interests’ actions: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
7. Vincent Richard
  1. Vincent Richard
    1. Arbitration: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. Ombudsperson: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    3. Conciliation Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    4. Mediation Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    5. Consumer Mediation Evaluation and Control Commission (CECMC): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  2. 2. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for ADR entities to be established as such? If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  3. Vincent Richard
    1. Public mediators Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. Private Mediators Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    3. Mediators belonging to a federation or an organisation Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    4. Organisations or societies of mediators Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    5. Collegial mediators Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  4. 4. How do ADR mechanisms operate in a cross-border context? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  5. 5. Can collective claims be dealt with via ADR? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  6. 6. Are ADR mechanisms considered to be effective? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  7. Vincent Richard
    1. Best practices: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
    2. Obstacles: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
8. Vincent Richard
  1. 1. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in individual actions? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  2. 2. Taking into consideration the Enforcement and Modernisation of Consumer Law “Omnibus” Directive (not yet published in the Official Journal), how is it anticipated that this Directive will be implem... Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  3. 3. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in collective actions? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  4. Vincent Richard
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency if simultaneous actions are launched? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  5. Vincent Richard
    1. 5.1. Are there rules on pendency? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  6. 6. How do ADR mechanisms relate to judicial and administrative enforcement? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  7. 7. How is the institutional framework designed to ensure that with sequentiality, even if mandatory, that access to court is not precluded? So as to be compatible with Art 47? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
9. IX. Open responses Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
10. Vincent Richard
  1. 1. How many judgements of a consumer protection-related nature were rendered by courts in 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  2. 2. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by public (administrative) enforcement agencies between 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  3. 3. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by ADR bodies between 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
11. Vincent Richard
  1. Volkswagen: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
  2. Unfair terms by Banks Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard
Janek Tomasz Nowak
1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 1.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 2.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. No constitutional right Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. EU law influence Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Lack of coherence Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 4.1. What are the current key focal points of consumer policy? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 4.2. What shifts (if any) have occurred in consumer policy during the past fifteen years? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 1.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 1.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. 1.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 2.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 2.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. 2.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 3.1. If so, in what sectors? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 3.2. What mechanisms have been established? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. 3.3. Why have specific enforcement mechanisms been established in these sectors? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Federal Public Service of Economy, SME’s, Self-employed and Energy – Directorate General of Economic Inspection (DG EI) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Belgian Competition Authority (BCA) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    4. Data Protection Authority (DPA) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    5. Energy market Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    6. Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products (FAMHP) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    7. Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    8. Financial services and markets authority (FSMA) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    9. Media regulators Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    10. Water (market price regulation: price control and dispute settlement) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. 2. Do these authorities differ depending on the field of consumer law? I.e. are the administrative authorities sector-specific? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. 3. Are these authorities also responsible for other areas of law beyond consumer protection (e.g. competition, environmental law)? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. 4. What is the legal basis of this authority/each of these authorities? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  5. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Independent authorities Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Fully autonomous authorities Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Quasi-autonomous authorities Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Semi-autonomous authorities Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      5. Limited autonomous authorities Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      6. Operationally autonomous authorities Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      7. Authorities within the ministry Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Directorate General of Economic Inspection Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Belgian Competition Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Belgian Institute for Postal services and Telecommunications Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Data Protection Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Federal Commission for Energy and Gas Regulation Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Financial Services and Markets Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Commission for the Regulation of the Electricity and Gas Market (Brugel) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Brussels Media Regulator: BIPT Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Brussels (drinking water supply): Brugel Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Flemish Regulatory Authority for the Electricity and Gas Market (VREG) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Flemish Media Regulator (VRM) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Flemish Environmental Agency (FEA) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
        High Council for Audio-visual Services Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      5. Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Media Council Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      6. Janek Tomasz Nowak
        Walloon Commission for Energy Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      7. Concluding remark on independence Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  6. 6. How are issues of consumer law brought before these authorities? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  7. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Economic Inspection Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Belgian Competition Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunication Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Data Protection Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      5. Federal Commission for Energy and Gas Regulation Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      6. Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      7. Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      8. Financial Services and Markets Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      9. Flemish media regulator Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      10. High Council for Audio-visual Services Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      11. Media Council Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Economic Inspection Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Belgian Competition Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunication Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Data Protection Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      5. Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      6. Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      7. Financial Services and Markets Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      8. Flemish Media Regulator Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      9. High Council for Audio-visual Services Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      10. Media Council Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. 7.3. What remedies are available if a breach of consumer law is identified? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Economic Inspection Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Belgian Competition Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunication Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Data Protection Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      5. Brugel Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      6. Flemish Regulatory Authority for the Electricity and Gas Market Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      7. Walloon Commission for Energy Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      8. Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      9. Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      10. Financial Services and Markets Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      11. Flemish Media Regulator Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      12. High Council for Audio-visual Services Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      13. Media Council Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    5. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Belgian Competition Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Data Protection Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Economic Inspection Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    6. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Economic Inspection Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Financial Services and Markets Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    7. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Economic Inspection Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Data Protection Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. Financial Services and Markets Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      4. Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  8. 8. Are the same administrative authorities responsible for cross-border enforcement of consumer law under the CPC Regulation? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  9. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Data Protection Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Belgian Institute for Postal services and Telecommunications in its capacity as media regulator of bi-communitarian mediaservices in the Region of Brussels-Capital Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. Flemish Media Regulator Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    4. Financial Services and Markets Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  10. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Belgian Institute for Postal services and Telecommunications Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Financial Services and Markets Authority Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. High Council for Audio-visual Services Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Brugel Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. Example: Cooperation in energy matters between the Federal Energy Ombudsperson and the energy regulators in matters of dispute settlement Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  11. 11. How do they cooperate with authorities in other Member States? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  12. 12. Are the remedies, sanctions and other outcomes available considered to be adequate? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  13. 13. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 1.1. Is it a court with general jurisdiction? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 1.2. Is there a specialised court or tribunal for consumer disputes? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. 2. Is there a specialised procedure to deal with consumer law claims? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. 3. Are normal civil law remedies available for consumer law claims? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
5. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. 1. Does a mechanism for judicial collective redress exist? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 2.1. How is the class constituted? (i.e. opt in or opt out)? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 2.2. Can individuals initiate collective redress? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Legal provisions on funding Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Practice Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. There are four categories of qualified entities that can bring an action for collective redress: Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. When the association is established in Belgium: Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      3. When the association is established abroad: Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. On the basis of Article XVII.39, 1° ELC: Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. On the basis of Article XVII.39, 2° ELC: Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  5. 5. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
6. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. 1. What consumer organisation(s) exist in your Member State? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Currently, a transitionary phase is in place: Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 2.2. If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 3.1. Do they work with administrative authorities? Can they report violations to such authorities? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. 3.2. Can they bring collective redress actions before courts? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. 3.3. Can they represent individual consumers before courts? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
7. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Defining ADR Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Pre-ADR Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. ADR proper Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
      1. Public entities: Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
      2. Private entities: Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    5. Private ADR initiatives Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    6. Alternative dispute settlement by the regulator Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    7. Professional bodies Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    8. Conclusion Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. 2. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for ADR entities to be established as such? If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. 3. How are the ADR mechanisms established and run? By legislation (i.e. by the state)? Or by the trader? Private or public? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. 4. How do ADR mechanisms operate in a cross-border context? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  5. 5. Can collective claims be dealt with via ADR? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  6. 6. Are ADR mechanisms considered to be effective? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  7. 7. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
8. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. 1. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in individual actions? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. 2. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in collective actions? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 3.1. Are there rules on pendency if simultaneous actions are launched? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  4. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  5. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Relationship between consumer ADR and consumer collective redress Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. Relationship between consumer ADR and individual consumer litigation Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    3. Relationship between consumer ADR and regulatory dispute settlement Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    4. Relationship between consumer ADR and regulatory compliance procedures Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  6. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. Access to the ADR system is sequential Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
    2. ADR and courts: non-sequential Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
9. IX. Open responses Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
10. Janek Tomasz Nowak
  1. 1. How many judgements of a consumer protection-related nature were rendered by courts in 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  2. Janek Tomasz Nowak
    1. It is difficult to compile these statistics for the following reasons: Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
  3. 3. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by ADR bodies between 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
11. XI. Objective legal analysis of example case studies – public and private enforcement Kein Zugriff Janek Tomasz Nowak
Inga Järvekülg
1. Inga Järvekülg
  1. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 1.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  2. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 2.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  3. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 3.1. E.g. Is consumer protection established as a fundamental or constitutional right? What is the primary influential regulatory model (EU law, international law etc.)? Is it characterised by fragmen... Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  4. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 4.1. What are the current key focal points of consumer policy? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    2. 4.2. What shifts (if any) have occurred in consumer policy during the past fifteen years? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
2. Inga Järvekülg
  1. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 1.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    2. 1.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    3. 1.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  2. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 2.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    2. 2.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    3. 2.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  3. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 3.1. If so, in what sectors? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    2. 3.2. What mechanisms have been established? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    3. 3.3. Why have specific enforcement mechanisms been established in these sectors? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
3. Inga Järvekülg
  1. 1. Which administrative authorities are designated primarily responsible for the enforcement of consumer law? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  2. 2. Do these authorities differ depending on the field of consumer law? I.e. are the administrative authorities sector-specific? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  3. 3. Are these authorities also responsible for other areas of law beyond consumer protection (e.g. competition, environmental law)? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  4. 4. What is the legal basis of this authority/each of these authorities? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  5. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 5.1. Is it/are they independent? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    2. 5.2. How is it/are they constituted? Who are its/their members? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  6. 6. How are issues of consumer law brought before these authorities? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  7. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 7.1. Do they have powers to investigate? And compel testimony, documents etc? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    2. 7.2. Can they adopt preliminary measures? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    3. 7.3. What remedies are available if a breach of consumer law is identified? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    4. 7.4. What sanctions can be imposed if a breach of consumer law is identified? (e.g. fines, prohibition of business activities?) Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    5. 7.5. Are other outcomes available (e.g. commitments by traders)? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    6. 7.6. Can they initiate civil law claims on behalf of consumers? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    7. 7.7. Can they investigate and prosecute breaches of consumer law? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  8. 8. Are the same administrative authorities responsible for cross-border enforcement of consumer law under the CPC Regulation? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  9. 9. What are their powers in cross-border violations of consumer law? Are they equivalent to a domestic situation? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  10. 10. How do they cooperate with authorities in the same Member State? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  11. 11. How do they cooperate with authorities in other Member States? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  12. 12. Are the remedies, sanctions and other outcomes available considered to be adequate? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  13. 13. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
4. Inga Järvekülg
  1. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 1.1. Is it a court with general jurisdiction? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    2. 1.2. Is there a specialised court or tribunal for consumer disputes? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  2. 2. Is there a specialised procedure to deal with consumer law claims? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  3. 3. Are normal civil law remedies available for consumer law claims? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
5. Inga Järvekülg
  1. 1. Does a mechanism for judicial collective redress exist? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  2. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 2.1. How is the class constituted? (i.e. opt in or opt out)? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    2. 2.2. Can individuals initiate collective redress? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    3. 2.3. How are collective redress actions funded? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  3. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 3.1. What are the requirements for entities to be recognised as such? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    2. 3.2. Can you provide some examples of such entities? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  4. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  5. 5. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
6. Inga Järvekülg
  1. 1. What consumer organisation(s) exist in your Member State? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  2. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 2.1. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for consumer organisations to be established as such? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    2. 2.2. If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  3. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 3.1. Do they work with administrative authorities? Can they report violations to such authorities? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    2. 3.2. Can they bring collective redress actions before courts? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
    3. Inga Järvekülg
      1. According to § 19 Consumer Protection Act, consumer associations have the right to: Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
7. Inga Järvekülg
  1. 1. What forms of ADR mechanism exist for the enforcement of consumer protection? (conciliation, mediation, arbitration, ombudsperson, etc?) Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  2. 2. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for ADR entities to be established as such? If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  3. 3. How are the ADR mechanisms established and run? By legislation (i.e. by the state)? Or by the trader? Private or public? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  4. 4. How do ADR mechanisms operate in a cross-border context? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  5. 5. Can collective claims be dealt with via ADR? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  6. 6. Are ADR mechanisms considered to be effective? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  7. 7. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
8. Inga Järvekülg
  1. 1. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in individual actions? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  2. 2. Taking into consideration the Enforcement and Modernisation of Consumer Law “Omnibus” Directive (not yet published in the Official Journal), how is it anticipated that this Directive will be implem... Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  3. 3. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in collective actions? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  4. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency if simultaneous actions are launched? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  5. Inga Järvekülg
    1. 5.1. Are there rules on pendency? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  6. 6. How do ADR mechanisms relate to judicial and administrative enforcement? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  7. 7. How is the institutional framework designed to ensure that with sequentiality, even if mandatory, that access to court is not precluded? So as to be compatible with Art 47? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
9. IX. Open responses Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
10. Inga Järvekülg
  1. 1. How many judgements of a consumer protection-related nature were rendered by courts in 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  2. 2. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by public (administrative) enforcement agencies between 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  3. 3. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by ADR bodies between 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
11. Inga Järvekülg
  1. Volkswagen scandal Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
  2. Use of unfair terms by banks Kein Zugriff Inga Järvekülg
Stephanie Law
1. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. 1.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  2. Stephanie Law
    1. 2.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  3. Stephanie Law
    1. 3.1. E.g. Is consumer protection established as a fundamental or constitutional right? What is the primary influential regulatory model (EU law, international law etc.)? Is it characterised by fragmen... Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  4. Stephanie Law
    1. 4.1. What are the current key focal points of consumer policy? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. 4.2. What shifts (if any) have occurred in consumer policy during the past fifteen years? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
2. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. 1.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. 1.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    3. 1.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  2. Stephanie Law
    1. 2.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. 2.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    3. 2.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
3. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. A. Citizens Advice Bureau (CAB): Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. B. Which? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    3. C. Resolver Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    4. A. Sector-specific Ombudspersons: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    5. B. Chartered Trading Standards Institute and Local Authority Trading Standards Services Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    6. C. Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) and Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  2. 1. Do these authorities differ depending on the field of consumer law? I.e. are the administrative authorities sector-specific? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  3. 2. Are these authorities also responsible for other areas of law beyond consumer protection (e.g. competition, environmental law)? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  4. 3. What is the legal basis of this authority/each of these authorities? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  5. Stephanie Law
    1. 4.1. Is it/are they independent? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. Stephanie Law
      1. TSSs: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
      2. CMA: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
      3. FCA: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  6. Stephanie Law
    1. TSSs: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. CMA: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    3. FCA: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  7. Stephanie Law
    1. 6.1. Do they have powers to investigate? And compel testimony, documents etc? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. 6.2. Can they adopt preliminary measures? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    3. 6.3. What remedies are available if a breach of consumer law is identified? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    4. 6.4. What sanctions can be imposed if a breach of consumer law is identified? (e.g. fines, prohibition of business activities?) Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    5. 6.5. Are other outcomes available (e.g. commitments by traders)? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    6. 6.6. Can they initiate civil law claims on behalf of consumers? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    7. 6.7. Can they investigate and prosecute breaches of consumer law? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    8. TSS: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    9. FCA: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    10. CMA: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  8. 7. Are the same administrative authorities responsible for cross-border enforcement of consumer law under the CPC Regulation? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  9. 8. What are their powers in cross-border violations of consumer law? Are they equivalent to a domestic situation? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  10. 9. How do they cooperate with authorities in the same Member State? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  11. 10. How do they cooperate with authorities in other Member States? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  12. 11. Are the remedies, sanctions and other outcomes available considered to be adequate? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
4. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. 1.1. Is it a court with general jurisdiction? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. 1.2. Is there a specialised court or tribunal for consumer disputes? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  2. 2. Is there a specialised procedure to deal with consumer law claims? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  3. 3. Are normal civil law remedies available for consumer law claims? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
5. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. The Representative Action Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. The Group Litigation Order Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    3. Competition Damages Claims Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  2. Stephanie Law
    1. 2.1. How is the class constituted? (i.e. opt in or opt out)? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. 2.2. Can individuals initiate collective redress? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    3. 2.3. How are collective redress actions funded? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  3. Stephanie Law
    1. 3.1. What are the requirements for entities to be recognised as such? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. 3.2. Can you provide some examples of such entities? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  4. Stephanie Law
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  5. 5. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
6. Stephanie Law
  1. 1. What consumer organisation(s) exist in your Member State? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  2. Stephanie Law
    1. 2.1. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for consumer organisations to be established as such? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. 2.2. If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  3. Stephanie Law
    1. 3.1. Do they work with administrative authorities? Can they report violations to such authorities? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. 3.2. Can they bring collective redress actions before courts? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    3. 3.3. Can they represent individual consumers before courts? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
7. Stephanie Law
  1. 1. What forms of ADR mechanism exist for the enforcement of consumer protection? (conciliation, mediation, arbitration, ombudsperson, etc?) Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  2. 2. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for ADR entities to be established as such? If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  3. 3. How are the ADR mechanisms established and run? By legislation (i.e. by the state)? Or by the trader? Private or public? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  4. 4. How do ADR mechanisms operate in a cross-border context? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  5. 5. Can collective claims be dealt with via ADR? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  6. 6. Are ADR mechanisms considered to be effective? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  7. 7. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
8. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. Scope for review by courts of decisions of administrative bodies: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. Forum for such review: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    3. Examples of appeal and review: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    4. The procedure is set out in the CPRs (Part 54): Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  2. 2. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in collective actions? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  3. 3. Taking into consideration the Enforcement and Modernisation of Consumer Law “Omnibus” Directive (not yet published in the Official Journal), how is it anticipated that this Directive will be implem... Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  4. Stephanie Law
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency if simultaneous actions are launched? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  5. Stephanie Law
    1. 5.1. Are there rules on pendency? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  6. Stephanie Law
    1. ADR and judicial actions: Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  7. 7. How is the institutional framework designed to ensure that with sequentiality, even if mandatory, that access to court is not precluded? So as to be compatible with Art 47? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
9. IX. Open responses Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
10. Stephanie Law
  1. 1. How many judgements of a consumer protection-related nature were rendered by courts in 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  2. 2. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by public (administrative) enforcement agencies between 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  3. 3. How many disputes (complaints) of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by ADR bodies between 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
11. Stephanie Law
  1. Stephanie Law
    1. Funding Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
    2. Governmental action Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
  2. Stephanie Law
    1. Unfair contract terms – judicial actions Kein Zugriff Stephanie Law
Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
1. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 1.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 2.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
      1. Constitutional Right or Fundamental Right: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
      2. Influence of EU Law: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 4.1. What are the current key focal points of consumer policy? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 4.2. What shifts (if any) have occurred in consumer policy during the past fifteen years? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
2. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 1.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 1.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. 1.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 2.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 2.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. 2.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 3.1. If so, in what sectors? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 3.2. What mechanisms have been established? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. 3.3. Why have specific enforcement mechanisms been established in these sectors? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
3. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. 1. Which administrative authorities are designated primarily responsible for the enforcement of consumer law? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. 2. Do these authorities differ depending on the field of consumer law? I.e. are the administrative authorities sector-specific? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. 3. Are these authorities also responsible for other areas of law beyond consumer protection (e.g. competition, environmental law)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. 4. What is the legal basis of this authority/each of these authorities? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  5. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 5.1. Is it/are they independent? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 5.2. How is it/are they constituted? Who are its/their members? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  6. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. Ministry for Consumer Protection Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. Commission of Surveillance of the Financial Sector (Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier, CSSF): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. Insurance Commissioner (Commissariat aux assurances), CAA): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    4. The National Commission for Data Protection (La Commission nationale pour la protection des données, CNPD): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    5. Independent Audiovisual Authority of Luxembourg (Autorité luxembourgeoise indépendante de l’audiovisuel, ALIA): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    6. Competition Council (Conseil de la concurrence): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    7. Luxembourg Regulation Institute, (Institut Luxembourgeois de Régulation, ILR): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  7. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 7.1. Do they have powers to investigate? And compel testimony, documents etc? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 7.2. Can they adopt preliminary measures? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. 7.3. What remedies are available if a breach of consumer law is identified? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    4. 7.4. What sanctions can be imposed if a breach of consumer law is identified? (e.g. fines, prohibition of business activities?) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    5. 7.5. Are other outcomes available (e.g. commitments by traders)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    6. 7.6. Can they initiate civil law claims on behalf of consumers? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    7. 7.7. Can they investigate and prosecute breaches of consumer law? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  8. 8. Are the same administrative authorities responsible for cross-border enforcement of consumer law under the Consumer protection cooperation Regulation? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  9. 9. What are their powers in cross-border violations of consumer law? Are they equivalent to a domestic situation? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  10. 10. How do they cooperate with authorities in the same Member State? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  11. 11. How do they cooperate with authorities in other Member States? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  12. 12. Are the remedies, sanctions and other outcomes available considered to be adequate? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  13. 13. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
4. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 1.1. Is it a court with general jurisdiction? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 1.2. Is there a specialised court or tribunal for consumer disputes? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. Conditional Payment Order (Ordonnance conditionnelle de paiement – Articles 129 and following of the NCPC): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. European order for payment (Injonction européenne de payer, Articles 49 to 49–6 NCPC and EC Regulation No 1896/2006: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. European Small Claims Procedure ESCP (Regulation n°861/2007 and Articles 143–1 and 143–2 NCPC): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    4. Burden and standard of proof in consumer law: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. Injunctive relief (“action en cessation”) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
5. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. 1. Does a mechanism for judicial collective redress exist? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 2.1. How is the class constituted? (i.e. opt in or opt out)? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 2.2. Can individuals initiate collective redress? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. 2.3. How are collective redress actions funded? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 3.1. What are the requirements for entities to be recognised as such? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 3.2. Can you provide some examples of such entities? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  5. 5. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
6. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. Union luxembourgeoise des consommateurs (ULC): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. Automobile Club du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg a.s.b.l. Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. European Consumer Centre Luxembourg (ECC): Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 2.1. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for consumer organisations to be established as such? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 2.2. If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 3.1. Do they work with administrative authorities? Can they report violations to such authorities? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. 3.2. Can they bring collective redress actions before courts? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. 3.3. Can they represent individual consumers before courts? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
7. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. 1. What forms of ADR mechanism exist for the enforcement of consumer protection? (conciliation, mediation, arbitration, ombudsperson, etc?) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. 2. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for ADR entities to be established as such? If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. 3. How are the ADR mechanisms established and run? By legislation (i.e. by the state)? Or by the trader? Private or public? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. 4. How do ADR mechanisms operate in a cross-border context? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  5. 5. Can collective claims be dealt with via ADR? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  6. 6. Are ADR mechanisms considered to be effective? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  7. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. List of qualified ADR entities in consumer law: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    2. Other ADR entities that are not considered as qualified entities in consumer law Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    3. Legal rules applicable to mediation in general: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    4. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
      1. Enforceability of the mediation agreement Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    5. Scope of consumer mediation: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
8. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. 1. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in individual actions? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. 2. Taking into consideration the Enforcement and Modernisation of Consumer Law “Omnibus” Directive (not yet published in the Official Journal), how is it anticipated that this Directive will be implem... Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. 3. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in collective actions? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency if simultaneous actions are launched? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  5. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. 5.1. Are there rules on pendency? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  6. 6. How do ADR mechanisms relate to judicial and administrative enforcement? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  7. 7. How is the institutional framework designed to ensure that with sequentiality, even if mandatory, that access to court is not precluded? So as to be compatible with Art 47? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
9. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  1. 1. How many judgements of a consumer protection-related nature were rendered by courts in 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  2. 2. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by public (administrative) enforcement agencies between 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  3. 3. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by ADR bodies between 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
  4. Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
    1. Notes on cross-border ADR: Kein Zugriff Vincent Richard, Marine Rogé
Thomas W. Thamm
1. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 1.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  2. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 2.1. E.g. a distinct legal act or code, part of an act covering another area of EU law, part of the civil code, or code of civil procedure? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  3. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 3.1. E.g. Is consumer protection established as a fundamental or constitutional right? What is the primary influential regulatory model (EU law, international law etc.)? Is it characterised by fragmen... Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  4. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 4.1. What are the current key focal points of consumer policy? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 4.2. What shifts (if any) have occurred in consumer policy during the past fifteen years? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
2. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 1.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 1.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 1.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  2. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 2.1. Judicial mechanisms (i.e. before a court)? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 2.2. Administrative mechanisms (i.e. before administrative bodies or tribunals)? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 2.3. Alternative mechanisms (i.e. mechanisms of ADR or ODR, or any other mechanism not mentioned)? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  3. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 3.1. If so, in what sectors? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 3.2. What mechanisms have been established? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 3.3. Why have specific enforcement mechanisms been established in these sectors? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
3. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht – BaFin) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. The Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. The Federal Cartel Office (Bundeskartellamt) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    4. Public Prosecutors (Staatsanwaltschaften) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    5. Other Federal Authorities Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    6. Regional Authorities (Landesbehörden) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  2. 2. Are these authorities also responsible for other areas of law beyond consumer protection (e.g. competition, environmental law)? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  3. 3. What is the legal basis of this authority/each of these authorities? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  4. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 4.1. Is it/are they independent? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 4.2. How is it/are they constituted? Who are its/their members? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  5. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. Federal Cartel Office (Bundeskartellamt), the national competition agency Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    4. Public Prosecutor’s Office (Staatsanwaltschaft) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    5. Regional Authorities (Landesbehörden) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    6. Other Authorities Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  6. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 6.1. Do they have powers to investigate? And compel testimony, documents etc? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 6.2. Can they adopt preliminary measures? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 6.3. What remedies are available if a breach of consumer law is identified? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    4. 6.4. What sanctions can be imposed if a breach of consumer law is identified? (e.g. fines, prohibition of business activities?) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    5. 6.5. Are other outcomes available (e.g. commitments by traders)? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    6. 6.6. Can they initiate civil law claims on behalf of consumers? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    7. 6.7. Can they investigate and prosecute breaches of consumer law? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  7. 7. Are the same administrative authorities responsible for cross-border enforcement of consumer law under the CPC Regulation? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  8. 8. What are their powers in cross-border violations of consumer law? Are they equivalent to a domestic situation? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  9. 9. How do they cooperate with authorities in the same Member State? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by a Memorandum of Understanding?) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  10. 10. How do they cooperate with authorities in other Member States? How is this cooperation established (e.g. by an MoU?) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  11. 11. Are the remedies, sanctions and other outcomes available considered to be adequate? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  12. 12. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
4. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 1.1. Is it a court with general jurisdiction? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 1.2. Is there a specialised court or tribunal for consumer disputes? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  2. 2. Is there a specialised procedure to deal with consumer law claims? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  3. 3. Are normal civil law remedies available for consumer law claims? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  4. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 1) Lack of judgement by the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 2) Unnecessary commitment of resources in the judiciary Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      3. 3) Legal uncertainty Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. a) Proposal 1: Authorisation of the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) to deal with abstract legal questions Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      2. b) Proposal 2: Introduction of a Model Declaratory Application Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      3. c) Assessment of the proposals Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
5. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 1.1. The bundling of similar claims for collective enforcement Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 1.2. Injunctive relief Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 1.3.1. Capital Markets Model Case Act (KapMuG) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 1.3.2. The Model Declaratory Action (Musterfeststellungsklage) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    4. 1.4. Representative actions in the field of unfair competition and antitrust law Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  2. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 2.1. How is the class constituted? (i.e. opt in or opt out)? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 2.2. Can individuals initiate collective redress? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 2.3. How are collective redress actions funded? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  3. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 3.1. What are the requirements for entities to be recognised as such? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 3.2. Can you provide some examples of such entities? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  4. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  5. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 5.1.1. Third party involvement in the Code of Civil Procedure Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 5.1.2. Injunction Suits Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      3. 5.1.3. Capital Markets Model Case Act (KapMuG) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      4. Thomas W. Thamm
        5.1.4.1. The necessity of the introduction of the Model Declaratory Action Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
        5.1.4.2. Significant deficiencies Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      5. 5.1.5. Representative Actions in the field of unfair competition and antitrust law Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 5.2. Legislative Developments in the European Union Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
6. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. 1. What consumer organisation(s) exist in your Member State? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  2. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 2.1. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for consumer organisations to be established as such? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 2.2. If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  3. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 3.1. Do they work with administrative authorities? Can they report violations to such authorities? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 3.2. Can they bring collective redress actions before courts? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 3.3. Can they represent individual consumers before courts? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  4. 4. Please provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the enforcement mechanism(s), any obstacles and best practices. Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
7. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 1.1.1. Pre-litigation conciliation as a local prerequisite of litigation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      2. Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.1. Conciliation bodies organised by the private sector Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.2. Official consumer conciliation bodies Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.3. The current state of affairs of consumer conciliation bodies in Germany Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.4. The legal effects of conciliation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.5. Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.6. Conciliation fee Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      3. 1.1.3. Enforcement of settlements Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 1.2.1. Judicial mediation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 1.2.2. Out of court mediation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 1.3. Arbitration Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  2. 2. Are there requirements that have to be satisfied in order for ADR entities to be established as such? If so, what are they? (e.g. independence, impartiality, funding etc?) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  3. 3. How are the ADR mechanisms established and run? By legislation (i.e. by the state)? Or by the trader? Private or public? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  4. 4. How do ADR mechanisms operate in a cross-border context? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  5. 5. Can collective claims be dealt with via ADR? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  6. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 6.1. Conciliation and the use of ombudspersons Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 6.2. Mediation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 6.3. Arbitration Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  7. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 7.1.1. Recent development of conciliation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 7.1.2. Development in the field of public transportation (söp_Schlichtungsstelle für den öffentlichen Personenverkehr e. V.) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      3. 7.1.3. General Conciliation Body in Germany (Universalschlichtungsstelle des Bundes) Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      4. 7.1.4. Fees for conciliation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      5. Thomas W. Thamm
        7.1.5.1. The Model Declaratory Procedure and Conciliation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
        7.1.5.2. The aftermath of the Model Declaratory Action and Conciliation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 7.2.1. In-Court mediation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 7.2.2. Out of court mediation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 7.3. Arbitration Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
8. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. 1. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in individual actions? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  2. 2. Taking into consideration the Enforcement and Modernisation of Consumer Law “Omnibus” Directive (not yet published in the Official Journal), how is it anticipated that this Directive will be implem... Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  3. 3. What is the relationship between administrative remedies and sanctions and civil law remedies in collective actions? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  4. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 4.1. Are there rules on pendency if simultaneous actions are launched? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  5. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 5.1. Are there rules on pendency? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  6. 6. How do ADR mechanisms relate to judicial and administrative enforcement? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  7. 7. How is the institutional framework designed to ensure that with sequentiality, even if mandatory, that access to court is not precluded? So as to be compatible with Art 47? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
9. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. 1.1.1. Local Courts Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      2. Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.1. Regional Courts as courts of first instance Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.2.2. Regional Courts as Courts of Appeal Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      3. Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.3.1. Pre-Court Conciliation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
        1.1.3.2. Out of court conciliation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. Thomas W. Thamm
      1. Thomas W. Thamm
        1.2.1.1. Conciliation judges (Güterichter) at Local Courts Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
        1.2.1.2. Conciliation judges (Güterichter) at Regional Courts Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
        1.2.1.3. Conciliation judges (Güterichter) at Higher Regional Courts Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
      2. 1.2.2. Out of Court mediation Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 1.3. Arbitration Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  2. 2. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by public (administrative) enforcement agencies between 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  3. 3. How many disputes of a consumer protection-related nature were dealt with by ADR bodies between 2015–2018? Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
10. Thomas W. Thamm
  1. Thomas W. Thamm
    1. 1.1. Individual Civil Law Claims Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    2. 1.2. The Model Declaratory Action at the Higher Regional Court Brunswick Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
    3. 1.3. Public Law Issues Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
  2. 2. Use of unfair terms by banks Kein Zugriff Thomas W. Thamm
1. I. Legal framework for the enforcement of consumer law Kein Zugriff
2. II. General questions of institutional design – Public and private enforcement Kein Zugriff
3. III. Public enforcement – Institutional framework for domestic administrative enforcement (excluding ADR) Kein Zugriff
4. IV. Private enforcement – Institutional framework for national judicial enforcement Kein Zugriff
5. V. Private enforcement – Enforcement through collective redress Kein Zugriff
6. VI. The role of consumer organisations in enforcement Kein Zugriff
7. VII. Alternative enforcement – ADR and ODR Kein Zugriff
8. VIII. Relationship between different models of enforcement Kein Zugriff
9. IX. Statistics Kein Zugriff
10. XI. Objective legal analysis of example case studies – public and private enforcement Kein Zugriff

Public and Private Enforcement of Consumer Law – Insights for Luxembourg

Zusammenfassung

Schlagworte

Publikation durchsuchen

Bibliographische Angaben

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Ähnliche Veröffentlichungen