Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare

Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz; Max-Planck-Institut für Innovation und Wettbewerb

doi:10.5771/9783748924999

Zusammenfassung

Datenzugang kommt zentrale Bedeutung für die Datenwirtschaft und die Förderung zahlreicher Gemeinwohlbelange zu. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich der Sammelband der Herausforderung, Ansätze für zukünftige Datenzugangsregeln zu entwickeln. Die Beiträge erhellen zunächst die ökonomische sowie rechtspolitische Rechtfertigung solcher Regeln. Sodann untersuchen sie unter Berücksichtigung der verfassungsrechtlichen Vorgaben und bereits bestehender Regelungen das Potenzial unterschiedlicher Rechtsgebiete (Kartell- und Vertragsrecht, Datenschutz- und Verbraucherrecht sowie sektorspezifische Regulierung) für die Gestaltung des zukünftigen Rechtsrahmens. Dabei wird auch der Notwendigkeit Rechnung getragen, Datenzugangsregeln mit dem Immaterialgüterrecht abzustimmen und in umfassendere Maßnahmepakete (Data Governance) einzubetten. Ebenso werden Regeln zur Durchsetzung des Interesses des Staates an privaten Daten sowie Datenzugangsansprüche der Nutzer vernetzter Geräte diskutiert. Die AutorenProf. Dr. Josef Drexl, LL.M. (UC Berkeley); Prof. Dr. Thomas Fetzer, LL.M. (Vanderbilt); Prof. Dr. Michael Grünberger, , LL.M. (NYU); Jörg Hoffmann; Prof. Dr. Ruth Janal, LL.M. (New South Wales); Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kerber; Christine Lambrecht; Prof. Dr. Matthias Leistner, LL.M. (Cambridge); Bertin Martens, Ph.D.; Prof. Dr. Axel Metzger, LL.M. (Harvard); Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze; Dr. Heiko Richter, LL.M. (Columbia); Prof. Dr. Heike Schweitzer, LL.M. (Yale); Prof. Dr. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider; Prof. Dr. Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann, LL.M. (Georgetown Univ.) und Robert Welker.

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Bibliographische Angaben

Auflage: 1/2021
Copyrightjahr: 2021
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-8081-5
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-2499-9
Verlag: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Sprache: Englisch
Seiten: 574
Produkttyp: Sammelband

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten

Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisSeiten 1 - 6 Download Kapitel (PDF)
Special Address of the Federal Minister of Justice and Consumer ProtectionSeiten 7 - 10 Christine Lambrecht Download Kapitel (PDF)
Data access as a means to promote consumer interests and public welfare – An introductionSeiten 11 - 24 Josef Drexl Download Kapitel (PDF)
1. Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. IntroductionChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
  2. Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
    1. I. Data as a non-rivalrous although partially excludable goodChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
    2. II. Data as a capital good with increasing returns to scale and scopeChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
    3. III. Data as general-purpose but context-dependent inputChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
    4. IV. Empirical evidence of the spillover social and economic benefits of data access and sharingChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
  3. Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
    1. Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
      1. 1. Violations of agreed terms and of expectations in data re-useChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
      2. 2. Loss of control over data and the role of consentChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
    2. II. Incentivising data sharing in light of positive externalities and the risk of ‘free riding’Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
    3. Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
      1. 1. ‘Ownership’ of personal dataChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
      2. 2. Contractual arrangements and the role of contract guidelines and model contracts for data sharingChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
  4. Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
    1. Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
      1. Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
        a) (Ad hoc) downloadsChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
        b) Application programming interfaces (APIs)Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
        c) Data sandboxes for trusted access and re-use of sensitive and proprietary dataChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
      2. Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
        a) CryptographyChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
        b) De-identification: from anonymisation to pseudonymisation and aggregationChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
    2. Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
      1. 1. The overlapping domains of data – reflecting the various stakeholder interestsChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
      2. 2. The manner data originate – reflecting the contribution to data creationChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
    3. Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
      1. 1. Data commons for the governance of shared resources of common interestsChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
      2. Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze
        a) Data partnershipsChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
        b) Data for societal objectivesChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
  5. E. ConclusionChristian Reimsbach-Kounatze
2. Bertin Martens Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. IntroductionBertin Martens
  2. Bertin Martens
    1. I. Data as intermediary inputBertin Martens
    2. II. Data collection has an economic costBertin Martens
    3. III. The value of data depends on their useBertin Martens
    4. IV. Excludability and monopolistic data tradeBertin Martens
    5. V. Data are not a homogeneous productBertin Martens
    6. VI. Non-rivalry and economies of scope in data re-useBertin Martens
    7. VII. Economies of scope in data aggregationBertin Martens
    8. VIII. The social value of dataBertin Martens
  3. Bertin Martens
    1. I. Data-driven network effectsBertin Martens
    2. II. The role of platforms in the data economyBertin Martens
    3. III. Monopolistic market failures in platformsBertin Martens
  4. Bertin Martens
    1. I. Information externalitiesBertin Martens
    2. II. Asymmetric informationBertin Martens
    3. Bertin Martens
      1. 1. Transaction costs in personal data marketsBertin Martens
      2. 2. Transaction costs and lack of transparency in commercial services marketsBertin Martens
      3. 3. RisksBertin Martens
  5. E. Concluding remarksBertin Martens
3. Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. Data access in the digital economyHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
  2. Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
    1. I. Private control vs. open access: The basic trade-offHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
    2. II. The benefits of open access to public sector dataHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
    3. Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      1. 1. The status quo: Private control through de-facto possessionHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      2. 2. Limits of the private control approachHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      3. 3. The gaps of a private control approach do not justify its renunciationHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      4. 4. Addressing the market failures in a private control context: The role of competition lawHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
  3. Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
    1. Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      1. 1. The data access scenarioHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      2. 2. Possible market failuresHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      3. Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
        a) Article 20 GDPR: A mandatory portability right regarding personal dataHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
        b) Electricity Directive: Access to smart meter dataHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
        c) The Payment Service Directive II (PSD2): Access to accounts and account dataHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
        d) Contractual rights to port non-personal data B2CHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      4. 4. Competition lawHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      5. Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
        a) Access to individual-level data in B2C settingsHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
        b) Access to individual-level (industrial) data in B2B settingsHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      6. 6. Conclusions on scenario 1Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
    2. Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      1. 1. The data access scenarioHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      2. 2. Possible market failuresHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      3. 3. Legislative reactionsHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      4. 4. Competition lawHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      5. 5. Policy options: The role of data intermediariesHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
    3. Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      1. 1. The data access scenarioHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      2. 2. Possible market failuresHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      3. 3. Competition lawHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
      4. 4. Policy options?Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
  4. D. A brief summaryHeike Schweitzer, Robert Welker
1. Thomas Fetzer Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. IntroductionThomas Fetzer
  2. B. The relevant constitutional standardThomas Fetzer
  3. Thomas Fetzer
    1. Thomas Fetzer
      1. 1. Article 5(1), first sentence, alt. 2 of the Basic Law – freedom of informationThomas Fetzer
      2. 2. Article 2(1) of the Basic Law – general right of personalityThomas Fetzer
    2. II. Interim resultThomas Fetzer
  4. Thomas Fetzer
    1. I. Right of access to public sector dataThomas Fetzer
    2. II. Right of access to private dataThomas Fetzer
    3. III. Interim resultThomas Fetzer
  5. Thomas Fetzer
    1. I. Data access rights of the governmentThomas Fetzer
    2. II. Private data access rightsThomas Fetzer
    3. III. Interim resultThomas Fetzer
  6. F. Final resultThomas Fetzer
2. Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    1. I. Free data for all?Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    2. II. Data protection as a regulatory regime to link data and decision-makingIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    3. III. The lack of controlIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    4. IV. The general answer of the GDPR regulatory regimeIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
  2. Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    1. I. Personal Data as the Threshold for Application of Data Protection RegimesIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    2. II. Lawfulness of Data Processing and Procedural Requirements in combinationIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    3. III. Data Protection for both private and public data processingIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
  3. C. Data as a special good and its effect on regulationIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
  4. Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    1. I. Access and Data ProcessingIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    2. Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
      1. 1. Rights to access by the data subject, Article 15 GDPRIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
      2. 2. Right to data portability, Article 20 GDPRIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    3. Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
      1. 1. Consent or legal ground as basis for data processing, Article 6 (1) GDPRIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
      2. Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
        a) The strict binding of data processing to a specific purposeIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
        b) Compatible other purposesIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
        c) Archiving, Research and Statistics as privileged purposesIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
      3. 3. Freedom of expression, media, press and journalistic purposes, Article 85 (1) GDPRIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
      4. 4. Transparency and freedom of information, Article 85 (1) GDPRIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
  5. Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    1. I. Proactive versus reactive regimeIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    2. II. Irreversible and uncontrollable consequences versus liability and damagesIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
    3. III. Specific, controlled, anti-discrimination interests versus overall transparency and accessIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
  6. F. Conclusion and OutlookIndra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
3. Matthias Leistner Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. IntroductionMatthias Leistner
  2. Matthias Leistner
    1. I. Copyright law: freedom of interfaces and data formatsMatthias Leistner
    2. Matthias Leistner
      1. 1. Patents on data encryption and transfer processes, in particular standard-essential patentsMatthias Leistner
      2. 2. Scope of patents concerning formatted data sequencesMatthias Leistner
    3. III. Trade secretsMatthias Leistner
  3. Matthias Leistner
    1. I. OverviewMatthias Leistner
    2. Matthias Leistner
      1. 1. Introduction – impact of European database protection on big data and AI use scenariosMatthias Leistner
      2. 2. Copyright in database works – limited and balanced approach in the EUMatthias Leistner
      3. Matthias Leistner
        a) Condition of protection and legal uncertainty in the area of volunteered and observed dataMatthias Leistner
        b) Scope of protection and problems for access to aggregated data setsMatthias Leistner
        c) Exceptions to the sui generis right, public sector data and further problemsMatthias Leistner
      4. 4. SummaryMatthias Leistner
    3. III. Trade secrets protection: A defensive, more flexible hybrid regime which is better equipped for the data economyMatthias Leistner
    4. Matthias Leistner
      1. 1. Basic consideration: Access to data and use of dataMatthias Leistner
      2. 2. The basic case groupsMatthias Leistner
      3. Matthias Leistner
        a) Cases that should be excluded from protectionMatthias Leistner
        Matthias Leistner
        (1) Overriding interest in access and useMatthias Leistner
        (2) Access rights for individual ‘lawful customers’ with regard to sensor-produced data of smart devicesMatthias Leistner
        (3) Access and use rights for competitors: compulsory licences in the specific context of the sui generis right and of trade secrets protectionMatthias Leistner
  4. D. Selected elements of IP rights as building blocks for the regulation of future data marketsMatthias Leistner
  5. E. ConclusionMatthias Leistner
1. Michael Grünberger Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. (Responsive) Contract law shall be QueenMichael Grünberger
  2. Michael Grünberger
    1. I. Negative impacts of the status quoMichael Grünberger
    2. II. Disadvantages of a purely self-regulatory approachMichael Grünberger
    3. III. Putting unfair terms control back on the stageMichael Grünberger
  3. Michael Grünberger
    1. Michael Grünberger
      1. 1. Unfairness control as a data access ruleMichael Grünberger
      2. Michael Grünberger
        a) Methodological framework: responsive private law theoryMichael Grünberger
        b) General regulatory framework of the data economyMichael Grünberger
        c) Specific regulatory framework for contractual data access rulesMichael Grünberger
    2. Michael Grünberger
      1. 1. The lack of a statutory default ruleMichael Grünberger
      2. 2. The vocation of our digital age for legal scienceMichael Grünberger
      3. 3. Statutory default rules are not requiredMichael Grünberger
      4. Michael Grünberger
        a) Rebuttable presumption of fairnessMichael Grünberger
        b) Role model I: equitable remuneration scheme in copyright lawMichael Grünberger
        c) Procedural requirementsMichael Grünberger
        d) Role model II: the (German) Corporate Governance CodeMichael Grünberger
  4. Michael Grünberger
    1. I. Privity-of-contract problemMichael Grünberger
    2. II. Transnational dimensionMichael Grünberger
  5. E. ConclusionMichael Grünberger
2. Axel Metzger Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. IntroductionAxel Metzger
  2. Axel Metzger
    1. I. Current state of the DCSDAxel Metzger
    2. II. Access to non-personal data under Article 16(4) DCSDAxel Metzger
    3. III. Comparison of Article 16(4) DCSD and Articles 15, 20 GDPRAxel Metzger
    4. IV. Individual and collective enforcementAxel Metzger
    5. V. Transfer or fiduciary exercise of rightsAxel Metzger
  3. Axel Metzger
    1. Axel Metzger
      1. 1. European contract lawAxel Metzger
      2. 2. National contract law – The case of GermanyAxel Metzger
    2. II. A case for mandatory access rules in B2B contracts?Axel Metzger
    3. Axel Metzger
      1. 1. Concept and functions of default contract rulesAxel Metzger
      2. 2. Building blocks from EU instruments, contract law principles and national lawAxel Metzger
      3. 3. ALI–ELI Principles for a Data EconomyAxel Metzger
  4. D. ConclusionAxel Metzger
3. Ruth Janal Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. Ruth Janal
    1. I. From ownership to accessRuth Janal
    2. II. Overview of Article 20 GDPRRuth Janal
    3. III. Structure of ArgumentsRuth Janal
  2. Ruth Janal
    1. I. Personal data and non-personal dataRuth Janal
    2. Ruth Janal
      1. 1. The GDPR settingRuth Janal
      2. Ruth Janal
        a) Lack of legal attributionRuth Janal
        b) Multi-relational nature of dataRuth Janal
        c) The Trade Secrets DirectiveRuth Janal
    3. III. Structural power imbalancesRuth Janal
    4. IV. Remuneration for data analysisRuth Janal
    5. V. Commercial valueRuth Janal
    6. VI. SummaryRuth Janal
  3. Ruth Janal
    1. Ruth Janal
      1. 1. Data covered by Article 20 GDPRRuth Janal
      2. Ruth Janal
        a) Beneficiary and addresseeRuth Janal
        b) Data provided because of a contract or consentRuth Janal
        c) Observed and inferred dataRuth Janal
        d) Preliminary findingsRuth Janal
    2. Ruth Janal
      1. 1. Relevant rights and freedoms of others under the GDPRRuth Janal
      2. Ruth Janal
        a) Data rights of third partiesRuth Janal
        b) Trade secretsRuth Janal
      3. 3. Duty of care when complying with a portability requestRuth Janal
      4. 4. Inferences for a business portability rightRuth Janal
    3. Ruth Janal
      1. 1. The implications of portability under the GDPRRuth Janal
      2. 2. Data formatRuth Janal
      3. 3. Inferences for businessesRuth Janal
  4. D. Conclusions and recommendationsRuth Janal
4. Jörg Hoffmann Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. IntroductionJörg Hoffmann
  2. Jörg Hoffmann
    1. Jörg Hoffmann
      1. 1. Applying IP Economics in data access cases – the innovation incentive of factual data exclusivityJörg Hoffmann
      2. 2. Legal Framework of essential facilities – EU competition law, EU utilities market regulation in the telecommunication sector and EU fundamental rightsJörg Hoffmann
    2. II. Industrial policy-driven market regulation and the principle of free market economy – a call for more market-driven innovationJörg Hoffmann
    3. III. Adverse effects of data sharing for consumer sovereignty, privacy and innovationJörg Hoffmann
    4. IV. Adverse effects of data sharing on competition and innovationJörg Hoffmann
  3. Jörg Hoffmann
    1. Jörg Hoffmann
      1. 1. OverviewJörg Hoffmann
      2. 2. Non-market-driven FinTech innovation regulation and structural disadvantages of incumbent banksJörg Hoffmann
      3. 3. Adverse effects on privacy, competition and innovation – the need for new asymmetric regulationJörg Hoffmann
    2. Jörg Hoffmann
      1. 1. OverviewJörg Hoffmann
      2. 2. Lack of investment incentives and the need for maintaining market options for incumbent banksJörg Hoffmann
      3. 3. Tackling BigTech banking by introducing new asymmetric regulationJörg Hoffmann
  4. D. ConclusionJörg Hoffmann
5. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
    1. I. From data ownership to data accessLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
    2. II. Functional taxonomy of data access rightsLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  2. B. Course of investigationLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  3. C. National law: Taxonomy of data access rightsLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  4. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
    1. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
      1. 1. HIPAALouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
      2. 2. COPPALouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
      3. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        1. CaliforniaLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        2. New ZealandLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        3. BrazilLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        4. JapanLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        5. IndiaLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        6. PhilippinesLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        7. SingaporeLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        8. SwitzerlandLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        III. Sector specific cross-type of data regulationLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
      4. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        a) Consumer DataLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        b) Product DataLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
      5. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        a) Accredited personsLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
        b) GatewaysLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
    2. IV. Cross-sectoral and cross-type of data regulationLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  5. E. Findings and recommendationsLouisa Specht-Riemenschneider
1. Wolfgang Kerber Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. IntroductionWolfgang Kerber
  2. Wolfgang Kerber
    1. I. Horizontal data access solutionsWolfgang Kerber
    2. Wolfgang Kerber
      1. 1. Opening of bank account data (PSD2)Wolfgang Kerber
      2. 2. Access to data in connected carsWolfgang Kerber
  3. C. From data access solutions to data governance systemsWolfgang Kerber
  4. Wolfgang Kerber
    1. I. General and specific data governance systemsWolfgang Kerber
    2. II. Market failures and policy objectivesWolfgang Kerber
    3. Wolfgang Kerber
      1. 1. Consumer data rights and data portabilityWolfgang Kerber
      2. 2. Data trustee solutionsWolfgang Kerber
      3. 3. Interoperability and standardisationWolfgang Kerber
      4. 4. Minimum standards for safety, security, and privacyWolfgang Kerber
  5. E. PerspectivesWolfgang Kerber
2. Josef Drexl Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. IntroductionJosef Drexl
  2. Josef Drexl
    1. I. Connected devicesJosef Drexl
    2. II. DataJosef Drexl
    3. III. The user of connected devicesJosef Drexl
    4. IV. Data accessJosef Drexl
  3. C. Data access rights as an element of data governanceJosef Drexl
  4. Josef Drexl
    1. I. Competition-driven innovationJosef Drexl
    2. II. Transformation of business models and marketsJosef Drexl
  5. E. Data access rights as a means to overcome data lock-insJosef Drexl
  6. Josef Drexl
    1. I. The right to portability of personal data pursuant to Article 20 GDPRJosef Drexl
    2. II. Contract lawJosef Drexl
    3. Josef Drexl
      1. 1. Limitations of current EU competition lawJosef Drexl
      2. 2. Proposals for reform of German competition lawJosef Drexl
      3. 3. Discussion on the EU levelJosef Drexl
      4. 4. Remaining gapsJosef Drexl
    4. IV. Sector-specific data access rights of competitorsJosef Drexl
    5. V. Data access and intellectual propertyJosef Drexl
  7. Josef Drexl
    1. I. Why unfair competition law?Josef Drexl
    2. II. Legal design of the data access rightJosef Drexl
  8. H. ConclusionJosef Drexl
3. Heiko Richter Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. IssueHeiko Richter
  2. Heiko Richter
    1. I. Development contextHeiko Richter
    2. II. Objectives of government accessHeiko Richter
    3. III. Public task and examplesHeiko Richter
  3. Heiko Richter
    1. I. OverviewHeiko Richter
    2. II. Mandatory access rulesHeiko Richter
    3. III. Data of private undertakings without a public linkHeiko Richter
    4. IV. Horizontal aspectsHeiko Richter
    5. V. Non-personal dataHeiko Richter
  4. Heiko Richter
    1. I. OverviewHeiko Richter
    2. II. Purpose (what for?)Heiko Richter
    3. III. Beneficiaries (for whom?)Heiko Richter
    4. IV. Obliged parties (against whom?)Heiko Richter
    5. V. Relevant data (what?)Heiko Richter
    6. VI. Modalities of access (how?)Heiko Richter
  5. Heiko Richter
    1. I. Function of principlesHeiko Richter
    2. II. Principle of justifying statehoodHeiko Richter
    3. III. Principle of holistic rulesHeiko Richter
    4. IV. Principle of responsibilityHeiko Richter
    5. V. Principle of proximityHeiko Richter
    6. VI. Example: German ‘Market Transparency Unit for Fuels’Heiko Richter
  6. Heiko Richter
    1. I. OverviewHeiko Richter
    2. II. Purpose of a horizontal frameworkHeiko Richter
    3. III. Possible functions of a horizontal frameworkHeiko Richter
    4. IV. Substantive issues for a horizontal frameworkHeiko Richter
    5. V. PSI Directive as a model?Heiko Richter
    6. VI. ConclusionHeiko Richter
  7. Heiko Richter
    1. I. Reaching beyond access rulesHeiko Richter
    2. II. Reform laws on official statisticsHeiko Richter
    3. III. Modify database protectionHeiko Richter
    4. IV. Coordinate advancement of re-use lawHeiko Richter
    5. V. Strengthen subjective access rightsHeiko Richter
  8. H. OutlookHeiko Richter
ContributorsSeiten 573 - 574 Download Kapitel (PDF)

Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare

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