Trade Relations after Brexit

Friedemann Kainer; René Repasi

doi:10.5771/9783845293349

Summary

The exit of the United Kingdom from the EU represents the first large-scale reversal of European integration. It will, in particular, have an appreciable impact on the trade relations with the European continent. This edited volume brings together contributions from leading economists and legal scholars that raise crucial questions and challenges with respect to the Brexit negotiations. In doing so, the contributions do not only look at the withdrawal agreement but, beyond that, at the future trade relations between the UK and the EU after the entry into force of a possible withdrawal agreement.

The authors are driven by the conviction that the future relationship between EU and UK shall allow the utmost possible degree of economic freedoms in the benefit of both sides, taking into account political restraints deriving from UK to meet the main objectives of the Brexit campaign and addressing the special circumstance of the Northern Irish peace process, and from the EU, preventing the emergence of incentives to destabilise the European integration. Against this background, the contributions develop realistic solutions which can serve as a reliable model for the negotiation process.

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Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2019
Copyright year: 2019
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-5133-4
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-9334-9
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 415
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 6
Trade Relations after Brexit: An Introduction No access Pages 7 - 14
Authors:
1. Authors:
  1. Authors:
    1. The UK’s loss of sovereignty No access
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    2. Migration No access
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    3. EU, the Bottomless Money Pit No access
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  2. The UK’s Take in the Negotiation and the EU’s Dilemma No access
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  3. The UK’s Red Lines No access
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  4. Slow Progress No access
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  5. The Economic Implications of Brexit No access
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  6. Resume No access
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2. Authors:
  1. I. Un peu d’histoire No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. The economic effects of Brexit No access
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  3. Authors:
    1. A. EU trade negotiations: the outcome from a full Brexit compared with a Soft Brexit No access
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    2. B. What if there was no Trade Deal with the EU? No access
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    3. C. Canada-plus: the only possible negotiated outcome No access
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  4. IV. Conclusions: the post-Brexit world will be a better world No access
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3. Authors:
  1. A. Introduction No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. Authors:
      1. 1. Early studies No access
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      2. 2. Qualification of the early studies No access
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      3. 3. Newer studies No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1. Additional static trade effects No access
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      2. 2. Additional dynamic trade effects No access
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      3. 3. Additional non-trade effects of economic integration No access
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    3. Authors:
      1. 1. What scope for deregulation? No access
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      2. 2. What potential for “Global Britain” and new FTAs with third countries? No access
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      3. 3. No more contributions to the EU? No access
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  3. Authors:
    1. I. Limited impact of Brexit in 2016 No access
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    2. II. Losses in real income in 2017 due to pound devaluation No access
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    3. III. Slower economic growth and investment No access
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  4. Authors:
    1. I. Long-term implications No access
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    2. II. Short-term implications No access
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  5. E. Bibliography No access
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  1. A. Introduction No access
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  2. B. Trade policy background for the Brexit process No access
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    1. I. Starting point: Parallel membership of EU and EU Member States in the WTO No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1. Formal membership status No access
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      2. 2. Scope of legal obligations No access
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      3. 3. Schedules of Concessions; Tariff Rate Quotas (TRQ) No access
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      4. 4. Agricultural subsidies No access
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      5. 5. Market access for services No access
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      6. 6. Dispute settlement mechanism No access
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      7. 7. Trade defence measures No access
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  4. D. Other EU trade agreements No access
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  5. E. Future EU 27-UK trade relations No access
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  6. F. Brexit and investment protection No access
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  7. G. UK’s third country trade relations No access
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  8. H. Conclusion No access
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2. Authors:
  1. A. The ‘Brexit’ Challenge in Trade: Maintaining or Establishing Integrated Markets with Means other than a Single Market No access
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  2. B. Positions on the Future Relationship between the UK and the EU No access
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    1. I. Object Common to all Trade Cooperation: Reducing Costs Attached to Cross-Border Economic Activities No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1. Intensity of Trade Cooperation No access
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      2. 2. Means to Implement Trade Cooperation No access
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      3. 3. Enforcement of Trade Cooperation No access
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      4. 4. Scope of Trade Cooperation No access
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      5. 5. Analytical Grid No access
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    3. Authors:
      1. 1. Setting the Benchmark: Membership in the European Union No access
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      2. 2. Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement: The Example of CETA No access
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      3. 3. The Political Declaration Setting out the Framework for the Future Relationship No access
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    4. IV. Interim Conclusion No access
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      1. 1. Agreement No access
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      2. 2. Delegation of Powers to Treaty Bodies No access
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      3. 3. International Organisation No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1. Limits Inherent to Agreements No access
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      2. 2. Limits Inherent to the Delegation of Powers to Treaty Bodies No access
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      3. 3. Limits Inherent to the Delegation of Powers to International Organisations No access
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    3. III. Including the Limits of Available Legal Instruments into the Analytical Grid No access
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    4. IV. Interim Conclusion No access
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  5. E. Free Trade Agreements are no Means to Maintain the Existing Level of Market Integration between the UK and the EU No access
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  6. F. Conclusions No access
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  1. I. Introduction No access
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    1. 1. Common Standards and Efficiency in Trade No access
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    2. 2. The Case for Services No access
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    3. Authors:
      1. a) The principle of competition under the Internal Market law No access
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      2. b) Distortions of Competition due to Differences in Regulatory Costs No access
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    4. 4. Interim Conclusion No access
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    1. 1. Harmonisation: EEA and the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement No access
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    2. 2. Regulatory Cooperation: The CETA Approach No access
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    3. 3. Autonomous Alignment: The Swiss Model No access
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    4. 4. Minimum Standards and Non-Regression: The Backstop Protocol No access
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    5. 5. Analysis No access
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  4. Authors:
    1. 1. The Need for a Bespoke, Comprehensive, and Living Agreement No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. a) A Forum for Regulatory Cooperation No access
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      2. b) Monitoring Regulatory Alignment No access
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      3. c) Decision Making No access
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      4. d) Institutional Setting No access
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    3. 3. Conditionality of Market Access No access
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    4. 4. The Need for Legal Protection No access
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    5. 5. Voluntary Equivalence as Case for Cherry Picking? No access
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  5. V. Summary No access
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  1. 1. Introduction: the enduring importance of goods No access
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    1. 2.1. Customs duties and charges having equivalent effect No access
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    2. 2.2. Fiscal barriers due to internal taxation No access
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    3. 2.3. Non-tariff barriers No access
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    4. 2.4. The legal machinery behind free movement of goods No access
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  3. 3. The backstop and the minimum content of a future arrangement for goods No access
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    1. 4.1. Customs duties and charges having equivalent effect under the white paper No access
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    2. 4.2. Fiscal barriers due to internal taxation and the white paper No access
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    3. 4.3. Non-tariff barriers and the white paper No access
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    4. 4.4. The legal machinery behind free movement of goods and the white paper No access
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  5. Authors:
    1. 5.1. Falling short: regulatory models for goods that do not prevent a hard border No access
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    2. 5.2. Regulatory models that do prevent a hard border (at a cost) No access
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    3. 5.3. Time for hard choices: the UK trilemma No access
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    4. 5.4. Time for serious self-reflection: the EU choices No access
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  1. Introduction – the Importance of Services No access
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  2. The Particular Case of Financial Services No access
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  3. Relevant Considerations in Negotiating a Brexit Deal on Services No access
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  4. Possible Negotiation Outcomes Regarding the Free Movement of Services No access
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  5. Retention of EU Membership No access
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  6. EEA-Style Agreement/EEA-plus-Customs Union-Style Agreement No access
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  7. Free Trade Areas and the Free Movement of Services No access
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  8. CETA plus-style (or EEA minus-style) agreement No access
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  9. Ukraine-style association agreement No access
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  10. CETA/Korea-style agreement. No access
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  11. The ‘No Deal’ Scenario No access
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  12. Developments During the Negotiations on Brexit and their Relevance to the Free Movement of Services No access
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  13. Mansion House speech No access
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  14. Chequers No access
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  15. The July White Paper No access
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  16. The Withdrawal Agreement and Associated Political Declaration No access
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  17. Ground Zero: the Looming Danger of a No Deal Scenario No access
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  18. Endnote? No access
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3. Authors:
  1. Abstract No access
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  2. 1. Introduction No access
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  3. Authors:
    1. 2.1 No More Passporting Post Brexit No access
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    2. 2.2 No alternative—EEA Membership or Bespoke Arrangement No access
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    3. 2.3 Anticipatory Action and Fait Accompli No access
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    4. 2.4 Conclusion: End of Access to Financial Market? No access
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  4. Authors:
    1. 3.1 The Economic Case for Access to the Internal Market—for the UK No access
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    2. 3.2 The Case for Continental Europe to Stay with Britain No access
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    3. 3.3 Avoiding a Precedent? No access
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    4. 3.4 Political Constraints No access
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    5. 3.5 Currently Hardening Stances No access
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  5. Authors:
    1. 4.1 Lessons from EU Financial Integration No access
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    2. 4.2 Reason to Worry? No access
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    3. 4.3 Implications for Brexit No access
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  6. Authors:
    1. 5.1 ‘Special Deal’ As Most Likely Outcome No access
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    2. 5.2 Alternative: Equivalence and Third-Country Passport No access
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    3. 5.3 Private Solutions No access
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  7. 6. Conclusion No access
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4. Authors:
  1. I. Introduction No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. 1. The legal effects and interpretation of the Withdrawal Agreement No access
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    2. 2. The personal scope of the Withdrawal Agreement with respect to citizens’ rights No access
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    3. 3. Administrative procedures for applications for status No access
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    4. 4. The substantive provisions on citizens’ rights No access
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  3. Authors:
    1. 1. Foundational issues and methods for interpretation No access
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    2. 2. The personal scope of citizens’ rights No access
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    3. 3. Rights related to residence No access
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    4. 4. Residence documents No access
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    5. 5. The rights of workers and self-employed persons No access
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    6. 6. Other provisions No access
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  4. IV. The future mobility framework No access
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  5. V. Some reflections on citizens’ rights after Brexit No access
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5. Authors:
  1. A. Introduction No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. Authors:
      1. 1. Block Exemptions No access
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      2. 2. Alignment or divergence in the longer run? No access
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    2. II. Mergers No access
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    3. III. Market Investigations No access
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    4. IV. State Aid No access
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  3. Authors:
    1. I. Public enforcement: cooperation in the ECN and the Advisory Committee on concentrations. No access
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    2. II. Public enforcement: cooperation with third countries. No access
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    3. III. Public enforcement: resource implications No access
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    4. Authors:
      1. 1. Recognition and enforcement No access
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      2. 2. Follow-on actions based on Commission decisions No access
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  4. D. Transitional arrangements No access
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  5. E. What if the UK stayed in the EEA? No access
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  6. F. Changes from the perspective of the EU No access
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  7. G. Conclusion No access
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  8. Bibliography No access
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6. Authors:
  1. A. Introduction No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. I. Dismantling of non-tariff barriers to trade in public markets No access
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    2. II. Administrative cooperation as a trade-facilitation strategy No access
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    3. III. Boosting the enforceability of the rules No access
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  3. Authors:
    1. I. Preventing the re-appearance of non-tariff barriers to trade in public markets No access
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    2. II. Continued administrative cooperation as a trade-facilitation strategy No access
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    3. III. Retaining the enforceability of the rules No access
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  4. D. Concluding remarks No access
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7. Authors:
  1. Authors:
    1. I. Reasons for Specific EU-UK Common Substantive Rules. No access
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    2. II. Scenario of No Agreement on Common Substantive Rules No access
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    3. III. Lack of Common Rules on Judicial Protection. No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. I. Presumptions No access
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    2. II. Uniformity of Existing Law. No access
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    3. III. Uniformity of Future Legislation. No access
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  3. Authors:
    1. I. Presumptions. No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1. Absence Model (Full Judicial Autonomy of Both Sides). No access
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      2. 2. Cooperation Model (Modified Judicial Autonomy). No access
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      3. 3. Common Dispute Resolution Model. No access
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      4. 4. The Inclusion Model No access
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  4. D. Conclusion. No access
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