State and Church in the European Union

Prof. Dr. Gerhard Robbers

doi:10.5771/9783845296265

Summary

Churches as essential components of European culture have major significance for European integration. A Europe, bound by common constitutional traditions, cultures and traditions of its Member States, their national identity and the principle of subsidiarity, will have to respect the deep-rooted systems of State and Church relationships in its Member States.

The volume presents in its second edition a broad comparison of different systems of State and Church relationships in the Member States of the European Union. It includes the new Member States and gives an account of the new developments throughout Europe. The volume shows the implications of European integration on the position of the Churches. It is of interest to all working in the field of State-Church relationship as well as to public and church institutions.

The volume has been produced in association with the European Consortium for State-Church Research. The authors are experts in the field from the different Member States of the European Union, presenting the relevant systems of their home countries. The editor is professor for public law at the University of Trier and head of the Research Centre for European Constitutional Law.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2019
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-5472-4
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-9626-5
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 688
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 10
Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
1. I. Social Facts No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
2. II. Historical Background No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
3. Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  1. i. Constitution No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  2. ii. Secondary legislation No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  3. iii. Impact of devolution No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
4. Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  1. i. Separation of Church-State and neutrality No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  2. ii. Recognised religions No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  3. iii. (Legal) concept of religion No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
5. Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  1. i. Recognised religions and beliefs No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  2. ii. Unrecognised religious groups No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  3. iii. Religious autonomy: general No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  4. iv. Religious autonomy and non-discrimination No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  5. v. Religious autonomy: range of activities No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
6. V. Churches and Religious Communities within the Political System No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
7. Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  1. a. Education No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  2. i. Primary and secondary education No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  3. ii. Religion in higher education No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  4. b. Media No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
8. VII. Labour Law within Religious Communities No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
9. VIII. Financing of Churches No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
10. Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  1. a. Armed forces No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  2. b. Hospitals No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  3. c. Penitentiaries No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  4. d. Other public institutions No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
11. X. Legal status of Priests and Members of Religious Orders No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
12. Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  1. a. Civil marriage prior to religious marriage No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  2. b. Children: adoption and religious upbringing No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  3. c. Private International Law No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  4. i. Polygamy No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
  5. ii. Dowry No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
13. XII. Conclusion No access Rik Torfs, Jogchum Vrielink
Atanas Krussteff
1. I. Social Facts No access Atanas Krussteff
2. II. Historical Background No access Atanas Krussteff
3. Atanas Krussteff
  1. Law on Religions No access Atanas Krussteff
4. Atanas Krussteff
  1. General Scope of Protection No access Atanas Krussteff
  2. Status of Minors No access Atanas Krussteff
  3. Activities Protected No access Atanas Krussteff
  4. Limitations to Freedom of Religion or Belief No access Atanas Krussteff
5. V. The Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Atanas Krussteff
6. VI. Religious Autonomy No access Atanas Krussteff
7. VII. Education No access Atanas Krussteff
8. VIII. Religion and Personnel Matters No access Atanas Krussteff
9. IX. Finance No access Atanas Krussteff
10. X. Religious Assistance in and Access to Public Institutions No access Atanas Krussteff
11. XI. Religion and Family Matters No access Atanas Krussteff
12. XII. Religion in Criminal Law and Other Public Regulations No access Atanas Krussteff
Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
1. I. Social Facts No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
2. II. Historical Background No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
3. III. Legal Sources No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
5. V. Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
6. VI. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
7. Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
  1. 1. Church Public and Private Schools: Organization No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
  2. 2. Church Higher Schools No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
  3. 3. Religious Education No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
  4. 4. Theological Faculties at Public Universities No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
  5. 5. Broadcasting No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
9. IX. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
10. X. Finances of Religious Communities No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
11. XI. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
12. XII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
13. XIII. Criminal Law and Religion No access Jiří Rajmund Tretera, Záboj Horák
Niels Valdemar Vinding
1. I. Social Facts No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
2. II. Historical Background No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
3. III. Basic Categories of the Danish System No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
4. IV. Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
5. V. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
6. VI. Culture No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
7. VII. Labour Law within Religious Communities No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
8. VIII. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
9. IX. Finances of Religious Communities No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
10. X. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
11. XI. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
12. XII. Criminal Law and Religion No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
13. XIII. Major Developments and Trends No access Niels Valdemar Vinding
Gerhard Robbers
1. I. Social Facts No access Gerhard Robbers
2. II. Historical Background No access Gerhard Robbers
3. III. Legal Sources No access Gerhard Robbers
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System No access Gerhard Robbers
5. V. The Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Gerhard Robbers
6. VI. The Meaning of Religious Community and the Right of Self-Determination No access Gerhard Robbers
7. VII. Churches and Culture No access Gerhard Robbers
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Churches No access Gerhard Robbers
9. IX. Financing of Churches No access Gerhard Robbers
10. X. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Gerhard Robbers
11. XI. The Legal Position of Priests and Members of Religious Orders No access Gerhard Robbers
12. XII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Gerhard Robbers
13. XIII. Religion and Criminal Law No access Gerhard Robbers
14. XIV. Particular Questions of Civil Ecclesiastical Law No access Gerhard Robbers
Merilin Kiviorg
1. I. Social Facts No access Merilin Kiviorg
2. II. Historical Background No access Merilin Kiviorg
3. III. Legal Sources No access Merilin Kiviorg
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System No access Merilin Kiviorg
5. V. Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Merilin Kiviorg
6. VI. The Right to Self-Determination/Autonomy of Religious Communities No access Merilin Kiviorg
7. VII. Culture No access Merilin Kiviorg
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Merilin Kiviorg
9. IX. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Merilin Kiviorg
10. X. Finances of Religious Communities No access Merilin Kiviorg
11. XI. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Merilin Kiviorg
12. XII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Merilin Kiviorg
13. XIII. Criminal Law and Religion No access Merilin Kiviorg
14. XIV. Major Developments and Trends No access Merilin Kiviorg
Stephen Farrell
1. I. Social Facts No access Stephen Farrell
2. II. Historical Background No access Stephen Farrell
3. III. Legal Sources No access Stephen Farrell
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System No access Stephen Farrell
5. V. Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Stephen Farrell
6. VI. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Stephen Farrell
7. VII. Culture No access Stephen Farrell
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Stephen Farrell
9. IX. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Stephen Farrell
10. X. Finances of Religious Communities No access Stephen Farrell
11. XI. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Stephen Farrell
12. XII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Stephen Farrell
13. XIII. Major Developments and Trends No access Stephen Farrell
Lina Papadopoulou
1. I. Social Facts No access Lina Papadopoulou
2. II. Historical Background No access Lina Papadopoulou
3. Lina Papadopoulou
  1. Lina Papadopoulou
    1. 1.1. Religious freedom and equality (Articles 2, 4, 5(2) and 13) No access Lina Papadopoulou
    2. 1.2. Acknowledging the religious phenomenon and the prevailing status of the Greek Orthodox Church No access Lina Papadopoulou
  2. Lina Papadopoulou
    1. 2.1. The general legal framework No access Lina Papadopoulou
    2. 2.2. The principle of non-discrimination on the basis of religion No access Lina Papadopoulou
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System No access Lina Papadopoulou
5. Lina Papadopoulou
  1. 1. The previous legal status No access Lina Papadopoulou
  2. 2. The changes brought about by Law 4301/2014 No access Lina Papadopoulou
  3. 3. The special status of the Muslim minority in Western Thrace No access Lina Papadopoulou
  4. 4. The special regime of Mount Athos No access Lina Papadopoulou
6. VI. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Lina Papadopoulou
7. Lina Papadopoulou
  1. 1. General No access Lina Papadopoulou
  2. Lina Papadopoulou
    1. 2.1. Religious education in schools No access Lina Papadopoulou
    2. 2.2. Education of the Muslim minority No access Lina Papadopoulou
    3. 2.3. Education for religious personnel No access Lina Papadopoulou
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Lina Papadopoulou
9. IX. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Lina Papadopoulou
10. X. Finances of Religious Communities No access Lina Papadopoulou
11. XI. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Lina Papadopoulou
12. XII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Lina Papadopoulou
13. Lina Papadopoulou
  1. 1. Protection of religion in the Penal Code No access Lina Papadopoulou
  2. 2. The internal dimension No access Lina Papadopoulou
14. XIV. Major Developments and Trends No access Lina Papadopoulou
Iván C. Ibán
1. I. Social Facts No access Iván C. Ibán
2. II. Historical Background No access Iván C. Ibán
3. III. Legal Sources No access Iván C. Ibán
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System No access Iván C. Ibán
5. V. Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Iván C. Ibán
6. VI. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Iván C. Ibán
7. VII. Culture No access Iván C. Ibán
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Iván C. Ibán
9. IX. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Iván C. Ibán
10. X. Finances of Religious Communities No access Iván C. Ibán
11. XI. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Iván C. Ibán
12. XII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Iván C. Ibán
13. XIII. Criminal Law and Religious Communities No access Iván C. Ibán
14. XIV. Major Developments and Trends No access Iván C. Ibán
Francis Messner
1. I. Social Facts No access Francis Messner
2. Francis Messner
  1. - General law No access Francis Messner
  2. - Local law in the French Overseas Départements and Territories No access Francis Messner
  3. - Local law in Alsace-Moselle No access Francis Messner
3. III. Legal Sources No access Francis Messner
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System No access Francis Messner
5. Francis Messner
  1. - General law No access Francis Messner
  2. - Local laws No access Francis Messner
  3. - Religious congregations No access Francis Messner
6. Francis Messner
  1. - Religious education No access Francis Messner
  2. - Private primary and secondary education No access Francis Messner
  3. - Theology faculties No access Francis Messner
7. VII. Labour law within the religious communities No access Francis Messner
8. VIII. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Francis Messner
9. IX. Finances No access Francis Messner
10. X. Spiritual Assistance in Public Bodies No access Francis Messner
11. XI. Religion and Family Law No access Francis Messner
12. XII. Penal Law and Religion No access Francis Messner
13. XIII. Major Developments and Trends No access Francis Messner
Vanja-Ivan Savić
1. I. Social Facts No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
2. II. Historical Background No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
3. III. Legal Sources No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
5. V. Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
6. VI. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
7. VII. Culture No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
8. VIII. Labour Law within Religious Communities No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
9. IX. The Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
10. X. Finances of Religious Institutions No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
11. XI. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
12. XII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
13. XIII. The Criminal Law and Religious Communities No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
14. XIV. Major Developments and Trends No access Vanja-Ivan Savić
Roberto Mazzola
1. I. Historical and Regulatory Profiles No access Roberto Mazzola
2. Roberto Mazzola
  1. 1. Explicit References to Religion in Italian Law No access Roberto Mazzola
  2. 2. Exclusion of Sources of Religious Rights in the Legal System of the State No access Roberto Mazzola
  3. 3. The Right to Opt between the Civil and Religious Systems No access Roberto Mazzola
  4. 4. Normative Autonomy of Religious Organisations No access Roberto Mazzola
  5. 5. Combatting Religiously Motivated Discrimination No access Roberto Mazzola
3. III. Jurisprudential Profiles of the Italian Agreement System No access Roberto Mazzola
4. IV. Ethnico-Religious Social Processes and the Law No access Roberto Mazzola
5. IV. Conclusions No access Roberto Mazzola
Achilles C. Emilianides
1. I. Social Facts No access Achilles C. Emilianides
2. II. Historical Background No access Achilles C. Emilianides
3. III. Legal Sources No access Achilles C. Emilianides
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System No access Achilles C. Emilianides
5. V. Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Achilles C. Emilianides
6. VI. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Achilles C. Emilianides
7. VII. Culture No access Achilles C. Emilianides
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Achilles C. Emilianides
9. IX. Legal Status of Clergy and Monks No access Achilles C. Emilianides
10. X. Finances of Religious Communities No access Achilles C. Emilianides
11. XI. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Achilles C. Emilianides
12. XII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Achilles C. Emilianides
13. XIII. Criminal Law and Religious Communities No access Achilles C. Emilianides
14. XIV. Major Developments and Trends No access Achilles C. Emilianides
Ringolds Balodis
1. I. Social Facts No access Ringolds Balodis
2. II. Historical Background No access Ringolds Balodis
3. Ringolds Balodis
  1. 1. Constitutional provisions on religion No access Ringolds Balodis
  2. 2. The Latvian Law on Religious Organisations No access Ringolds Balodis
  3. 3. The agreement between the Republic of Latvia with the Holy See and the rsulting special status of the Roman Catholic Church No access Ringolds Balodis
  4. 4. The Special Church Laws, adopted on the basis of agreements concluded by the government No access Ringolds Balodis
  5. 5. A comparative view on the rights established No access Ringolds Balodis
  6. 6. The Judgment of the Constitutional Court of 26 April 2018 No access Ringolds Balodis
  7. 7. ’’Traditionalism’’ and the positive neutrality that follows from it No access Ringolds Balodis
4. IV. Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Ringolds Balodis
5. V. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Ringolds Balodis
6. VI. The State of Latvia and the Preservation of the Cultural Objects Owned by Churches No access Ringolds Balodis
7. VII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Ringolds Balodis
8. VIII. The Legal Status of Priests and Members of the Religious Orders No access Ringolds Balodis
9. Ringolds Balodis
  1. 1. Religious organisations as public benefit organisations. No access Ringolds Balodis
  2. 2. The personal income tax. No access Ringolds Balodis
  3. 3. Immovable property tax. No access Ringolds Balodis
  4. 4. The value added tax. No access Ringolds Balodis
  5. 5. Customs duty on imports. No access Ringolds Balodis
10. Ringolds Balodis
  1. 1. Chaplaincy in the Armed Forces No access Ringolds Balodis
  2. 2. Chaplaincy in Hospitals (historically, status, appointment, revocation, funding etc.) No access Ringolds Balodis
  3. 3. Chaplaincy in the Penitentiaries No access Ringolds Balodis
  4. 4. Chaplaincy in the Other Public Institutions No access Ringolds Balodis
11. XI. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Ringolds Balodis
12. XII. The Criminal Law and Religious Communities No access Ringolds Balodis
13. XIII. Religious Education No access Ringolds Balodis
14. XIV. The Protection of Animal Rights and Religion No access Ringolds Balodis
Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
1. I. Social Facts No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
2. II. Historical Background No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
3. Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
  1. 1. Legal Sources No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
  2. 2. Categories of System Approach No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
4. Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
  1. 1. Legal Status of Religious Bodies No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
  2. 2. The Meaning of Religious Community and the Right of SelfDetermination No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
5. V. Churches and Culture No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
6. VI. Labour Law Within the Religious Communities No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
7. VII. Financing of the Churches No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
8. VIII. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
9. IX. The Legal Status of Priests and Members of the Religious Orders No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
10. X. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
11. XI. Criminal Law No access Jolanta Kuznecoviene, Donata Glodenis
Gerhard Robbers
1. I. Social Facts No access Gerhard Robbers
2. II. Historical Background No access Gerhard Robbers
3. III. Legal Sources No access Gerhard Robbers
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System No access Gerhard Robbers
5. V. The Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Gerhard Robbers
6. VI. The Meaning of Religious Community and the Right of Self Determination No access Gerhard Robbers
7. VII. Churches and Culture No access Gerhard Robbers
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Churches No access Gerhard Robbers
9. IX. Financing of Churches No access Gerhard Robbers
10. X. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Gerhard Robbers
11. XI. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Gerhard Robbers
12. XII. Religion and Criminal Law No access Gerhard Robbers
13. XIII. Particular Questions of Civil Ecclesiastical Law No access Gerhard Robbers
Balázs Schanda
1. I. Social Facts No access Balázs Schanda
2. II. Historical Background No access Balázs Schanda
3. III. Legal Sources No access Balázs Schanda
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System No access Balázs Schanda
5. V. Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Balázs Schanda
6. VI. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Balázs Schanda
7. Balázs Schanda
  1. 1. Religious education No access Balázs Schanda
  2. 2. Church run schools No access Balázs Schanda
  3. 3. Theology No access Balázs Schanda
  4. 4. Media No access Balázs Schanda
  5. 5. Cultural heritage No access Balázs Schanda
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Balázs Schanda
9. IX. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Balázs Schanda
10. Balázs Schanda
  1. 1. Property issues No access Balázs Schanda
  2. 2. Tax assignment No access Balázs Schanda
  3. 3. Public funds for religious activities No access Balázs Schanda
  4. 4. Public funds for public activities of religious communities No access Balázs Schanda
11. XI. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Balázs Schanda
12. XII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Balázs Schanda
13. XIII. Criminal Law and Religious Communities No access Balázs Schanda
14. XIV. Major Developments and Trends No access Balázs Schanda
Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
1. I. Social Facts No access Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
2. II. Historical Background No access Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
3. Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
  1. 1. In the Constitution No access Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
  2. 2. In the Education Act (Act XXIV of 1988, Chap. 327 of the Laws of Malta) No access Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
  3. 3. In the Criminal Code (Chap. 9 of the Laws of Malta) No access Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
  4. 4. In Fiscal Law No access Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
  5. 5. According to the Marriage Act (Act XXXVII of 1975 as subsequently amended, Chap. 255 of the Laws of Malta) No access Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
  6. 6. Under the Cultural Heritage Act (Act VI of 2002) No access Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
  7. 7. The Public Meetings Ordinance (Chapter 68) No access Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
4. IV. The Present Position in the Cultural, Social, Political and Economic Life of Malta No access Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
5. V. Concluding Note No access Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
1. I. Social Facts No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
2. II. Historical Background No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
3. Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
  1. a) Legal sources No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
  2. b) Categories of system approach No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
4. Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
  1. a) Legal status of religious bodies No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
  2. b) The concept of Church in law and the right to self-determination No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
  3. c) Churches and the political system No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
5. V. Churches and Culture No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
6. VI. Labour Law within the Churches No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
7. VII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
8. VIII. Finances of the Churches No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
9. IX. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
10. X. Criminal Law and Religion No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
11. XI. Legal Status of Holders of a Spiritual Office No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
12. XII. Developments No access Sophie C. van Bijsterveld
Richard Potz
1. I. Social Facts No access Richard Potz
2. II. Historical Background No access Richard Potz
3. Richard Potz
  1. 1. Principles No access Richard Potz
  2. 2. Comprehensive Protection of Freedom of Religion No access Richard Potz
  3. 3. Protection of Fundamental Rights No access Richard Potz
  4. 4. Provisions of Ordinary Law No access Richard Potz
  5. 5. Basic Categories of the Austrian System No access Richard Potz
4. Richard Potz
  1. Richard Potz
    1. a) Recognised churches and religious societies No access Richard Potz
    2. b) Registered religious communities No access Richard Potz
    3. c) Religious communities as associations No access Richard Potz
  2. 2. The Notion of Freedom of Religious Communities No access Richard Potz
  3. Richard Potz
    1. a) Legal status of church institutions in general No access Richard Potz
    2. b) Educational institutions: see below, Section VI) No access Richard Potz
    3. c) Welfare organisations financed (supported) by churches No access Richard Potz
5. V. Churches and Religious Societies in the Political System No access Richard Potz
6. Richard Potz
  1. 1. Private Schools No access Richard Potz
  2. 2. Religious Instruction No access Richard Potz
  3. 3. Pedagogical and Religious-Pedagogical Colleges of Higher Education No access Richard Potz
  4. Richard Potz
    1. a) Faculties of Catholic Theology No access Richard Potz
    2. b) Faculty of Protestant Theology No access Richard Potz
    3. c) Islamic Theology No access Richard Potz
  5. 5. Church Private Universities No access Richard Potz
  6. Richard Potz
    1. a) Broadcasting legislation No access Richard Potz
    2. b) Print media No access Richard Potz
  7. 7. Protection of Historic Monuments No access Richard Potz
7. Richard Potz
  1. 1. Collective Labour Law No access Richard Potz
  2. 2. Individual Labour Law No access Richard Potz
  3. 3. Welfare Law No access Richard Potz
8. Richard Potz
  1. 1. The State Guarantee of Church Property No access Richard Potz
  2. 2. State Payments and Reserve Rights No access Richard Potz
  3. 3. Church Contributions and Taxes No access Richard Potz
9. IX. Status of the Recognised Churches and Religious Societies in Taxation Law No access Richard Potz
10. Richard Potz
  1. 1. Religious Assistance in the Armed Forces No access Richard Potz
  2. 2. Religious Assistance in Institutions No access Richard Potz
11. Richard Potz
  1. 1. Special Procedural Status No access Richard Potz
  2. 2. Special Status in Military Law No access Richard Potz
12. Richard Potz
  1. 1. Religious Upbringing of Children No access Richard Potz
  2. 2. Church and State Matrimonial Law No access Richard Potz
13. XIII. Provisions in Criminal Law No access Richard Potz
Michal Rynkowski
1. I. Social Facts No access Michal Rynkowski
2. II. Historical Background No access Michal Rynkowski
3. III. Legal Sources No access Michal Rynkowski
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System No access Michal Rynkowski
5. V. Legal Status of Churches and Religious Communities No access Michal Rynkowski
6. VI. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Michal Rynkowski
7. VII. Churches and Culture No access Michal Rynkowski
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Michal Rynkowski
9. IX. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Michal Rynkowski
10. X. Finances of Religious Communities No access Michal Rynkowski
11. XI. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Michal Rynkowski
12. XII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Michal Rynkowski
13. XIII. Criminal Law and Religious Communities No access Michal Rynkowski
14. XIV. Major Developments and Trends No access Michal Rynkowski
Vitalino Canas
1. I. Social Facts No access Vitalino Canas
2. II. Historical Background No access Vitalino Canas
3. III. Legal Sources No access Vitalino Canas
4. Vitalino Canas
  1. 1. Basic pillars of the system No access Vitalino Canas
  2. 2. Basic normative pilars of the system No access Vitalino Canas
  3. 3. Basic institutional pillar of the system No access Vitalino Canas
  4. 4. Basic categories of churches and religious communities No access Vitalino Canas
5. Vitalino Canas
  1. 1. General considerations No access Vitalino Canas
  2. 2. Differentiation of Legal Status No access Vitalino Canas
6. VI. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Vitalino Canas
7. Vitalino Canas
  1. 1. Education No access Vitalino Canas
  2. 2. Culture No access Vitalino Canas
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Vitalino Canas
9. IX. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Vitalino Canas
10. X. Finances of Religious Communities No access Vitalino Canas
11. XI. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Vitalino Canas
12. XII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Vitalino Canas
13. XIV. Major Developments and Trends No access Vitalino Canas
Emanuel Tăvală
1. I. Social Facts No access Emanuel Tăvală
2. II. Historical Background No access Emanuel Tăvală
3. III. Legal Sources No access Emanuel Tăvală
4. IV. Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Emanuel Tăvală
5. V. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Emanuel Tăvală
6. Emanuel Tăvală
  1. 1. Religious education in public schools No access Emanuel Tăvală
  2. 2. Theological Education No access Emanuel Tăvală
7. VII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Emanuel Tăvală
8. VIII. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Emanuel Tăvală
9. IX. Finances of Religious Communities No access Emanuel Tăvală
10. X. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Emanuel Tăvală
11. XI. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Emanuel Tăvală
12. XII. Criminal Law and Religious Communities No access Emanuel Tăvală
13. XIII. Major Developments and Trends No access Emanuel Tăvală
Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
1. I. Social Facts No access Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
2. II. Historical Background No access Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
3. III. Legal Sources No access Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
4. Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
  1. 1. General Perspectives No access Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
  2. 2. Constitutional Review No access Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
5. V. Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
6. Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
  1. 1. Education No access Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
  2. 2. Media No access Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
7. VII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
8. VIII. Financing of the Religious Communities No access Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
9. IX. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
10. X. The Legal Status of Priests and Members of the Religious Orders No access Lovro Šturm, Blaž Ivanc
Michaela Moravčikova
1. I. Social Facts No access Michaela Moravčikova
2. Michaela Moravčikova
  1. 1. Early Times No access Michaela Moravčikova
  2. 2. In Hungarian kingdom and Habsburg monarchy No access Michaela Moravčikova
  3. 3. The Czechoslovak Republic and the Slovak Military State No access Michaela Moravčikova
  4. 4. Socialistic Czechoslovakia No access Michaela Moravčikova
  5. 5. Slovakia after the Fall of Communism No access Michaela Moravčikova
3. III. Legal Sources No access Michaela Moravčikova
4. IV. Bilateral Relations between the State and Churches and Religious Societies No access Michaela Moravčikova
5. V. Basic Categories of the System No access Michaela Moravčikova
6. VI. Legal Status of Religious Communities No access Michaela Moravčikova
7. VII. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Michaela Moravčikova
8. VIII. Culture No access Michaela Moravčikova
9. IX. Religious Education No access Michaela Moravčikova
10. X. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Michaela Moravčikova
11. XI. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Michaela Moravčikova
12. XII. Finances of Religious Communities No access Michaela Moravčikova
13. Michaela Moravčikova
  1. 1. Religious Assistance in the Armed Forces and Armed Units No access Michaela Moravčikova
  2. 2. Religious Assistance in the Hospitals No access Michaela Moravčikova
  3. 3. Religious Assistance in the Penitentiaries No access Michaela Moravčikova
  4. 4. Religious Assistance in the other Public Institutions No access Michaela Moravčikova
14. XIV. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Michaela Moravčikova
15. XV. Criminal Law and Religious Communities No access Michaela Moravčikova
16. XVI. Major Developments and Trends No access Michaela Moravčikova
Matti Kotiranta
1. I. Social Facts No access Matti Kotiranta
2. II. Historical Background No access Matti Kotiranta
3. Matti Kotiranta
  1. 1. Constitutional provisions – the freedom of religion No access Matti Kotiranta
  2. 2. Other Acts of Parliament concerning the State and Church relations No access Matti Kotiranta
4. IV. Basic Categories of the System – International Dimension No access Matti Kotiranta
5. V. Legal Status of Religious Bodies No access Matti Kotiranta
6. VI. Religious Communities within the Political System No access Matti Kotiranta
7. VII. Churches and Culture No access Matti Kotiranta
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Religious Communities No access Matti Kotiranta
9. IX. Legal Status of Clergy and Members of Religious Orders No access Matti Kotiranta
10. X. Finances of Religious Communities No access Matti Kotiranta
11. XI. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Matti Kotiranta
12. XII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Matti Kotiranta
13. XIII. Criminal Law and Religious Communities No access Matti Kotiranta
14. XV. Major Developments and Trends No access Matti Kotiranta
Lars Friedner
1. I. Social Facts No access Lars Friedner
2. II. Historical Background No access Lars Friedner
3. Lars Friedner
  1. 1. Legal Sources No access Lars Friedner
  2. 2. State-Church System No access Lars Friedner
4. IV. Legal Status of Religious Bodies No access Lars Friedner
5. V. Church and Culture No access Lars Friedner
6. VI. Labour Law No access Lars Friedner
7. VII. Matrimonial and Family Law No access Lars Friedner
8. VIII. Finances of the Churches No access Lars Friedner
9. IX. Religious Assistance in Public Institutions No access Lars Friedner
10. X. Criminal Law and Religion No access Lars Friedner
David McClean
1. I. Social Facts No access David McClean
2. II. Historical Background No access David McClean
3. III. Legal Sources No access David McClean
4. IV. Basic Features of the Church and State System No access David McClean
5. V. Legal Status of Religious Bodies No access David McClean
6. VI. Churches within the Political System No access David McClean
7. David McClean
  1. 1. Schools No access David McClean
  2. 2. Universities No access David McClean
  3. 3. The Media No access David McClean
8. VIII. Labour Law within the Churches No access David McClean
9. IX. Finances of the Churches No access David McClean
10. X. Religious Assistance to Public Institutions No access David McClean
11. XI. Matrimonial and Family Law No access David McClean
12. XII. Criminal Law and Religion No access David McClean
13. XIII. Legal Status of Clergy No access David McClean
14. XIV. Major Developments and Trends No access David McClean
Gerhard Robbers
1. I. Social and Historical Background No access Gerhard Robbers
2. II. Types of Systems No access Gerhard Robbers
3. Gerhard Robbers
  1. 1. Basic Structures No access Gerhard Robbers
  2. 2. The Legal Setting No access Gerhard Robbers
  3. 3. Culture No access Gerhard Robbers
  4. 4. Labour Law No access Gerhard Robbers