Trade Relations after Brexit

Friedemann Kainer; René Repasi

doi:10.5771/9783845293349

Summary

The exit of the United Kingdom from the EU represents the first large-scale reversal of European integration. It will, in particular, have an appreciable impact on the trade relations with the European continent. This edited volume brings together contributions from leading economists and legal scholars that raise crucial questions and challenges with respect to the Brexit negotiations. In doing so, the contributions do not only look at the withdrawal agreement but, beyond that, at the future trade relations between the UK and the EU after the entry into force of a possible withdrawal agreement.

The authors are driven by the conviction that the future relationship between EU and UK shall allow the utmost possible degree of economic freedoms in the benefit of both sides, taking into account political restraints deriving from UK to meet the main objectives of the Brexit campaign and addressing the special circumstance of the Northern Irish peace process, and from the EU, preventing the emergence of incentives to destabilise the European integration. Against this background, the contributions develop realistic solutions which can serve as a reliable model for the negotiation process.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2019
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-5133-4
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-9334-9
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 415
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 6
Trade Relations after Brexit: An Introduction No access Pages 7 - 14 Friedemann Kainer, René Repasi
1. Elmar Brok, Anne Liekenbrock
  1. Elmar Brok, Anne Liekenbrock
    1. The UK’s loss of sovereignty No access Elmar Brok, Anne Liekenbrock
    2. Migration No access Elmar Brok, Anne Liekenbrock
    3. EU, the Bottomless Money Pit No access Elmar Brok, Anne Liekenbrock
  2. The UK’s Take in the Negotiation and the EU’s Dilemma No access Elmar Brok, Anne Liekenbrock
  3. The UK’s Red Lines No access Elmar Brok, Anne Liekenbrock
  4. Slow Progress No access Elmar Brok, Anne Liekenbrock
  5. The Economic Implications of Brexit No access Elmar Brok, Anne Liekenbrock
  6. Resume No access Elmar Brok, Anne Liekenbrock
2. Patrick Minford
  1. I. Un peu d’histoire No access Patrick Minford
  2. Patrick Minford
    1. The economic effects of Brexit No access Patrick Minford
  3. Patrick Minford
    1. A. EU trade negotiations: the outcome from a full Brexit compared with a Soft Brexit No access Patrick Minford
    2. B. What if there was no Trade Deal with the EU? No access Patrick Minford
    3. C. Canada-plus: the only possible negotiated outcome No access Patrick Minford
  4. IV. Conclusions: the post-Brexit world will be a better world No access Patrick Minford
3. Jürgen Matthes
  1. A. Introduction No access Jürgen Matthes
  2. Jürgen Matthes
    1. Jürgen Matthes
      1. 1. Early studies No access Jürgen Matthes
      2. 2. Qualification of the early studies No access Jürgen Matthes
      3. 3. Newer studies No access Jürgen Matthes
    2. Jürgen Matthes
      1. 1. Additional static trade effects No access Jürgen Matthes
      2. 2. Additional dynamic trade effects No access Jürgen Matthes
      3. 3. Additional non-trade effects of economic integration No access Jürgen Matthes
    3. Jürgen Matthes
      1. 1. What scope for deregulation? No access Jürgen Matthes
      2. 2. What potential for “Global Britain” and new FTAs with third countries? No access Jürgen Matthes
      3. 3. No more contributions to the EU? No access Jürgen Matthes
  3. Jürgen Matthes
    1. I. Limited impact of Brexit in 2016 No access Jürgen Matthes
    2. II. Losses in real income in 2017 due to pound devaluation No access Jürgen Matthes
    3. III. Slower economic growth and investment No access Jürgen Matthes
  4. Jürgen Matthes
    1. I. Long-term implications No access Jürgen Matthes
    2. II. Short-term implications No access Jürgen Matthes
  5. E. Bibliography No access Jürgen Matthes
1. Christoph Herrmann
  1. A. Introduction No access Christoph Herrmann
  2. B. Trade policy background for the Brexit process No access Christoph Herrmann
  3. Christoph Herrmann
    1. I. Starting point: Parallel membership of EU and EU Member States in the WTO No access Christoph Herrmann
    2. Christoph Herrmann
      1. 1. Formal membership status No access Christoph Herrmann
      2. 2. Scope of legal obligations No access Christoph Herrmann
      3. 3. Schedules of Concessions; Tariff Rate Quotas (TRQ) No access Christoph Herrmann
      4. 4. Agricultural subsidies No access Christoph Herrmann
      5. 5. Market access for services No access Christoph Herrmann
      6. 6. Dispute settlement mechanism No access Christoph Herrmann
      7. 7. Trade defence measures No access Christoph Herrmann
  4. D. Other EU trade agreements No access Christoph Herrmann
  5. E. Future EU 27-UK trade relations No access Christoph Herrmann
  6. F. Brexit and investment protection No access Christoph Herrmann
  7. G. UK’s third country trade relations No access Christoph Herrmann
  8. H. Conclusion No access Christoph Herrmann
2. René Repasi
  1. A. The ‘Brexit’ Challenge in Trade: Maintaining or Establishing Integrated Markets with Means other than a Single Market No access René Repasi
  2. B. Positions on the Future Relationship between the UK and the EU No access René Repasi
  3. René Repasi
    1. I. Object Common to all Trade Cooperation: Reducing Costs Attached to Cross-Border Economic Activities No access René Repasi
    2. René Repasi
      1. 1. Intensity of Trade Cooperation No access René Repasi
      2. 2. Means to Implement Trade Cooperation No access René Repasi
      3. 3. Enforcement of Trade Cooperation No access René Repasi
      4. 4. Scope of Trade Cooperation No access René Repasi
      5. 5. Analytical Grid No access René Repasi
    3. René Repasi
      1. 1. Setting the Benchmark: Membership in the European Union No access René Repasi
      2. 2. Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement: The Example of CETA No access René Repasi
      3. 3. The Political Declaration Setting out the Framework for the Future Relationship No access René Repasi
    4. IV. Interim Conclusion No access René Repasi
  4. René Repasi
    1. René Repasi
      1. 1. Agreement No access René Repasi
      2. 2. Delegation of Powers to Treaty Bodies No access René Repasi
      3. 3. International Organisation No access René Repasi
    2. René Repasi
      1. 1. Limits Inherent to Agreements No access René Repasi
      2. 2. Limits Inherent to the Delegation of Powers to Treaty Bodies No access René Repasi
      3. 3. Limits Inherent to the Delegation of Powers to International Organisations No access René Repasi
    3. III. Including the Limits of Available Legal Instruments into the Analytical Grid No access René Repasi
    4. IV. Interim Conclusion No access René Repasi
  5. E. Free Trade Agreements are no Means to Maintain the Existing Level of Market Integration between the UK and the EU No access René Repasi
  6. F. Conclusions No access René Repasi
3. Friedemann Kainer
  1. I. Introduction No access Friedemann Kainer
  2. Friedemann Kainer
    1. 1. Common Standards and Efficiency in Trade No access Friedemann Kainer
    2. 2. The Case for Services No access Friedemann Kainer
    3. Friedemann Kainer
      1. a) The principle of competition under the Internal Market law No access Friedemann Kainer
      2. b) Distortions of Competition due to Differences in Regulatory Costs No access Friedemann Kainer
    4. 4. Interim Conclusion No access Friedemann Kainer
  3. Friedemann Kainer
    1. 1. Harmonisation: EEA and the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement No access Friedemann Kainer
    2. 2. Regulatory Cooperation: The CETA Approach No access Friedemann Kainer
    3. 3. Autonomous Alignment: The Swiss Model No access Friedemann Kainer
    4. 4. Minimum Standards and Non-Regression: The Backstop Protocol No access Friedemann Kainer
    5. 5. Analysis No access Friedemann Kainer
  4. Friedemann Kainer
    1. 1. The Need for a Bespoke, Comprehensive, and Living Agreement No access Friedemann Kainer
    2. Friedemann Kainer
      1. a) A Forum for Regulatory Cooperation No access Friedemann Kainer
      2. b) Monitoring Regulatory Alignment No access Friedemann Kainer
      3. c) Decision Making No access Friedemann Kainer
      4. d) Institutional Setting No access Friedemann Kainer
    3. 3. Conditionality of Market Access No access Friedemann Kainer
    4. 4. The Need for Legal Protection No access Friedemann Kainer
    5. 5. Voluntary Equivalence as Case for Cherry Picking? No access Friedemann Kainer
  5. V. Summary No access Friedemann Kainer
1. Armin Cuyvers
  1. 1. Introduction: the enduring importance of goods No access Armin Cuyvers
  2. Armin Cuyvers
    1. 2.1. Customs duties and charges having equivalent effect No access Armin Cuyvers
    2. 2.2. Fiscal barriers due to internal taxation No access Armin Cuyvers
    3. 2.3. Non-tariff barriers No access Armin Cuyvers
    4. 2.4. The legal machinery behind free movement of goods No access Armin Cuyvers
  3. 3. The backstop and the minimum content of a future arrangement for goods No access Armin Cuyvers
  4. Armin Cuyvers
    1. 4.1. Customs duties and charges having equivalent effect under the white paper No access Armin Cuyvers
    2. 4.2. Fiscal barriers due to internal taxation and the white paper No access Armin Cuyvers
    3. 4.3. Non-tariff barriers and the white paper No access Armin Cuyvers
    4. 4.4. The legal machinery behind free movement of goods and the white paper No access Armin Cuyvers
  5. Armin Cuyvers
    1. 5.1. Falling short: regulatory models for goods that do not prevent a hard border No access Armin Cuyvers
    2. 5.2. Regulatory models that do prevent a hard border (at a cost) No access Armin Cuyvers
    3. 5.3. Time for hard choices: the UK trilemma No access Armin Cuyvers
    4. 5.4. Time for serious self-reflection: the EU choices No access Armin Cuyvers
2. Gavin Barrett
  1. Introduction – the Importance of Services No access Gavin Barrett
  2. The Particular Case of Financial Services No access Gavin Barrett
  3. Relevant Considerations in Negotiating a Brexit Deal on Services No access Gavin Barrett
  4. Possible Negotiation Outcomes Regarding the Free Movement of Services No access Gavin Barrett
  5. Retention of EU Membership No access Gavin Barrett
  6. EEA-Style Agreement/EEA-plus-Customs Union-Style Agreement No access Gavin Barrett
  7. Free Trade Areas and the Free Movement of Services No access Gavin Barrett
  8. CETA plus-style (or EEA minus-style) agreement No access Gavin Barrett
  9. Ukraine-style association agreement No access Gavin Barrett
  10. CETA/Korea-style agreement. No access Gavin Barrett
  11. The ‘No Deal’ Scenario No access Gavin Barrett
  12. Developments During the Negotiations on Brexit and their Relevance to the Free Movement of Services No access Gavin Barrett
  13. Mansion House speech No access Gavin Barrett
  14. Chequers No access Gavin Barrett
  15. The July White Paper No access Gavin Barrett
  16. The Withdrawal Agreement and Associated Political Declaration No access Gavin Barrett
  17. Ground Zero: the Looming Danger of a No Deal Scenario No access Gavin Barrett
  18. Endnote? No access Gavin Barrett
3. Wolf-Georg Ringe
  1. Abstract No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
  2. 1. Introduction No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
  3. Wolf-Georg Ringe
    1. 2.1 No More Passporting Post Brexit No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
    2. 2.2 No alternative—EEA Membership or Bespoke Arrangement No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
    3. 2.3 Anticipatory Action and Fait Accompli No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
    4. 2.4 Conclusion: End of Access to Financial Market? No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
  4. Wolf-Georg Ringe
    1. 3.1 The Economic Case for Access to the Internal Market—for the UK No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
    2. 3.2 The Case for Continental Europe to Stay with Britain No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
    3. 3.3 Avoiding a Precedent? No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
    4. 3.4 Political Constraints No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
    5. 3.5 Currently Hardening Stances No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
  5. Wolf-Georg Ringe
    1. 4.1 Lessons from EU Financial Integration No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
    2. 4.2 Reason to Worry? No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
    3. 4.3 Implications for Brexit No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
  6. Wolf-Georg Ringe
    1. 5.1 ‘Special Deal’ As Most Likely Outcome No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
    2. 5.2 Alternative: Equivalence and Third-Country Passport No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
    3. 5.3 Private Solutions No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
  7. 6. Conclusion No access Wolf-Georg Ringe
4. Menelaos Markakis
  1. I. Introduction No access Menelaos Markakis
  2. Menelaos Markakis
    1. 1. The legal effects and interpretation of the Withdrawal Agreement No access Menelaos Markakis
    2. 2. The personal scope of the Withdrawal Agreement with respect to citizens’ rights No access Menelaos Markakis
    3. 3. Administrative procedures for applications for status No access Menelaos Markakis
    4. 4. The substantive provisions on citizens’ rights No access Menelaos Markakis
  3. Menelaos Markakis
    1. 1. Foundational issues and methods for interpretation No access Menelaos Markakis
    2. 2. The personal scope of citizens’ rights No access Menelaos Markakis
    3. 3. Rights related to residence No access Menelaos Markakis
    4. 4. Residence documents No access Menelaos Markakis
    5. 5. The rights of workers and self-employed persons No access Menelaos Markakis
    6. 6. Other provisions No access Menelaos Markakis
  4. IV. The future mobility framework No access Menelaos Markakis
  5. V. Some reflections on citizens’ rights after Brexit No access Menelaos Markakis
5. Florian Wagner-von Papp
  1. A. Introduction No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
  2. Florian Wagner-von Papp
    1. Florian Wagner-von Papp
      1. 1. Block Exemptions No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
      2. 2. Alignment or divergence in the longer run? No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
    2. II. Mergers No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
    3. III. Market Investigations No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
    4. IV. State Aid No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
  3. Florian Wagner-von Papp
    1. I. Public enforcement: cooperation in the ECN and the Advisory Committee on concentrations. No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
    2. II. Public enforcement: cooperation with third countries. No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
    3. III. Public enforcement: resource implications No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
    4. Florian Wagner-von Papp
      1. 1. Recognition and enforcement No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
      2. 2. Follow-on actions based on Commission decisions No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
  4. D. Transitional arrangements No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
  5. E. What if the UK stayed in the EEA? No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
  6. F. Changes from the perspective of the EU No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
  7. G. Conclusion No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
  8. Bibliography No access Florian Wagner-von Papp
6. Albert Sanchez-Graells
  1. A. Introduction No access Albert Sanchez-Graells
  2. Albert Sanchez-Graells
    1. I. Dismantling of non-tariff barriers to trade in public markets No access Albert Sanchez-Graells
    2. II. Administrative cooperation as a trade-facilitation strategy No access Albert Sanchez-Graells
    3. III. Boosting the enforceability of the rules No access Albert Sanchez-Graells
  3. Albert Sanchez-Graells
    1. I. Preventing the re-appearance of non-tariff barriers to trade in public markets No access Albert Sanchez-Graells
    2. II. Continued administrative cooperation as a trade-facilitation strategy No access Albert Sanchez-Graells
    3. III. Retaining the enforceability of the rules No access Albert Sanchez-Graells
  4. D. Concluding remarks No access Albert Sanchez-Graells
7. Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
  1. Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
    1. I. Reasons for Specific EU-UK Common Substantive Rules. No access Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
    2. II. Scenario of No Agreement on Common Substantive Rules No access Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
    3. III. Lack of Common Rules on Judicial Protection. No access Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
  2. Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
    1. I. Presumptions No access Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
    2. II. Uniformity of Existing Law. No access Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
    3. III. Uniformity of Future Legislation. No access Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
  3. Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
    1. I. Presumptions. No access Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
    2. Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
      1. 1. Absence Model (Full Judicial Autonomy of Both Sides). No access Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
      2. 2. Cooperation Model (Modified Judicial Autonomy). No access Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
      3. 3. Common Dispute Resolution Model. No access Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
      4. 4. The Inclusion Model No access Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
  4. D. Conclusion. No access Peter-Christian Müller-Graff