The Right to Regulate in International Investment Law

Aikaterini Titi

doi:10.5771/9783845251783

Summary

Seit der Entstehung des Systems des internationalen Investitionsschutzrechts dienen Investitionsschutzabkommen der Förderung und dem Schutz von Auslandsinvestitionen. In diesen völkerrechtlichen Verträgen haben Staaten ihre politischen Handlungsspielräume begrenzt, um ausländische Investitionen anzulocken und eigene Investoren im Ausland zu schützen. Unlängst noch ein Randthema, ist das staatliche Recht der Regulierung weltweit immer mehr in den Fokus von Verhandlungen über neue Investitionsschutzabkommen gelangt. Staaten wie auch internationale Organisationen – inklusive der Europäischen Union und den Vereinigten Staaten – untersuchen verstärkt Wege, wie sie Regulierungsmöglichkeiten zur Verfolgung allgemeinpolitischer Ziele bewahren und gleichzeitig die Auslegungsmöglichkeiten von Schiedsgerichten lenken und limitieren können. Diese Arbeit diskutiert den Status Quo des Rechts der Regulierung als Bestandsaufnahme und Referenz für Verhandlungen neuer Investitionsschutzabkommen, um so zu einem besseren Verständnis des Konzepts und zur Akzeptanz des Investitionsschutzrechts beizutragen.

Die Autorin forscht in den Themengebieten des internationalen Investitionsschutzrechts und der internationalen Streitbeilegung.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2014
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-1062-1
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-5178-3
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht
Volume: 10
Language: English
Pages: 376
Product type: Book Titles

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 2 - 14 Aikaterini Titi
List of principal abbreviations No access Pages 15 - 18 Aikaterini Titi
Introduction No access Pages 19 - 31 Aikaterini Titi
1. The right to regulate: what’s in a name… No access Pages 32 - 35 Aikaterini Titi
2. 1. Limiting the scope of investment protection No access Pages 35 - 40 Aikaterini Titi
  2. Deference afforded at tribunal discretion No access Pages 40 - 42 Aikaterini Titi
  3. Clarifications and interpretative statements No access Pages 42 - 45 Aikaterini Titi
  4. Doing away with investor-state dispute settlement No access Pages 45 - 48 Aikaterini Titi
  5. Elimination of the umbrella clause No access Pages 48 - 50 Aikaterini Titi
  6. Exceptions versus reservations No access Pages 50 - 52 Aikaterini Titi
3. Concluding remarks No access Pages 52 - 52 Aikaterini Titi
1. The pre-modern-investment-world regime No access Pages 53 - 56 Aikaterini Titi
2. WTO law, EU law and the European Convention on Human Rights No access Pages 56 - 58 Aikaterini Titi
3. Some developments at the bilateral level No access Pages 58 - 61 Aikaterini Titi
4. Developments at the plurilateral level: the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement No access Pages 61 - 62 Aikaterini Titi
5. Developments at the collective level: the right to regulate and European investment agreements No access Pages 62 - 66 Aikaterini Titi
6. Concluding remarks No access Pages 66 - 66 Aikaterini Titi
1. Arbitration as a perceived threat to state regulatory freedom No access Pages 67 - 72 Aikaterini Titi
2. Policy space as a remedy to a systemic imbalance No access Pages 72 - 75 Aikaterini Titi
3. Concluding remarks No access Pages 75 - 75 Aikaterini Titi
1. General observations No access Pages 76 - 78 Aikaterini Titi
2. 1. General observations on essential security interests No access Pages 78 - 82 Aikaterini Titi
  2. Essential security interests, economic crises and economic security No access Pages 82 - 84 Aikaterini Titi
  3. Essential security interests and access to strategic industries No access Pages 84 - 88 Aikaterini Titi
  4. Essential interests No access Pages 88 - 90 Aikaterini Titi
  5. International peace and security No access Pages 90 - 94 Aikaterini Titi
  6. Circumstances of extreme emergency No access Pages 94 - 94 Aikaterini Titi
3. Public order (ordre public) No access Pages 94 - 99 Aikaterini Titi
4. Regulation in the public interest No access Pages 99 - 103 Aikaterini Titi
5. Concluding remarks No access Pages 103 - 103 Aikaterini Titi
1. Positive language No access Pages 104 - 111 Aikaterini Titi
2. ‘Declaratory’ right to regulate No access Pages 111 - 115 Aikaterini Titi
3. The right to regulate and the preamble No access Pages 115 - 122 Aikaterini Titi
4. Concluding remarks No access Pages 122 - 122 Aikaterini Titi
1. General observations No access Pages 123 - 125 Aikaterini Titi
2. 1. General remarks No access Pages 125 - 126 Aikaterini Titi
  2. Aikaterini Titi
    1. General observations No access Aikaterini Titi
    2. The REIO exception in the contingent standards No access Aikaterini Titi
    3. Idiosyncratic exceptions to the non-discrimination standards No access Aikaterini Titi
    4. Non-extension of the MFN treatment to ISDS No access Aikaterini Titi
    5. The right to regulate and the ‘in like circumstances’ formula No access Aikaterini Titi
  3. The right to regulate and the fair and equitable treatment, the minimum standard of treatment and full protection and security No access Pages 143 - 148 Aikaterini Titi
  4. Aikaterini Titi
    1. The right to regulate and expropriation in general No access Aikaterini Titi
    2. Exception to the expropriation standard modelled on the ECHR – A consideration de lege ferenda? No access Aikaterini Titi
  5. Aikaterini Titi
    1. Exceptions relating to bankruptcy, securities’ trading, criminal offences, compliance with adjudicatory proceedings and the soundness of financial institutions No access Aikaterini Titi
    2. Temporary derogations in case of balance-of-payments crises and difficulties for monetary and exchange rate policies No access Aikaterini Titi
    3. The REIO exception and capital transfers (EU/BIT Judgments-related exception) No access Aikaterini Titi
  6. The right to regulate and performance requirements No access Pages 164 - 166 Aikaterini Titi
  7. The right to regulate and provisions on compensation for losses No access Pages 166 - 169 Aikaterini Titi
3. 1. General remarks No access Pages 169 - 173 Aikaterini Titi
  2. Aikaterini Titi
    1. General exceptions clauses modelled after Article XX GATT No access Aikaterini Titi
    2. Relevance of GATT/WTO jurisprudence No access Aikaterini Titi
    3. Aikaterini Titi
      1. Expropriation No access Aikaterini Titi
      2. National and most-favoured-nation treatment No access Aikaterini Titi
      3. Fair and equitable treatment, minimum standard of treatment and full protection and security No access Aikaterini Titi
      4. Transfers of capital No access Aikaterini Titi
      5. Performance requirements No access Aikaterini Titi
      6. The chapeau (or equivalent) and national security exceptions No access Aikaterini Titi
4. Concluding remarks No access Pages 188 - 189 Aikaterini Titi
1. The nexus requirement No access Pages 190 - 195 Aikaterini Titi
2. 1. General No access Pages 195 - 201 Aikaterini Titi
  2. The standard of review of self-judging clauses No access Pages 201 - 202 Aikaterini Titi
3. The standard of review in the absence of a self-judging clause No access Pages 202 - 204 Aikaterini Titi
4. Concluding remarks No access Pages 204 - 205 Aikaterini Titi
1. Essential security interests No access Pages 206 - 211 Aikaterini Titi
2. Taxation No access Pages 211 - 216 Aikaterini Titi
3. 1. Introduction No access Pages 216 - 219 Aikaterini Titi
  2. The exception for cultural diversity No access Pages 219 - 222 Aikaterini Titi
  3. Considerations for cultural policy outside the stricto sensu investment context No access Pages 222 - 224 Aikaterini Titi
  4. Aikaterini Titi
    1. The Multilateral Agreement on Investment and the exception for culture No access Aikaterini Titi
    2. France and ‘the framework of measures designed to preserve and promote cultural and linguistic diversity’ No access Aikaterini Titi
    3. The European Union and the promotion of cultural diversity No access Aikaterini Titi
    4. The Canadian approach: carving cultural industries out of the scope of the agreement No access Aikaterini Titi
4. Concluding remarks No access Pages 233 - 234 Aikaterini Titi
1. 1. General No access Pages 235 - 237 Aikaterini Titi
  2. Aikaterini Titi
    1. Necessity and the criteria for its successful invocation No access Aikaterini Titi
    2. Practical availability of the necessity defence No access Aikaterini Titi
    3. Does customary international law provide a national security defence? No access Aikaterini Titi
  3. Force majeure and distress No access Pages 257 - 258 Aikaterini Titi
  4. Aikaterini Titi
    1. Legal nature and operation of the defence No access Aikaterini Titi
    2. Compensation No access Aikaterini Titi
  5. ILC defences and the right to regulate. Some further reflections No access Pages 265 - 270 Aikaterini Titi
2. Ius cogens No access Pages 270 - 272 Aikaterini Titi
3. The clausula rebus sic stantibus and bribery No access Pages 272 - 273 Aikaterini Titi
4. Concluding remarks No access Pages 273 - 274 Aikaterini Titi
1. General observations No access Pages 275 - 276 Aikaterini Titi
2. 1. The fair and equitable treatment No access Pages 276 - 281 Aikaterini Titi
  2. Expropriation No access Pages 281 - 288 Aikaterini Titi
  3. Concluding remarks No access Pages 288 - 290 Aikaterini Titi
3. The protection of essential security interests in the absence of an express treaty-based right to regulate No access Pages 290 - 293 Aikaterini Titi
4. Are explicit treaty exceptions necessary to reserve policy space? No access Pages 293 - 294 Aikaterini Titi
5. Is an explicit treaty-based right to regulate harmful to regulatory freedom? No access Pages 294 - 296 Aikaterini Titi
6. Concluding remarks No access Pages 296 - 297 Aikaterini Titi
Conclusion No access Pages 298 - 304 Aikaterini Titi
Bibliography No access Pages 305 - 330 Aikaterini Titi
Index of cases No access Pages 331 - 336 Aikaterini Titi
Index of legislation No access Pages 337 - 338 Aikaterini Titi
Index of treaties No access Pages 339 - 374 Aikaterini Titi
Index No access Pages 375 - 376 Aikaterini Titi