Data Governance Act

Louisa Specht; Moritz Hennemann

doi:10.5771/9783748944027

Summary

The Data Governance Act (DGA) creates a legal framework for the use and sharing of data in all sectors. The act aims at strengthening trust in existing and new actors enabling data use and data sharing. The new Article-by-Article Commentary This commentary combines systematic explanatory depth with the necessary practical relevance. The interaction between the DGA, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the future Data Act is explained in detail. The book will enable data intermediaries, data altruistic organisations and public bodies to offer their services in compliance with the legal requirements. The authors also anticipate potential legal uncertainties and offers interpretive guidance.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2024
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-7462-3
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-4402-7
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 558
Product type: Comment

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages I - XVIII
Moritz Hennemann, Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
1. A. Data governance and Data Governance Act No access
2. 1. I. Overall social potential of data use No access
  2. 1. 1. Data availability and barriers to data sharing No access
    2. 2. In particular: Data Governance Act No access
    3. 3. Regulatory fragmentation No access
    4. 4. Interim result No access
  3. 1. 1. Global competition and competition between legal systems No access
    2. 2. Societal dimension(s) No access
  4. IV. Interim result No access
3. 1. 1. 1. Data usability and data use No access
    2. 2. Market design No access
  2. 1. 1. Characteristics and principles No access
    2. 2. Individual European data spaces No access
  3. III. Rules for a ‘Single Market for Data’ No access
4. 1. 1. 1. Data economy No access
    2. 2. Data spaces No access
    3. 3. Corresponding legal acts No access
  2. II. Establishment of new actors No access
  3. 1. 1. Building confidence No access
    2. 2. Enabling (infra-)structures for data sharing No access
    3. 3. Altruistic disclosure No access
  4. IV. Fair conditions for access to Open Data No access
  5. V. Institutionalised advice No access
  6. VI. Data authorities No access
  7. VII. Partial framework for common European data spaces No access
5. 1. I. Legislative procedure No access
  2. II General provisions (Chapter 1) No access
  3. III. Re-use of certain categories of protected public sector data (Chapter 2) No access
  4. IV. Data intermediation services (Chapter 3) No access
  5. V. Data altruism (Chapter 4) No access
  6. VI Competent authorities and procedural provisions (Chapter 5) No access
  7. VII European Data Innovation Board (Chapter 6) No access
  8. VIII. International transfer (Chapter 7) No access
  9. IX. Delegation and committee procedure (Chapter 8) No access
  10. X. Final and transitional provisions (Chapter 9) No access
6. 1. 1. 1. Data Act No access
    2. 2. Free Flow of Data Regulation No access
    3. 3. Trade Secrets Directive No access
    4. 4. Open data law No access
    5. 5. Sector-specific law No access
  2. II. Data protection law No access
  3. III. Intellectual property law No access
  4. IV. Competition law No access
  5. V. Other areas of law No access
7. 1. 1. 1. Monitoring by data authorities No access
    2. 2. Complaint No access
    3. 3. Judicial remedy No access
    4. 4. Penalties No access
  2. 1. 1. Contract law No access
    2. 2. Unfair competition law No access
    3. 3. Other areas of law No access
8. 1. I. General No access
  2. II. Re-use of special categories of public sector data No access
  3. III. Data intermediation services No access
  4. IV. Data altruism No access
  5. V. International transfer No access
  6. VI. Competence and authority structure(s) No access
1. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. Art. 1(1)(b) No access
      2. 2. Art. 1(1)(d) No access
      3. 3. Art. 1(2) No access
      4. 4. Art. 1(3) No access
      5. 5. Art. 1(4) No access
      6. 6. Art. 1(5) No access
    2. 1. a) Conditions of re-use, within the Union, of data held by public sector bodies No access
        b) Notification and supervision of Data Intermediation Services No access
        c) Data altruism No access
        d) Data Innovation Board No access
      2. 2. No creation of any obligation to allow the re-use of data or release from confidentiality obligations (Art. 1(2)) No access
      3. 3. Relationship to other legal acts (Art. 1(3) and 1(4)) No access
      4. 4. Responsibilities of the Member States (Art 1(5)) No access
    3. III. Relationship to other legal acts No access
  2. 1. I. Conditions for the re-use of special categories of data held by public sector bodies (Art. 1(1)(a)) No access
    2. II. Notification and supervisory framework for the provision of data intermediation services (Art. 1(1)(b)) No access
    3. III. Framework for the voluntary registration of data altruism organisations (Art. 1(1)(c)) No access
    4. IV. Framework for the establishment of a European Data Innovation Council (Art. 1(1)(d)) No access
  3. 1. I. No obligation to allow the re-use of data No access
    2. II. Existing law on access and re-use No access
    3. III. Existing confidentiality obligations No access
    4. IV. Additional sector-specific requirements No access
  4. 1. I. Conflict between the DGA and other legislation No access
    2. II. Cooperation in the filling of opening clauses, undefined legal terms and balancing clauses No access
    3. III. Cases of conflict arising out of less stringent or completely different requirements No access
  5. E. Relationship to competition law (Art. 1(4)) No access
  6. F. Relationship to Member State powers in the area of public security, defence and national security (Art. 1(5)) No access
2. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. No. 1 No access
      2. 2. No. 2 No access
      3. 3. No. 3 No access
      4. 4. No. 4 No access
      5. 5. No. 5 No access
      6. 6. No. 6 No access
      7. 7. No. 7 No access
      8. 8. No. 8 No access
      9. 9. No. 9 No access
      10. 10. No. 10 No access
      11. 11. No. 11 No access
      12. 12. No. 12 No access
      13. 13. No. 13 No access
      14. 14. No. 14 No access
      15. 15. No. 15 No access
      16. 16. No. 16 No access
      17. 17. No. 17 No access
      18. 18. No. 18 No access
      19. 19. No. 19 No access
      20. 20. No. 20 No access
      21. 21. No. 21 No access
      22. 22. Omitted definitions No access
    2. II. Aim and purpose No access
    3. III. Relationship to other provisions No access
  2. 1. I. Syntactical representation of information No access
    2. II. Compilation No access
    3. III. Personal and non-personal data No access
  3. 1. I. Held by public sector bodies No access
    2. II. Produced for a public task No access
    3. III. Use No access
    4. IV. Primary purpose No access
    5. V. Secondary purpose No access
    6. VI. Natural or legal persons No access
  4. D. Personal data (No. 3) No access
  5. E. Non-personal data (No. 4) No access
  6. F. Consent (No. 5) No access
  7. G. Permission (No. 6) No access
  8. H. Data subject (No. 7) No access
  9. I. Data holder (No. 8) No access
  10. 1. I. Lawful access No access
    2. II. Natural or legal persons No access
    3. III. Data altruism organisations and intermediation services No access
    4. IV. Right to use personal data No access
    5. V. Authorisation to use non-personal data No access
  11. K. Data sharing (No. 10) No access
  12. 1. I. Inclusory limb No access
    2. II. Exclusion of value-adding services that do not establish commercial relationships (point (a)) No access
    3. III. Exclusion of intermediation of copyright-protected content (point (b)) No access
    4. IV. Exclusion of closed groups of data holders (point (c)) No access
    5. V. Exclusion of intermediation services offered by public sector bodies (point (d)) No access
  13. M. Processing (No. 12) No access
  14. N. Access (No. 13) No access
  15. O. Main establishment (No. 14) No access
  16. 1. I. Organisational structure with members No access
    2. II. Data subjects, one-person businesses and SMEs No access
    3. III. Membership No access
    4. 1. 1. Supporting its members No access
      2. 2. In the exercise of rights with respect to certain data No access
      3. 3. In making informed choices before they consent to data processing No access
      4. 4. Offering support in the exchange of opinions and different points of view No access
      5. 5. Supporting members In negotiating terms and conditions of data processing No access
  17. 1. I. Voluntary sharing of data No access
    2. II. Data subject and data holder No access
    3. III. On the basis of consent or permission No access
    4. IV. Without seeking or receiving a reward No access
    5. 1. 1. Health care No access
      2. 2. Combating climate change No access
      3. 3. Improving mobility No access
      4. 4. Facilitating the development, production and dissemination of official statistics No access
      5. 5. Scientific research in the general interest No access
    6. VI. Provided for under law of the member state No access
    7. VII. Relationship to data donation as understood in german law No access
  18. 1. I. The State No access
    2. II. Regional or local authorities No access
    3. III. Governed by public law No access
    4. 1. 1. Special purpose and other types of associations No access
      2. 2. Structure and legal capacity No access
      3. 3. Demarcation from regional or local authorities No access
    5. V. Exclusion of public undertakings within the meaning of No. 19 No access
  19. 1. 1. 1. Needs in the general interest No access
      2. 2. Establishment specifically for realisation No access
      3. 3. Commercial or industrial character No access
    2. II. Legal personality (point (b)) No access
    3. 1. 1. Public sector bodies No access
      2. 2. Predominant financing No access
      3. 3. Supervision of the management No access
      4. 4. Majority composition of the administrative, managerial or supervisory board No access
      5. 5. Examples No access
  20. 1. I. Undertaking No access
    2. 1. 1. Dominant influence No access
      2. 2. When holding the majority of the subscribed capital (point (a)) No access
      3. 3. When controlling the majority of votes (point (b)) No access
      4. 4. When it can appoint more than half of the undertaking’s administrative, management or supervisory body (point (c)) No access
  21. 1. 1. 1. Physical environment No access
      2. 2. Virtual environment No access
      3. 3. Organisational means No access
      4. 4. Technical means No access
    2. 1. 1. Entity No access
      2. 2. Provision of the processing environment No access
    3. 1. 1. Ensuring compliance with legal requirements No access
      2. 2. Examples of requirements of Union law No access
      3. 3. Other Union and national Law No access
    4. 1. a) Display No access
        b) Storage No access
        c) Download No access
        d) Export No access
        e) Calculate derived data using computational algorithms No access
      2. 2. Determination of processing actions No access
      3. 3. Supervision of processing operations No access
  22. 1. I. The Representative No access
    2. 1. 1. Explicit (rather than implicit) designation No access
      2. 2. The designator No access
      3. 3. Acting on behalf of the designator No access
    3. 1. 1. Competent authorities No access
      2. 2. Contact point, including for infringements of the DGA No access
1. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. Art. 3(1) No access
      2. 2. Art. 3(2) No access
      3. 3. Art. 3(3) No access
    2. 1. 1. Re-use of special categories of data No access
      2. 2. Limited scope of application, Art. 3 No access
    3. III. Relationship to other provisions (internal and external systematics) No access
  2. 1. I. Public sector bodies covered by chapter two No access
    2. 1. a) Commercial confidentiality No access
        b) Business and company secrets No access
        c) Professional secrets No access
        d) Risk of revocation of status as a trade secret No access
      2. 2. Statistical confidentiality (point (b)) No access
      3. a) Copyright protection No access
        b) Protection under patent law No access
      4. 4. Protection of personal data (point (d)) No access
  3. 1. I. Data held by public undertakings (point (a)) No access
    2. 1. 1. Public service broadcasters and subsidiaries No access
      2. 2. Other agencies and branches No access
      3. 3. Data held by public broadcasters for the purpose of carrying out a broadcasting task No access
    3. III. Data held by cultural and educational establishments (point (c)) No access
    4. IV. Data protected for reasons of public security, national defence or national security held by public sector bodies (point (d)) No access
    5. 1. 1. Public task No access
      2. 2. Binding legal or other determination by the member states No access
      3. 3. Determination by general administrative practice No access
      4. 4. Transparency and regular review of the public task No access
      5. 5. Supply outside the public task No access
  4. 1. I. Existing law on the protection of certain categories of data No access
    2. II. Right of access to documents No access
2. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. Art. 4(1) No access
      2. 2. Art. 4(2) No access
      3. 3. Art. 4(3) No access
      4. 4. Art. 4(4) No access
      5. 5. Art. 4(5) No access
      6. 6. Art. 4(6) No access
      7. 7. Unimplemented Proposal for an Art. 4(7a) No access
    2. 1. 1. Protection against harmful effects on competition No access
      2. 2. Exceptions allowing exclusive arrangements No access
      3. 3. Third party protection No access
      4. 4. Preservation of confidence in existing agreements No access
    3. III. Relationship to other provisions No access
  2. 1. I. Addressees No access
    2. II. Data held by public sector bodies: data as defined in Art. 3(1) No access
    3. 1. 1. Re-use No access
      2. 2. Agreements No access
      3. 3. Other practices No access
      4. a) Granting of exclusive rights No access
        b) Effecting exclusive rights No access
      5. 5. Exclusive right as the ‘objective’ of contracts and other practices No access
    4. 1. 1. Ineffectiveness or nullity No access
      2. 2. Invalidity due to violation of statutory prohibition within the meaning of § 134 of the German Civil Code No access
      3. 3. Nullity of administrative acts and subordinative contracts No access
      4. 4. Scope of the prohibitory effect No access
  3. 1. I. Granting of exclusive rights of further use No access
    2. 1. 1. Supply of services No access
      2. 2. Supply of products No access
      3. 3. General interest No access
      4. 4. Supply of services and products in the general interest No access
      5. 5. Impossibility of supplying the service or product without the exclusive right of further use No access
    3. III Necessity No access
    4. IV. Evidence and verification No access
    5. V. Legal consequence No access
  4. 1. I. Granting of an exclusive right of re-use No access
    2. 1. 1. Administrative act No access
      2. 2. Contract No access
    3. III. Compliance with applicable law, in particular state aid and public procurement law No access
    4. 1. 1. Principles of transparency, equal treatment and non-discrimination in Union law No access
      2. 2. Transparent award procedure No access
      3. 3. Equal treatment and non-discrimination No access
      4. 4. Genuine effectiveness requirements No access
    5. V. Legal consequences No access
  5. 1. I. Duration of the exclusive right of further use No access
    2. II. Duration of contracts No access
    3. III Legal consequence and extension No access
  6. 1. I. Making available to the public or publication No access
    2. II. Content No access
    3. 1. 1. Making available to the public on the internet No access
      2. 2. Directly, gratuitously, without restriction and in full No access
    4. IV. Other requirements and publication obligations No access
    5. V. Legal consequences No access
  7. G. Transitional provision (Art. 4(6)) No access
  8. H. Monitoring and enforcement No access
3. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. Art. 5(1) No access
      2. 2. Art. 5(2) No access
      3. 3. Art. 5(3) No access
      4. 4. Art. 5(4) No access
      5. 5. Art. 5(5) No access
      6. 6. Art. 5(6) No access
      7. 7. Art. 5(7) No access
      8. 8. Art. 5(8) No access
      9. 9. Art. 5(9) No access
      10. 10. Art. 5(10) No access
      11. 11. Art. 5(11) No access
      12. 12. Art. 5(12) No access
      13. 13. Art. 5(13) No access
      14. 14. Art. 5(14) No access
    2. 1. 1. Equipping public sector bodies with the resources necessary to grant access to data No access
      2. 2. Promoting the re-use of public sector data No access
      3. 3. Establishment of Sufficient Safeguards No access
      4. 4. Standardisation of a legal basis for further legal acts No access
    3. III. Relationship to other legal provisions No access
  2. 1. I. Re-use No access
    2. 1. 1. Need for a standard on jurisdiction No access
      2. 2. Examples of national data access claims from German Law No access
      3. 3. Provision of resources No access
    3. III. Public access via single information points No access
  3. 1. I. Freedom from discrimination No access
    2. II. Transparency No access
    3. III Proportionality No access
    4. IV. Objective justification No access
    5. V. No hindrance of competition No access
    6. VI. Legal nature of the decision on the re-use of data No access
  4. 1. I. Anonymisation, aggregation or treatment (point (a)) No access
    2. II. Remote access via secure processing environment (point (b)) No access
    3. III. Access with high security standards within physical premises (point (c)) No access
  5. E. Further requirements for re-use (Art. 5(4)) No access
  6. 1. I. Confidentiality Obligations (sent. 1) No access
    2. II. Prohibition of re-identification of data subjects (sent. 2) No access
    3. III. Information in the event of unauthorised re-use (sent. 3) No access
  7. G. Assistance in obtaining consent and permission (Art. 5(6)) No access
  8. H. Respect for intellectual property rights (Art. 5(7)) No access
  9. I. Maintaining the protection of commercial and statistical confidentiality (Art. 5(8)) No access
  10. 1. I. Data transfer to third countries No access
    2. 1. 1. Information of the public sector body (sent. 1) No access
      2. 2. Information of legal persons (sent. 2) No access
      3. 3. Information on intention, purpose and appropriate safeguards No access
      4. 4. Support from the public sector body No access
    3. III. Restriction of re-use by the public sector body (sent. 3) No access
  11. K. Conditions for transfer to third countries (Art. 5(10)) No access
  12. 1. I. Support from public sector bodies (sent. 1) No access
    2. II. Model contract clauses (subpara. 2) No access
  13. 1. I. Systematics No access
    2. II. Content of the implementing decision No access
  14. 1. I. Highly sensitive data (subpara. 1 sent. 1) No access
    2. II. Special conditions for transfer to third countries (subpara. 1 sent. 2) No access
  15. O. Obligations of re-users in case of transfer to third countries (Art. 5(14)) No access
4. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. Art. 6(2) No access
      2. 2. Art. 6(4) No access
      3. 3. Art. 6(5) No access
      4. 4. Art. 6(6) No access
    2. II. Aim and purpose No access
    3. III. Relationship to other provisions No access
  2. B. Admissibility of the charging of fees (Art. 6(1)) No access
  3. C. Transparency, non-discrimination, proportionality and objective justification (Art. 6(2)) No access
  4. 1. I. Widely available payment services No access
    2. II. Online payment No access
    3. III. Cross-border payment without discrimination No access
  5. 1. I. Purposes that qualify No access
    2. II. Measures intended to incentivise No access
    3. III. In accordance with state aid rules No access
    4. IV. Obligation to be transparent No access
  6. F. Composition of the fees (Art. 6(5)) No access
  7. G. Publication and transparency (Art. 6(6)) No access
5. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. Art. 7(1) No access
      2. 2. Art. 7(2) No access
      3. 3. Art. 7(3) No access
      4. 4. Art. 7(4) No access
      5. 5. Art. 7(5) No access
    2. II. Aim and Purpose No access
    3. III. Relationship to other provisions No access
  2. B. Designation of competent bodies to assist public sector bodies (Art. 7(1)) No access
  3. C. Powers of the competent bodies (Art. 7(2)) No access
  4. D. Resources and competences of the competent bodies (Art. 7(3)) No access
  5. 1. I. Technical support for the processing environment (point (a)) No access
    2. II. Advice and technical support for structuring and storage (point (b)) No access
    3. III. Technical support for the implementation of safeguards (point (c)) No access
    4. IV. Support in obtaining consent or permission (point (d)) No access
    5. V. Support for commitments within the meaning of Art. 5(10) (point (e)) No access
  6. F. Notification of the competent body to the commission (Art. 7(5)) No access
6. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. Art. 8(1) No access
      2. 2. Art. 8(2) No access
      3. 3. Art. 8(3) No access
      4. 4. Art. 8(4) No access
    2. II. Aim and purpose No access
    3. III. Relationship to other provisions No access
  2. 1. I. Single information point No access
    2. 1. 1. Relevant information No access
      2. 2. Available and easily accessible No access
    3. 1. 1. Establishment of new bodies or designation of existing bodies No access
      2. 2. Linking with sectoral, regional or local information points No access
      3. a) Functions of the single information point No access
        b) Automation No access
        c) Adequate support of the public sector body No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Enquiry and request for re-use No access
      2. 2. Receipt No access
      3. a) Transmission No access
        b) Competent bodies No access
        c) Automation No access
    2. 1. 1. Asset list No access
      2. 2. Indication of sectoral, regional or locally available data resources No access
      3. 3. Relevant information No access
      4. 4. Electronic provision and searchability No access
  4. 1. I. Information channel for SMEs and start-ups No access
    2. II. Consideration of needs and capacities No access
  5. E. European single access point (Art. 8(4)) No access
7. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. Art. 9(1) No access
      2. 2. Art. 9(2) No access
    2. II. Aim and purpose No access
    3. III. Relationship to other provisions No access
  2. 1. I. Two-month period No access
    2. II. Content of the decision and further procedural requirements No access
    3. 1. 1. Exceptionally complex and extensive applications No access
      2. 2. Scope of the extension No access
      3. a) Timing of the notification (‘as soon as possible’) No access
        b) Content of the communication (‘more time’ and reasons) No access
  3. 1. I. Directly affected No access
    2. II. Content of the claim and opposing party No access
    3. III. Effectiveness No access
    4. IV. Legal consequence No access
    5. 1. 1. Impartial body with appropriate expertise No access
      2. 2. Binding decision No access
      3. 3. Further methods of seeking redress No access
1. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. Point (a) No access
      2. 2. Point (b) No access
      3. 3. Point (c) No access
      4. 4. Deletion of Art. 10(2) and amendments that were not adopted No access
    2. 1. 1. The anticipated role of data intermediation services in the European Data Economy No access
      2. a) PIMS No access
        b) Data cooperatives No access
    3. III. Relationship to other legal provisions No access
  2. 1. I. Data intermediation services within the meaning of Art. 2 no. 11 No access
    2. II. Between data holders and potential data users No access
    3. III. Provision of technical and other means as a prerequisite for intermediation services No access
    4. IV. Enabling bilateral or multilateral exchange of data No access
    5. V. Establishment of platforms or databases for the exchange or sharing of data No access
    6. VI. Special infrastructures for the interconnection of data holders and data users No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Data subjects that seek to make ‘their’ personal data available No access
      2. 2. Natural persons that seek to make non-personal data available No access
      3. 3. Potential data users No access
    2. II. Exercise of data subject rights under the GDPR No access
    3. III. Provision of technical and other means as a prerequisite for intermediation services No access
  4. D. Data cooperatives (point (c)) No access
2. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. Art. 11(1) No access
      2. 2. Art. 11(2) No access
      3. 3. Art. 11(3) No access
      4. 4. Art. 11(4) No access
      5. 5. Art. 11(5), (6) No access
      6. 6. Art. 11(7) No access
      7. 7. Art. 11(8) No access
      8. 8. Art. 11(9) No access
      9. 9. Art. 11(10) No access
      10. 10. Art. 11(11) No access
      11. 11. Art. 11(12) No access
      12. 12. Art. 11(13) No access
      13. 13. Art. 11(14) No access
    2. II. Aim and purpose No access
    3. III. Relationship to other provisions No access
  2. B. Obligation to register (Art. 11(1)) No access
  3. C. Jurisdiction of the Member State of notification (Art. 11(2)) No access
  4. D. Appointment of a legal representative (Art. 11(3)) No access
  5. E. Authorisation to provide data intermediation services upon and after notification (Art. 11(4) and (5)) No access
  6. 1. I. Name of the data intermediation service provider (point (a)) No access
    2. 1. 1. Legal status No access
      2. 2. Legal form No access
      3. 3. Ownership structure and subsidiaries No access
      4. 4. Registration number used in public national registers No access
    3. III. Address of the main establishment, secondary branches or of the legal representative (point (c)) No access
    4. 1. 1. Obligation to establish a website or to make appropriate changes to an existing website No access
      2. 2. Formal requirements No access
      3. 3. Content requirements No access
    5. V. Contact persons and contact details (point (e)) No access
    6. VI. Description of the service and category (point (f)) No access
    7. VII. Commencement of the Activity (point (g)) No access
  7. 1. I. Non-discrimination No access
    2. II. No distortion of competition No access
  8. H. Confirmation of duly and fully completed notification (Art. 11(8)) No access
  9. I. Voluntary certification as a recognised provider of data intermediation services (Art. 11(9)) No access
  10. J. The commission’s public register (Art. 11(10)) No access
  11. K. Charging of fees (Art. 11(11)) No access
  12. L. Notification and reporting of changes (Art. 11(12), (13), (14)) No access
  13. 1. I. Penalties pursuant to Art. 34(1) in conjunction with Member State Law No access
    2. II. Regulatory supervision (Art. 14) No access
    3. III. Private enforcement according to §§ 8 et seqq. of the German Act against Unfair Competition No access
  14. N. Respect for competition law No access
3. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. Art. 12 point (a) No access
      2. 2. Art. 12 point (b) No access
      3. 3. Art. 12 point (c) No access
      4. 4. Art. 12 point (d) No access
      5. 5. Art. 12 point (e) No access
      6. 6. Art. 12 point (f) No access
      7. 7. Art. 12 point (g) No access
      8. 8. Art. 12 point (h) No access
      9. 9. Art. 12 point (i) No access
      10. 10. Art. 12 point (j) No access
      11. 11. Art. 12 point (k) No access
      12. 12. Art. 12 point (l) No access
      13. 13. Art. 12 point (m) No access
      14. 14. Art. 12 point (n) No access
      15. 15. Art. 12 point (o) No access
    2. II. Aim and purpose No access
    3. III. Relationship to other provisions No access
  2. 1. I. Data intermediation services No access
    2. II. Inhibiting effect on the development of data intermediation services No access
    3. III. Relationship to data protection law No access
  3. 1. I. Processing prohibition and narrow purpose limitation No access
    2. II. Prohibition of vertical integration No access
    3. III. No further obligation of neutrality No access
  4. 1. I. Prohibition of discrimination No access
    2. II. Related entities No access
  5. 1. I. Data processing for the purpose of developing the data intermediation service No access
    2. II. Data collected No access
    3. 1. 1. Facts giving rise to permission, duty to disclose, entitlement to access data No access
      2. 2. Authorised person No access
      3. 3. The method of accessing the data No access
      4. 4. Requirements for the request No access
    4. IV. Data processing outside the scope of Art. 12 No access
  6. 1. 1. 1. Enhancing interoperability No access
      2. 2. Request of the user No access
      3. 3. Conversion of data prescribed by Union Law No access
      4. 4. Harmonisation with international or European Data Standards No access
    2. II. Opt-out possibilities for data subjects and data holders No access
  7. 1. I. Additional specific tools and services No access
    2. II. Improved exchange of data No access
    3. III. Other additional tools and services No access
    4. IV. Third-party tools and limitation to a specific purpose No access
    5. 1. 1. Request No access
      2. 2. Approval No access
  8. 1. I. Non-discriminatory access No access
    2. II. Fairness No access
    3. III. Transparency No access
  9. I. Precautions against deception and abusive practices (Art. 12 point (g)) No access
  10. 1. I. Reasonable continuity of the data intermediation service No access
    2. 1. 1. Enabling access No access
      2. 2. Enabling the transfer of data No access
      3. 3. Enabling retrieval No access
      4. 4. Exercise of rights in the case of PIMS No access
  11. K. Interoperability (Art. 12 point (i)) No access
  12. L. Adequate processing conditions for data security of non-personal data (Art. 12 point (j)) No access
  13. M. Information of the data holders (Art. 12 point (k)) No access
  14. 1. I. Appropriate level of security for non-personal data No access
    2. II. Highest level of security for competitively sensitive information No access
    3. III. Necessity of the measures No access
    4. IV. Level of security for personal data No access
  15. 1. I. Providers of data intermediation services to data subjects that are subject to data protection law No access
    2. 1. 1. Rights of data subjects No access
      2. 2. Facilitating the exercise of data subjects’ rights No access
      3. 3. Exercise of data subjects’ rights by the providers of the intermediation services No access
    3. 1. 1. Duty to inform No access
      2. 2. Duty to advise No access
      3. 3. Timing and form of the provision of information and advice No access
  16. P. Specification of third-country jurisdiction (Art. 12 point (n)) No access
  17. Q. Protocol (Art. 12 point (o)) No access
  18. 1. I. Supervision and penalties No access
    2. 1. 1. Enforcement by the users of the intermediation services No access
      2. 2. Enforcement by competitors and third parties No access
4. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. I. Legislative development No access
    2. II. Art. 13(1) No access
    3. III. Art. 13(2) No access
    4. IV. Art. 13(3) No access
    5. V. Aim and purpose No access
    6. VI. Relationship to other provisions No access
  2. 1. I. Designation of competent authorities by Member States No access
    2. II. Performance of tasks related to the notification procedure for data intermediation services No access
    3. III. Performance of the tasks related to the supervisory and monitoring activities No access
  3. 1. I. Legal distinct and functional independence No access
    2. II. Requirements for the performance of tasks No access
    3. III. Independence of management and personnel No access
    4. IV. Equipment of the authorities No access
  4. D. Cooperation and collaboration (Art. 13(3)) No access
5. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. 1. 1. Art. 14(1) No access
      2. 2. Art. 14(2) No access
      3. 3. Art. 14(3) No access
      4. 4. Art. 14(4) No access
      5. 5. Art. 14(5) No access
      6. 6. Art. 14(6) No access
      7. 7. Art. 14(7) No access
    2. II. Aim and purpose No access
    3. III. Relationship to other provisions No access
  2. 1. I. Competent authority No access
    2. II. Monitoring and supervision at the competent authorities’ initiative No access
    3. III. Monitoring and supervision upon request No access
  3. 1. I. Parties from whom information may be demanded No access
    2. II. Request for information No access
    3. III. Provision of the information No access
    4. IV. Limitation of the right to information No access
  4. 1. I. Determination and notification No access
    2. II. Timeframe for response No access
  5. 1. 1. a) Demand No access
        b) Time limit No access
      2. 2. Taking appropriate and proportionate measures No access
    2. 1. 1. Ratio of financial penalties, fines and periodic penalties in general No access
      2. a) Imposition of periodic penalties No access
        b) Imposition of dissuasive financial penalties No access
      3. 3. Initiation of legal proceedings for the imposition of fines No access
      4. 4. Quantum No access
    3. 1. 1. Postponement of the commencement or suspension of the provision No access
      2. 2. Duration and review No access
    4. 1. 1. Provision of a data intermediation service No access
      2. a) Repeated infringement No access
        b) Serious infringement No access
        c) Prior notification No access
    5. V. Removal from the commission’s register (Art. 14(4) subpara. 1 sent. 3) No access
    6. 1. 1. Notification by the provider of the rectification of the infringement No access
      2. 2. Notification of the commission by the competent authority No access
  6. F. Temporary termination of activity of providers without a designated legal representative (Art. 14(5)) No access
  7. 1. I. Duty to inform and advise No access
    2. II. Time limit No access
  8. H. Administrative cooperation (Art. 14(7)) No access
  9. 1. I. Application to the supervisory authority No access
    2. II. Enforcement of the rights of users of the service No access
    3. III. Enforcement by Third Parties No access
6. Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider
  1. 1. I. Legislative development No access
    2. II. Aim and purpose No access
    3. III. Relationship to other legal provisions No access
  2. B. Scope of application of the provisions of Chapter 3 No access
  3. 1. I. Recognised data altruism organisations No access
    2. II. Other not-for-profit entities No access
    3. III. No establishment of commercial relationships No access
  4. D. Limited effect No access
1. Moritz Hennemann
  1. A. Introduction No access
  2. 1. I. General No access
    2. II. Terminology No access
    3. III. Objectives of general interest No access
    4. IV. Systematic overview of the Art. 16–25 No access
    5. V. Target and incentives No access
    6. VI. Evaluation and criticism No access
  3. C. Rationale of the opening clause No access
  4. 1. I. Determination of objectives of general interest No access
    2. II. Further requirements for national regulations No access
  5. 1. I. Objective(s) of national strategies (sent. 2 and 3) No access
    2. II. Notification obligation (sent. 4) No access
2. Moritz Hennemann
  1. A. Introduction No access
  2. 1. I. National registers No access
    2. II. Obligation to update No access
    3. III. Extent No access
  3. C. Public Union register (para. 2) No access
  4. 1. I. Common logo No access
    2. II. Additional requirements? No access
  5. E. Violations, sanctions and legal consequences No access
3. Moritz Hennemann
  1. 1. I. Genesis No access
    2. II. Interplay with national rules No access
  2. 1. I. Entity No access
    2. II. Establishment or representative within the EU No access
  3. 1. I. Data altruism activities (lit. a) No access
    2. 1. 1. Legal personality No access
      2. 2. Foreign (company) legal forms No access
    3. III. Not-for-profit (lit. c) No access
    4. IV. Legal independence (lit. c) No access
    5. V. Functional separation (lit. d) No access
    6. VI. Requirements of Art. 22 para. 1 (lit. e) No access
  4. D. Further safeguards No access
  5. E. Deletion No access
  6. F. Exchange of information for registration No access
  7. G. Sanctions No access
4. Moritz Hennemann
  1. A. Introduction No access
  2. 1. I. Establishment in a Member State (para. 1) No access
    2. II. Establishment in several Member States (para. 2) No access
    3. 1. 1. Name (lit. a) No access
      2. 2. Legal status, legal form, registration number (lit. b) No access
      3. 3. Statutes of the entity (lit. c) No access
      4. 4. Sources of income (lit. d) No access
      5. 5. (Main) establishment(s) (lit. e) No access
      6. 6. Public website (lit. f) No access
      7. 7. Contact details (lit. g) No access
      8. 8. Objectives pursued (lit. h) No access
      9. 9. Nature and categories of processed data (lit. i) No access
      10. 10. Other documents (lit. j) No access
  3. 1. I. Procedure (para. 5 subpara. 1) No access
    2. II. Notification of the Commission and the Union Register (para. 5 subpara. 2) No access
    3. III. Content of publication (para. 6) No access
  4. D. Changes to information (para. 7) No access
  5. 1. I. Registration No access
    2. 1. 1. Scope of the designation obligation No access
      2. 2. Duties of the legal representative No access
      3. 3. (No) other legal consequences of the designation No access
  6. F. Enforcement No access
5. Moritz Hennemann
  1. 1. I. Genesis No access
    2. II. Interplay with other provisions No access
  2. B. Objective No access
  3. 1. I. Completeness and accuracy No access
    2. II. Persons (lit. a) No access
    3. III. Date or duration (lit. b) No access
    4. IV. Purpose of the processing (lit. c) No access
    5. V. Fees (lit. d) No access
  4. 1. I. Form and timeframe No access
    2. II. Activities (lit. a) No access
    3. III. Objectives and promotion of objectives (lit. b and lit. c) No access
    4. IV. Persons (lit. c) No access
    5. V. Technical means (lit. c) No access
    6. VI. Summary of the results (lit. d) No access
    7. VII. Sources of revenue (lit. e) No access
  5. E. Enforcement No access
6. Moritz Hennemann
  1. 1. I. Genesis No access
    2. II. Interplay with other rules No access
  2. 1. 1. 1. General aspects No access
      2. 2. Consent No access
      3. 3. Scientific and historical research purposes as well as statistical purposes within the meaning of Art. 89 GDPR No access
      4. 4. Vital interests No access
      5. 5. Legitimate interest No access
      6. 6. No delegation of tasks No access
    2. II. Further processing No access
    3. III. Other duties No access
    4. IV. Liability and standard of liability No access
  3. 1. I. (Legal) basis for the processing of non-personal data No access
    2. II. Liability and parameters of liability No access
    3. III. Applicable law No access
  4. 1. I. Determination of misleading marketing practices No access
    2. II. Legal consequences of a violation No access
  5. 1. I. General aspects and critique No access
    2. 1. 1. Date and form of the provision of information No access
      2. 2. Clear and easily comprehensible manner No access
      3. 3. Language No access
      4. 4. Right to information No access
      5. 5. Consequences of a failure to provide information No access
    3. 1. 1. Aims and purposes (lit. a) No access
      2. 2. Location and objectives (lit. b) No access
  6. 1. I. Tools No access
    2. II. Legal consequences of a violation No access
  7. 1. I. Extent No access
    2. II. Legal consequences of a violation No access
  8. 1. I. (EU) Third country No access
    2. II. Right to information No access
    3. III. Timing No access
    4. IV. Consequences of failure to provide information No access
  9. 1. I. Safeguards No access
    2. II. Legal consequences of a violation No access
  10. J. Informing the data holder (para. 5) No access
  11. K. Enforcement No access
7. Moritz Hennemann
  1. A. Introduction No access
  2. B. Objective and critique No access
  3. 1. I. Adequate information requirements (lit. a) No access
    2. II. Appropriate technical and security requirements (lit. b) No access
    3. III. Communication roadmaps (lit. c) No access
    4. IV. Recommendations on interoperability standards (lit. d) No access
  4. D. Enforcement No access
8. Moritz Hennemann
  1. 1. I. Genesis No access
    2. II. Interplay with other rules No access
  2. B. (Future) Data altruism authority structure No access
  3. C. Competent authorities for data altruism organisations (para. 1) No access
  4. D. Requirements (para. 1 subpara. 2) No access
  5. E. Notification obligation (para. 2) No access
  6. F. Cooperation (para. 3) No access
9. Moritz Hennemann
  1. A. Introduction No access
  2. B. Task of monitoring and supervision (para. 1) No access
  3. 1. I. Power No access
    2. II. Formal requirements No access
    3. III. Material requirements No access
  4. 1. I. Notification by the authority No access
    2. II. Statement of the data altruistic organisation No access
  5. 1. I. Interplay with para. 3 No access
    2. II. Termination (para. 4 1st case) No access
    3. III. Further measures (para. 4 2nd case) No access
    4. 1. 1. Decision by the authority No access
      2. 2. Interplay with the decision pursuant to para. 5 subpara. 1 lit. b No access
      3. 3. Subsequent termination of the infringement No access
    5. V. Publication of the order pursuant to para. 5 subpara. 1 lit. a (Para. 5 subpara. 2) No access
    6. 1. 1. Decision by the authority No access
      2. 2. Binding decision or discretionary decision? No access
      3. 3. Notification of the deletion to the Commission No access
  6. 1. I. Cross-border situations No access
    2. II. Request for assistance (subpara. 1) No access
    3. III. Restriction of use (Subpara. 2) No access
  7. G. Exchange of information for monitoring No access
  8. H. Enforcement No access
10. Moritz Hennemann
  1. 1. I. Genesis No access
    2. II. Interplay with other rules No access
  2. 1. 1. 1. Objective No access
      2. 2. Obligation to use? No access
      3. 3. Data law and data protection law consequences of not using the form No access
      4. 4. Data law and data protection law consequences of using of the form No access
      5. 5. Use in the context of data licensing agreements No access
      6. a) Consent under data protection law No access
        b) Permission under data law No access
        c) Data licence agreements No access
    2. 1. 1. Addressee of the regulation No access
      2. 2. Easy to understand (para. 4 1st case) No access
      3. 3. Electronic and machine-readable form (par. 4 3rd case) No access
      4. 4. Print option (para. 4 2nd case) No access
      5. 5. Further specifications No access
    3. III. Modular structure (para. 2) No access
    4. 1. 1. Permission concerning non-personal data No access
      2. 2. Consent concerning personal data (para. 3) No access
      3. 3. Withdrawal of consent (para. 3) No access
  3. 1. I. Procedure according to Art. 33(2) No access
    2. II. Consultation No access
1. Moritz Hennemann
  1. 1. I. Genesis No access
    2. II. Interplay with other rules No access
  2. B. (Future) Structure of the data authorities No access
  3. C. Authority structure and allocation of tasks (para. 1 sent. 2 and 3) No access
  4. 1. I. Legal separation No access
    2. II. Functional independence No access
  5. 1. I. Personal incompatibility (para. 3) No access
    2. II. Prohibition of involvement (para. 4) No access
  6. 1. I. Impartiality No access
    2. II. Transparency and consistency No access
    3. III. Timeliness No access
    4. IV. Fair competition and non-discrimination No access
  7. G. Financial and human resources (para. 5) No access
  8. 1. I. Provision of information (para. 6 sent. 1) No access
    2. II. Trade and business secrets (para. 6 sent. 2) No access
2. 1. 1. I. Genesis No access
    2. II. Interplay with other rules No access
  2. 1. I. Requirements for a complaint No access
    2. II. Procedure No access
  3. 1. I. Status of proceedings and decision (lit. a) No access
    2. II. Judicial remedy (lit. b) No access
3. Moritz Hennemann
  1. 1. I. Genesis No access
    2. II. Interplay with other rules No access
  2. 1. I. Legally binding decisions No access
    2. II. Affectedness No access
    3. III. Types of action No access
  3. C. Jurisdiction (para. 2) No access
  4. D. Failure to act by the competent authorities (para. 3) No access
1. Moritz Hennemann
  1. A. Introduction No access
  2. B. The European Data Innovation Board No access
  3. 1. I. Members (para. 1 sent. 1) No access
    2. II. Diversity (para. 1 sent. 2) No access
  4. D. Mode of operation No access
  5. E. Chair (para. 3) No access
  6. F. Secretariat (para. 4) No access
  7. 1. I. DGA authorities (lit. a) No access
    2. II. Standardisation, portability, and interoperability (lit. b) No access
    3. III. Stakeholders (lit. c) No access
2. Moritz Hennemann
  1. A. Introduction No access
  2. B. Overview No access
  3. 1. I. Re-use of data categories according to Art. 3 (lit. a and lit. i) No access
    2. II. Data altruism and European data altruism consent form according to Art. 25 (lit. b and lit. l) No access
    3. III. Requirements for data intermediation services and data altruism organisations (lit. c) No access
    4. IV. Trade secrets and intellectual property in the case of non-personal data (lit. d) No access
    5. V. Cybersecurity requirements (lit. e) No access
    6. VI. Standards and standardisation (lit. f) No access
    7. VII. Interoperability (lit. g) No access
    8. 1. 1. General No access
      2. 2. Individual European data spaces No access
    9. IX. Cooperation between authorities (lit. j) No access
    10. X. Implementing acts pursuant to Art. 5(10) and (11) (lit. k) No access
    11. XI. International regulatory environment for non-personal data (lit. m) No access
  4. D. Other forms of cooperation No access
1. Moritz Hennemann
  1. 1. I. Genesis No access
    2. II. Interplay with other rules No access
  2. 1. I. The general setting No access
    2. II. Functions of transfer and access regulations No access
    3. 1. 1. Hard and soft data localisation No access
      2. 2. Innovation and industry No access
      3. 3. ‘Competition’ between data law regimes No access
  3. 1. I. Principles No access
    2. II. Personal scope of application No access
    3. 1. 1. Access by public authorities (2nd case) No access
      2. 2. International transfer (1st case) No access
    4. IV. In conflict with Union and/or national law No access
    5. 1. 1. Reasonableness No access
      2. 2. Legal, in particular contractual measures No access
      3. 3. Technical measures No access
      4. 4. Organisational measures No access
  4. 1. I. Data transfer in the context of international agreements (para. 2) No access
    2. 1. 1. Parameters for judicial decisions (lit. a) No access
      2. 2. Right to be heard (lit. b) No access
      3. 3. Consideration of interests (lit. c) No access
    3. III. Transfer of the minimum amount of data (para. 4) No access
    4. IV. Informing the data holder (para. 5) No access
  5. E. Enforcement No access
1. Moritz Hennemann
  1. A. Introduction No access
  2. B. General conditions of the delegations of power No access
  3. 1. I. Transfer for an indeterminate period of time (para. 2) No access
    2. II. Revocation (para. 3) No access
    3. III. Entry into force (para. 6) No access
2. Moritz Hennemann
  1. A. Introduction No access
  2. B. Committee No access
  3. C. Committee procedure No access
1. Moritz Hennemann
  1. 1. I. Genesis No access
    2. II. Interplay with other rules No access
  2. B. Public enforcement No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Transfer of non-personal data to third countries No access
      2. 2. Duty to notify No access
      3. 3. Provision of data intermediation services No access
      4. 4. Registration as a data altruism organisation No access
    2. II. General standard for penalty provisions (para. 1 sent. 2) No access
    3. III. Recommendations of the European Data Innovation Board (para. 1 sent. 3) No access
    4. IV. Notification obligation (para. 1 sent. 4) No access
  4. 1. I. Nature, gravity, scale and duration of the infringement (lit. a) No access
    2. II. Mitigation and remedial actions (para. 2 lit. b) No access
    3. III. Previous infringements (lit. c) No access
    4. IV. Infringement-related financial benefits (lit. d) No access
    5. V. Other aggravating or mitigating factors (lit. e) No access
2. Moritz Hennemann
  1. A. Introduction No access
  2. B. Objective No access
  3. C. Evaluation and report No access
3. Article 36 Amendment to Regulation (EU) 2018/1724 No access Pages 544 - 545 Moritz Hennemann
4. Article 37 Transitional arrangements No access Pages 545 - 546 Moritz Hennemann
5. Moritz Hennemann
  1. A. General No access
  2. B. Intertemporal law and transitional regime No access
Index No access Pages 547 - 558