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Administrative Anti-Fraud Measures within the European Union

Necessity and Means
Authors:
Publisher:
 2008

Summary

Das Problem des Betruges in der EU weckt das Interesse der Medien und der Öffentlichkeit. Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Untersuchung stehen Aktivitäten des Europäischen Amtes für Betrugsbekämpfung (OLAF). Analysiert werden sowohl OLAF-Handlungen zur Vorbeugung und Aufdeckung von Unregelmäßigkeiten, dessen Zusammen-arbeit mit nationalen Strafverfolgungsbehörden sowie Folgemaßnahmen und Sanktionen.

Das Werk behandelt vor allem die Rechtslage der durch OLAF-Untersuchungen betroffenen Individuen im Lichte der gegenwärtigen Rechtsprechung der Gemeinschaftsgerichte. Untersucht werden auch Immunitäten und Privilegien der Gemeinschaftsbeamten während interner Untersuchungen, als auch der Schutz der internen Hinweisgeber und Zeugen. Zugleich werden auch Überwachungsmechanismen und richterliche Aufsicht von OLAF dargelegt.

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2008
ISBN-Print
978-3-8329-3199-5
ISBN-Online
978-3-8452-0661-5
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language
English
Pages
250
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access 2 - 18
  2. List of abbreviations No access 19 - 22
    1. Objective of the study No access 23 - 24
    2. Methodology No access 24 - 25
    3. Delimitation of the research No access 25 - 25
    4. Outline No access 25 - 26
          1. Traditional own resources No access
          2. VAT-based own revenues No access
          3. GNI-based own revenues No access
          4. Other revenues No access
          1. Agricultural expenditures, EAGGF-Guarantee section No access
          2. Structural Funds No access
          3. Internal policies No access
          4. External policies No access
          5. Administrative expenditures No access
          6. Other expenditures No access
      2. Other financial resources No access 37 - 38
    2. Fraud No access 38 - 39
    3. Irregularities No access 39 - 41
      1. Officials of the Member States No access 41 - 42
      2. Officials of the European Communities No access 42 - 43
      3. Economic operators No access 43 - 44
        1. Irregularities affecting traditional own resources No access
        2. Other forms of fraud affecting the revenues of the EC budget No access
        1. Irregularities affecting Common Agricultural Policy No access
        2. Irregularities affecting Structural Funds No access
        3. Irregularities affecting other expenditures No access
      1. Reporting obligations No access 49 - 51
      2. Implementation of reporting obligations by the Member States No access 51 - 53
    2. Consequences of irregularities No access 53 - 55
        1. Numerous and complex rules of Community law No access
        2. Incomplete system of detection and prevention No access
        3. Transborder character of committed irregularities and fragmentation of the European criminal law space No access
      2. Institutional obstacles No access 59 - 60
      3. Conclusion No access 60 - 61
      1. Historical development of anti-fraud mechanisms within the EC No access 62 - 63
      2. UCLAF and the protection of the financial interests of the EC No access 63 - 65
      3. Protection of financial interests in the Treaty of Maastricht No access 65 - 66
        1. Article 274 EC Treaty No access
          1. General remarks – principle of subsidiarity No access
          2. Allocation of competences in Article 280 EC Treaty No access
            1. Competences of the Member States No access
            2. Competences of the Community No access
          2. Council Regulation (EC, EURATOM) No. 2185/96 No access
        2. Legislation creating OLAF (Commission Decision 1999/352) No access
        3. Procedural rules (Council Regulations (EC, EURATOM) 1073/ 99 and 1074/99) No access
        4. Legal basis for internal investigations (Interinstitutional Agreement between the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission) No access
        5. Sectoral instruments No access
        6. Instruments on recovery of sums wrongly paid No access
    3. Third-Pillar instruments aimed at harmonisation of Member State law No access 79 - 82
    1. Sanctions as policy and enforcement element of EC law No access 83 - 83
      1. Functions of sanctions No access 83 - 84
      2. Addressee of the sanctions No access 84 - 85
        1. Competence of the Community No access
        2. Scope of competence No access
        3. Enforcement of sanctions No access
      4. Nature of the sanctions No access 86 - 86
    3. Principles for imposing sanctions No access 86 - 87
      1. Administrative measures No access 87 - 88
        1. Administrative fines No access
        2. Payment of an amount greater than the amounts wrongly received or evaded No access
        3. Total or partial removal of granted advantage No access
        4. Withdrawal or exclusion – debarment lists (‘blacklisting’) No access
        5. Temporary withdrawal of approval or recognition No access
        6. Loss of security or deposit No access
        7. Other penalties No access
      3. Criminal penalties No access 92 - 93
    5. Conclusions and prospects No access 93 - 94
    1. Background No access 95 - 95
      1. The Director-General of OLAF No access 95 - 98
      2. Supervisory Committee No access 98 - 99
      3. The Staff No access 99 - 99
      1. Assessment by the Supervisory Committee No access 99 - 101
      2. Assessment by the ECA No access 101 - 102
      3. Conclusion No access 102 - 102
        1. Background No access
        2. Legal basis for external investigations No access
        3. Investigations based on the horizontal rules No access
            1. OLAF investigations in the field of own resources No access
            2. OLAF investigations in the field of customs and agriculture No access
            1. OLAF investigations in the CAP No access
            2. OLAF investigations in Structural Funds No access
            3. OLAF investigations in the Cohesion Fund No access
            4. OLAF investigations in the field of research No access
            5. OLAF investigations in the ERF No access
            6. OLAF investigations in projects regarding environment No access
            7. OLAF investigations in pre-accession funds No access
            8. OLAF investigations in the EDF No access
      2. Internal investigations No access 111 - 113
      1. Principle of proportionality No access 113 - 114
      2. Rule of law No access 114 - 115
      3. Limitations with respect to enforcement No access 115 - 116
      4. Principle of internal organisational autonomy of EC institution No access 116 - 117
      5. Fundamental rights, immunities, privileges No access 117 - 117
    1. General remarks No access 118 - 119
      1. Legal character of OLAF investigations No access 119 - 121
        1. Right to defence No access
        2. Right to be given reasons for a decision No access
        3. Right to legal representation No access
        4. Right to legal privilege No access
        5. Right to be heard No access
          1. Content No access
          2. Limitations No access
        7. Right to confidentiality No access
        8. Right to privacy No access
        9. Right to a timely decision No access
        10. Right to compensation of damages No access
        11. Right to judicial review No access
        12. Protection of personal data No access
      1. The Immunities and Privileges No access 135 - 137
      2. Official secrecy No access 137 - 138
    1. Background No access 139 - 140
    2. Legal framework No access 140 - 140
      1. Informants No access 140 - 141
      2. Whistleblowers No access 141 - 142
      3. Witnesses No access 142 - 142
      4. Anonymous sources No access 142 - 142
        1. Background No access
        2. Form of providing information No access
      2. Internal procedure of whistleblowing No access 144 - 145
      3. External procedure of whistleblowing No access 145 - 146
      4. Exceptions No access 146 - 146
      1. Prerequisites for granting protection No access 146 - 147
      2. Penalties for making false and malicious allegations No access 147 - 147
        1. Rights of whistleblowers in case law of the EC courts No access
          1. Right to be informed about the outcome of the investigation No access
          2. Right to be informed about the duration of investigation No access
        3. Rights of whistleblowers clarified by the European Commission No access
        4. Rights of whistleblowers in the draft Regulation amending Regulation (EC) No. 1073/99 No access
      4. Protection of persons who suffered retaliation No access 150 - 151
      5. Action against persons who engaged in retaliation No access 151 - 151
    6. Conclusions No access 151 - 152
    1. Accountability mechanism – OLAF reports No access 153 - 154
    2. The Supervisory Committee No access 154 - 155
    3. The European Parliament No access 155 - 156
    4. The European Court of Auditors No access 156 - 159
      1. Introduction – competences and procedure No access 159 - 161
      2. Scope of the review of OLAF investigations by the European Ombudsman No access 161 - 161
        1. Theoretical approach No access
        2. Practical approach No access
      4. Impact of the review of OLAF investigations by the European Ombudsman No access 164 - 165
    6. Judicial supervision of OLAF’s actions – role of the European Community courts No access 165 - 165
      1. Admissibility of the complaint No access
      2. Merit of claim No access 170 - 170
    2. Complaints for failure to act according to Article 232(3) EC Treaty No access 170 - 171
      1. ECJ No access 171 - 175
      2. Legal protection before the national courts No access 175 - 176
    4. Action for damages (Article 288 EC Treaty) No access 176 - 179
      1. Complaint to the Director-General according to Article 90(2) of the Statute No access 179 - 180
      2. Complaint to the European Union Civil Service Tribunal according to Article 236 EC Treaty in conjunction with Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No. 1073/99 and Article 90 of the Staff Regulations No access 180 - 182
    1. Enlargement and acquis communautaire with regard to protection of EC financial interests against fraud No access 183 - 184
    2. Preparation for accession No access 184 - 186
    3. Problems within the new Member States No access 186 - 187
    1. General remarks No access 188 - 188
      1. Corpus Juris No access 188 - 191
      2. Draft Article 280a EC Treaty No access 191 - 193
      3. Commission Draft Directive of 23 May 2001 on protection of EU funds under criminal law No access 193 - 194
      4. Green Paper on criminal-law protection of the financial interests of the Community No access 194 - 195
      5. Constitutional Treaty No access 195 - 197
        1. First drafts No access
        2. New proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) No. 1073/1999 concerning investigations conducted by the European Anti- Fraud Office (OLAF) No access
      2. Draft Commission Decision amending its Decision (1999/352/EC, ECSC, EURATOM) of 28 April 1999 establishing the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) No access 199 - 200
      3. Charter of fundamental rights No access 200 - 201
  15. Conclusions No access 202 - 204
    1. Commentaries No access 205 - 205
    2. Books No access 205 - 207
    3. Articles No access 207 - 214
    1. Books No access 215 - 218
    2. Articles No access 218 - 226
    1. Primary law instruments No access 227 - 227
      1. EC Regulations No access 227 - 230
      2. EC Directives No access 230 - 230
      3. EC Decisions No access 230 - 232
      4. EC Resolutions No access 232 - 232
      5. Communications No access 232 - 233
      6. Council documents No access 233 - 233
      7. Legislative proposals No access 233 - 234
      8. Other documents and materials No access 234 - 235
    1. Reports of the European Commission No access 236 - 237
    2. Reports of the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) No access 237 - 237
    3. Reports of the Supervisory Committee No access 237 - 237
    4. Reports of the European Court of Auditors No access 237 - 238
    5. Reports of the Committee of Independent Experts No access 238 - 238
    6. Reports of the European Parliament No access 238 - 239
    7. Reports of the European Ombudsman No access 239 - 239
  20. Appendix E. List of parliamentary questions No access 240 - 240
    1. Judgments of the European Court of Justice No access 241 - 245
    2. Judgments of the Court of First Instance No access 245 - 247
    3. Cases before the EU Civil Service Tribunal No access 247 - 248
    4. Decisions and recommendations of the European Ombudsman No access 248 - 248
  22. Appendix G. Press releases No access 249 - 249
  23. Appendix H. Internet sources No access 250 - 250

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