Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights

Prof. Dr. Stephanie Schiedermair; Dr. Alexander Schwarz; Prof. Dr. Dominik Steiger

doi:10.5771/9783748923503

Summary

Der Sammelband bietet einen Einblick in aktuelle Debatten zu Theorie und Praxis der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention. Das Buch gliedert sich in drei Teile: Verfahrensrechtliche Aspekte, Grundsätze Herausforderungen durch die aktuelle Rechtsprechung sowie Interaktion mit nationalen Rechtssystemen. Der Sammelband versammelt die Vorträge, die im Jahre 2019 im Rahmen der „1. International Summerschool“ der Universitäten Leipzig und Dresden gehalten wurden. Ziel des Buches ist es, die weitere Forschung und den Diskurs über die Arbeitsweise des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte zu fördern, ein Ziel, das in der zweiten Sommerschule im Jahr 2021 fortgesetzt wird. Mit Beiträgen vonVeronika Bilkova, Katharina Braun, Robert Frau, Hanaa Hakiki, Beti Hohler, Stefanie Lemke, Helga Molbaek-Steensig, Jacopo Roberti di Sarsina, Christiane Schmaltz, Barbara Sonczyk, Dominik Steiger, Edith Wagner und Alain Zysset.

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Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2022
Copyright year: 2022
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-7966-6
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-2350-3
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Leipziger Schriften zum Völkerrecht, Europarecht und ausländischen öffentlichen Recht
Volume: 24
Language: English
Pages: 310
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisPages 1 - 10
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1. Authors:
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  1. A. Introduction
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  2. Authors:
    1. I. Positive Obligations and Criminal Law
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1. The Standard for an Effective Investigation
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      2. 2. Criticism of the Court’s Approach to Criminal Law Measures
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      3. 3. Unintentional Infliction of Death or Life-Threatening Injuries
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  3. C. The Rationales behind the Obligations to Criminalise, Investigate, and Prosecute
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  4. D. Conclusion
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  5. Bibliography
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  1. A. Introduction – An Alarming Tendency
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  2. B. Article 18 ECHR – Autonomous Application Linked with Substantive Convention Guarantees
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  3. C. Development of the Case Law – From Uncertainty to Clarification
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  4. D. Application of Article 18 in Conjunction with Article 6 – Inconsistency, but Positive Signals
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  5. Authors:
    1. I. Burden of Proof – Open Questions and Lack of Guidance for Applicants
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    2. II. Standard of Proof – The Usual Approach
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  6. III. Application of these Principles – A Safeguard against Undemocratic Tendencies
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  7. F. Non-Examination of Article 18 – Missed Chances to ‘Raise the Red Flag’
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  8. G. Conclusion – A Developing Tool in Need of Sharpening
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  9. Bibliography
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  1. A. Introduction
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  2. B. The Interlaken Reform: The Latest Chapter in a History of Reforms
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  3. C. Progress in the Interlaken Process up until Copenhagen
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  4. D. The Copenhagen Declaration
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  5. E. Conclusion
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  6. Bibliography
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  1. A. The Increase in Strikeouts
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  2. Authors:
    1. I. The Widespread Disregard for the Obligations under the Convention
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    2. II. Ukraine and the Chernobyl Victims
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  3. Authors:
    1. I. 2001 to 2009: The First Friendly Settlement and Case-by-Case Adjudication
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    2. II. 2009: The Pilot Judgment Procedure
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    3. Authors:
      1. 1. The Procedure for Well-Established Case Law
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      2. 2. Unilateral Declarations
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    4. IV. 2017: The Mass Strikeout in Burmych
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  4. Authors:
    1. I. The Flawed Prioritisation of Non-repetitive over Repetitive Cases
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    2. II. The Lack of Weighing and Balancing
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    3. III. The Substantive Evolution of the Convention
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    4. IV. The Lack of a Public Hearing: Perceived Procedural Fairness and Legitimacy
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  5. E. Conclusion
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  6. Authors:
    1. II. The further Development of the Convention and Compliance with Existing Obligations
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    2. III. Efficiency at the Expense of the Court’s Legitimacy?
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  7. ANNEX
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  8. Bibliography
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  1. Authors:
    1. I. Who are Human Rights Defenders?
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    2. II. Who are Whistleblowers?
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    3. III. What are the Shared Features and the Differences between the two Groups?
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  2. Authors:
    1. I. Private Life and Safety
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    2. II. Activities in the Public Space
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    3. III. Economic and Social Status
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    4. IV. Increased Vulnerability of Human Rights Defenders and Whistleblowers
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  3. Authors:
    1. I. Legal Standards Applicable to Human Rights Defenders
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    2. II. Legal Standards Applicable to Whistleblowers
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  4. D. Conclusions
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  5. Bibliography
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  1. A. Introduction
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  2. Authors:
    1. I. Expulsion
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    2. II. Collective
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    3. III. Alien
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  3. Authors:
    1. I. Conditions of Applicability
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1.‘Genuine and Effective’ in the Court’s Jurisprudence on Access to Rights
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      2. 2. ‘Effective’ in the Court’s Jurisprudence on Access to Rights before Domestic Courts
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    3. III. Impact of the ‘Own Culpable Conduct’ Exception on the Applicability of Article 4 Protocol 4 ECHR at Borders
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  4. Authors:
    1. Authors:
      1. 1. Article 3 ECHR and the Prohibition of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment
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      2. 2. Article 13 ECHR and the Right to an Effective Remedy
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1. The American Convention on Human Rights
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      2. 2. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
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  5. E. Conclusion
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  6. Bibliography
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  1. Authors:
    1. I. A Very Short History of Influencing Elections
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1. “Fake News” and the Difference between Mis-, Dis- and Mal-Information
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      2. 2. Hate Speech: Spreading Hatred based on Intolerance
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      3. 3. The Recent Rise of “Fake News” and Hate Speech in the Context of Elections
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    3. Authors:
      1. Authors:
        a) Loi Avia Against Hate Speech: Not Enough Time and Too Much Discretion
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        b) Loi No. 2018–1202 Against the Manipulation of Information: A much more Differentiated and Precise Approach
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      2. 2. The German Approach: Generally Combatting Hate Speech and – less so – “Fake News”
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      3. Authors:
        a) Personal and Material Scope of Application
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        b) (Excluding) Liability of Online Platforms
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        c) Notice and Takedown Procedure and Legal Remedies
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        d) “Fake News” and Advertisement Regulation
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        e) Further Duties of Very Large Online Platforms
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        f) Fines and Penalties
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        g) Summary – Regulating “Fake News” and Hate Speech, Not Only in Election Times
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      4. 4. Conclusion: Regulating Online Intermediaries in Different Ways
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  2. Authors:
    1. Authors:
      1. 1. Individuals – Protected by the ECHR
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      2. 2. Companies and Bots – Protected and Indirectly Bound by the ECHR
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      3. 3. States and the EU – Bound but not Protected by the ECHR
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      4. 4. Summary – Personal Application as a Mainly Procedural Question, not a Material Question
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1. Freedom of Expression on the Internet – Offline Rules also Apply Online
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      2. 2. The Material Scope of Freedom of Expression
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      3. 3. Right to Receive Information
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    3. Authors:
      1. Authors:
        a) Protection of Elections as a Legitimate Aim
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        aa) Foreseeability: What is Manifestly Illegal Content?
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        bb) Effective Judicial Review: Some Work to be Done
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        cc) Summary: DSA-Draft as a Model for National Legislation
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      2. Authors:
        a) Different Rights and Interests to be taken into Account
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        b) Dis- and Mal-Information and Hate Speech
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        aa) Delfi v. Estonia (2015) – Demanding a Notice and Takedown Procedure ….
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        bb) MTE and Index.hu ZRT v. Hungary (2016) – …. But not in all Cases
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        cc) Pihl v. Sweden (2017) – Limited Liability for Small Blogs
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        dd) Høiness v. Norway (2019) – Reiteration of the Court’s Cautious Approach
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        d) Application of the Court’s Case Law: Has the Right Balance Been Found?
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    4. IV. Conclusion: Regulating Online Intermediaries while Ensuring Freedom of Expression
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  3. Bibliography
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5. Authors:
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  1. A. Introduction
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  2. B. The turn to procedural review (‘TPR’)
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  3. Authors:
    1. I. Authority and Justification
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    2. II. From proportionality to justification…
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    3. III. And back...
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  4. D. Conclusion
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  5. Bibliography
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  1. A. Introduction
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  2. B. The Role and Responsibilities of Judges and Prosecutors
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  3. Authors:
    1. I. Azerbaijan
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    2. II. Russia
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    3. III. Ukraine
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  4. D. Outlook
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  5. Bibliography
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2. Authors:
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  1. A. Introduction
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  2. Authors:
    1. I. Short Political History of Kosovo: from an Autonomous Province to Declaration of Independence
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  3. Authors:
    1. I. Kosovo's Relationship with the ECHR: How it all Began
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    2. II. UNMIK and EULEX Human Rights Review Mechanisms and Their Reliance on the ECHR
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  4. Authors:
    1. I. Incorporation of the ECHR in the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo
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    2. II. The Status of ECtHR’s Jurisprudence within Kosovo’s Constitutional Framework
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    3. Authors:
      1. 1. The Constitutional Court
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      2. 2. Individual Referrals
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      3. 3. Strengthening the Domestic Capacity to Implement Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in accordance with the Principle of Subsidiarity
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  5. Authors:
    1. I. Legal Framework of the KSC
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    2. II. Implications of the Legal Framework of the KSC
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    3. III. The ECHR and War Crimes Cases in Former Yugoslavia: A Valuable Source?
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  6. F. Conclusion
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  7. Bibliography
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3. Authors:
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  1. Authors:
    1. I. Constitutional Framework
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    2. II. The ECHR’s position in the German Legal Order
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  2. Authors:
    1. I. General Relationship between the two Regimes
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    2. II. Derogations from Human Rights Law in Armed Conflict and other Public Emergencies
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  3. C. Extraterritorial Applicability of Human Rights Law
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  4. Authors:
    1. I. European Court of Human Rights: Al-Skeini
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    2. II. European Court of Human Rights: Hanan
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    3. III. The new German Approach
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    4. IV. The Federal Constitutional Court’s Approach and the Hanan-Case
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  5. E. Summary
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  6. Bibliography
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List of AuthorsPages 307 - 310
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