A Violation of International Law as a Necessary Element of a &quot;Threat to the Peace&quot; under the UN Charter

Stephan Wollbrink

doi:10.5771/9783845252285

Summary

Die Arbeit diskutiert, ob eine Völkerrechtsverletzung begriffsnotwendiger Inhalt einer "Bedrohung des Friedens" gemäß Art. 39 der UN-Charta ist. Die Frage ist insbesondere im Hinblick auf den internationalen Terrorismus und die Aufrüstung mit Massenvernichtungswaffen von großer praktischer Bedeutung.

Der Autor analysiert zunächst die Resolutionen des Sicherheitsrates und nimmt eine Auslegung der UN-Charta vor. Auf Grund des Ergebnisses, dass eine Völkerrechtsverletzung eine Handlungsvoraussetzung darstellt, prüft der Autor im Anschluss die Anforderungen an den Völkerrechtsverstoß, die Auswirkungen auf die Effektivität der Maßnahmen des Sicherheitsrats, sowie eventuelle Ausnahmen von dem Tatbestandsmerkmal.

Search publication

Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2014
Copyright Year: 2014
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-1026-3
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-5228-5
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Recht
Volume: 840
Language: English
Pages: 318
Product Type: Monograph

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 5
Authors:
Vorwort No access Pages 5 - 17
Authors:
Abbreviations / Definitions No access Pages 17 - 19
Authors:
1. Reason for investigation No access Pages 19 - 24
  Authors:
2. Key objective No access Pages 24 - 25
  Authors:
3. Method and structure No access Pages 25 - 28
  Authors:
1. 1. Definition of Chapter VII Resolutions No access Pages 28 - 33
    Authors:
  2. Authors:
    1. Preliminary remark No access
      Authors:
    2. Breaches of the peace No access
      Authors:
    3. Authors:
      1. Non-compliance with Chapter VI Resolution No access
        Authors:
      2. Overthrow of a democratically elected government No access
        Authors:
      3. Humanitarian crisis No access
        Authors:
      4. Legislating resolutions No access
        Authors:
      5. Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and rogue states No access
        Authors:
      6. Other cases No access
        Authors:
  3. Conclusion regarding the analysis of Chapter VII Resolutions No access Pages 43 - 45
    Authors:
2. 1. Authors:
    1. Wording of Chapter VII No access
      Authors:
    2. Authors:
      1. Different wording No access
        Authors:
      2. Different meaning No access
        Authors:
    3. Conclusion regarding the grammatical interpretation No access
      Authors:
  2. Authors:
    1. Authors:
      1. Act of aggression No access
        Authors:
      2. Breach of the peace No access
        Authors:
      3. Threat to the peace No access
        Authors:
      4. Conclusion regarding differences between the alternatives in Article 39 No access
        Authors:
    2. Authors:
      1. Gradation of measures for conflict resolution No access
        Authors:
      2. Authors:
        General obligations of states in cases of conflicts No access
        Authors:
        Article 33 (2) measures No access
        Authors:
        Article 34 measures No access
        Authors:
        Article 36 measures No access
        Authors:
        Article 37 (2) measures No access
        Authors:
        Article 38 measures No access
        Authors:
      3. Conclusion regarding differences between Chapter VI and VII No access
        Authors:
    3. Conclusion regarding the systematic interpretation No access
      Authors:
  3. Authors:
    1. Authors:
      1. Articles 1 (1) and 2 (5) No access
        Authors:
      2. Right to Chapter VII measures No access
        Authors:
      3. Proportionality of preventive Chapter VII measures No access
        Authors:
      4. Conclusion regarding the role of the Security Council No access
        Authors:
    2. Authors:
      1. Article 42 measures No access
        Authors:
      2. Authors:
        Severance of diplomatic relations No access
        Authors:
        Economic sanctions No access
        Authors:
        Ad hoc tribunals No access
        Authors:
        Smart sanctions No access
        Authors:
        Administration of states No access
        Authors:
        Conclusion regarding the analysis of Article 41 measures No access
        Authors:
      3. Recommendations under Article 39 No access
        Authors:
      4. Article 40 measures No access
        Authors:
      5. Conclusion regarding the character of Chapter VII measures No access
        Authors:
    3. Conclusion regarding the teleological interpretation No access
      Authors:
  4. Historical interpretation No access Pages 98 - 100
    Authors:
  5. Conclusion regarding the interpretation of the alternative “threat to the peace” No access Pages 100 - 102
    Authors:
3. 1. Authors:
    1. Causal link in the field of state responsibility No access
      Authors:
    2. Transferal of findings to threats to the peace No access
      Authors:
    3. Conclusion regarding the analysis of a causal link between unlawful act and peace threatening situation No access
      Authors:
  2. Subject matter of the breached norm No access Pages 107 - 109
    Authors:
  3. Necessary severity of the breach No access Pages 109 - 111
    Authors:
  4. Fault No access Pages 111 - 112
    Authors:
  5. Burden of proof No access Pages 112 - 113
    Authors:
  6. Conclusion regarding requirements regarding the unlawful act No access Pages 113 - 114
    Authors:
4. 1. European Court of Justice and its extensive interpretation of own competences No access Pages 114 - 118
    Authors:
  2. Authors:
    1. Authors:
      1. Deterrence No access
        Authors:
      2. Morality and legitimacy No access
        Authors:
    2. Authors:
      1. Deterrence No access
        Authors:
      2. Authors:
        Morality No access
        Authors:
        Legitimacy No access
        Authors:
        Conclusion regarding morality and legitimacy No access
        Authors:
  3. Conclusion regarding criteria for compliance with legal obligations No access Pages 126 - 126
    Authors:
  4. Authors:
    1. General aspects of lawmaking in international law No access
      Authors:
    2. Authors:
      1. Characteristics of hard law No access
        Authors:
      2. Characteristics of soft law No access
        Authors:
    3. Classification of Chapter VII No access
      Authors:
    4. Conclusion from enhancing morality and legitimacy No access
      Authors:
  5. Conclusion regarding the maximization of effectiveness No access Pages 136 - 137
    Authors:
5. 1. Authors:
    1. Authors:
      1. Preventive actions No access
        Authors:
      2. Preemptive actions No access
        Authors:
      3. Conclusion regarding anticipatory self-defense No access
        Authors:
    2. Authors:
      1. Authors:
        Essential interest No access
        Authors:
        Imminent peril No access
        Authors:
        Only possible means No access
        Authors:
        No exclusion of necessity in the UN Charter No access
        Authors:
        No peremptory norms No access
        Authors:
        Conclusion regarding necessity according to the ILC No access
        Authors:
      2. State of necessity according to customary international law No access
        Authors:
    3. Application of preemptive self-defense and necessity in the context of Security Council measures No access
      Authors:
    4. Conclusion regarding anticipatory self-defense and state of necessity No access
      Authors:
  2. Authors:
    1. Failed states with high intensity civil war No access
      Authors:
    2. Authors:
      1. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights No access
        Authors:
      2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights No access
        Authors:
      3. Attribution of conduct to a failed state No access
        Authors:
      4. Conclusion regarding failed states with low intensity civil war or mere internal disturbances No access
        Authors:
    3. Conclusion regarding failed states No access
      Authors:
  3. Authors:
    1. Legality of possession of nuclear weapons under customary international law No access
      Authors:
    2. Threat or use of nuclear weapons No access
      Authors:
    3. Withdrawal from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty No access
      Authors:
    4. Conclusion regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction and withdrawal from arms control treaty No access
      Authors:
6. 1. International organizations in the role of legislators No access Pages 185 - 187
    Authors:
  2. Possibility of global governance by the Security Council No access Pages 187 - 189
    Authors:
  3. Competence of the Security Council to adopt general and abstract resolutions No access Pages 189 - 192
    Authors:
  4. Element of an unlawful act for the determination of a general abstract situation as a threat to the peace No access Pages 192 - 195
    Authors:
  5. Conclusion regarding the element of a violation of international law with respect to a potential lawmaking competence of the Security Council No access Pages 195 - 196
    Authors:
7. Summary and final remarks No access Pages 196 - 202
  Authors:
1. Anlass der Untersuchung No access Pages 202 - 203
  Authors:
2. Analyse der unter Kapitel VII erlassenen Resolutionen No access Pages 203 - 205
  Authors:
3. 1. Grammatikalische Interpretation No access Pages 205 - 206
    Authors:
  2. Systematische Interpretation No access Pages 206 - 207
    Authors:
  3. Teleologische Interpretation No access Pages 207 - 211
    Authors:
  4. Historische Interpretation No access Pages 211 - 211
    Authors:
  5. Zwischenergebnis No access Pages 211 - 212
    Authors:
4. Anforderungen an den Völkerrechtsbruch No access Pages 212 - 214
  Authors:
5. 1. Faktoren, die die Einhaltung rechtlicher Verpflichtungen beeinflussen No access Pages 214 - 217
    Authors:
  2. Steigerung der Moral und Legitimität No access Pages 217 - 218
    Authors:
6. 1. Antizipierte Notwehr und Notstand No access Pages 218 - 221
    Authors:
  2. Failed states No access Pages 221 - 223
    Authors:
  3. Kündigung von Rüstungskontrollverträgen und Verbreitung von Massenvernichtungswaffen No access Pages 223 - 224
    Authors:
7. Das Tatbestandsmerkmal einer Völkerrechtsverletzung im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Gesetzgebungskompetenz des Sicherheitsrats No access Pages 224 - 226
  Authors:
8. Schlussbemerkung No access Pages 226 - 227
  Authors:
1. 1. Background No access Pages 227 - 228
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 228 - 229
    Authors:
2. 1. Background No access Pages 229 - 229
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access
    Authors:
3. 1. Background No access Pages 230 - 231
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 231 - 232
    Authors:
4. 1. Background No access Pages 232 - 232
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access
    Authors:
5. 1. Background No access Pages 233 - 234
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 234 - 235
    Authors:
6. 1. Background No access
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 236 - 236
    Authors:
7. 1. Background No access
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 237 - 237
    Authors:
8. 1. Background No access Pages 237 - 240
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 240 - 241
    Authors:
9. 1. Background No access Pages 241 - 244
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 244 - 246
    Authors:
10. 1. Background No access Pages 246 - 248
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 248 - 249
    Authors:
11. 1. Background No access Pages 249 - 250
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 250 - 251
    Authors:
12. 1. Background No access Pages 251 - 252
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 252 - 253
    Authors:
13. 1. Background No access Pages 253 - 254
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 254 - 255
    Authors:
14. 1. Background No access Pages 255 - 256
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 256 - 257
    Authors:
15. 1. Background No access Pages 257 - 258
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 258 - 259
    Authors:
16. 1. Background No access Pages 259 - 259
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access
    Authors:
17. 1. Background No access Pages 260 - 260
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access
    Authors:
18. 1. Background No access
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 262 - 262
    Authors:
19. 1. Background No access
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 263 - 263
    Authors:
20. 1. Background No access Pages 263 - 264
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 264 - 265
    Authors:
21. 1. Background No access Pages 265 - 266
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 266 - 267
    Authors:
22. 1. Background No access Pages 267 - 268
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 268 - 269
    Authors:
23. 1. Background No access Pages 269 - 270
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 270 - 271
    Authors:
24. 1. Background No access Pages 271 - 272
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 272 - 273
    Authors:
25. 1. Background No access Pages 273 - 274
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 274 - 275
    Authors:
26. 1. Background No access Pages 275 - 276
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 276 - 277
    Authors:
27. 1. Background No access Pages 277 - 278
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 278 - 280
    Authors:
28. 1. Background No access Pages 280 - 280
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access
    Authors:
29. 1. Background No access Pages 281 - 281
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access
    Authors:
30. 1. Background No access Pages 282 - 283
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 283 - 284
    Authors:
31. 1. Background No access Pages 284 - 285
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 285 - 286
    Authors:
32. 1. Background No access Pages 286 - 286
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access
    Authors:
33. 1. Background No access Pages 288 - 288
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access
    Authors:
34. 1. Background No access Pages 289 - 291
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 291 - 292
    Authors:
35. 1. Background No access
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 293 - 293
    Authors:
36. 1. Background No access Pages 293 - 294
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 294 - 295
    Authors:
37. 1. Background No access Pages 295 - 295
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access
    Authors:
38. 1. Background No access Pages 296 - 296
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access
    Authors:
39. 1. Background No access
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 298 - 298
    Authors:
40. 1. Background No access Pages 298 - 299
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 299 - 300
    Authors:
41. 1. Background No access Pages 300 - 301
    Authors:
  2. Analysis No access Pages 301 - 302
    Authors:
Annex II: Chronological list of Chapter VII Resolutions No access Pages 302 - 307
Authors:
Bibliography No access Pages 307 - 318
Authors: