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Migranten an der Grenze
Grenzschutzmaßnahmen im Lichte des Völker- und Europarechts- Authors:
- Publisher:
- 26.08.2024
Summary
Methods at national borders to prevent the entry of migrants can range from pushbacks on the high seas, forcible returns at land borders to complete border closures. To what extent are access restrictions at borders compatible with obligations under international and European law? Can exceptional circumstances such as mass influxes or a COVID-19 pandemic justify an exception to these obligations? The investigation focuses on the situation at the EU's external borders and also examines the controversial N.D. & N.T. v. Spain judgment of the ECtHR. Furthermore, it sheds light on the latest incidents at the southern U.S. border.
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Bibliographic data
- Copyright year
- 2024
- Publication date
- 26.08.2024
- ISBN-Print
- 978-3-7560-1707-2
- ISBN-Online
- 978-3-7489-4437-9
- Publisher
- Nomos, Baden-Baden
- Series
- Schriften zur Europäischen Integration und Internationalen Wirtschaftsordnung
- Volume
- 67
- Language
- German
- Pages
- 312
- Product type
- Book Titles
Table of contents
ChapterPages
- Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 22
- A. Migranten auf der Suche nach Schutz an Staatsgrenzen No access
- B. Gang der Untersuchung No access
- I. 1930er Jahre No access
- II. Nach Abschluss der GFK No access
- III. Grenzschließungen in Europa No access
- B. Grenzschließungen und Zurückweisungen im Zusammenhang mit der Corona-Pandemie No access
- I. Aufstellen physischer Barrieren No access
- II. Gewaltanwendungen an der Grenze No access
- I. Auf Hoheitsgewässer No access
- II. Außerhalb von Territorialgewässer No access
- III. Nach Erreichen des Territoriums auf dem Landweg No access
- IV. Sonderfall: Künstliche Eingrenzung des Hoheitsgebiets No access
- V. Einreiseverweigerung No access
- E. Zwischenfazit No access
- A. Souveränitätsprinzip v. Refoulementverbot No access
- 1. Flüchtling im Sinne des Art. 1 A Nr. 2 GFK No access
- a) Deklaratorische Natur der Flüchtlingseigenschaft No access
- b) Individualisiertes Verfahren No access
- 1. Örtliche Reichweite der GFK No access
- a) Wortlautinterpretation No access
- b) Historischer Hintergrund No access
- aa) Art. 1 A Abs. 2 GFK No access
- bb) Gesamtausrichtung der GFK No access
- cc) Art. 33 Abs. 2 GFK No access
- dd) Art. 31 Abs. 1 GFK No access
- ee) Zwischenfazit No access
- d) Vergleichender Blick auf andere internationale Schutzabkommen No access
- e) Teleologische Auslegung No access
- f) Gesamtschau der Auslegungsmethoden No access
- aa) Wortlautinterpretation No access
- bb) „Funktionales Grenzäquivalent“ No access
- cc) Teleologische Auslegung No access
- aa) Zurücktreiben auf Hohe See No access
- bb) Zurücktreiben auf Territorialgewässer des Transit- oder Verfolgerstaates No access
- 4. Zwischenfazit No access
- a) Bi- und multilaterale Rückübernahmeabkommen No access
- b) Dauer des vorherigen Aufenthalts im Drittstaat No access
- aa) Ist eine (vorbehaltslose) Ratifizierung der GFK durch den Drittstaat erforderlich? No access
- bb) Tatsächliche Berücksichtigung des Refoulementverbots am Beispiel der Türkei No access
- cc) Zwischenfazit No access
- a) Gefährdung der öffentlichen Sicherheit gemäß Art. 33 Abs. 2 Alt. 1 GFK? No access
- b) Massenfluchtbewegungen als ungeschriebene Ausnahme? No access
- 3. Corona-Pandemie No access
- I. Schutzumfang des Art. 3 EMRK No access
- II. Allgemeine Anforderungen an einen Ausweisungsschutz nach Art. 3 EMRK No access
- 1. Historischer Hintergrund zu Art. 1 EMRK No access
- a) Grundsatz: Territorialbezogen No access
- aa) Diplomatische Vertreter im Ausland No access
- bb) Schiffe und Boote unter Flagge No access
- cc) Effektive Kontrolle auf ein im Ausland liegendes Gebiet No access
- dd) Autorität und Kontrolle über die Person No access
- ee) Hirsi Jamaa et al. v. Italy-Urteil No access
- c) Zwischenfazit No access
- a) Zurückweisungen auf Hoher See bzw. außerhalb von Territorialgewässer No access
- aa) Gewaltsame Zurückdrängungen an der Grenze No access
- bb) Barrieren an der Grenze No access
- cc) Sonderfall: Künstliche Eingrenzung des Hoheitsgebiets No access
- 4. Umgehungsverbot No access
- 5. Territorialer Bezug der Grenzschutzmaßnahme No access
- 6. Zwischenfazit No access
- 1. Auf dem Seeweg No access
- 2. Auf dem Landweg No access
- 1. Art. 3 EMRK No access
- 2. Art. 13 EMRK No access
- 1. Absolutes Recht No access
- aa) Kein Erfordernis zur Ratifizierung einschlägiger Konventionen No access
- bb) Allgemeine Menschenrechtslage in dem Drittstaat No access
- cc) Individuelle (Risiko-) Faktoren des Betroffenen No access
- b) „Sichere Drittstaaten“-Liste No access
- c) Zurückweisungen im Rahmen internationaler Übereinkommen über die Zuständigkeit der Asylprüfung No access
- 1. Sachverhalt No access
- aa) Wirksame Zugänge zu legalen Einreiseverfahren No access
- bb) Zwingende Gründe für eine Nichtnutzung des Grenzverfahrens No access
- b) Fazit des EGMR No access
- aa) Entwicklung zu einem faktischen Asylverfahrensgrundrecht? No access
- bb) Restriktion des Kollektivausweisungsverbots No access
- cc) Übertragung des Urteils auf die Praxis an anderen europäischen Grenzen No access
- dd) Anwendung des Urteils auf Seegrenzen No access
- b) Art. 3 EMRK No access
- I. Voraussetzung der Folter No access
- II. Anforderungen an die Risikobewertung No access
- III. Örtliche Reichweite des Art. 3 UN-AntifoltÜ No access
- IV. Verfahrensanforderungen an der Grenze No access
- 1. Diplomatische Zusicherungen No access
- 2. Zurückweisungen in einen „sicheren Drittstaat“ No access
- 1. Art. 6 IPbpR No access
- 2. Art. 7 IPbpR No access
- 3. Anforderungen an die Risikobewertung No access
- II. Örtliche Reichweite der Art. 6 und Art. 7 IPbpR No access
- 1. Art. 6 und Art. 7 IPbpR No access
- a) Anwendung auf Asylverfahren? No access
- b) Verfahrensgarantien No access
- c) Zwischenfazit No access
- 1. Absolutes Recht No access
- 2. Diplomatische Zusicherungen No access
- 3. Zurückweisungen in einen „sicheren Drittstaat“ No access
- I. Refoulementverbot als Teil des Völkergewohnheitsrechts No access
- 1. Refoulementverbot in Anlehnung an die GFK No access
- 2. Refoulementverbot im Kontext der internationalen Menschenrechte No access
- 3. Örtliche Reichweite des völkergewohnheitsrechtlichen Refoulementverbots No access
- 4. Nichtzulassung in das Hoheitsgebiet No access
- 1. Bindung der Mitgliedsstaaten an die GRCh No access
- a) Asylverfahrenszugang No access
- b) Örtliche Reichweite des Art. 18 GRCh No access
- c) Grenzen des Art. 18 GRCh No access
- a) Örtliche Reichweite des Art. 19 Abs. 2 GRCh No access
- b) Recht auf wirksames Verfahren No access
- 4. Folterverbot und Verbot der unmenschlichen oder erniedrigenden Strafe oder Behandlung gemäß Art. 4 GRCh No access
- a) Abgrenzung zu Art. 19 Abs. 2 GRCh No access
- aa) Corona-Pandemie No access
- bb) Massenfluchtbewegungen No access
- II. Zwischenfazit No access
- 1. Verfahrenszugang No access
- a) „An der Grenze“ auch außerhalb des Hoheitsgebiets? No access
- b) Örtliche Begrenzung auf „Grenzübergangsstellen“? No access
- c) Zwischenfazit No access
- aa) „Sicherer Drittstaat“ im Sinne des Art. 38 AsylVf-RL No access
- bb) „Sicherer europäischer Drittstaat“ im Sinne des Art. 39 AsylVf-RL No access
- cc) „Sichere Drittstaaten“-Liste No access
- dd) Umsetzung des Konzepts des „sicheren Drittstaates“ in der EU-Praxis No access
- aa) Art. 78 Abs. 3 AEUV No access
- (1) Tatbestandsmerkmale des Art. 72 AEUV No access
- (2) Berücksichtigung des Art. 72 AEUV in der AsylVf-RL No access
- (3) Berücksichtigung des Verhältnismäßigkeitsgrundsatzes No access
- (4) Zwischenfazit No access
- c) Corona-Pandemie No access
- 1. Gegenseitiges Vertrauensprinzip und seine Grenzen No access
- 2. Örtliche Reichweite der Dublin-III-VO No access
- 3. Antragstellung an Binnengrenzen No access
- a) Art. 72 AEUV No access
- 5. Corona-Pandemie No access
- a) Fiktion der Nichteinreise No access
- b) Fallgruppe: £ 20 % Anerkennungsquote No access
- aa) Solidaritätsbeiträge für Ausschiffungsmitgliedsstaaten No access
- bb) Solidaritätsbeiträge für Mitgliedsstaaten mit Migrationsdruck No access
- cc) Freiwillige Solidaritätsbeiträge No access
- b) Bewertung No access
- I. Migration: Sache des Bundes No access
- II. Asylverfahrenszugang an der Grenze No access
- 1. Kein Rechtsbehelf No access
- 2. Aufenthaltsrecht im Aufnahmestaat während des Asylverfahrens No access
- 3. Kein Rechtsbeistand No access
- 4. Screening: Fehlen prozessualer Garantien No access
- 5. Zwischenfazit No access
- a) 8 U.S.C. § 1225 (b) (2) (C) No access
- b) Wiederherstellung der Konformität durch Refoulement-Screenings? No access
- 2. Zwischenfazit No access
- III. Zur Aufhebung der „Migrant Protection Protocols“ No access
- I. Ermächtigungsgrundlage: 42 C.F.R. § 71.40 No access
- 2. Reduzierung des persönlichen Anwendungsbereichs No access
- 1. Zur Voraussetzung des 42 C.F.R. § 71.40 (a) (2) No access
- 2. Diskriminierende Natur No access
- 3. Missachtung des Refoulementverbots No access
- III. Zwischenfazit No access
- 1. Widerlegbare Vermutung der Unzulässigkeit No access
- 2. Ausnahmen von der Vermutung No access
- 3. Widerlegung der Vermutung No access
- 4. Verfahren No access
- II. CBP One-App als Lösung für die Legalisierung der Einwanderung in die USA? No access
- 1. Erhöhte Beweishürde No access
- 2. „Third-country Transit Ban“ No access
- 1. Anwendung des Refoulementverbots auf Hoher See No access
- 2. Anwendung des IPbpR auf Hoher See No access
- 3. Schutzberechtigkeit von haitianischen Migranten? No access
- II. Bewertung der U.S.-Seepraxis: U.S.-Recht No access
- F. Zwischenfazit No access
- Schlussbetrachtung No access Pages 269 - 272
- Epilog: Neuesten Entwicklungen and europäischen Grenzen No access Pages 273 - 276
- Literaturverzeichnis No access Pages 277 - 306
- Entscheidungsverzeichnis No access Pages 307 - 312
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