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Social Security in India and China

Reforms, Development and Determinants of Social Security Provision in India and China (2004-2009)
Authors:
Publisher:
 2015

Summary

In der vorliegenden Studie wird eine umfassende vergleichende Analyse der Sozialpolitik mit Fokus auf die Soziale Sicherheit in Indien und China vorgelegt. Für dieses Vorhaben wird die politische Performanz Indiens und China im Politikfeld der Sozialen Sicherheit verglichen, um in einem nächsten Schritt die gefundenen empirischen Ergebnisse anhand der gängigen theoretischen Ansätze zu erklären.

Die geleistete empirisch und theoretisch vergleichende Studie zwischen einer Demokratie und einer Autokratie eröffnet einen neuen Blick auf die Faktoren der Sozialpolitik in unterschiedlichen politischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Kontexten.

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2015
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-2682-0
ISBN-Online
978-3-8452-7019-7
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
Moderne Südasienstudien - Modern South Asian Studies
Volume
4
Language
English
Pages
460
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access 1 - 20
    1. 1.1 The Puzzle No access
    2. 1.2 Research Questions and general Assumption of the Study No access
    3. 1.3 Methodolgical Approach No access
    4. 1.4 Aim of the Study No access
    5. 1.5 Academic Relevance No access
      1. Limitations of the existing public policy literature for India and China No access
    7. 1.7 Design of the Study No access
      1. 2.1.1 Oranges and Apples: Can Democracies be compared to non-Democracies? No access
      2. 2.1.2 Exploring the Puzzle: Social Security Provisions and Regime Type No access
      3. 2.1.3 Social Security and ‘Good’ Governance No access
      4. 2.1.4 Can Asia be compared to Europe? No access
        1. The Chinese case: illustrating the requirement of adaptation No access
      1. 2.2.1 In Pursuit of a Working Definition No access
      2. 2.2.2 India and Chinese Concept of Social Security: Same Word, different Meaning No access
      3. 2.2.3 Working Definition for Social Security No access
      1. 2.3.1 Three classical approaches in theoretical reasoning and their implications No access
      2. 2.3.2 Towards an actor-orientated approach No access
      3. 2.3.3 Path-dependency and Social Security Provision No access
      4. 2.3.4 Critical Evalution on the existing Typologies No access
        1. Typology of Social Political Regimes in non-Democracies No access
      1. 2.4.1 Narrative, Path-Dependency and Critical Junctures No access
      2. 2.4.2 Narratives of Social Security Policy Development No access
      1. 2.5.1 New Institutionalism in Comparative Political Literature No access
        1. 2.5.2.1 New Institutional Logic of Inquiry No access
        2. 2.5.2.2 A Sequence Model of Social Security Provision No access
        3. 2.5.2.3 Definition of Institutions: Why they matter? No access
      3. 2.5.3 A New Institutional Model: Politics, Policy and Polity No access
      4. 2.5.4 Comments on the applied theoretical Model No access
      1. 3.1.1 Regional Differences No access
      2. 3.1.2 Social Security Provision: The Gap between Objectives and Outcomes No access
      3. 3.1.3 Female Participation in the Work-force No access
      4. 3.1.4 Vulnerability No access
      5. 3.1.5 Comments on Social Security Provision in China and India No access
      1. 3.2.1 General reflection on the Path-Dependency of Social Security Provision No access
      2. 3.2.2 Social Security Policy Trajectories No access
        1. 3.3.1.1 The Iron Rice Bowl: Left-totalitarian Welfare Regime and its Features No access
      2. 3.3.2 The First Period: Coming crises, hard figures vs. Socialistic Vision, 1978 to 1992 No access
        1. 3.3.3.1 Reform Period and Blueprint for today No access
        2. 3.3.3.2 Evolution of a pluralistic System in China No access
          1. RSCs: illustrating the deficits in policymaking and provision No access
          2. Shequ system – an example for urban focused focus of policy making No access
        1. The urban Pension Scheme: Strengths and Deficits No access
        2. Voluntary rural Pensions: Planning Challenges and Program Concurrency No access
        3. Health Insurance: The Issue of a missing coherent National Strategy No access
        4. Unemployment Insurance: Modest Coverage and low Benefits No access
        5. Maternity Insurance: Longitude and Commitment of Policy Making No access
        6. Employment Injury Insurance: Addressing Unemployment No access
        7. MSLS: A pioneering Project and its programmatic and ideological Constraints No access
        8. The Urban MSLS: In pursuit of Universal Coverage No access
        9. Five Guarantees: Providing minimal Social Assistance No access
      5. 3.3.5 The Third Period: Balanced economic and social Development, 2004 to 2009 No access
      6. 3.3.6 Welfare Regime with Chinese Characteristics No access
      7. 3.3.7 Comments on Social Security Provision in China No access
          1. The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923: Relics of Colonial Rule No access
          2. The Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 No access
          3. The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 No access
          4. The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 No access
          5. Government and Public Enterprise Schemes No access
          6. Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972: the Eve of Paradigm Change No access
      2. 3.4.2 The First Period: Blueprint for the modern Welfare Regime, 1978 to 1992 No access
          1. 3.4.3.1 Social Security Provision in the late 1990s and early 2000s No access
          2. 3.4.3.2 India’s Social Security and typical Deficits, 1991-2004 No access
          3. 3.4.3.3 Expanding the Safety Net for elderly people No access
          4. 3.4.3.4 Three Categories: the Range, Ccope and Deficits of typical pension schemes No access
        2. The National Pension Scheme No access
        3. The Pension Scheme under the National Social Assistance Program No access
        4. Indira Gandhi’s National Old Age Pension Scheme No access
        5. Varishtha Pension Bima: A ‘fill-in’ for the IGNOPAS No access
          1. 3.4.3.5 Social Security and Health insurance in the unorganised sector No access
        7. Janashree Bhima Yojana: The modern Health Care Scheme No access
        8. The Universal Health Insurance Scheme No access
          1. 3.4.3.6 Social Security Schemes for the unorganised Sector No access
        10. The Janashree Bima Yojana Life Insurance No access
        11. The Krishi Samajik Suraksha Yojana – just a policy No access
          1. The Active Labour Market Programme or the ‘Right to work’ No access
          1. Bima Yojana – the flagship scheme and its problems No access
          2. Aam Admi Bima Yojana No access
      5. 3.4.5 Welfare Regime with Indian Characteristics No access
    5. 3.5 Comments on the historical descriptive Perspective No access
    1. 4.1 Elaboration of Wagner’s Law in times of austerity No access
    2. 4.2 Economic Growth and institutional Causality No access
      1. 4.3.1 Economic Constraints on Social Security Policy Performance No access
      2. 4.3.2 Budget Restrictions: Debts and Revenues No access
      3. 4.3.3 Budget Restrictions: Programm Concurrency No access
      1. 4.4.1 Changing Employment Situation, Trade Openness and Social Security No access
      1. 4.5.1 Demographic Change and Public Policy No access
    6. 4.6 Comments on socio-economical Determinants No access
      1. 5.1.1 Defining Regime Types No access
    2. 5.2 Assumed institutional Causalities and Social Security No access
    3. 5.3 Social Expenditure: Assumed Effects and the Reality No access
    4. 5.4 Remark on the Regime Type and Social Security No access
      1. 6.1.2 Autocracies, Democracies in Developing Countries, and institutional Veto Points No access
      2. 6.1.3 MDCD and the Issue of Comparison No access
      1. 6.2.1 Institutional veto points in China and India No access
        1. 6.3.1.1 Constitutional and institutional Features of India’s Political Regime No access
          1. The Rajya Sabha No access
          2. The Lok Sabha No access
          3. The two Houses and the Law Making Process No access
        3. 6.3.1.3 Social Policy Making: Involvement of Legislative and Executive No access
          1. Ministry of Labour and Employment No access
          2. Employees' Provident Fund Organisation No access
          3. Employees' State Insurance Corporation No access
          4. Department of Social Welfare No access
          5. Ministries and Social Security Administration No access
        1. 6.3.2.1 CCP the Locus of Political Life No access
        2. 6.3.2.2 The Politburo: A key actor No access
          1. The Chinese State Council No access
          2. The National People’s Congress: The ‘rubber stamp’ No access
          3. The Ministry of Labour and Social Security No access
          4. The ACFTU: Quasi Law Making Power No access
          5. The Ministry of Civil Affairs No access
          6. The Ministry of Health No access
          7. The National Fund of Social Security Funds No access
        1. 6.4.1.1 Chinese-Style Federalism No access
        2. 6.4.1.2 India’s unusual Federalism: a Balance of self and shared Rule No access
          1. India’s Pluralism and Social Security Provision No access
          2. Chinese Pluralism and Fiscal Constraints on Social Security Provision No access
      2. 6.4.2 Comments on the State Format No access
          1. Red capitalists and the CCP No access
          2. Administrative Brain Drain No access
          1. Excessive Regulations and Red Tape Bureaucracy No access
          2. The Challenge of Corruption and Fraud No access
      3. 6.5.3 Comments on bureaucratic Efficiency No access
    1. 7.1 Political Parties, Party Effect and Policy Outcomes No access
      1. 7.2.1 Relevance of Party Politics and Ideology No access
        1. 7.2.2.1 The Asian Case and why parties matter No access
          1. India’s democracy, the Nehru-Gandhi Dynasty, and Social Security Politics No access
          2. From Nehru onwards to more Liberalism No access
          3. Indira Gandhi’s radical Policy Changes No access
          4. The Party System and its Constraints on Social Security Politics No access
          5. The United Progressive Alliance (2004-2009) and its limited Power No access
          6. The Coalition Government and its Constraints on Decision Making No access
          7. The UPA: Social Security Objectives and Policy Outcomes No access
          1. The CCP and shifting Policy Guidelines (2004-2007) No access
          2. The CCP: from commanding to administrative Party No access
      1. 7.3.1 Beyond the Veto Player Theorem – The Asian cases No access
      2. 7.3.2 Political Parties as Engines for Clientelism No access
        1. 7.3.3.1 Indian Democracy, Vote Banks and Patronage No access
        2. 7.3.3.2 Veto Players and Co-regents in China No access
    4. 7.4 Comments on Party Politics, Ideology and Social Security No access
      1. 8.1.1 Democracies and Rule of Law No access
      2. 8.1.2 The Rule of Law and Constitutions in Autocracies No access
      3. 8.1.3 Law, the Constitution and Social Security Provision No access
      4. 8.1.4 Comparing China and India No access
        1. 8.2.1 The Constitution and Social Security in China No access
        2. 8.2.2 The Constitution of 1982 and Social Security No access
        3. 8.2.3 The Constitution: Constraints on Civil Rights No access
        4. 8.2.4 Laws and Constraints on Social Security in China No access
      1. 8.3.1 The Supreme Court and Social Security No access
        1. Case: The Supreme Court and Promotional Social Security Schemes for Children No access
    4. 8.4 Comments on the Constitutions and Social Security Laws No access
    1. 9.1 Critical Elaboration of the typical Logic of Inquiry No access
      1. The Party-Union Relationship and three Dimensions of Cooptation No access
      1. 9.3.1 Measuring the Level of Organised Interest No access
      2. 9.3.2 China’s autocratic Cooperatism No access
      3. 9.3.3 India’s State Capitalsim and Organised Labour No access
      4. 9.3.4 Remarks on Typology and the Hybrid Types No access
      1. 9.4.1 The Trinity of Party-State-Union No access
      2. 9.4.2 Social Policy Making and the Party-State-Union Relationship No access
      3. 9.4.3 Patronage in the Political Decision Making Process No access
      4. 9.4.4 Constraints on the internal Decision Making Process No access
      5. 9.4.5 Organised Labour and the Logic of Influence No access
      1. The Bombay Case: a concrete Example of the All-Indian Experience No access
      2. Chinese paper unions No access
    6. 9.6 Comments on Organised Labour and its Political Power No access
  11. X. Conclusion No access 398 - 406
  12. Bibliography No access 407 - 460

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