Referral of Cases from International to National Criminal Jurisdictions: Transferring Cases from the ICTY and the ICTR to National Jurisdictions

Lena Lindemann

doi:10.5771/9783845242439

Summary

Die beiden Ad-hoc-Tribunale zur Verfolgung völkerrechtlicher Verbrechen im ehemaligen Jugoslawien und in Ruanda befinden sich in einer Phase der Abwicklung. Die sogenannten „Completion Strategy“ soll dazu führen, dass beide Gerichtshöfe möglichst bald Ihre Arbeit einstellen können. Zu dieser Strategie gehört mit dem Instrument der sogenannten Referrals (Abgabe) auch die Möglichkeit, dass die beiden Tribunale bei Ihnen anhängige Strafverfahren an die nationale Gerichtsbarkeit von Staaten abgeben, die zu einer Strafverfolgung bereit sind. Mit einer solchen Abgabe kehrt sich das Verhältnis zwischen nationaler und internationaler Strafgerichtsbarkeit in gewisser Weise um: Stand bislang die Abgabe von Strafverfahren aus der nationalen Gerichtsbarkeit zu den internationalen Strafgerichtshöfen im Vordergrund, so geht es nun darum, die internationalen Gerichte dadurch zu entlasten, dass die Verfahren an nationalen Gerichten zu Ende geführt werden. Das neue Instrument der Abgabe wirft zahlreiche völkerrechtliche und strafverfahrensrechtliche Fragen auf, die diese Studie systematisch untersucht.

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Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2013
Copyright year: 2013
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8329-7742-9
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-4243-9
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Schriften zum Internationalen und Europäischen Strafrecht
Volume: 3
Language: English
Pages: 300
Product type: Book Titles

Titelei No access Pages 2 - 6 Lena Lindemann
Vorwort No access Pages 7 - 8 Lena Lindemann
Summary Table of Contents No access Pages 9 - 10 Lena Lindemann
Table of Contents No access Pages 11 - 18 Lena Lindemann
List of Abbreviations No access Pages 19 - 20 Lena Lindemann
Introduction No access Pages 21 - 23 Lena Lindemann
1. 1. Genocide No access Pages 24 - 26 Lena Lindemann
  2. Crimes Against Humanity No access Pages 26 - 26 Lena Lindemann
  3. War Crimes No access Pages 26 - 27 Lena Lindemann
2. 1. Lena Lindemann
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      1. Establishment of the ICTY No access Lena Lindemann
      2. Structure of the ICTY No access Lena Lindemann
      3. Jurisdiction of the ICTY No access Lena Lindemann
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      1. Establishment of the ICTR No access Lena Lindemann
      2. Structure of the ICTR No access Lena Lindemann
      3. Jurisdiction of the ICTR No access Lena Lindemann
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      1. Establishment of the ICC No access Lena Lindemann
      2. Structure of the ICC No access Lena Lindemann
      3. Jurisdiction of the ICC No access Lena Lindemann
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    1. Legal Grounds of Jurisdiction No access Lena Lindemann
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        Prosecution on the Basis of International Crimes in National Law No access Lena Lindemann
        Direct Application of International Law No access Lena Lindemann
      2. Prosecution on the Basis of Ordinary Crimes No access Lena Lindemann
3. 1. Primary International Jurisdiction No access Pages 44 - 47 Lena Lindemann
  2. Complementary International Jurisdiction No access Pages 47 - 48 Lena Lindemann
  3. Transfer of Jurisdiction: “Deferral” and “Referral” No access Pages 48 - 48 Lena Lindemann
1. 1. Raison d’Être of the Completion Strategies No access Pages 49 - 52 Lena Lindemann
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    1. Expert Group to Conduct a Review for the Effective Operation and Function of the ICTY and the ICTR No access Lena Lindemann
    2. The 2000 Report on the Operation of the ICTY No access Lena Lindemann
    3. UN Security Council Resolution 1329 No access Lena Lindemann
    4. The 2001 Progress Report No access Lena Lindemann
    5. The 2002 Report on the Judicial Status of the ICTY and on the Prospects for Referring Cases to National Courts No access Lena Lindemann
    6. UN Security Council Resolution 1503 of 28 August 2003 No access Lena Lindemann
    7. The October 2003 Reports No access Lena Lindemann
    8. UN Security Council Resolution 1534 of 26 March 2004 No access Lena Lindemann
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      1. Prosecution No access Lena Lindemann
      2. Chambers No access Lena Lindemann
    2. External Measures of Implementation No access Lena Lindemann
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    1. Legal Basis for the Prosecutor’s Decision No access Lena Lindemann
    2. Relevant Factors to be Considered No access Lena Lindemann
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        First Amendment of 1998 No access Lena Lindemann
        Second Amendment of 2002 No access Lena Lindemann
        Third Amendment of 2004 No access Lena Lindemann
        Fourth Amendment of 2005 No access Lena Lindemann
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        Adoption in 2002 No access Lena Lindemann
        First Amendment of 2004 No access Lena Lindemann
        Second Amendment of 2005 No access Lena Lindemann
    2. Competence of the Tribunals to adopt Rule 11bis No access Lena Lindemann
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      1. ICTY No access Lena Lindemann
      2. ICTR No access Lena Lindemann
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      1. Competence to Issue a Referral Decision No access Lena Lindemann
      2. The Course of Referral Proceedings No access Lena Lindemann
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        Parties No access Lena Lindemann
        States No access Lena Lindemann
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        Appeal of the Referral Decision No access Lena Lindemann
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        Monitoring of Proceedings No access Lena Lindemann
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        Locus Standi No access Lena Lindemann
        Opportunity to be Heard No access Lena Lindemann
        Substantive Requirements of a Revocation No access Lena Lindemann
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        Criminal Conduct No access Lena Lindemann
        Modes of Criminal Responsibility No access Lena Lindemann
        Adequate Punishment No access Lena Lindemann
        Conclusion No access Lena Lindemann
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        Background of the Case No access Lena Lindemann
        Referral Attempt to the Kingdom of Norway No access Lena Lindemann
        Referral to the Netherlands No access Lena Lindemann
        All is Well that Ends Well: Trial at the ICTR and Imprisonment in Sweden No access Lena Lindemann
        Referral Requests to France No access Lena Lindemann
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        Subject Matter Jurisdiction No access Lena Lindemann
        Modes of Responsibility No access Lena Lindemann
        Conclusion No access Lena Lindemann
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        Construction of Rule 11bis according to its Ordinary Meaning No access Lena Lindemann
        Construction of Rule 11bis in its Context No access Lena Lindemann
        Construction of Rule 11bis in Light of its Object and Purpose No access Lena Lindemann
        Supplementary Means of Interpretation No access Lena Lindemann
        Conclusion No access Lena Lindemann
        Willingness and Preparedness to Prosecute No access Lena Lindemann
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        Content of the Fair Trial Requirement No access Lena Lindemann
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        Right to be Tried Within a Reasonable Time No access Lena Lindemann
        Availability and Protection of Defence Witnesses No access Lena Lindemann
        Right to Counsel of Own Choosing No access Lena Lindemann
        Right to be Tried by an Impartial and Independent Tribunal No access Lena Lindemann
        Right to Adequate Case Preparation No access Lena Lindemann
        Detention Conditions and Length No access Lena Lindemann
        Fairness Towards Other Parties No access Lena Lindemann
        Analysis No access Lena Lindemann
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        Content of the Right to a Fair Trial No access Lena Lindemann
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        De Jure Review No access Lena Lindemann
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        Availability and Protection of Defence Witnesses No access Lena Lindemann
        Adequate Penalty Structure No access Lena Lindemann
        Right to be Tried by an Impartial and Independent Tribunal No access Lena Lindemann
        Detention Conditions No access Lena Lindemann
        Analysis No access Lena Lindemann
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        Criticism of the Different Standards Applied No access Lena Lindemann
        The Correct Uniform Standard to be Applied No access Lena Lindemann
        Non-Imposition of the Death Penalty No access Lena Lindemann
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        Particular Circumstances of the Case and Context of Crimes No access Lena Lindemann
        Comparison to Other Cases No access Lena Lindemann
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        Formal Position of the Accused No access Lena Lindemann
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        Actual Role of the Accused No access Lena Lindemann
        Degree of Participation No access Lena Lindemann
        Evaluation No access Lena Lindemann
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      1. Candidate States for Referral No access Lena Lindemann
      2. Positive Conflicts of Jurisdiction No access Lena Lindemann
      3. The Approach of the ICTR No access Lena Lindemann
      4. The Approach of the ICTY: Comparative Nexus No access Lena Lindemann
      5. Evaluation No access Lena Lindemann
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        Extradition Requirements No access Lena Lindemann
        Grounds of Refusal No access Lena Lindemann
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        The Rule of Specialty No access Lena Lindemann
        The Prohibition Against Re-Extradition No access Lena Lindemann
        The Extradition Procedure No access Lena Lindemann
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        Applicability to the Transfer of an Accused to the ICTY and ICTR for Trial No access Lena Lindemann
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        The Opinion of the Referral Bench No access Lena Lindemann
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        Scope of the Duty to Cooperate No access Lena Lindemann
        Applicability of Extradition Law No access Lena Lindemann
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    1. Bosnia and Herzegovina No access Lena Lindemann
    2. Rwanda No access Lena Lindemann
    3. Conclusion No access Lena Lindemann
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      1. Background of the Case No access Lena Lindemann
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        The Law No access Lena Lindemann
        Test Applied No access Lena Lindemann
        Assessment No access Lena Lindemann
    2. France No access Lena Lindemann
    3. Germany No access Lena Lindemann
    4. Finland No access Lena Lindemann
    5. Switzerland No access Lena Lindemann
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      1. Background of the Case No access Lena Lindemann
      2. The Supreme Court Decision No access Lena Lindemann
      3. The Governmental Decision No access Lena Lindemann
      4. Ahorugeze’s Individual Application to the ECtHR and the Interim Measures of the ECtHR No access Lena Lindemann
      5. Criticism No access Lena Lindemann
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      1. Applicability of Article 6 ECHR on Extradition Decisions No access Lena Lindemann
      2. Flagrant Denial of a Fair Trial No access Lena Lindemann
1. 1. The Principle of Complementarity No access Pages 236 - 238 Lena Lindemann
  2. The System of Admissibility of a Case No access Pages 238 - 240 Lena Lindemann
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      1. Unwillingness No access Lena Lindemann
      2. Inability No access Lena Lindemann
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      1. Ordinary Meaning No access Lena Lindemann
      2. Context No access Lena Lindemann
      3. Object and Purpose No access Lena Lindemann
      4. Drafting History No access Lena Lindemann
  2. No Prosecution due to Lack of Criminalization No access Pages 256 - 257 Lena Lindemann
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        Principle of Due Process Recognized by International Law No access Lena Lindemann
        Delay, Independence, Impartiality No access Lena Lindemann
      2. Inability No access Lena Lindemann
      3. Genuineness No access Lena Lindemann
    2. Object and Purpose No access Lena Lindemann
    3. Drafting History No access Lena Lindemann
    4. Conclusion No access Lena Lindemann
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    1. Anti-Fair Trial-Approach No access Lena Lindemann
    2. Fair Trial Approach No access Lena Lindemann
    3. Moderate Fair Trial Approach No access Lena Lindemann
4. 1. Relevance of ICC Referrals to National Jurisdictions No access Pages 276 - 279 Lena Lindemann
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    1. Revision of Admissibility by the Court Proprio Motu No access Lena Lindemann
    2. Revision on Request of the Prosecutor No access Lena Lindemann
  3. Conclusion No access Pages 279 - 282 Lena Lindemann
5. Synthesis No access Pages 282 - 286 Lena Lindemann
Bibliography No access Pages 287 - 296 Lena Lindemann
1. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia No access Pages 297 - 298 Lena Lindemann
2. International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda No access Pages 298 - 299 Lena Lindemann
3. International Criminal Court No access Pages 299 - 300 Lena Lindemann
4. European Court of Human Rights No access Pages 300 - 300 Lena Lindemann