A Violation of International Law as a Necessary Element of a &quot;Threat to the Peace&quot; under the UN Charter

Stephan Wollbrink

doi:10.5771/9783845252285

Summary

Die Arbeit diskutiert, ob eine Völkerrechtsverletzung begriffsnotwendiger Inhalt einer "Bedrohung des Friedens" gemäß Art. 39 der UN-Charta ist. Die Frage ist insbesondere im Hinblick auf den internationalen Terrorismus und die Aufrüstung mit Massenvernichtungswaffen von großer praktischer Bedeutung.

Der Autor analysiert zunächst die Resolutionen des Sicherheitsrates und nimmt eine Auslegung der UN-Charta vor. Auf Grund des Ergebnisses, dass eine Völkerrechtsverletzung eine Handlungsvoraussetzung darstellt, prüft der Autor im Anschluss die Anforderungen an den Völkerrechtsverstoß, die Auswirkungen auf die Effektivität der Maßnahmen des Sicherheitsrats, sowie eventuelle Ausnahmen von dem Tatbestandsmerkmal.

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Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2014
Copyright year: 2014
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-1026-3
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-5228-5
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Recht
Volume: 840
Language: English
Pages: 318
Product type: Book Titles

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 5 Stephan Wollbrink
Vorwort No access Pages 5 - 17 Stephan Wollbrink
Abbreviations / Definitions No access Pages 17 - 19 Stephan Wollbrink
1. Reason for investigation No access Pages 19 - 24 Stephan Wollbrink
2. Key objective No access Pages 24 - 25 Stephan Wollbrink
3. Method and structure No access Pages 25 - 28 Stephan Wollbrink
1. 1. Definition of Chapter VII Resolutions No access Pages 28 - 33 Stephan Wollbrink
  2. Stephan Wollbrink
    1. Preliminary remark No access Stephan Wollbrink
    2. Breaches of the peace No access Stephan Wollbrink
    3. Stephan Wollbrink
      1. Non-compliance with Chapter VI Resolution No access Stephan Wollbrink
      2. Overthrow of a democratically elected government No access Stephan Wollbrink
      3. Humanitarian crisis No access Stephan Wollbrink
      4. Legislating resolutions No access Stephan Wollbrink
      5. Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and rogue states No access Stephan Wollbrink
      6. Other cases No access Stephan Wollbrink
  3. Conclusion regarding the analysis of Chapter VII Resolutions No access Pages 43 - 45 Stephan Wollbrink
2. 1. Stephan Wollbrink
    1. Wording of Chapter VII No access Stephan Wollbrink
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      1. Different wording No access Stephan Wollbrink
      2. Different meaning No access Stephan Wollbrink
    3. Conclusion regarding the grammatical interpretation No access Stephan Wollbrink
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      1. Act of aggression No access Stephan Wollbrink
      2. Breach of the peace No access Stephan Wollbrink
      3. Threat to the peace No access Stephan Wollbrink
      4. Conclusion regarding differences between the alternatives in Article 39 No access Stephan Wollbrink
    2. Stephan Wollbrink
      1. Gradation of measures for conflict resolution No access Stephan Wollbrink
      2. Stephan Wollbrink
        General obligations of states in cases of conflicts No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Article 33 (2) measures No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Article 34 measures No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Article 36 measures No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Article 37 (2) measures No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Article 38 measures No access Stephan Wollbrink
      3. Conclusion regarding differences between Chapter VI and VII No access Stephan Wollbrink
    3. Conclusion regarding the systematic interpretation No access Stephan Wollbrink
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      1. Articles 1 (1) and 2 (5) No access Stephan Wollbrink
      2. Right to Chapter VII measures No access Stephan Wollbrink
      3. Proportionality of preventive Chapter VII measures No access Stephan Wollbrink
      4. Conclusion regarding the role of the Security Council No access Stephan Wollbrink
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      1. Article 42 measures No access Stephan Wollbrink
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        Severance of diplomatic relations No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Economic sanctions No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Ad hoc tribunals No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Smart sanctions No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Administration of states No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Conclusion regarding the analysis of Article 41 measures No access Stephan Wollbrink
      3. Recommendations under Article 39 No access Stephan Wollbrink
      4. Article 40 measures No access Stephan Wollbrink
      5. Conclusion regarding the character of Chapter VII measures No access Stephan Wollbrink
    3. Conclusion regarding the teleological interpretation No access Stephan Wollbrink
  4. Historical interpretation No access Pages 98 - 100 Stephan Wollbrink
  5. Conclusion regarding the interpretation of the alternative “threat to the peace” No access Pages 100 - 102 Stephan Wollbrink
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    1. Causal link in the field of state responsibility No access Stephan Wollbrink
    2. Transferal of findings to threats to the peace No access Stephan Wollbrink
    3. Conclusion regarding the analysis of a causal link between unlawful act and peace threatening situation No access Stephan Wollbrink
  2. Subject matter of the breached norm No access Pages 107 - 109 Stephan Wollbrink
  3. Necessary severity of the breach No access Pages 109 - 111 Stephan Wollbrink
  4. Fault No access Pages 111 - 112 Stephan Wollbrink
  5. Burden of proof No access Pages 112 - 113 Stephan Wollbrink
  6. Conclusion regarding requirements regarding the unlawful act No access Pages 113 - 114 Stephan Wollbrink
4. 1. European Court of Justice and its extensive interpretation of own competences No access Pages 114 - 118 Stephan Wollbrink
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      1. Deterrence No access Stephan Wollbrink
      2. Morality and legitimacy No access Stephan Wollbrink
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      1. Deterrence No access Stephan Wollbrink
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        Morality No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Legitimacy No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Conclusion regarding morality and legitimacy No access Stephan Wollbrink
  3. Conclusion regarding criteria for compliance with legal obligations No access Pages 126 - 126 Stephan Wollbrink
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    1. General aspects of lawmaking in international law No access Stephan Wollbrink
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      1. Characteristics of hard law No access Stephan Wollbrink
      2. Characteristics of soft law No access Stephan Wollbrink
    3. Classification of Chapter VII No access Stephan Wollbrink
    4. Conclusion from enhancing morality and legitimacy No access Stephan Wollbrink
  5. Conclusion regarding the maximization of effectiveness No access Pages 136 - 137 Stephan Wollbrink
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      1. Preventive actions No access Stephan Wollbrink
      2. Preemptive actions No access Stephan Wollbrink
      3. Conclusion regarding anticipatory self-defense No access Stephan Wollbrink
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        Essential interest No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Imminent peril No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Only possible means No access Stephan Wollbrink
        No exclusion of necessity in the UN Charter No access Stephan Wollbrink
        No peremptory norms No access Stephan Wollbrink
        Conclusion regarding necessity according to the ILC No access Stephan Wollbrink
      2. State of necessity according to customary international law No access Stephan Wollbrink
    3. Application of preemptive self-defense and necessity in the context of Security Council measures No access Stephan Wollbrink
    4. Conclusion regarding anticipatory self-defense and state of necessity No access Stephan Wollbrink
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    1. Failed states with high intensity civil war No access Stephan Wollbrink
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      1. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights No access Stephan Wollbrink
      2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights No access Stephan Wollbrink
      3. Attribution of conduct to a failed state No access Stephan Wollbrink
      4. Conclusion regarding failed states with low intensity civil war or mere internal disturbances No access Stephan Wollbrink
    3. Conclusion regarding failed states No access Stephan Wollbrink
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    1. Legality of possession of nuclear weapons under customary international law No access Stephan Wollbrink
    2. Threat or use of nuclear weapons No access Stephan Wollbrink
    3. Withdrawal from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty No access Stephan Wollbrink
    4. Conclusion regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction and withdrawal from arms control treaty No access Stephan Wollbrink
6. 1. International organizations in the role of legislators No access Pages 185 - 187 Stephan Wollbrink
  2. Possibility of global governance by the Security Council No access Pages 187 - 189 Stephan Wollbrink
  3. Competence of the Security Council to adopt general and abstract resolutions No access Pages 189 - 192 Stephan Wollbrink
  4. Element of an unlawful act for the determination of a general abstract situation as a threat to the peace No access Pages 192 - 195 Stephan Wollbrink
  5. Conclusion regarding the element of a violation of international law with respect to a potential lawmaking competence of the Security Council No access Pages 195 - 196 Stephan Wollbrink
7. Summary and final remarks No access Pages 196 - 202 Stephan Wollbrink
1. Anlass der Untersuchung No access Pages 202 - 203 Stephan Wollbrink
2. Analyse der unter Kapitel VII erlassenen Resolutionen No access Pages 203 - 205 Stephan Wollbrink
3. 1. Grammatikalische Interpretation No access Pages 205 - 206 Stephan Wollbrink
  2. Systematische Interpretation No access Pages 206 - 207 Stephan Wollbrink
  3. Teleologische Interpretation No access Pages 207 - 211 Stephan Wollbrink
  4. Historische Interpretation No access Pages 211 - 211 Stephan Wollbrink
  5. Zwischenergebnis No access Pages 211 - 212 Stephan Wollbrink
4. Anforderungen an den Völkerrechtsbruch No access Pages 212 - 214 Stephan Wollbrink
5. 1. Faktoren, die die Einhaltung rechtlicher Verpflichtungen beeinflussen No access Pages 214 - 217 Stephan Wollbrink
  2. Steigerung der Moral und Legitimität No access Pages 217 - 218 Stephan Wollbrink
6. 1. Antizipierte Notwehr und Notstand No access Pages 218 - 221 Stephan Wollbrink
  2. Failed states No access Pages 221 - 223 Stephan Wollbrink
  3. Kündigung von Rüstungskontrollverträgen und Verbreitung von Massenvernichtungswaffen No access Pages 223 - 224 Stephan Wollbrink
7. Das Tatbestandsmerkmal einer Völkerrechtsverletzung im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Gesetzgebungskompetenz des Sicherheitsrats No access Pages 224 - 226 Stephan Wollbrink
8. Schlussbemerkung No access Pages 226 - 227 Stephan Wollbrink
1. 1. Background No access Pages 227 - 228 Stephan Wollbrink
  2. Analysis No access Pages 228 - 229 Stephan Wollbrink
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41. 1. Background No access Pages 300 - 301 Stephan Wollbrink
  2. Analysis No access Pages 301 - 302 Stephan Wollbrink
Annex II: Chronological list of Chapter VII Resolutions No access Pages 302 - 307 Stephan Wollbrink
Bibliography No access Pages 307 - 318 Stephan Wollbrink