Social Policy Goals in the Interpretation of Article 81 EC

Dr. Constanze Semmelmann

doi:10.5771/9783845210797

Summary

In diesem Buch wird ein klassisches Rechtsproblem in seinen politischen, sozialen und ökonomischen Kontext gesetzt. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Suche nach einer Lösung, die wettbewerbliche und sozialpolitische Ziele im Rahmen des Artikel 81 EG in Einklang bringt und zwei Voraussetzungen erfüllt: Zum einen sollte sie mit dem EG-Vertrag als Ganzem vereinbar sein, zum anderen aber gleichzeitig den Besonderheiten des EG-Wettbewerbsrechts angemessen Rechnung tragen. Nach Ansicht der Verfasserin liegt die Lösung in den EG-Wettbewerbsregeln als solchen.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2008
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8329-3876-5
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-1079-7
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 232
Product type: Book Titles

Titelei No access Pages 2 - 4
Preface No access Pages 5 - 8
Content No access Pages 9 - 16
Abbreviations No access Pages 17 - 18
1. “Social policy versus the market” – an outline of the book No access Pages 19 - 21
2. The debate “social policy versus the market” as a part of the “economic constitution” No access Pages 21 - 24
3. 1. The embeddedness of the ordoliberal concept of the “economic constitution” in its historical circumstances No access Pages 24 - 25
  2. 1. The term “constitution” No access
    2. Its “economic” character No access
    3. The “fundamental” character of the provisions of an “economic constitution” No access
  3. The role of social policy in the interpretation of Article 81 EC as a part of the EC economic constitution No access Pages 28 - 30
1. Balance between market and non-market goals under the EC Treaty No access Pages 31 - 32
2. Approaching the non-competition goals in the interpretation of Article 81 EC No access Pages 32 - 32
3. 1. Freedom as a value in itself No access Pages 32 - 36
  2. 1. General No access
    2. The Chicago School of Antitrust No access
    3. The Post-Chicago School of Antitrust No access
  3. Competitive process No access Pages 39 - 39
  4. Protecting competitors and fair competition No access Pages 39 - 40
  5. Socio-political issues No access Pages 40 - 41
  6. Compatibility of and harmonisation among the several goals No access Pages 41 - 44
4. 1. Market Integration No access Pages 44 - 47
  2. Competition as a means to further ends No access Pages 47 - 49
  3. Economic efficiency No access Pages 49 - 54
  4. Small and medium sized enterprises No access Pages 54 - 55
  5. Freedom of competition/economic freedom No access Pages 55 - 57
  6. Conclusion: The goals of EC competition law No access Pages 57 - 59
5. Non-competition goals No access Pages 59 - 60
1. 1. Positive and negative integration and in between No access Pages 61 - 68
  2. Social policy and fundamental rights No access Pages 68 - 70
2. 1. 1. Structural imperfections of the labour market No access
    2. The value judgments underlying the labour market No access
  2. Interplay between labour markets and markets for goods and services No access Pages 74 - 75
  3. Competition law theory No access Pages 75 - 77
  4. Comment No access Pages 77 - 78
  5. 1. Integration theories and the role of labour No access
    2. European Integration and the role of labour No access
    3. Consequences for the role of social policy under the EC Treaty No access
1. Reconciliation of goals No access Pages 81 - 83
2. 1. Plurality of goals No access Pages 83 - 84
  2. Conflict No access Pages 84 - 84
  3. Options to reconcile Article 81 EC and social policy and their impact No access Pages 84 - 86
1. Written derogations: Limitations on the scope of competition law No access Pages 87 - 88
2. Limitations on the scope of competition law: Implicit derogations on the basis of the allocation of powers No access Pages 88 - 89
3. Limitations on the scope of competition law: Implicit derogations on the basis of fundamental rights No access Pages 89 - 90
4. 1. Collective bargaining agreements in competition law: Albany No access Pages 90 - 92
  2. Collective bargaining agreements in competition law: The Post-Albany case law and the reactions of scholars No access Pages 92 - 93
  3. Comment No access Pages 93 - 94
5. 1. The US “rule of reason” No access Pages 94 - 97
  2. 1. 1. The discussion under Reg. 1/2003 and Reg. 17/62 No access
      2. Article 81 EC: Flexibility versus legal certainty No access
      3. The line between Article 81 (1) and (3) EC No access
    2. 1. The Wouters case No access
      2. Doctrinal interpretations of the Wouters case No access
      3. The Post-Wouters case law No access
      4. Comment on the “European Rule of Reason” No access
    3. 1. The distinction between social security and the labour market in the context of the notion of an “undertaking” within the meaning of Article 81 (1) EC No access
      2. Case law in the field of social security No access
      3. Employees, employers or trade unions as “undertakings”? No access
      4. The overall assessment in the field of social security No access
        Related markets No access
        Social security and the labour market: The underpinnings of the derogations No access
  3. 1. Article 81 (3) EC between a “public-policy”/“non-competition”-justification and a mere efficiency defence No access
    2. 1. First criterion No access
      2. Second criterion No access
      3. Third criterion No access
      4. Fourth criterion No access
      5. The “economic approach” in EC competition law and its impact on Article 81 EC No access
    3. 1. Metro No access
      2. Comment No access
      3. Remia No access
      4. Comment No access
      5. Ford/Volkswagen No access
      6. Comment No access
      7. Stichting Baksteen No access
      8. Comment No access
    4. 1. The relevance of environmental protection: Its significance, its measurability, and appropriateness for private regulation No access
      2. Selected decisions No access
      3. Doctrinal views and comment No access
  4. 1. 1. Which non-competition goals count? No access
      2. How are the non-competition goals addressed in the context of Article 81 EC? No access
      3. Legal perspective No access
        Economic perspective No access
        The case of social policy No access
      4. Sources of non-competition policies No access
1. 1. Precedence of market goals No access Pages 141 - 143
  2. A mixed economic constitution with a systemic guarantee of the market mechanism No access Pages 143 - 144
  3. An open economic constitution No access Pages 144 - 145
  4. Conclusion No access Pages 145 - 145
2. 1. The “elimination” of competition No access Pages 145 - 146
  2. The concept of “social market economy”: the original concept and its significance in practice No access Pages 146 - 148
  3. The transposition of the concept to the EU level No access Pages 148 - 149
  4. Comments on the term and concept of “social market economy” No access Pages 149 - 151
3. The impact of social policy by virtue of the cross-sectional clauses No access Pages 151 - 153
4. Conclusion No access Pages 153 - 154
1. The case law of the US Supreme Court on the non-competition goals under Section 1 of the Sherman Act No access Pages 155 - 157
2. 1. The competition rules and the free movement rules: The complementary character of the early days No access Pages 157 - 158
  2. The public and the private sphere No access Pages 158 - 159
  3. The rationale of the public-private-distinction in light of ongoing changes in governance structures No access Pages 159 - 160
3. 1. 1. Case law No access
    2. Comment No access
  2. 1. Indirect horizontal effect No access
    2. Direct horizontal effect No access
    3. 1. Against the expansion of the horizontal effect No access
      2. Self-regulation No access
        Identification of public interest criteria and the link to the political process No access
  3. 1. The classic negative function of fundamental rights No access
    2. The materialisation of contract law No access
    3. The possible effects of fundamental social rights on EC competition law: towards an objective function of fundamental rights? No access
  4. 1. The state and competition law No access
    2. The US state action doctrine No access
    3. The European “state action doctrine” No access
    4. Argument deriving from European state action doctrine for the role of non-competition goals under Article 81 EC No access
4. Conclusion on the role of private parties in governance matters No access Pages 180 - 180
1. The interdependencies between the institutional / enforcement-related and substantive aspects No access Pages 181 - 183
2. 1. Direct effect of Article 81 EC No access Pages 183 - 183
  2. Article 81 (3) EC under the Commission’s exemption monopoly No access Pages 183 - 184
  3. 1. Limited judicial review in the context of Article 81 (3) EC: Between complex economic assessments and political goals No access
    2. Limited judicial review as a concern for accountability and effective judicial protection No access
    3. Conclusion: No clear guidance on the basis of the practice under Reg. 17/62 No access
3. 1. Need for reform No access Pages 189 - 190
  2. 1. The main preoccupations concerning the reform No access
    2. Tools No access
  3. 1. The problem No access
    2. 1. Direct applicability and direct effect No access
      2. Direct effect/applicability with and without the consideration of non-competition goals No access
    3. The position of the Commission on the role of the non-competition goals under Article 81 EC No access
    4. Scholarship No access
  4. 1. 1. The uniformity and accountability issue No access
      2. Guidance from the Commission No access
    2. 1. The concerns of accountability, uniformity, and capacity No access
      2. The cooperation between the national courts and the Commission No access
    3. Further instruments under Reg. 1/2003 for clarifying the role of and dealing with non-competition goals: Article 10 decisions No access
    4. The role of Article 234 EC with respect to non-competition goals in the interpretation of Article 81 EC No access
  5. Conclusion: No room for non-competition policies under the enforcement regime of Reg. 1/2003 No access Pages 208 - 210
A proposal on the role of social policy goals in the interpretation of Article 81 EC and concluding remarks No access Pages 211 - 216
Bibliography No access Pages 217 - 232