Peace Through Law: The Versailles Peace Treaty and Dispute Settlement After World War I

Michel Erpelding; Burkhard Hess; Hélène Ruiz Fabri

doi:10.5771/9783845299167

Summary

With the benefit of hindsight, presenting the Treaty of Versailles as an example of ‘peace through law’ might seem like a provocation. And yet, the extreme variety and innovativeness of international procedural and substantial ‘experiments’ attempted as a result of the Treaty of Versailles and the other Paris Peace Treaties of 1919–1920 remain striking even today. While many of these ‘experiments’ had a lasting impact on international law and dispute settlement after the Second World War, and considerably broadened the very idea of ‘peace through law’, they have often disappeared from collective memories.

Relying on both legal and historical research, this book provides a global overview of how the Paris Peace Treaties impacted on dispute resolution in the interwar period, both substantially and procedurally. The book’s accounts of several all-but-forgotten international tribunals and their case law include references to archival records and photographic illustrations.

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Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2019
Copyright Year: 2019
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-5754-1
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-9916-7
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law
Volume: 16
Language: English
Pages: 354
Product Type: Edited Book

Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisPages 1 - 10 Download chapter (PDF)
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1. 1. Peace Through Law?
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2. 2. The Establishment of a New International Order of Peace
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3. 3. The Emergence of International Economic Law
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4. 4. The Institutionalization of International Adjudication
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5. 5. Beyond ‘Peace Through Law’: The Use of Law and Its Records as Vehicles of Resistance and Change
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  1. 1. Prologue: Noël, 1913
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  2. 2. A Dramatic Gesture
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  3. 3. The Dramatis Personae and the Actors: Dynamics and Indeterminacy
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  4. 4. The Agon of the Personae
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  5. 5. Dramatic Anomalies
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  6. 6. Destructive Parody
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  7. 7. No Exit?
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  8. 8. The ‘Art of Justice’ and the ‘Smoking Crater’
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  9. 9. Conclusion … or Not?
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  1. 1. Introduction
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  2. 2. Sovereign Equality Emerging—But not Entrenched
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  3. 3. Admission, Voting, and Sovereign Equality in the League
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  4. 4. Other Aspects of Participation
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  5. 5. Conclusion
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2. Chapter 3 Preventing a Repetition of the Great War: Responding to International Terrorism in the 1930sPages 85 - 98
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  1. 1. Introduction
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    1. 2.1. The Principle of Non-Annexation of Territories Upon Military Victory
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    2. 2.2. The Internationalization of the Treatment of Certain Colonial Populations
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    3. 2.3. The Institutionalization of a Droit de Regard with Respect to the Treatment of Certain Colonial Populations
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    1. 3.1. The Mandates System as a Formalization of the Interests of Colonial Powers
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    2. 3.2. The Reliance of the Mandates System on the Right of Civilization
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    3. 3.3. The Mandates System as an Entrenchment of Colonial Domination
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  4. 4. Conclusion
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  1. 1. Introduction
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    1. 2.1. Wartime Mistreatment of Minorities
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    2. 2.2. The Allies’ War Aims and National Minorities
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    3. 2.3. Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points and Self-Determination
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    1. 3.1. Wilson’s Equal Treatment Clauses
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    2. 3.2. Japan’s Racial Equality Clause
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    3. 3.3. Equality in the Polish Treaty: Defining Moments
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  4. 4. Concluding remarks
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  1. 1. Introduction
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  2. 2. From Revolution to Reform
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  3. 3. Legal Proceduralism versus Revolution
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  4. 4. Law and Morality: Towards Responsive Law
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  5. 5. Law and/as Expertise
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  6. 6. Conclusion
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  1. 1. Introduction: Terminology and the Historical Context
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    1. 2.1. The Institutional Framework
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    2. 2.2. The Work Programme, and the Individuals
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    3. 2.3. 1937: Not the End, but a Transition into the Unknown
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    1. 3.1. Political Background
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    2. 3.2. The 1923 Protocol on Arbitration Clauses
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    3. 3.3. The 1927 Convention on the Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards
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    4. 3.4 Overall Assessment
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  4. 4. Conclusion
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    1. 1.1 An American Idea
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    2. 1.2 A British Enlargement
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    3. 1.3 An Inter-Allied Compromise
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    4. 1.4 The Reparation Commission as a New Deal
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    1. 2.1 The Ambiguous Status of the Reparation Commission
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    2. 2.2 The Obstacles for Transforming the Reparation Commission into an Independent Tribunal
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    3. 2.3 The Turning Point of 1922
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  1. 1. Morality, Law, and the Economists
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  2. 2. The Magnitude of the German Reparation Debt
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  3. 3. The Ruhr Crisis and the Dawes Plan
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  4. 4. The Young Plan and Its Aftermath
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  5. 5. The Versailles Reparations in Perspective
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  1. 1. Introduction
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    1. 2.1. A World Court at Last
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    2. 2.2. A World Court with a Modest Brief
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    1. 3.1. Sticking to the Brief: the Court as a Dispute Settler
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    2. 3.2. ‘Gradually Moulding International Law’: the Court as an Agent of Legal Development
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  4. 4. Concluding Thoughts
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      1. 1.1.1. War Measures Against the Property of ‘Ennemis Nationaux’
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      2. 1.1.2. Private Rights and Interests in the Peace Treaties
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      1. 1.2.1. The Pertinent Provisions in the Peace Treaties
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      2. 1.2.2. The Competences of the MATs
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      3. 1.2.3. The German–US Peace Treaty of 1922
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      1. 2.1.1. A New Model for the Settlement of International Disputes
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      2. 2.1.2. Statistical Data
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      1. 2.2.1. The Judges and the Secretariats
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      2. 2.2.2. The State Agents
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      3. 2.2.3. The Position of the Individual Claimants
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    3. 2.3. The Procedures Applied
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      1. 2.4.1. The Basic Regime
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      2. 2.4.2. Concurrent Pending Jurisdiction in National Courts
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      3. 2.4.3. Finality and Enforceability
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      1. 3.1.1. National or International Tribunals
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      2. 3.1.2. General/Special Jurisdiction
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    2. 3.2. Modern Parallels
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    1. 4.1. Nationality and Standing
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      1. 4.2.1. The Debate Among Scholars
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      2. 4.2.2. The Case Law of the MATs
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    1. 5.1. A Preferred Way of Dispute Settlement in the 1920s
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    2. 5.2. A Practical Drawback: The Fragmentation of the Case Law
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    3. 5.3. Are There Lessons to be Learned?
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  1. 1. Introduction: Mitigating the Side-Effects of Self-Determination
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    1. 2.1. Direct Individual Claims for Compensation
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    2. 2.2. Indirect Individual Claims
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    3. 2.3. Evocation Procedure
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    4. 2.4. Power to Create General Binding Precedent
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    1. 3.1. Setting Up the Tribunal
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    2. 3.2. Engaging with the Local Population
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    3. 3.3. Dealing with the States Parties
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  4. 4. Defending the Tribunal’s Legacy
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  5. 5. Conclusion: From Upper Silesia to Luxembourg?
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    1. 1.1. Article 43 of the Annex to the 1907 Hague Convention
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      1. 1.2.1. The Majority’s Interpretation
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      2. 1.2.2. The Interpretation of de Ryckère and Benoidt.
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      3. 1.2.3. ‘Whereas the Independence of the Belgian Courts Has Been Infringed...’
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    1. 2.1. Categories of Possible Effects
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      1. 2.2.1. Criminal Law
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      2. 2.2.2. Contract Law
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      3. 2.2.3. International Private Law (Outside Occupied Belgium)
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  3. 3. Epilogue
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  1. 1. Introduction
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  2. 2. Translating Foundational Moments
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  3. 3. Ottoman Courts-Martial
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  4. 4. Art as a Means of Making Visible
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  5. 5. Flowers of War
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  6. 6. Peace Through Law: Conclusion
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