Human Rights Challenges to European Migration Policy

Prof. Dr. Jürgen Bast; Prof. Dr. Frederik von Harbou; Dr. Janna Wessels

doi:10.5771/9783748926740

Zusammenfassung

Die EU ist zu einem machtvollen migrationspolitischen Akteur geworden. In der Folge gerät die europäische Migrationspolitik immer öfter in Konflikt mit ihrer Verpflichtung zur Wahrung der Menschenrechte. Der vorliegende Band benennt die dringlichsten Herausforderungen, entwickelt die einschlägigen rechtlichen Maßstäbe und unterbreitet Reformvorschläge. Zentrale Problemfelder sind

der Zugang zum Asyl in der EU,

die Bewegungsfreiheit von Migrant:innen,

rechtsstaatliche Verfahrensgarantien,

das Verbot der Diskriminierung wegen des Aufenthaltsstatus,

die Achtung sozialer und familiärer Bindungen bei Maßnahmen der Migrationssteuerung,

die Gewährleistung sozialer Mindestrechte für irreguläre Migrant:innen, und

die öffentliche und zivilgesellschaftliche Infrastruktur zur Verteidigung der Menschenrechte.

Schlagworte

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Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr: 2022
Erscheinungsdatum: 13.06.2022
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-8244-4
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-2674-0
Verlag: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe: Schriften zum Migrationsrecht
Band: 36
Sprache: Englisch
Seiten: 292
Produkttyp: Monographie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten

Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisSeiten 1 - 14 Download Kapitel (PDF)
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1. 0.1 Why re-mapping the role of Human Rights in European migration policy?
2. 0.2 What is our understanding of ‘Human Rights’?
3. 0.3 What do we mean by ‘European Migration Policy’?
4. 0.4 What do we mean by the ‘challenges’ identified in each chapter?
5. 0.5 What are the sources of the ‘legal evaluation’ provided in each chapter?
6. 0.6 What is the nature of the ‘recommendations’ provided in each chapter?
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1. 1. Trend 1: Avoiding jurisdiction through cooperative externalization of mobility control
  2. Trend 2: Contesting jurisdiction by failing to comply with Human Rights obligations
  3. Trend 3: Transferring jurisdiction by referring migrants to other States
2. 1. 1.2.1 General legal framework regarding access to asylum
  2. 1.2.2 Specific issue: Attributing responsibility for acts of third countries
  3. 1.2.3 Specific issue: ‘Push-backs’ on the High Seas and at land borders
  4. 1.2.4 Specific issue: Entry of vessels into the territorial waters and disembarkation at EU ports
  5. 1.2.5 Specific issue: Limits to ‘protection elsewhere’
  6. 1.2.6 Specific issue: Allocating asylum jurisdiction within the EU (Dublin system)
  7. 1.2.7 Specific issue: International obligations to provide for safe and legal access to asylum?
3. 1. Recommendation 1: Strictly condition cooperation with third countries on Human Rights compliance
  2. Recommendation 2: End push-backs and closure of ports
  3. Recommendation 3: Establish a high standard for the assumption of safe third countries
  4. Recommendation 4: Keep the Dublin system flexible to effectively ensure access to asylum
  5. Recommendation 5: Establish safe and legal pathways to asylum in the EU
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1. 1. Trend 1: More frequent and systematic use of detention for a wider range of reasons
  2. Trend 2: Increasing use of area-based restrictions not amounting to detention
  3. Trend 3: Persistent pattern of problematic conditions of detention
2. 1. 2.2.1 General framework: The rights to liberty, to freedom of movement, and to adequate treatment
  2. 2.2.2 Specific issue: Detention grounds
  3. 2.2.3 Specific issue: Border Procedures
  4. 2.2.4 Specific issue: Area-based restrictions
  5. 2.2.5 Specific issue: Detention conditions
3. 1. Recommendation 1: Enact horizontal provisions on detention grounds
  2. Recommendation 2: Prohibit ‘border procedures’ based on detention
  3. Recommendation 3: Specify legal safeguards for area-based restrictions
  4. Recommendation 4: Ensure adequate conditions in immigration detention and reception centers
  5. Recommendation 5: Prohibit detention of persons in situations of particular vulnerability
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1. 1. Trend 1: Denial of procedural standards for decisions on admission
  2. Trend 2: Deportation procedures without adequate procedural guarantees
  3. Trend 3: Blurring accountability by agencification of EU migration policy
2. 1. 3.2.1 General framework
  2. 3.2.2 Specific issue: Application of procedural standards on visa decisions
  3. 3.2.3 Specific issue: Decisions on territorial admission at land and sea borders
  4. 3.2.4 Specific issue: Scope of procedural safeguards in the Return Directive
  5. 3.2.5 Specific issue: Monitoring of deportations by EU Member States
  6. 3.2.6 Specific issue: Accountability of EU agencies
3. 1. Recommendation 1: Provide comprehensive procedural safeguards for visa applications
  2. Recommendation 2: Clarify and strengthen procedural guarantees at the borders
  3. Recommendation 3: Guarantee sufficient procedural rights when terminating residence
  4. Recommendation 4: Guarantee a right to an effective remedy against EU agencies
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1. 1. Trend 1: Increasing sectoral divergence within the Europeanized fields of legal migration
  2. Trend 2: Contradictory policy choices in respect of the asylum status in the EU
2. 1. 4.2.1 General framework: Three objectionable grounds of distinction among migrants (‘race’, nationality, immigration status)
  2. 4.2.2 Specific issue: Privileged and non-privileged nationalities in EU migration law
  3. 4.2.3 Specific issue: Differential treatment in respect of social assistance
  4. 4.2.4 Specific issue: Differential treatment among beneficiaries of international protection
3. 1. Recommendation 1: Systematically ensure non-discrimination regarding social assistance
  2. Recommendation 2: Eliminate any discrimination among persons granted international protection
  3. Recommendation 3: Follow a legislative approach guided by the ‘Leitbild’ of status equality
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1. 1. Trend 1: Requirements of socio-cultural integration are used to deny family reunification
  2. Trend 2: Settled migrants are subject to security-driven policies of expulsions
  3. Trend 3: Efforts to enforce irregular migrants’ return disregard their social and family ties
2. 1. 5.2.1 General framework: protection of migrants’ family and social ties
  2. 5.2.2 Specific issue: integration requirements restricting family reunifications
  3. 5.2.3 Specific issue: protection of settled migrants’ right to abode
  4. 5.2.4 Specific issue: obligations to regularize irregular migrants
3. 1. Recommendation 1: Prohibit integration requirements that amount to violations of the right to family reunification
  2. Recommendation 2: Facilitate access to the status provided by the Long-term Residents Directive
  3. Recommendation 3: Develop a comprehensive legislative framework on regularizations
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1. 1. Trend 1: Policies to prevent movements of asylum-seekers within the EU build on planned destitution
  2. Trend 2: Measures to enforce returns rely on creating ‘hostile environments’
  3. Trend 3: Persistent pattern of exploitation of irregular migrants in informal labor relations
2. 1. 6.2.1 General legal framework regarding human dignity of margizens
  2. 6.2.2 General legal framework regarding labor rights of irregular migrant workers
  3. 6.2.3 Specific issue: Human Rights limits to sanctioning ‘secondary movements’
  4. 6.2.4 Specific issue: Human Rights limits to sanctioning non-cooperation in return proceedings
  5. 6.2.5 Specific issue: Human Rights obligations to combat exploitation of irregular migrants
3. 1. Recommendation 1: Stop using restrictions to socio-economic rights to sanction ‘secondary movements’ of asylum seekers
  2. Recommendation 2: Provide equal treatment between asylum seekers and irregular migrants in respect of socio-economic rights
  3. Recommendation 3: Adopt a rights-based approach toward undocumented irregular migrants to better protect them from exploitation and forced labor
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1. 1. Trend 1: Criminalization of civil society actors supporting migrants
  2. Trend 2: Populist pressure on judges protecting the rights of migrants
  3. Trend 3: Challenges to the ECtHR as a guardian of migrants’ Human Rights
2. 1. 7.2.1 General legal framework regarding Human Rights infrastructure
  2. 7.2.2 Specific issue: Criminalization of private actors involved in SAR activities and other migrants’ Human Rights defenders in civil society
  3. 7.2.3 Specific issue: Requirements to strengthen migrants’ Human Rights defenders
  4. 7.2.4 Specific Issue: Obligations and options to ensure the independence of judges deciding on migration law cases
3. 1. Recommendation 1: Strengthen migrants’ Human Rights defenders by amending the Facilitation Directive and adopting consistent EU supporting policies
  2. Recommendation 2: Take a firm stance on violations of EU migration law
  3. Recommendation 3: Strengthen the role of the ECtHR as a ‘migrants court’ by acceding to the ECHR
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1. 1. Ensuring Access to Asylum
2. 2. Ensuring Liberty and Freedom of Movement
3. 3. Guaranteeing Procedural Standards
4. 4. Preventing Discrimination
5. 5. Preserving Social and Family Ties
6. 6. Guaranteeing Socio-Economic Rights
7. 7. Fostering Human Rights Infrastructure
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1. Individual Experts
2. Expert Institutions