Sammelband Open Access Vollzugriff
Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare
- Herausgeber:innen:
- |
- Verlag:
- 2021
Zusammenfassung
Datenzugang kommt zentrale Bedeutung für die Datenwirtschaft und die Förderung zahlreicher Gemeinwohlbelange zu. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich der Sammelband der Herausforderung, Ansätze für zukünftige Datenzugangsregeln zu entwickeln. Die Beiträge erhellen zunächst die ökonomische sowie rechtspolitische Rechtfertigung solcher Regeln. Sodann untersuchen sie unter Berücksichtigung der verfassungsrechtlichen Vorgaben und bereits bestehender Regelungen das Potenzial unterschiedlicher Rechtsgebiete (Kartell- und Vertragsrecht, Datenschutz- und Verbraucherrecht sowie sektorspezifische Regulierung) für die Gestaltung des zukünftigen Rechtsrahmens. Dabei wird auch der Notwendigkeit Rechnung getragen, Datenzugangsregeln mit dem Immaterialgüterrecht abzustimmen und in umfassendere Maßnahmepakete (Data Governance) einzubetten. Ebenso werden Regeln zur Durchsetzung des Interesses des Staates an privaten Daten sowie Datenzugangsansprüche der Nutzer vernetzter Geräte diskutiert. Die AutorenProf. Dr. Josef Drexl, LL.M. (UC Berkeley); Prof. Dr. Thomas Fetzer, LL.M. (Vanderbilt); Prof. Dr. Michael Grünberger, , LL.M. (NYU); Jörg Hoffmann; Prof. Dr. Ruth Janal, LL.M. (New South Wales); Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kerber; Christine Lambrecht; Prof. Dr. Matthias Leistner, LL.M. (Cambridge); Bertin Martens, Ph.D.; Prof. Dr. Axel Metzger, LL.M. (Harvard); Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze; Dr. Heiko Richter, LL.M. (Columbia); Prof. Dr. Heike Schweitzer, LL.M. (Yale); Prof. Dr. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider; Prof. Dr. Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann, LL.M. (Georgetown Univ.) und Robert Welker.
Publikation durchsuchen
Bibliographische Angaben
- Auflage
- 1/2021
- Copyrightjahr
- 2021
- ISBN-Print
- 978-3-8487-8081-5
- ISBN-Online
- 978-3-7489-2499-9
- Verlag
- Nomos, Baden-Baden
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Seiten
- 574
- Produkttyp
- Sammelband
Inhaltsverzeichnis
KapitelSeiten
- Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisSeiten 1 - 6 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Special Address of the Federal Minister of Justice and Consumer ProtectionSeiten 7 - 10Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Data access as a means to promote consumer interests and public welfare – An introductionSeiten 11 - 24Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. IntroductionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Data as a non-rivalrous although partially excludable goodAutor:innen:
- II. Data as a capital good with increasing returns to scale and scopeAutor:innen:
- III. Data as general-purpose but context-dependent inputAutor:innen:
- IV. Empirical evidence of the spillover social and economic benefits of data access and sharingAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Violations of agreed terms and of expectations in data re-useAutor:innen:
- 2. Loss of control over data and the role of consentAutor:innen:
- II. Incentivising data sharing in light of positive externalities and the risk of ‘free riding’Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. ‘Ownership’ of personal dataAutor:innen:
- 2. Contractual arrangements and the role of contract guidelines and model contracts for data sharingAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) (Ad hoc) downloadsAutor:innen:
- b) Application programming interfaces (APIs)Autor:innen:
- c) Data sandboxes for trusted access and re-use of sensitive and proprietary dataAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) CryptographyAutor:innen:
- b) De-identification: from anonymisation to pseudonymisation and aggregationAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. The overlapping domains of data – reflecting the various stakeholder interestsAutor:innen:
- 2. The manner data originate – reflecting the contribution to data creationAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Data commons for the governance of shared resources of common interestsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) Data partnershipsAutor:innen:
- b) Data for societal objectivesAutor:innen:
- E. ConclusionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. IntroductionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Data as intermediary inputAutor:innen:
- II. Data collection has an economic costAutor:innen:
- III. The value of data depends on their useAutor:innen:
- IV. Excludability and monopolistic data tradeAutor:innen:
- V. Data are not a homogeneous productAutor:innen:
- VI. Non-rivalry and economies of scope in data re-useAutor:innen:
- VII. Economies of scope in data aggregationAutor:innen:
- VIII. The social value of dataAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Data-driven network effectsAutor:innen:
- II. The role of platforms in the data economyAutor:innen:
- III. Monopolistic market failures in platformsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Information externalitiesAutor:innen:
- II. Asymmetric informationAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Transaction costs in personal data marketsAutor:innen:
- 2. Transaction costs and lack of transparency in commercial services marketsAutor:innen:
- 3. RisksAutor:innen:
- E. Concluding remarksAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen: |Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. Data access in the digital economyAutor:innen: |
- Autor:innen: |
- I. Private control vs. open access: The basic trade-offAutor:innen: |
- II. The benefits of open access to public sector dataAutor:innen: |
- Autor:innen: |
- 1. The status quo: Private control through de-facto possessionAutor:innen: |
- 2. Limits of the private control approachAutor:innen: |
- 3. The gaps of a private control approach do not justify its renunciationAutor:innen: |
- 4. Addressing the market failures in a private control context: The role of competition lawAutor:innen: |
- Autor:innen: |
- Autor:innen: |
- 1. The data access scenarioAutor:innen: |
- 2. Possible market failuresAutor:innen: |
- Autor:innen: |
- a) Article 20 GDPR: A mandatory portability right regarding personal dataAutor:innen: |
- b) Electricity Directive: Access to smart meter dataAutor:innen: |
- c) The Payment Service Directive II (PSD2): Access to accounts and account dataAutor:innen: |
- d) Contractual rights to port non-personal data B2CAutor:innen: |
- 4. Competition lawAutor:innen: |
- Autor:innen: |
- a) Access to individual-level data in B2C settingsAutor:innen: |
- b) Access to individual-level (industrial) data in B2B settingsAutor:innen: |
- 6. Conclusions on scenario 1Autor:innen: |
- Autor:innen: |
- 1. The data access scenarioAutor:innen: |
- 2. Possible market failuresAutor:innen: |
- 3. Legislative reactionsAutor:innen: |
- 4. Competition lawAutor:innen: |
- 5. Policy options: The role of data intermediariesAutor:innen: |
- Autor:innen: |
- 1. The data access scenarioAutor:innen: |
- 2. Possible market failuresAutor:innen: |
- 3. Competition lawAutor:innen: |
- 4. Policy options?Autor:innen: |
- D. A brief summaryAutor:innen: |
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. IntroductionAutor:innen:
- B. The relevant constitutional standardAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Article 5(1), first sentence, alt. 2 of the Basic Law – freedom of informationAutor:innen:
- 2. Article 2(1) of the Basic Law – general right of personalityAutor:innen:
- II. Interim resultAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Right of access to public sector dataAutor:innen:
- II. Right of access to private dataAutor:innen:
- III. Interim resultAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Data access rights of the governmentAutor:innen:
- II. Private data access rightsAutor:innen:
- III. Interim resultAutor:innen:
- F. Final resultAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Autor:innen:
- I. Free data for all?Autor:innen:
- II. Data protection as a regulatory regime to link data and decision-makingAutor:innen:
- III. The lack of controlAutor:innen:
- IV. The general answer of the GDPR regulatory regimeAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Personal Data as the Threshold for Application of Data Protection RegimesAutor:innen:
- II. Lawfulness of Data Processing and Procedural Requirements in combinationAutor:innen:
- III. Data Protection for both private and public data processingAutor:innen:
- C. Data as a special good and its effect on regulationAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Access and Data ProcessingAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Rights to access by the data subject, Article 15 GDPRAutor:innen:
- 2. Right to data portability, Article 20 GDPRAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Consent or legal ground as basis for data processing, Article 6 (1) GDPRAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) The strict binding of data processing to a specific purposeAutor:innen:
- b) Compatible other purposesAutor:innen:
- c) Archiving, Research and Statistics as privileged purposesAutor:innen:
- 3. Freedom of expression, media, press and journalistic purposes, Article 85 (1) GDPRAutor:innen:
- 4. Transparency and freedom of information, Article 85 (1) GDPRAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Proactive versus reactive regimeAutor:innen:
- II. Irreversible and uncontrollable consequences versus liability and damagesAutor:innen:
- III. Specific, controlled, anti-discrimination interests versus overall transparency and accessAutor:innen:
- F. Conclusion and OutlookAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. IntroductionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Copyright law: freedom of interfaces and data formatsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Patents on data encryption and transfer processes, in particular standard-essential patentsAutor:innen:
- 2. Scope of patents concerning formatted data sequencesAutor:innen:
- III. Trade secretsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. OverviewAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Introduction – impact of European database protection on big data and AI use scenariosAutor:innen:
- 2. Copyright in database works – limited and balanced approach in the EUAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) Condition of protection and legal uncertainty in the area of volunteered and observed dataAutor:innen:
- b) Scope of protection and problems for access to aggregated data setsAutor:innen:
- c) Exceptions to the sui generis right, public sector data and further problemsAutor:innen:
- 4. SummaryAutor:innen:
- III. Trade secrets protection: A defensive, more flexible hybrid regime which is better equipped for the data economyAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Basic consideration: Access to data and use of dataAutor:innen:
- 2. The basic case groupsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) Cases that should be excluded from protectionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- (1) Overriding interest in access and useAutor:innen:
- (2) Access rights for individual ‘lawful customers’ with regard to sensor-produced data of smart devicesAutor:innen:
- (3) Access and use rights for competitors: compulsory licences in the specific context of the sui generis right and of trade secrets protectionAutor:innen:
- D. Selected elements of IP rights as building blocks for the regulation of future data marketsAutor:innen:
- E. ConclusionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. (Responsive) Contract law shall be QueenAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Negative impacts of the status quoAutor:innen:
- II. Disadvantages of a purely self-regulatory approachAutor:innen:
- III. Putting unfair terms control back on the stageAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Unfairness control as a data access ruleAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) Methodological framework: responsive private law theoryAutor:innen:
- b) General regulatory framework of the data economyAutor:innen:
- c) Specific regulatory framework for contractual data access rulesAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. The lack of a statutory default ruleAutor:innen:
- 2. The vocation of our digital age for legal scienceAutor:innen:
- 3. Statutory default rules are not requiredAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) Rebuttable presumption of fairnessAutor:innen:
- b) Role model I: equitable remuneration scheme in copyright lawAutor:innen:
- c) Procedural requirementsAutor:innen:
- d) Role model II: the (German) Corporate Governance CodeAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Privity-of-contract problemAutor:innen:
- II. Transnational dimensionAutor:innen:
- E. ConclusionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. IntroductionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Current state of the DCSDAutor:innen:
- II. Access to non-personal data under Article 16(4) DCSDAutor:innen:
- III. Comparison of Article 16(4) DCSD and Articles 15, 20 GDPRAutor:innen:
- IV. Individual and collective enforcementAutor:innen:
- V. Transfer or fiduciary exercise of rightsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. European contract lawAutor:innen:
- 2. National contract law – The case of GermanyAutor:innen:
- II. A case for mandatory access rules in B2B contracts?Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Concept and functions of default contract rulesAutor:innen:
- 2. Building blocks from EU instruments, contract law principles and national lawAutor:innen:
- 3. ALI–ELI Principles for a Data EconomyAutor:innen:
- D. ConclusionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Autor:innen:
- I. From ownership to accessAutor:innen:
- II. Overview of Article 20 GDPRAutor:innen:
- III. Structure of ArgumentsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Personal data and non-personal dataAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. The GDPR settingAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) Lack of legal attributionAutor:innen:
- b) Multi-relational nature of dataAutor:innen:
- c) The Trade Secrets DirectiveAutor:innen:
- III. Structural power imbalancesAutor:innen:
- IV. Remuneration for data analysisAutor:innen:
- V. Commercial valueAutor:innen:
- VI. SummaryAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Data covered by Article 20 GDPRAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) Beneficiary and addresseeAutor:innen:
- b) Data provided because of a contract or consentAutor:innen:
- c) Observed and inferred dataAutor:innen:
- d) Preliminary findingsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Relevant rights and freedoms of others under the GDPRAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) Data rights of third partiesAutor:innen:
- b) Trade secretsAutor:innen:
- 3. Duty of care when complying with a portability requestAutor:innen:
- 4. Inferences for a business portability rightAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. The implications of portability under the GDPRAutor:innen:
- 2. Data formatAutor:innen:
- 3. Inferences for businessesAutor:innen:
- D. Conclusions and recommendationsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. IntroductionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Applying IP Economics in data access cases – the innovation incentive of factual data exclusivityAutor:innen:
- 2. Legal Framework of essential facilities – EU competition law, EU utilities market regulation in the telecommunication sector and EU fundamental rightsAutor:innen:
- II. Industrial policy-driven market regulation and the principle of free market economy – a call for more market-driven innovationAutor:innen:
- III. Adverse effects of data sharing for consumer sovereignty, privacy and innovationAutor:innen:
- IV. Adverse effects of data sharing on competition and innovationAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. OverviewAutor:innen:
- 2. Non-market-driven FinTech innovation regulation and structural disadvantages of incumbent banksAutor:innen:
- 3. Adverse effects on privacy, competition and innovation – the need for new asymmetric regulationAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. OverviewAutor:innen:
- 2. Lack of investment incentives and the need for maintaining market options for incumbent banksAutor:innen:
- 3. Tackling BigTech banking by introducing new asymmetric regulationAutor:innen:
- D. ConclusionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Autor:innen:
- I. From data ownership to data accessAutor:innen:
- II. Functional taxonomy of data access rightsAutor:innen:
- B. Course of investigationAutor:innen:
- C. National law: Taxonomy of data access rightsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. HIPAAAutor:innen:
- 2. COPPAAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. CaliforniaAutor:innen:
- 2. New ZealandAutor:innen:
- 3. BrazilAutor:innen:
- 4. JapanAutor:innen:
- 5. IndiaAutor:innen:
- 6. PhilippinesAutor:innen:
- 7. SingaporeAutor:innen:
- 8. SwitzerlandAutor:innen:
- III. Sector specific cross-type of data regulationAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) Consumer DataAutor:innen:
- b) Product DataAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- a) Accredited personsAutor:innen:
- b) GatewaysAutor:innen:
- IV. Cross-sectoral and cross-type of data regulationAutor:innen:
- E. Findings and recommendationsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. IntroductionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Horizontal data access solutionsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Opening of bank account data (PSD2)Autor:innen:
- 2. Access to data in connected carsAutor:innen:
- C. From data access solutions to data governance systemsAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. General and specific data governance systemsAutor:innen:
- II. Market failures and policy objectivesAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Consumer data rights and data portabilityAutor:innen:
- 2. Data trustee solutionsAutor:innen:
- 3. Interoperability and standardisationAutor:innen:
- 4. Minimum standards for safety, security, and privacyAutor:innen:
- E. PerspectivesAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. IntroductionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Connected devicesAutor:innen:
- II. DataAutor:innen:
- III. The user of connected devicesAutor:innen:
- IV. Data accessAutor:innen:
- C. Data access rights as an element of data governanceAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Competition-driven innovationAutor:innen:
- II. Transformation of business models and marketsAutor:innen:
- E. Data access rights as a means to overcome data lock-insAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. The right to portability of personal data pursuant to Article 20 GDPRAutor:innen:
- II. Contract lawAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- 1. Limitations of current EU competition lawAutor:innen:
- 2. Proposals for reform of German competition lawAutor:innen:
- 3. Discussion on the EU levelAutor:innen:
- 4. Remaining gapsAutor:innen:
- IV. Sector-specific data access rights of competitorsAutor:innen:
- V. Data access and intellectual propertyAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Why unfair competition law?Autor:innen:
- II. Legal design of the data access rightAutor:innen:
- H. ConclusionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:Download Kapitel (PDF)
- A. IssueAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Development contextAutor:innen:
- II. Objectives of government accessAutor:innen:
- III. Public task and examplesAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. OverviewAutor:innen:
- II. Mandatory access rulesAutor:innen:
- III. Data of private undertakings without a public linkAutor:innen:
- IV. Horizontal aspectsAutor:innen:
- V. Non-personal dataAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. OverviewAutor:innen:
- II. Purpose (what for?)Autor:innen:
- III. Beneficiaries (for whom?)Autor:innen:
- IV. Obliged parties (against whom?)Autor:innen:
- V. Relevant data (what?)Autor:innen:
- VI. Modalities of access (how?)Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Function of principlesAutor:innen:
- II. Principle of justifying statehoodAutor:innen:
- III. Principle of holistic rulesAutor:innen:
- IV. Principle of responsibilityAutor:innen:
- V. Principle of proximityAutor:innen:
- VI. Example: German ‘Market Transparency Unit for Fuels’Autor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. OverviewAutor:innen:
- II. Purpose of a horizontal frameworkAutor:innen:
- III. Possible functions of a horizontal frameworkAutor:innen:
- IV. Substantive issues for a horizontal frameworkAutor:innen:
- V. PSI Directive as a model?Autor:innen:
- VI. ConclusionAutor:innen:
- Autor:innen:
- I. Reaching beyond access rulesAutor:innen:
- II. Reform laws on official statisticsAutor:innen:
- III. Modify database protectionAutor:innen:
- IV. Coordinate advancement of re-use lawAutor:innen:
- V. Strengthen subjective access rightsAutor:innen:
- H. OutlookAutor:innen:
- ContributorsSeiten 573 - 574 Download Kapitel (PDF)
