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European Public Prosecutor's Office

Article-by-Article Commentary
Editors:
Publisher:
 2026

Summary

Since June 2021, the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) has been the central authority prosecuting crimes against the EU’s financial interests. The second edition of this commentary on the EPPO Regulation compiles recent developments and key Court of Justice rulings:

  • the EPPO Rules of Procedure
  • focal judgments, e.g. C-281/22 (cross-border investigative measures) or C-292/23 (judicial protection against investigative measures)
  • further College decisions on internal procedures and guidelines. It also outlines options to extend the EPPO’s mandate and to improve the legal framework. Country reports from participating Member States show how the EPPO fits into national criminal justice systems. For practitioners and scholars.

    • Bibliographic data

    Edition
    2/2026
    Copyright Year
    2026
    ISBN-Print
    978-3-7560-0551-2
    ISBN-Online
    978-3-7489-3905-4
    Publisher
    Nomos, Baden-Baden
    Language
    English
    Pages
    1195
    Product Type
    Edited Book

    Table of contents

    ChapterPages
      1. Preface and Acknowledgements – second edition No access
      2. Foreword (first edition) No access
      3. List of Authors No access
      4. General Literature No access
      5. Abbreviations No access
    2. Authors:
      1. A. Establishing the EPPO: Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 No access
      2. B. Legislative history of the EPPO Regulation No access
      3. C. Article 86 TFEU – legal basis – enhanced cooperation No access
        1. I. Material competence of the EPPO No access
        2. II. Structure of the EPPO and cooperation with national authorities No access
        3. III. Procedural law framework for the EPPO No access
      5. E. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation No access
      1. Authors:
        1. Analysis and interpretation of elements No access
      2. Authors:
          1. I. Number 1: Member State No access
          2. II. Number 2: Person No access
          3. III. Number 3: Financial interests of the Union No access
      1. Authors:
        1. Analysis and interpretation of elements No access
      2. Authors:
        1. Analysis and interpretation of elements No access
      3. Authors:
        1. A. Purpose of the provision, legislative history No access
          1. I. Fundamental rights (Article 5(1)) No access
          2. II. Rule of law and proportionality (Article 5(2)) No access
          3. III. The interplay between the Regulation and national law (Article 5(3)); esp. in light of Articles 51, 52 and 53 of the Charter No access
          4. IV. Impartiality and the duty to seek all evidence whether inculpatory or exculpatory (Article 5(4)) No access
          5. V. Opening and conducting investigations without undue delay (Article 5(5)) No access
          6. VI. Principle of sincere cooperation (Article 5(6)) No access
          7. VII. From abstract principles to concrete procedures and guidelines No access
      4. Authors:
        1. A. Purpose of the provision, legislative history No access
          1. I. External independence (Article 6(1)) No access
          2. II. Accountability (Article 6(2)) No access
      5. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
        2. B. Annual Report (Article 7(1)) No access
          1. I. European Parliament and Council No access
          2. II. National Parliaments No access
        1. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; purpose of the provision No access
            1. I. The constitutional structural principles of the EPPO (Article 8(1)) No access
              1. 1. The actors of the EPPO at the central level (Article 8(3)) No access
              2. 2. The EPPO at the decentralised level (Article 8(4)) No access
              3. 3. The staff of the EPPO (Article 8(5)) No access
              4. 4. Instructed national authorities (Article 28(1)) No access
              5. 5. The chain-of-command of the EPPO No access
              6. 6. “Practical Evolution” No access
            1. I. The 2001 Commission Green Paper and the 2013 Commission Proposal on the establishment of the EPPO No access
            2. II. Negotiations in the Council No access
            3. III. Interventions of the European Parliament No access
            4. IV. Critical reception No access
          4. D. General Assessment No access
        2. Authors:
          1. A. Purpose of the provision, legislative history No access
            1. I. Composition of the College (Article 9(1) sentence 1) No access
                1. a) General remarks No access
                2. b) Formulation etc. of (coherent, effective, efficient, and consistent) prosecution etc. policies No access
                1. a) Setting up the Permanent Chambers No access
                2. b) Internal rules of procedure, stipulating the responsibilities for the performance of functions of the members of the College and the staff of the EPPO (Article 9(4)) No access
              3. 3. Further responsibilities No access
              4. 4. Quantitative Overview of the College Decisions No access
              1. 1. Quorum, delegation of powers No access
              2. 2. Procedure No access
          3. C. Disciplinary Board No access
        3. Authors:
          1. A. Purpose of the provision, legislative history No access
            1. I. Composition (Article 10(1)(1) and Article 10(9)); temporary absence No access
            2. II. Allocation of cases (Article 10(1)(2)) No access
              1. 1. General duties (Article 10(2)) No access
                1. a) Article 10(3) No access
                2. b) Article 10(4) No access
                3. c) Article 10(5) No access
              3. 3. Delegation of decision-making powers (Article 10(7)) No access
              4. 4. Other duties and powers No access
            4. IV. Deliberation, Decision-Making (Article 10(6), (8), and (9)) No access
          3. C. Figures from the Annual Reports No access
        4. Authors:
            1. I. The European Chief Prosecutor No access
            2. II. The Deputy European Chief Prosecutors No access
        5. Authors:
          1. A. Purpose of the provision, legislative history No access
              1. 1. The Rule: Supervision of Cases from their Member State of Origin (Article 12(1)(1)) No access
                1. a) Temporary substitution (Article 12(1)(2)) No access
                2. b) Reassignment (Article 12(2)) No access
              1. 1. General duties and powers (Article 12(1)(1) and (5)) No access
              2. 2. Power to give instructions (Article 12(3)) No access
              3. 3. Internal Review within the Structure of a National Prosecutor’s Office (Article 12(4)) No access
              4. 4. Further Duties and Powers (not regulated in Article 12) No access
        6. Authors:
          1. A. Purpose of the provision, legislative history No access
            1. I. Status of the European Delegated Prosecutor No access
              1. 1. The Regulation No access
              2. 2. Internal Rules of the EPPO No access
            3. III. Powers and Duties of the European Delegated Prosecutor No access
        1. Authors:
          1. A. Appointment and dismissal of the members of the EPPO: General overview, purpose, legislative history, evaluation No access
            1. I. Appointment of the European Chief Prosecutor; term of office (Article 14(1), (4) and (6)) No access
            2. II. Preconditions for candidates (Article 14(2)) No access
              1. 1. Intermediary Steps No access
              2. 2. Selection Panel, general considerations No access
              3. 3. The members of and the operating rules for the selection panel No access
            4. IV. Dismissal (Article 14(5)) No access
        2. Authors:
          1. I. Analysis and interpretation of elements No access
          2. II. Appointment and functions (Article 15(1), (2) sentence 1, and (3)) No access
          3. III. Dismissal and Resignation etc. (Article 15(2) sentence 2 and (3)) No access
        3. Authors:
          1. I. Analysis and interpretation of elements No access
          2. II. Appointment (Article 16(1) to (4), (6)) No access
          3. III. Dismissal (Article 16(5)) No access
          4. IV. (Temporary) Substitution by a European Delegated Prosecutor (Article 16(7)) No access
          5. V. Tasks and rights of the European Delegated Prosecutors designated to substitute the European Prosecutor of their Member States No access
          6. VI. Disciplinary Suspension No access
        4. Authors:
            1. I. Appointment (Article 17(1), (2) and (5)) No access
            2. II. Dismissal and disciplinary action (Article 17(3) and (4)) No access
            1. I. Appointment and Rejection No access
            2. II. Dismissal, internal disciplinary action, and internal appraisal No access
            3. III. Renewal or non-renewal No access
            4. IV. General Assessment No access
        5. Authors:
          1. A. Purpose of the provision, legislative history, summary evaluation No access
            1. I. The Administrative Director as a temporary agent (Article 18(1)) No access
            2. II. Appointment of a new Administrative Director (Article 18(2)) No access
            3. III. Term of office; assessment procedure; extension of term of office (Article 18(3) to (5)) No access
            4. IV. Accountability (Article 18(6)) No access
            5. V. Removal from office (Article 18(7)) No access
        6. Authors:
          1. Analysis and interpretation of elements No access
        7. Article 20 Provisional administrative arrangements of the EPPO No access 187 - 190
          Authors:
        1. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
            1. I. Legal nature, binding force, and effects No access
            2. II. Scope No access
            1. I. General clause (Article 21(1)) No access
            2. II. Adoption (Article 21(2)) No access
            3. III. Amendments (Article 21(3)) No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        1. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
            1. I. Genesis, evaluation and reform of the PIF-Directive No access
              1. 1. Common requirements (Article 3(1) PIF-Directive) No access
                1. a) Misappropriation or wrongful retention of funds or assets No access
                2. b) Use or presentation of false, incorrect or incomplete statements or documents (Article 3(2)(a)(i) PIF-Directive) No access
                3. c) Non-disclosure of information in violation of a specific obligation (Article 3(2)(a)(ii) PIF-Directive) No access
                4. d) Misapplication of funds or assets (Article 3(2)(a)(iii) PIF-Directive) No access
                5. e) Sanctions with regard to natural persons (Article 7 PIF-Directive) No access
                6. f) Incitement, aiding and abetting, and attempt (Article 5 PIF-Directive) No access
                1. a) Misappropriation or wrongful retention of funds or assets No access
                2. b) Use or presentation of false, incorrect or incomplete statements or documents (Article 3(2)(b)(i) PIF-Directive) No access
                3. c) Non-disclosure of information in violation of a specific obligation (Article 3(2)(b)(ii) PIF-Directive) No access
                4. d) Misapplication of funds or assets (Article 3(2)(b)(iii) PIF-Directive) No access
                5. e) Sanctions with regard to natural persons (Article 7 PIF-Directive) No access
                6. f) Incitement, aiding and abetting, and attempt (Article 5 PIF-Directive) No access
                1. a) Illegal diminution of the resources of Union budgets No access
                2. b) Use or presentation of false, incorrect or incomplete statements or documents (Article 3(2)(c)(i) PIF-Directive) No access
                3. c) Non-disclosure of information in violation of a specific obligation (Article 3(2)(c)(ii) PIF-Directive) No access
                4. d) Misapplication of a legally obtained benefit (Article 3(2)(c)(iii) PIF-Directive) No access
                5. e) Sanctions with regard to natural persons (Article 7 PIF-Directive) No access
                6. f) Incitement, aiding and abetting, and attempt (Article 5 PIF-Directive) No access
                1. a) Use or presentation of false, incorrect or incomplete VAT-related statements or documents (Article 3(2)(d)(i) PIF-Directive) No access
                2. b) Non-disclosure of VAT-related information in violation of a specific obligation (Article 3(2)(d)(ii) PIF-Directive) No access
                3. c) Disguising the non-payment of VAT or wrongful creation of rights to VAT refunds (Article 3(2)(d)(iii) PIF-Directive) No access
                4. d) Sanctions with regard to natural persons (Article 7 PIF-Directive) No access
                5. e) Incitement, aiding and abetting, and attempt (Article 5 PIF-Directive) No access
              1. 1. Money laundering (Article 4(1) PIF-Directive) No access
                1. a) Common provisions No access
                2. b) Public official (Article 4(4) PIF-Directive) No access
              3. 3. Misappropriation of funds (Article 4(3) PIF-Directive) No access
              4. 4. Sanctions with regard to natural persons (Article 7 PIF-Directive) No access
              5. 5. Incitement, aiding and abetting, and attempt (Article 5 PIF-Directive) No access
            1. I. Common requirement: criminal offence according to national law No access
            2. II. Material competence in respect of PIF offences (Article 22(1)) No access
            3. III. Material competence in respect of participation in a criminal organisation (Article 22(2)) No access
            4. IV. Material competence in respect of inextricably linked offences (Article 22(3)) No access
            5. V. Protective clause concerning offences relating to national direct taxes (Article 22(4)) No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        2. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
            1. I. EPPO competence and Member States’ rules on jurisdiction No access
            2. II. EPPO competence on the basis of the principle of territoriality (Article 23(a)) No access
            3. III. EPPO competence on the basis of the active personality principle (Article 23(b) and (c)) No access
          3. C. Jurisdictional principles, case allocation and choice of forum No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        1. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          2. B. The EPPO’s sources of information on possible criminal conduct No access
              1. 1. General obligation to inform the EPPO (Article 24(1)) No access
              2. 2. Specific obligation to inform the EPPO about investigations initiated in the Member States (paragraph 2) No access
              3. 3. Information to be provided about cases assumed to be outside of the competence of the EPPO (Article 24(3)) No access
              4. 4. Content of information to be provided (Article 24(4)) No access
              5. 5. Reporting obligation where no final assessment of EPPO competence is possible (Article 24(5)) No access
              1. 1. Process of registration and verification (Article 24(6)) No access
              2. 2. Grounds to initiate an investigation (Article 24(6)) No access
              3. 3. No grounds to initiate an EPPO investigation (Article 24(7)) No access
              4. 4. Information to national authorities in case of possible criminal conduct outside of EPPO competence (Article 24(8)) No access
            3. III. Right of the EPPO to request further information (Article 24(9) and (10)) No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        2. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          2. B. The concept of “shared competences” No access
            1. I. Exercising competence of the EPPO (Article 25(1)) No access
              1. 1. Minor case (Article 25(2)) No access
                1. a) Inextricably linked offences (point (a)) No access
                2. b) Damage caused to EU and other victims (point (b)) No access
              3. 3. Exercise of EPPO competence by consent (Article 25(4)) No access
            3. III. Information obligation (Article 25(5)) No access
            4. IV. Conflicts of competence between the EPPO and national prosecution authorities (Article 25(6)) No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        1. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          2. B. The concept of initiating an investigation under the EPPO Regulation No access
              1. 1. Reasonable grounds to believe that an offence within the competence of the EPPO has been committed (Article 26(1)) No access
              2. 2. Jurisdiction of the Member State and the EDP’s competence to initiate an investigation (Article 26(1)) No access
              3. 3. Decision to initiate an investigation – legality principle (Article 26(1)) No access
              4. 4. Multiple jurisdictions – criteria for case allocation (Article 26(4)) No access
              5. 5. Role of the Permanent Chamber (Article 26(3) and (4)) No access
            2. II. Information obligations (Article 26(2) and (7)) No access
            3. III. Reallocation, merging and splitting of cases between Member States (Article 26(5) and (6)) No access
          4. D. Legal consequences of a decision to initiate an investigation and judicial review No access
          5. E. Assessment No access
        2. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          2. B. Preconditions for exercising the right of evocation No access
              1. 1. Receipt of information in accordance with Article 24(2) No access
              2. 2. Receipt of information from other sources (Article 27(3)) No access
              3. 3. No applicability of the legality principle No access
              1. 1. Competence of an EDP (Article 27(6)) No access
              2. 2. Multiple jurisdictions – criteria for case allocation No access
              3. 3. Internal decision-making competences and reporting obligations (Article 27(6), (8) and (9)) No access
              4. 4. Decision-making procedures and time limits (Article 27(1), (2) and (4)) No access
            3. III. Legal consequences of a decision to exercise the right of evocation (Article 27(5)) No access
            4. IV. Decision to refrain from exercising the right of evocation (Article 27(7)) No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        3. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          2. B. The relationship between the EPPO and the national law enforcement authorities No access
              1. 1. The EDP’s role to conduct investigations No access
              2. 2. The national authorities’ obligation to follow the EDPs instructions No access
              3. 3. Reporting by the EDP and supervision by the Central Office No access
            2. II. The competence of national authorities to take urgent measures (Article 28(2)) No access
            3. III. Reallocation of the case to another EDP of the same Member State (Article 28(3)) No access
            4. IV. The European Prosecutor as handling EDP (Article 28(4)) No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        4. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
            1. I. Privileges and immunities No access
            2. II. Protection of privileges and immunities under the EPPO Regulation No access
              1. 1. National law (Article 29(1)) No access
              2. 2. Union law (Article 29(2)) No access
            2. II. Obstacle to a specific investigation No access
            3. III. Lifting procedure in national or Union law No access
            4. IV. Procedure No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        1. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
              1. 1. General requirement (Article 30(1)) No access
                1. a) Search (Article 30(1)(a)) No access
                2. b) Production order (Article 30(1)(b)) No access
                3. c) Production and decryption order relating to data (Article 30(1)(c)) No access
                4. d) Freezing of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime (Article 30(1)(d)) No access
                5. e) Interception of electronic communications (Article 30(1)(e)) No access
                6. f) Tracking and tracing an object by technical means (Article 30(1)(f)) No access
              3. 3. Conditions and restrictions regarding persons or professionals bound by an obligation of confidentiality (Article 30(2)) No access
              4. 4. Conditions and limitations on specific measures (Article 30(3)) No access
              5. 5. Further conditions and limitations; non-compliance by a Member State No access
            2. II. Member States’ obligation to make further measures available to EDP (Article 30(4)) No access
              1. 1. Proportionality and subsidiarity requirement (Article 30(5) sentence 1) No access
              2. 2. Procedures and modalities (Article 30(5) sentence 2) No access
          3. C. Assessment No access
        2. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          2. B. Cross-border investigations – “single Office” without “single legal area” No access
            1. I. The respective tasks of the handling and the assisting EDP (Article 31(1)) No access
            2. II. Adoption and assignment of an investigation measure (Article 31(2)) No access
              1. 1. Overview – the concept of “judicial authorisation” No access
              2. 2. Judicial authorisation required in Member State of the assisting EDP (Article 31(3)[1] and [2]) No access
              3. 3. Judicial authorisation required only in Member State of the handling EDP (Article 31(3) No access
              1. 1. Undertake the measure or instruct a national authority (Article 31(4)) No access
              2. 2. Consultation requirement (Article 31(5)) No access
              3. 3. Decision-making competence of Permanent Chamber (Article 31(7) and (8)) No access
            5. V. Possible recourse to instruments on mutual recognition or mutual legal assistance (Article 31(6)) No access
          4. D. Judicial review of cross-border investigation measures No access
          5. E. Assessment No access
        3. Authors:
          1. Analysis and interpretation of elements No access
        4. Authors:
          1. A. Purpose of the provision, legislative history No access
            1. I. Arrest and pre-trial detention (Article 33(1)) No access
            2. II. Issuance of an EAW (Article 33(2)) No access
        1. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          2. B. The concept of referral and transfer of proceedings No access
              1. 1. No EPPO competence (Article 34(1)) No access
              2. 2. EPPO should not exercise competence (Article 34(2)) No access
              3. 3. Optional referral in less serious cases (Article 34(3) and (4)) No access
              4. 4. Referral instead of dismissal by the EPPO (Article 34(6)) No access
            2. II. Legal consequences if national authority does not take the case (Article 34(5)) No access
            3. III. Transferring the file to the national authority (Article 34(7) and (8)) No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        2. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          2. B. Decision making processes and the EPPO’s structure No access
              1. 1. Investigations considered to be completed No access
              2. 2. Possible decisions to be taken No access
              3. 3. Decision making procedures No access
            2. II. Proposal on the choice of forum (Article 35(3)) No access
            3. III. Role and procedures of the Permanent Chamber (Article 35(2)) No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        3. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          2. B. The EPPO as prosecutor in the national courts No access
              1. 1. Decision-making procedure No access
              2. 2. Decision making powers of the Chamber No access
              1. 1. The EPPO’s decision to choose a forum for prosecution No access
              2. 2. Judicial review of the choice of forum by the EPPO No access
            3. III. Joining cases for purpose of prosecution (Article 36(4)) No access
            4. IV. Determination of the competent national court (Article 36(5)) No access
            5. V. Information on decision to prosecute (Article 36(6)) No access
            6. VI. Decision-making procedures in the main proceedings No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        4. Authors:
          1. A. Purpose of the provision; legislative history No access
            1. I. Admissibility of evidence (Article 37(1)) No access
            2. II. Assessment of evidence (Article 37(2)) No access
        5. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          2. B. Minimum requirements on confiscation measures under Union law No access
            1. I. Referral to national law (Article 38 sentence 1) No access
            2. II. Compensation of victims (Article 38 sentence 2) No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        1. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
            1. I. Scope No access
            2. II. Dismissal of cases beyond Article 39 No access
                1. a) Death; winding up of a legal person No access
                2. b) Insanity No access
                3. c) Amnesty No access
                4. d) Immunity No access
                5. e) Statutory limitation to prosecute No access
                6. f) Ne bis in idem No access
                7. g) Lack of relevant evidence No access
              2. 2. Procedure; judicial review No access
            2. II. Reopening investigations (Article 39(2)) No access
              1. 1. Applicability No access
              2. 2. Grounds for dismissal; relation to Article 34(1) and (3) No access
              3. 3. Procedure No access
              1. 1. Notification No access
              2. 2. Recovery and other administrative follow-up No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
        1. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
            1. I. Scope No access
            2. II. Simplified prosecution procedures in applicable national law No access
              1. 1. Procedure; discretion No access
              2. 2. Consultation with national prosecution authorities (Article 40(1)[2]) No access
              1. 1. Procedure; discretion; judicial review (Article 40(2)[1]) No access
              2. 2. Specific criteria to be taken into account (Article 40(2)[1]) No access
              3. 3. Guidelines (Article 40(2)[2]) No access
            3. III. Application of a simplified prosecution procedure and disposal of the case (Article 40(3)) No access
          4. D. Assessment No access
      1. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
        2. B. Defence rights in Europeanised criminal proceedings No access
            1. 1. Personal, material and temporal scope No access
            2. 2. Rights of suspects and accused persons enshrined in the Charter No access
            3. 3. Full compliance No access
            1. 1. Personal, material and temporal scope No access
            2. 2. Procedural rights provided for in Union law as a minimum standard No access
              1. a) Right to interpretation and translation (Directive 2010/64/EU) No access
              2. b) Right to information and access to the case materials (Directive 2012/13/EU) No access
              3. c) Right of access to a lawyer and the right to communicate with and have third persons informed in the event of detention (Directive 2013/48/EU) No access
              4. d) Right to remain silent and the right to be presumed innocent (Directive (EU) 2016/343) No access
              5. e) Right to legal aid (Directive (EU) 2016/1919) No access
              6. f) Procedural rights provided for in other Union law; future legislative action No access
            1. 1. Personal, material and temporal scope No access
            2. 2. Subsidiarity to other provisions in Articles 41 and 42 No access
            3. 3. Reference to applicable national law on procedural rights No access
        4. D. Assessment No access
      2. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          1. I. Scope ratione materiae No access
          2. II. Treaty compliance and raison d’être No access
            1. 1. Competence of the national courts – no competence of the CJEU No access
              1. a) Procedural acts of the EPPO No access
              2. b) Acts intended to produce legal effects vis-à-vis third parties No access
              3. c) EPPO’s failures to act No access
              1. a) Requirements and procedures laid down by national law No access
              2. b) Benchmarks for the review by national courts No access
              3. c) Possible types of decisions by national courts No access
            4. 4. Member States’ obligation to provide effective judicial review No access
            5. 5. Challengeable procedural acts of the EPPO No access
              1. a) Possibility to request a preliminary ruling No access
              2. b) Obligation to request a preliminary ruling No access
              3. c) Formulating preliminary questions and legal effects of preliminary rulings on validity No access
            2. 2. Interpretation or validity of Union law (Article 42(2)(b)) No access
            3. 3. Conflicts of competence (Article 42(2)(c)) No access
          3. III. Competence of the CJEU for review of the EPPO’s decision to dismiss a case (Article 42(3)) No access
            1. 1. Disputes relating to compensation for damage (Article 42(4)) No access
            2. 2. Disputes concerning arbitration clauses (Article 42(5)) No access
            3. 3. Disputes concerning staff matters (Article 42(6)) No access
            4. 4. Dismissal of the European Chief Prosecutor or European Prosecutors (Article 42(7)) No access
              1. a) Judicial review of decisions that affect the data subject’s rights under Chapter VIII of the Regulation No access
              2. b) Judicial review of administrative decisions of the EPPO No access
        4. D. Assessment No access
      1. Article 43 Access to information by the EPPO No access 540 - 542
        Authors:
      2. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
        2. B. Analysis of the individual provisions No access
      3. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          1. I. Opening and managing of case files No access
          2. II. Access to case files No access
      4. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
        2. B. Analysis of the individual provisions No access
      1. Authors:
        1. [SECTION 1] [Principles] No access
      2. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          1. I. General principles of data protection (Article 47(1)) No access
          2. II. The principle of accountability and the scope of Chapter VIII (Article 47(2)) No access
          3. III. Processing for purposes other than that for which the data have been collected (Article 47(3)) No access
      3. Article 48 Administrative personal data No access 573 - 574
        Authors:
      4. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          1. I. Purpose definition and limitation (Article 49(1)) No access
          2. II. Temporary processing for other purposes (Article 49(4)) No access
          3. III. Categories of personal data (Article 49(2) and (3)) No access
          4. IV. Keeping track of the origin of personal data (Article 49(5)) No access
          5. V. Compliance with national procedural law (Article 49(6)) No access
      5. Article 50 Time-limits for the storage of operational personal data No access 581 - 583
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      6. Article 51 Distinction between different categories of data subjects No access 583 - 585
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      7. Article 52 Distinction between operational personal data and verification of quality of personal data Distinction between operational personal data and verification of personal data No access 585 - 587
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      8. Article 53 Specific processing conditions No access 587 - 589
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      9. Article 54 Transmission of operational personal data to institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union Transmission of operational personal data to institutions of the Union No access 589 - 591
        Authors:
      10. Article 55 Processing of special categories of operational personal data No access 591 - 593
        Authors:
      11. Authors:
        1. [SECTION 2] [Rights of the data subject] No access
      12. Article 57 Communication and modalities for exercising the rights of the data subject No access 594 - 597
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      13. Article 58 Information to be made available or given to the data subject No access 597 - 601
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      14. Article 59 Right of access by the data subject No access 601 - 603
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      15. Article 60 Limitations of the right of access No access 603 - 605
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      16. Article 61 Right to rectification or erasure of operational personal data and restriction of data processing Right to rectification or erasure of operational personal data No access 605 - 611
        Authors:
      17. Authors:
        1. [SECTION 3] [Controller and processor] No access
      18. Article 63 Obligations of the EPPO No access 613 - 614
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      19. Article 64 Joint controllers No access 614 - 617
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      20. Article 65 Processor No access 617 - 619
        Authors:
      21. Article 66 Processing under the authority of the controller or processor No access 619 - 620
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      22. Article 67 Data protection by design and by default No access 620 - 621
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      23. Article 68 Records of categories of processing activities No access 621 - 624
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      24. Article 69 Logging in respect of automated processing No access 624 - 625
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      25. Article 70 Cooperation with the European Data Protection Supervisor No access 625 - 626
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      26. Article 71 Data protection impact assessment No access 626 - 627
        Authors:
      27. Authors:
        1. [SECTION 4] [Security of personal data] No access
      28. Article 73 Security of processing of operational personal data No access 629 - 630
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      29. Article 74 Notification of a personal data breach to the European Data Protection Supervisor No access 630 - 631
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      30. Article 75 Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject No access 631 - 631
        Authors:
      31. Authors:
        1. [SECTION 5] [Data Protection Officer] No access
      32. Article 77 Designation of the Data Protection Officer No access 635 - 635
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      33. Article 78 Position of the Data Protection Officer No access 635 - 636
        Authors:
      34. Authors:
        1. [SECTION 6] [Transfers of personal data to third countries or international organisations] [Transfers of personal data to third countries or intern’l organisations] No access
      35. Article 80 General principles for transfers of operational personal data No access 641 - 642
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      36. Article 81 Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision No access 642 - 642
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      37. Article 82 Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards No access 642 - 643
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      38. Article 83 Derogations for specific situations No access 643 - 643
        Authors:
      39. Authors:
        1. [SECTION 7] [Tasks of the European Data Protection Supervisor] No access
      40. Article 85 Supervision by the European Data Protection Supervisor No access 653 - 654
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      41. Article 86 Professional secrecy of the European Data Protection Supervisor No access 654 - 654
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      42. Article 87 Cooperation between the European Data Protection Supervisor and national supervisory authorities No access 654 - 655
        Authors:
      43. Article 88 Right to lodge a complaint with the European Data Protection Supervisor No access 655 - 655
        Authors:
      44. Article 89 Right to judicial review against the European Data Protection Supervisor No access 655 - 659
        Authors:
        1. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          2. B. Relevant EU legal framework No access
          3. C. Analysis of the individual provisions No access
        2. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
            1. I. General budgetary principles (Article 91(1) to (4)) No access
            2. II. Operational expenditure (Article 91(5) and (6)) No access
            3. III. Budgetary consequences of enhanced cooperation (Article 91(7) and (8)) No access
        3. Article 92 Establishment of the budget No access 668 - 670
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        4. Article 93 Implementation of the budget No access 670 - 672
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        5. Article 94 Presentation of accounts and discharge No access 672 - 675
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        6. Article 95 Financial rules No access 675 - 677
          Authors:
        1. Authors:
          1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
            1. I. Applicability of EUSR and CEOS (Article 96(1) and (2)) No access
            2. II. Role and competences of the appointing authority (Article 96(3)) No access
            3. III. The EPPO’s implementing rules (Article 96(4)) No access
            4. IV. Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities (Article 96(5)) No access
              1. 1. Status as “Special Advisor” in accordance with the CEOS No access
              2. 2. Responsibilities of the national authorities No access
              3. 3. Employment conditions and work environment No access
            6. VI. Independence of the EPs and the EDPs (Article 96(7)) No access
        2. Article 97 Temporary agents and contract agents No access 687 - 688
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        3. Article 98 Seconded national experts and other staff No access 688 - 691
          Authors:
      1. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          1. I. Cooperative Relations (Article 99(1)) No access
          2. II. Exchange of Information (Article 99(2)) No access
          3. III. Working Arrangements (Article 99(3)) No access
        3. C. Assessment No access
      2. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          1. I. Eurojust: legal basis, objective, tasks No access
          2. II. Coordination of the execution of Eurojust’s and the EPPO’s competences No access
          3. III. Eurojust’s cooperation with the EPPO No access
          1. I. Relationship with Eurojust; regular meetings (Article 100(1)) No access
          2. II. Operational cooperation (Article 100(2)) No access
          3. III. Indirect access to case management systems (Article 100(3)) No access
          4. IV. Assistance in administrative matters (Article 100(4)) No access
        4. D. Assessment No access
      3. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          1. I. OLAF: legal basis, objective, tasks No access
          2. II. Administrative investigations by OLAF under the OLAF Regulation (Regulation [EU, Euratom] No 883/2013) No access
          3. III. On the relation between OLAF and the EPPO No access
          1. I. Relationship with OLAF (Article 101(1)) No access
          2. II. Precedence of criminal investigations by the EPPO (Article 101(2)) No access
          3. III. Supportive or complementary actions on request by the EPPO (Article 101(3)) No access
          4. IV. Information on cases not brought to judgment (Article 101(4)) No access
          5. V. Indirect access to case management systems (Article 101(5)) No access
        4. D. Assessment No access
      4. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          1. I. Europol: legal basis, objective, tasks No access
          2. II. Europol’s role relating to the investigation of PIF offences No access
          3. III. Information sharing by Europol and Europol’s information and data protection regime No access
          4. IV. Indirect access to Europol’s data (Article 20a(3) Europol Regulation) No access
          1. I. Relationship with Europol; working arrangement (Article 102(1)) No access
          2. II. Request for information (Article 102(2) alternative 1) No access
          3. III. Inquiry for analytical support (Article 102(2) alternative 2) No access
        4. D. Assessment No access
      5. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
        2. B. On the role of the victim in the EPPO Regulation No access
          1. I. Relation with the Commission (Article 103(1)) No access
            1. 1. General remarks No access
            2. 2. Specific measures No access
        4. D. Assessment No access
      6. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
            1. 1. Working arrangements (Article 104(1)) No access
            2. 2. Contact points in third countries (Article 104(2)) No access
              1. a) Analysis of Article 104(3) No access
              2. b) International agreements No access
            2. 2. International agreements between Member States and third countries: the EPPO as a competent authority (Article 104(4)) No access
            3. 3. Recourse to the national level for requesting legal assistance from third countries (Article 104(5)[1]) No access
            4. 4. Requests for legal assistance by the EPPO (Article 104(5)[2]) No access
            5. 5. Outgoing legal assistance (Article 104(6)) No access
          3. III. Extradition (Article 104(7)) No access
        3. C. Assessment No access
      7. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
            1. 1. Working arrangements (Article 105(1)) No access
            2. 2. Contact points in non-participating Member States (Article 105(2)) No access
            1. 1. (Future) legal instruments No access
              1. a) Analysis of the provision No access
              2. b) Union acts on judicial cooperation not requiring the notification of authorities No access
              3. c) Specific instruments No access
        3. C. Assessment No access
      1. Article 106 Legal status and operating conditions No access 764 - 766
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      2. Article 107 Language arrangements No access 766 - 768
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      3. Article 108 Confidentiality and professional secrecy No access 768 - 770
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      4. Article 109 Transparency No access 770 - 772
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      5. Article 110 OLAF and the Court of Auditors No access 772 - 774
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      6. Article 111 Rules on the protection of sensitive non-classified and classified information No access 774 - 776
        Authors:
      7. Article 112 Administrative inquiries No access 776 - 777
        Authors:
      8. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          1. I. Contractual liability of the EPPO (Article 113(1), (2) and (6)) No access
          2. II. Non-contractual liability of the EPPO (Article 113(3) to (5)) No access
          3. III. Personal liability of the EPPO’s staff (Article 113(7)) No access
      9. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction No access
        2. B. Procedure; “implementing rules” and “programme documents” No access
        3. C. Minimum set of “implementing rules” and “programme documents” No access
      10. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction No access
        2. B. Material and temporal scope of delegation powers in the EPPO Regulation (Article 115(1) to (3)) No access
        3. C. Adoption of delegated acts and related procedural aspects (Article 115(4) to (6)) No access
      11. Article 116 Urgency procedure No access 787 - 788
        Authors:
      12. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction No access
        2. B. Designation and notification of relevant authorities (Article 117 sentence 1 and 2) No access
        3. C. Notification of national substantive criminal law provisions (Article 117 sentence 3) No access
        4. D. Notification of limitations to specific investigation measures (Article 117 sentence 5) No access
        5. E. Transparency (Article 117 sentence 4) No access
      13. Article 118 Review of the rules relating to the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the EPPO Review of the rules relating to the protection of natural persons No access 792 - 794
        Authors:
      14. Authors:
        1. A. Purpose of the provision; legislative history No access
          1. I. Evaluation (Article 119(1)) No access
          2. II. Legislative proposals (Article 119(2)) No access
      15. Authors:
        1. A. Introduction; genesis of the provision No access
          1. I. Entry into force (Article 120(1)) No access
          2. II. Temporal competence (Article 120(2)[1]) No access
          3. III. Deferred exercise of competence (Article 120(2)[2] and [3]) No access
          4. IV. Subsequent participation, withdrawal, and accession (Article 120(2)[4]) No access
        3. C. Assessment No access
      1. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Austria No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Austria No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Art. 24(1) and (2) EPPO-Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Art. 28(1) EPPO-Regulation)) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations or prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation measures (Art. 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO-Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO-Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial review (Art. 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
        4. D. Other matters of relevance concerning the EPPO in Austria No access
      2. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Belgium No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Belgium No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation measures (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Bulgaria No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Bulgaria No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
      4. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Croatia No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Croatia No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between the EPPO and national authorities No access
            1. 1. Relevant material law applicable to EPPO investigations and prosecutions No access
            2. 2. Relevant procedural law applicable to EPPO investigations and prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31 and 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
      5. Authors:
          1. I. Introduction to the legal system in Cyprus No access
          2. II. Implementing the EPPO Regulation in Cyprus No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Cyprus No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Art. 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Art. 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation (Art. 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigation and prosecution (Art. 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial review (Art. 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
        4. D. Other matters of relevance concerning the EPPO in Cyprus No access
      6. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Czechia No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Czechia No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation measures (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial review (Art. 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
      7. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Estonia No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Estonia No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations and prosecutions No access
            1. 1. Investigation measures and access to information No access
            2. 2. Language of the proceedings No access
            3. 3. Cross border investigations (Article 31 EPPO Regulation) No access
            1. 1. Admissibility of evidence No access
            2. 2. The effect of Permanent Chamber decisions No access
            3. 3. Prosecution and simplified procedure No access
          4. IV. Judicial review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
      8. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Finland No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Finland No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Art. 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national legislation applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation Phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigation and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial review (Art. 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
        4. D. Other matters of relevance concerning the EPPO in Finland – Differences between the English and the Finnish version of Article 27(6) of the EPPO Regulation No access
      9. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in France No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in France No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. The implementation of EPPO competence in French legislation No access
            1. 1. The different frameworks applicable to French European Delegated Prosecutors No access
              1. a) General overview No access
              2. b) Implementation in accordance with the EPPO Regulation No access
            3. 3. Specificities of Article 696–114 of the French Code of Criminal Procedure No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
      10. Authors:
          1. I. Implementing legislation and its main content No access
          2. II. Information campaigns, guidelines or instructions addressed to national authorities in order to ensure effective cooperation with the EPPO No access
          3. III. Practical measures taken in order to ensure effective functioning of the EPPO No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Germany No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2)) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1)) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
            1. 1. Powers of German European Delegated Prosecutors and possible ultra vires acts No access
            2. 2. Procedural tools available to the European Delegated Prosecutor under German law No access
            3. 3. Competent courts for German European Delegated Prosecutors and judicial authorisation No access
            1. 1. Competence in the post-investigation phase No access
            2. 2. Admissibility of evidence No access
            3. 3. Applicability of grounds for dismissal which are not listed in Article 39(1) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42) No access
      11. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Greece No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Greece No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO-Reg) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO-Reg) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO-Reg) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO-Reg) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42 EPPO-Reg) No access
      12. Authors:
          1. I. Italian implementing legislation and its main content No access
          2. II. Information campaigns, guidelines or instructions addressed to national authorities in order to ensure effective cooperation with the EPPO No access
          3. III. Practical measures taken in order to ensure the effective functioning of the EPPO No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Italy No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
      13. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Latvia No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Latvia No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
            1. 1. Criminal Procedure Law No access
            2. 2. Implementation of the PIF-Directive No access
            3. 3. Implementation of directives on procedural rights No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
        4. D. Other matters of relevance concerning the EPPO in Latvia No access
      14. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Lithuania No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Lithuania No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
            1. 1. Code of Criminal Procedure and Orders and recommendations by the Prosecutor General No access
            2. 2. Substantive criminal law – implementation of the PIF-Directive No access
            3. 3. Procedural rights – implementation of the respective EU Directives No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31 and 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
      15. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Luxembourg No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Luxembourg No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO-Reg) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO-Reg) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO-Reg) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigation and prosecution (Art. 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42 EPPO-Reg) No access
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Malta No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Malta No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
      17. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in The Netherlands No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in The Netherlands No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
      18. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Poland No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Poland No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO-Reg) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Art. 28(1) EPPO-Reg) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Art. 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO-Reg) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigation (Art. 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO-Reg) No access
          4. IV. Judicial review (Art. 42) No access
      19. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Portugal No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Portugal No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO-Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO-Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations and prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO-Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO-Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42 EPPO-Regulation) No access
      20. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Romania No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Romania No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
            1. 1. Applicable national procedural law No access
            2. 2. Implementation of the PIF-Directive No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial Review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
      21. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the regulation on the European Prosecutor’s Office in the Slovak Republic No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in the Slovak Republic No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between the EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial review (Article 42) No access
        4. D. Other important matters concerning the European Prosecutor’s Office in the Slovak Republic No access
      22. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Slovenia No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Slovenia No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) of the EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between EPPO and national authorities No access
            1. 1. Further details on implementing legislation referred to under point A above No access
            2. 2. Implementation of the PIF Directive in Slovenia No access
            3. 3. Implementation of the Directives on procedural rights (Article 41 EPPO Regulation) No access
            1. 1. Powers of European Delegated Prosecutors (Article 13(1), 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
            2. 2. List of investigative measures (Article 30(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
            3. 3. Declarations under Article 30(3) EPPO Regulation No access
            4. 4. Competent trial courts, cross-border cooperation and judicial authorisation No access
            5. 5. Admissibility of evidence (Article 37 EPPO Regulation) No access
            6. 6. Dismissal of cases (Article 39 EPPO Regulation) No access
            7. 7. Simplified prosecution (Article 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Judicial review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
      23. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Spain No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Spain No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO-Reg. No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO-Reg.) No access
            1. 1. Negative conflict of competence (Supreme Court decision 20424/2022, of 9 June) No access
            2. 2. Positive conflict between EPPO and Anti-Corruption Prosecution Office (decision of the GPPO of 28 March 2022) No access
            3. 3. Negative Conflict of competence between EPPO and IJ (decision 20136/2023, of 20 February) No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations/prosecutions No access
            1. 1. Powers of the EDP No access
            2. 2. Admissibility of evidence No access
            3. 3. Simplified proceedings No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO-Reg.) No access
          4. IV. Judicial review (Article 42 EPPO-Reg.) No access
      24. Authors:
        1. A. Implementation of the EPPO Regulation in Sweden No access
          1. I. Structure of the EPPO in Sweden No access
          2. II. Reporting of cases by national authorities (Article 24(1) and (2) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Involvement of national authorities in EPPO investigations (Article 28(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Conflicts of competence between the EPPO and national authorities No access
          1. I. Relevant national law applicable to EPPO investigations and prosecutions No access
          2. II. Investigation phase (Articles 13(1), 30, 31, 43(1) EPPO Regulation) No access
          3. III. Termination of the investigations and prosecution (Articles 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40 EPPO Regulation) No access
          4. IV. Judicial review (Article 42 EPPO Regulation) No access
          1. I. Amendment of charges No access
          2. II. Preparatory offences No access
          3. III. Access to public documents No access
          4. IV. Damages on account of crimes and disposition of confiscated assets No access
    15. Index No access 1143 - 1167

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