, to see if you have full access to this publication.
Monograph No access
Die politischen Parteien Afghanistans
Entstehen, Fortdauer und Verschwinden- Authors:
- Series:
- Moderne Südasienstudien - Modern South Asian Studies, Volume 9
- Publisher:
- 2023
Summary
Afghanistan has been the focus of international interests since 1979, but its long party political tradition has received little attention. This book provides an overview of Afghanistan's political parties from 1964 to 2021, which struggled for political power against a backdrop of foreign invasions, civil wars and an unfinished state-building process. It contributes to social science research on party politics, armed groups, democratisation and development. Wahid Watanyar holds a PhD in political science from the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg. His research focuses on armed groups and conflicts, political parties, democratisation and the politics of South Asia.
Keywords
Search publication
Bibliographic data
- Copyright Year
- 2023
- ISBN-Print
- 978-3-8487-7454-8
- ISBN-Online
- 978-3-7489-3246-8
- Publisher
- Nomos, Baden-Baden
- Series
- Moderne Südasienstudien - Modern South Asian Studies
- Volume
- 9
- Language
- German
- Pages
- 339
- Product Type
- Monograph
Table of contents
ChapterPages
- Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 14
- 1.1 Hintergründe und Erkenntnisinteresse der Untersuchung No access
- 1.2 Begriffserklärung No access
- 2.1 Politische Parteien und ihre Entstehung No access
- 2.2.1 Der Parteitypus No access
- 2.2.2 Parteifunktionen No access
- 2.2.3 Parteien in (Post-)Konfliktgesellschaften No access
- 2.3 Eigenschaften von Parteisystemen No access
- 2.4 Zwischenfazit No access
- 3.1 Dreidimensionale Analyse zur Parteitypbestimmung No access
- 3.2 Auswahl und Begründung der Analysekategorien No access
- 3.3 Verhältnis zwischen Staat und Parteisystem No access
- 4.1 Konzeptspezifikation No access
- 4.2 Spezifikation der Parteientypologie No access
- 4.3 Vorgehensweise und Methode No access
- 4.4 Experteninterviews No access
- 5.1 Historischer Überblick: das Entstehen der ersten politischen Bewegungen Afghanistans No access
- 5.2 Systempolitische Landschaft und Parteientwicklung No access
- 5.3 Politische Erbschaft und ihre Auswirkungen auf spätere Phasen No access
- 5.4 Zwischenfazit No access
- 6.1 Die großen politischen Bewegungen in der Vorkriegszeit No access
- 6.2.1 Die Moderaten No access
- 6.2.2 Die Evolution der marxistisch-leninistischen Partei Afghanistans No access
- 6.2.3 Die islamistischen Parteien No access
- People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) No access
- Jamyat-e Islami Afghanistan (JIA) und Hezb-e Islami Afghanistan (HIA) No access
- Klassifikation der Parteien in der Vorkriegsphase (1964-1978) No access
- 6.4 Funktionale Analyse der Parteien No access
- 6.5 Zwischenfazit No access
- 7.1 Charakterwandel der Parteien von der politischen zur militaristischen Ausrichtung No access
- 7.2.1 Noor Muhammad Taraki: der Mann des Ostens No access
- 7.2.2 Parcham und das Erbe der PDPA No access
- 7.3.1 Afghanistans schiitische Parteien No access
- 7.3.2 Die Taliban No access
- 7.3.3.1 Jamyat-e Islami Afghanistan (JIA) No access
- 7.3.3.2 Hezb-e Islami Afghanistan (HIA) No access
- People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) No access
- Jamyat-e Islami Afghanistan (JIA) No access
- Hezb-e Islami Afghanistan (HIA) No access
- Klassifikation von Parteien der Kriegsphase (1978-2001) No access
- 7.5 Funktionale Analyse der Parteien No access
- 7.6 Zwischenfazit No access
- 8.1 Politische Systemänderung und die islamistischen Parteien: eine Einführung No access
- 8.2 Der Wiederaufbauprozess und das Konflikterbe der alten Parteien No access
- 8.3 Persistenzstrategien der Parteien in der Post-Taliban-Phase No access
- 8.4.1.1 Jamyat-e Islami Afghanistan (JIA) No access
- 8.4.1.2 Hezb-e Wahdat-e Islami Fraktionen No access
- 8.4.1.3 Junbush-e Milli Afghanistan (JM) No access
- 8.4.2.1 Hezb-e Islami Afghanistan (HIA) No access
- 8.4.2.2 Die Taliban: Reorganisierung und Wiederaufstieg nach ihrem Zerfall 2001 No access
- Jamyat-e Islami Afghanistan (JIA) No access
- Hezb-e Wahdat-e Islami Fraktionen (HW) No access
- Junbush-e Milli (JM) No access
- Hezb-e Islami Afghanistan (HIA) No access
- Die Taliban No access
- Klassifikation der Parteien der Post-2001-Phase No access
- 8.6 Funktionale Analyse der Parteien No access
- 8.7 Zwischenfazit No access
- 9.1 Politische Systeme und Parteienlandschaft No access
- 9.2 Diskussion der Kernbefunde No access
- 9.3 Ausblick No access
- Internetquellen No access
- Zusammenfassung No access
- Vorgehensweise in den Interviews No access
- Interviewfragen No access
- 19. Juli 2019 – Gespräch mit Ghairat Baheer No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
- 22 September 2019 – Gespräch mit Waheed Benish No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
- 20. September 2019 – Gespräch mit Shinkai Karokhail No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
- 18. Juni 2019 – Gespräch mit Ismail Khan in Herat, Afghanistan No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
- 20. September 2019 – Gespräch mit Abdulkarim Khuram No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
- 20. September 2019 – Gespräch mit Farzana Kuchi No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
- 2. September 2019 – Gespräch mit Suleiman Laiq No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
- 16. September 2019 – Gespräch mit Abdul Hamid Majid No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
- 2. September 2019 – Gespräch mit Hafiz Mansour No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
- 1. August 2019 – Gespräch mit Dr. Mehdi No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
- 24. Juli 2019 – Gespräch mit Waheed Mozhdah No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
- 17. September 2019 - Gespräch mit M. Yusuf Rasheed No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
- 17. September 2019 – Gespräch mit Abdulsatar Saadat No access
- Hintergrund No access
- Kernaussagen No access
Bibliography (298 entries)
No match found. Try another term.
- Abdulwakil 2016: From the Kingdom Absolute to the Fall of Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Historical Events, vol. 1 - 2. Yosoufzadeh Verlag. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Aftanas, Jason M. 2014: Defeating Hezb-e-Islami-Gulbuddin: A Whole-of-Government Approach, Technical Report, in: Defense Technical Information Center. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ahrari, M. Ehsan, 2000: China, Pakistan, and the" Taliban Syndrome", in Asian Survey 40(4): 658–71. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Akbar, Mansoor, 1988: Revolution and Counterrevolution in Afghanistan, in: Journal of Contemporary Asia 18(4): 458–72. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Allison, Michael E. 2010: The Legacy of Violence on Post-Civil War Elections: The Case of El Salvador, in: Studies in Comparative International Development 45(1): 104–24. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Amin, Tahir 1984: Afghan Resistance: Past, Present, and Future, in: Asian Survey 24(4): 373–99. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Amowitz, Lynn L., Michele Heisler, and Vincent Iacopino, 2003: A Population-Based Assessment of Women’s Mental Health and Attitudes toward Women’s Human Rights in Afghanistan, in: Journal of women’s health 12(6): 577–87. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Amstutz, J. Bruce 1994: Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation, in: Diane Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Andishmand, M. Akram 2009: Afghanistan's People's Democratic Party Coup d'etat and Collapse (1978/1357- 1992/1371), in: Maiwand Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Angstrom, Jan 2008: Inviting the Leviathan: External Forces, War, and State-Building in Afghanistan, in: Small Wars & Insurgencies 19(3): 374–96. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Apter, David E. 1969a: Choices Between Political Systems, in: Comparative Government, Springer: 21–26. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1969b: The Political Party as a Modernizing Instrument, in: Comparative Government, Springer: 86–95. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Arnold, Anthony 1983: Afghanistan’s Two-Party Communism: Parcham and Khalq, in: Hoover Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1985: Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion in Perspective, in: Hoover Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Arter, David 2016: When new party X has the ‘X factor’ On Resilient Entrepreneurial Parties, in: Party Politics, 22(1): 15-26. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Atkinson, David 2014: The Development of Left-Wing Political Thought and Organisation in Afghanistan, in: Revista de Științe Politice. Revue des Sciences Politiques (42): 157–68. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ayub, Fatima and Kouvo, Sari 2008: Righting the course? Humanitarian intervention, the war on terror and the future of Afghanistan, in: International affairs, 84(4): 641-657. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Azimi, Mohammad Nabi 1998: Army and Politics in the last three decades in Afghanistan, in: Maiwand Publication Center, Saba Kitabkhana. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Baba, Nagjib. 1994: Afghanistan Today: 20 Months After The Collapse of The Communist Regime, in: Civilisations, vol. 43, no. 1.: 79–91. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Bacon, Tricia, and Byman, Daniel 2021: De-Talibanization and the Onset of Insurgency in Afghanistan, in: Studies in Conflict & Terrorism: 1–25. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Bartolini, Stefano 1998: Coalition Potential and Governmental Power, in: Comparing Party System Change, eds. Lane, Jan-Erik, and Paul Pennings. Routledge: 36-54. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Bartolini, Stefano, and Mair, Peter 2001: Challenge to Contemporary Political Parties, in: Political Parties and Democracy, eds. Diamond, Larry, and Richard Gunther. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 327-342. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Basedau, Matthias and Stroh, Alexander 2008: Measuring Party Institutionalization in Developing Countries: A New Research Instrument Applied to 28 African Political Parties, in: GIGA Working Paper No. 69: 1-28. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Bell, Arvid 2014: A Network in Transition: Actors, Interests, and Alliances in the Afghanistan Conflict as of Early 2014, in: PRIF Working Papers, 20: 1-30. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Berdal, Mats 2019: NATO’s Landscape of the Mind: Stabilisation and Statebuilding in Afghanistan, in: Ethnopolitics, 18(5): 526-543. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Berti, Benedetta 2016: Rebel Politics and the State: Between Conflict and Post-Conflict, Resistance and Co-Existence, in: Civil Wars 18(2): 118–36. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Bezhan, Faridullah. 2013: The Emergence of Political Parties and Political Dynamics in Afghanistan, 1964–73, in: Iranian studies 46(6): 921–41. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2014: Pan-Islamism in Afghanistan in the Early Twentieth Century: From Political Discourse to Government Policy, 1906–22, in: Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 25(2): 193–210. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Bhatia, Michael, 2007: The Future of the Mujahideen: Legitimacy, Legacy and Demobilization in Post-Bonn Afghanistan, in: International Peacekeeping 14(1): 90–107. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Biezen, Ingrid van, Mair, Peter, and Poguntke, Thomas 2012: Going, going,... gone? The decline of party membership in contemporary Europe, in: European journal of political research, 51(1), 24-56. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Biezen, Ingrid van, and Poguntke, Thomas 2014: The Decline of Membership-Based Politics, in: Party Politics, 20(2), 205-216. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Bijlert, Martine van, and Ali Yawar, Adili 2016: When the Political Agreement Runs Out: On the Future of Afghanistan’s National Unity Government, in: Afghanistan Analysts Network. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Blais, Andere and Massicotte, Louis 2002: Electoral Systems, in: Lawrence, LeDuc, Niemi, Richard G. and Norris, Pipa (eds), Comparing Democracies 2. New Challenges in the Study of Elections and Voting. London: Sage Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Blondel, Jean 1968: Party Systems and Patterns of Government in Western Democracies, in: Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique 1(2): 180–203. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1969: Comparative Government: a Reader, Springer. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Bose, Srinjoy and Ibrahimi, Niamatullah 2017: Afghanistan’s Political Parties: A Tale of Incomplete Reform and Transformation, in: Afghanistan–Challenges and Prospects, Routledge: 122–40. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Bosi, Tanya D. 2003: Post-Conflict Reconstruction: The United Nations' Involvement in Afghanistan, in: NYL Sch. J. Hum. Rts., 19, 819. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Brahimi, Lakhdar. 2007: State Building in Crisis and Post-Conflict Countries, in: 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government Building Trust in Government. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Brancati, Dawn and Snyder, Jack L. 2013: Time to kill: The impact of election timing on postconflict stability, in; Journal of Conflict Resolution, 57(5): 822-853. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Canfield, Robert L. 1989: Afghanistan: The Trajectory of Internal Alignments, in: Middle East Journal 43(4): 635–48. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Carothers, Thomas 2002: The End of the Transition Paradigm, in: Journal of democracy 13(1): 5–21. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Castillejo, Clare 2016: The Role of Ex-Rebel Parties in Building Peace, in: Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre Special Report : 1-6. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Chandra, Vishal. 2005a: Politics in Post-Taliban Afghanistan: An Assessment, in: Strategic Analysis 29(2): 222–49. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2005b: Warlords and Karzai’s Balancing Act, in: Strategic Analysis 29(1): 155–61. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Chiaramonte, Alessandro, and Vincenzo, Emanuele 2017: Party system volatility, regeneration and de-institutionalization in Western Europe (1945–2015), in: Party Politics, 23(4): 376-388. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Chu, Yun- Han 2001: The Legacy of One-Party Hegemony in Taiwan, in: Political Parties and Democracy, eds. Diamond, Larry, and Richard Gunther. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 265-296. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Coldren, Lee O. 1985: Afghanistan in 1984: The Fifth Year of the Russo-Afghan War, in: Asian Survey 25(2): 169–79. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Coppedge, Michael 2001: Latin American Parties: Political Darwinism in the Lost Decade, in: Political Parties and Democracy, eds. Diamond, Larry and Richard Gunther, The John Hopkins University Press :173-205. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Croissant, Aurel 2008: Die Parteiensysteme Neuer Demokratien in Ostasien: Merkmale, Typen Und Institutionalisierungsgrad, in: Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft 2(1): 95–123. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Curtis, Devon and De Zeeuw, Jeroen 2009: Rebel Movements and Political Party Development in Post-Conflict Societies–A Short Literature Review, in: Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies, Program on States and Security. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Curtis, Devon and Gyda M. Sindre 2019: Transforming State Visions: Ideology and Ideas in Armed Groups Turned Political Parties–Introduction to Special Issue, in: Government and Opposition 54(3): 387–414. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Dagher, Ruby 2018: Legitimacy and post-conflict state-building: the undervalued role of performance legitimacy, in: Conflict, Security & Development, 18(2): 85-111. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Dahl, Robert. A. (Ed.). 1966: Political oppositions in western democracies, Yale University Press Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Dalton, Joshua 2014: A war of perception: the struggle for legitimacy, influence and power through media in post-2001 Afghanistan, in: Central Asian Survey, 33(3), 329-345. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Dalton, Russell J. and Wattenberg, Martin P. (Eds.). 2000: Parties Without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, Oxford University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2000a: Unthinkable Democracy: Political Change in Advanced Democracies, in: Parties Without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, eds. Dalton, Russell. J., and Martin Wattenberg. Oxford University Press: 3-16. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Dawlatabadi, Basir Ahmad 1992: Political Parties and Movements in Afghanistan, Moalef Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Decker, Frank 2016: The “Alternative for Germany”: Factors Behind its Emergence and Profile of a New Right-Wing Populist Party, in: German Politics and Society, 34(2): 1-16. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Derksen, Deedee 2018: Hezb-e Islami, Peace, and Integration Into the Afghan Security Forces, in: United States Institute of Peace Special Report, Peaceworks No. 138: 1-33. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Diamond, Larry and Gunther, Richard 2001a: Introduction, in Political Parties and Democracy, eds. Diamond, Larry and Richard Gunther. The Johns Hopkins University Press: ix-xxxii Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2001b: Types and Functions of Parties’. In Political Parties and Democracy, eds. Diamond, Larry, Gunther, Richard. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 3-34. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Dobbins, James 2008: After the Taliban: Nation-Building in Afghanistan, Potomac Books, Inc. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Dorronsoro, Gilles 1995: Afghanistan’s Civil War, in: Current History 94(588): 37. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2009: The Taliban's winning strategy in Afghanistan, in: Carnegie Endowment for International peace. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Downs, Anthony 1957: An Economic Theory of Political Action in a Democracy, in: Journal of political economy 65(2): 135–50. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Dressler, Jeffrey 2010: The Haqqani Network: From Pakistan to Afghanistan, in: Institute for the Study of War, Washington. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Dressler, Jeffrey and Forsberg, Carl 2010, The Quetta Shura Taliban in Southern Afghanistan, in: Institute for the Study of War, Washington DC. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Drummond, Andrew J. 2006: Electoral volatility and party decline in Western democracies: 1970–1995, in: Political Studies, 54(3): 628-647. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Dupree, Louis 1979: Afghanistan under the Khalq, in: Probs. Communism, 28, 34 Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1980: Afghanistan, Princeton University Press, New Jersey Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1984: Afghanistan in 1983: and still no solution, in: Asian Survey, 24(2), 229-239. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1987: The Soviet Union and Afghanistan in 1987, in: Current History 86(522): 333–35. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Duverger, Maurice 1959: Political parties: Their organization and activity in the modern state, Metheun & Co. Ltd Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Edwards, David B. 1993: Summoning Muslims: Print, Politics, and Religious Ideology in Afghanistan, in: The Journal of Asian Studies 52(3): 609–28. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ehrhart, Hans-Georg and Kaestner, Roland 2008: Afghanistan: Scheitern oder Strategiewechsel?, in: Institut für Friedensforschung und Sicherheitspolitik, Ausgabe 43. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Eliot, Theodore L. 1979: Afghanistan in 1990: Groping toward Peace?, in: Asian Survey 31(2): 125–33. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Elischer, Sebastian 2013: Political Parties in Africa: Ethnicity and Party Formation, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Emadi, Hafizullah 1995: Exporting Iran’s Revolution: The Radicalization of the Shiite Movement in Afghanistan, in: Middle Eastern Studies 31(1): 1–12. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ——— 2010: Dynamics of Political Development in Afghanistan: The British, Russian, and American Invasions, Springer. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Emerson, Rupert 1966: Parties and National Integration in Africa, in: Political Parties and Political Development, eds. LaPalombara, Joseph, and Myron Weiner. Princeton University Press: 267-302. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Emminghaus, Christoph 2003: Politische Parteien im Demokratisierungsprozess. Struktur und Funktion afrikanischer Parteiensysteme, Springer. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Englehart, Neil and Grant, Patrick 2015: Governors, Governance, and Insurgency in Karzai’s Afghanistan: The Limits of Professionalism, in: Asian Survey 55(2): 299–324. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Fänge, Anders 1995: Afghanistan after April 1992: A Struggle for State and Ethnicity, in: Central Asian Survey 14(1): 17–24. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Farahi, Abdulghafar 2002: Afghanistan throughout the democratic and republican periods: 1964-1973, Danish Pubisher, Kabul. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Farhang, M. Sediq 1988: Afghanistan in the last five Centuries. 2. Auflage, Ariana O. Printer. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Fields, Mark and Ahmed, Ramsha 2011: A review of the 2001 Bonn Conference and application to the road ahead in Afghanistan, in: Institute for National Strategic Studies, Strategic Perspective No.8. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Finn, Devin M. 2009: Transformation of Rebel Movements into Political Parties in Transitions from Civil Conflict: A Study of Rebels’ Decision-Making amid Violence in El Salvador and Zimbabwe, PhD Thesis. University of Denver Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Foschini, Fabrizio 2012: The Battle for Schools in Ghazni–or, Schools as a Battlefield, in: Afghanistan Analysts Network Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Franco, Claudio and Giustozzi, Antonio 2016: Revolution in the Counter-Revolution: Efforts to Centralize the Taliban’s Military Leadership, in: Central Asian Affairs, 3(3), 249-286. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ghubar, Ghulam Muhammad 1969: Afghanistan in the Course of History, vol. 1. Nashr-e Inqelab, Tehran Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———. 1999: Afghanistan in the Course of History, vol. 2. Maiwand Publisher, Virginia Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Giustozzi, Antonio 2005: The Debate on Warlordism: The Importance of Military Legitimacy, in: Crisis States Research Centre, a discussion papers, 13 (13), London School of Economics and Political Scienc Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2008: Afghanistan: Transition without End: An Analytical Narrative of Afghanistan, in: Crisis States Research Centre. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2013: March towards Democracy? The Development of Political Movements in Afghanistan, in: Central Asian Survey 32(3): 318–35. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2017: Afghanistan: Taliban’s organization and structure, Oslo: Land Info. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2019: The Taliban at War: 2001-2018, Oxford University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Giustozzi, Antonio, and Orsini, Dominique 2009: Centre–Periphery Relations in Afghanistan: Badakhshan between Patrimonialism and Institution-Building. Central Asian Survey 28(1): 1–16. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Gläser, Jochen und Laudel, Gerit 2010: Experteninterviews und qualitative Inhaltsanalyse, Springer-Verlag Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Goodhand, Jonathan and Hakimi, Aziz 2014: 90 Counterinsurgency, Local Militias, and Statebuilding in Afghanistan, United States Institute of Peace Washington, DC. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Goodhand, Jonathan, and Sedra, Mark 2007: Bribes or bargains? Peace conditionalities and ‘post-conflict’reconstruction in Afghanistan, in: International Peacekeeping, 14(1), 41-61. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2013: Rethinking Liberal Peacebuilding, Statebuilding and Transition in Afghanistan: An Introduction, in: Central Asian Survey 32(3): 239–54. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Goodhand, Jonathan, Suhrke, Astri, and Bose, Sirnjoy 2016: Flooding the lake? International democracy promotion and the political economy of the 2014 presidential election in Afghanistan, in: Conflict, Security and Development, vol. 16: 481-501. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Goodson, Larry P. 2001: Perverting Islam: Taliban social policy toward women, in: Central Asian Survey, 20(4), 415-426. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2005: Afghanistan in 2004: Electoral Progress and an Opium Boom, in: Asian Survey 45(1): 88–97. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2011: Afghanistan’s Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban, University of Washington Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Gossman, Patricia. 2001: Afghanistan in the Balance, in: Middle East Report 31: 8–15. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Gschwend, Thomas und Schimmelfennig, Frank 2007: Forschungsdesign in der Politikwissenschaft: ein Dialog zwischen Theorie und Daten (Vol. 11), Campus Verlag. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Gunther, Richard, and Diamond, Larry 2003: Species of Political Parties: A New Typology, in: Party politics 9(2): 167–99. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Habibi, Abdulhai 1984: Afghan Constitutional Movements, Government Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Halliday, Fred, and Tanin, Zahir 1998: The Communist Regime in Afghanistan 1978–1992: Institutions and Conflicts, in: Europe-Asia Studies 50.8: 1357-1380. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Haqqani, Husain 2007: Afghanistan’s Islamist Groups, in: Current Trends in Islamist Ideology 5: 70–82. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Harmel, Robert, and Robertson, John 1985: Formation and Success of New Parties: A Cross-National Analysis, in: International Political Science Review, 6(4): 501-523. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Harpviken, Kristian Berg 1997: Transcending Traditionalism: The Emergence of Non-State Military Formations in Afghanistan, in: Journal of Peace Research 34(3): 271–87. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Hug, Simon 2000: Studying the Electoral Success of New Political Parties: a Methodological Note, in: Party Politics, 6(2), 187-197. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2001: Altering Party Systems: Strategic Behavior and the Emergence of New Political Parties in Western Democracies, University of Michigan Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ICG-Report. 2003. Disarmament and Reintegration in Afghanistan, in: International Crisis Group Asia Report N°65. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ishiyama, John 2016: Introduction to the Special Issue “From Bullets to Ballots: The Transformation of Rebel Groups into Political Parties”, in: Democratization, vol. 23:6; 969-971. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ishiyama, John, and Batta, Anna 2011: Swords into plowshares: The organizational transformation of rebel groups into political parties, in: Communist and post-communist studies, 44(4), 369-379. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Janda, Kenneth 1970: A Conceptual Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Political Parties, in: Comparative Politics Series.Vol.1. SN.:01-002. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Jarstad, Anna K. 2008: Dilemmas of war-to-democracy transitions: theories and concepts; in: Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Jarstad, Anna K. and Sisk, Timothy D. 2008: From War to Democracy: Dilemmas of Peacebuilding, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Johnson, Thomas H. 2006a: Afghanistan’s Post-Taliban Transition: The State of State-Building after War, in: Central Asian Survey 25(1–2): 1–26. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2006b: Democratic Nation Building in the Arc of Crisis: The Case of the Presidential Election in Afghanistan, in: Critical Issues Facing the Middle East, Springer, 125–46. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Johnson, Thomas H. and DuPee, Matthew C. 2012: Analysing the New Taliban Code of Conduct (Layeha): An Assessment of Changing Perspectives and Strategies of the Afghan Taliban, in: Central Asian Survey 31(1): 77–91. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Johnson, Thomas H. and Mason, Chris M. 2007: Understanding the Taliban and Insurgency in Afghanistan, in Orbis 51(1): 71–89. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Kaiser, Robert 2014: Qualitative Experteninterviews, Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Kakar, M. Hassan 1995: Afghanistan, University of California Press Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Karp, Craig M. 1986: The War in Afghanistan, in: Foreign Affairs 64(5): 1026-1047. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Katz, Richard 2005: Party in Democratic Theory, in: Handbook of Party Politics, eds. Katz, Richard S., and William S. Crotty. Sage.: 34-46 Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Katz, Richard and Mair, Peter (Eds.) 1994: How Parties Organize: Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies, Sage. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1995: Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party, in: Party Politics, 1(1), 5-28. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Katz, Richard and William J. Crotty (Eds) 2006: Handbook of Party Politics, Sage. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2006: Introduction; in: Handbook of Party Politics, eds. Katz, Richard and Crotty, William, Sage:1-4. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Katzman, Kenneth 2006: Afghanistan: elections, constitution, and government, CRS Report for Congress, in: Defense Technical Information Center. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Khalilzad, Zalmay 1995: Afghanistan in 1994: Civil War and Disintegration, in: Asian Survey 35(2): 147–52. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Kirchheimer, Otto 1965: Der Wandel des westeuropäischen Parteisystems, in: Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 6(1): 20-41 Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Kitschelt, Herbert and Wilkinson, Steven (Eds.) 2007: Citizen-politician linkages: an introduction. Patrons, clients, and policies: Patterns of democratic accountability and political competition, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Klapdor, Dominik 2009: From Rebels to Politicians: Explaining Rebel to Party Transformations After Civil War: The case of Nepal, in: Working Paper Series, No.09-94. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Kushkaky, Sabahuddin 1986: The Constitutional Decade: The Afghans' Neglect and the Russians' Opportunism, Shura-e saqfaty-e Jahad-e Afghanistan, Peshawar. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Lago, Ignacio and Martínez, Fabra 2011: Why New Parties?, in: Party Politics, 17(1): 3-20 Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2015: Political Parties and Political Development (SPD-6), Princeton University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Lane, Jan-Erik and Pennings, Paul (Eds.) 1998a: Comparing party system change, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1998b: Introduction, in: Comparing Party System Change, eds. Lane, Jan-Erik, and Paul Pennings. Routledge: 1-18. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- LaPalombara, Joseph, and Weiner, Myron (Eds) 1969a: Political Parties and Political Development, Princeton University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1969b: The Origin and Development of Political Parties, in: Political Parties and Political Development, eds. LaPalombara, Joseph, and Myron Weiner. Princeton University Press: 3-39. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Larson, Anna 2015: Political Parties in Afghanistan, in: US Institute of Peace Special Report, N. 362. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Lister, Sarah 2009: Changing the Rules? State-Building and Local Government in Afghanistan, in: The Journal of Development Studies 45(6): 990–1009. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ludin, Qaseem 2019: How Peace Was Made: An Inside Account of Talks Between the Afghan Government and Hezb-e Islami, in: United States Institute of Peace. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Lyons, Terrence 2004: Post-conflict Elections and the Process of Demilitarizing Politics: The Role of Electoral Administration, in: Democratization, 11(3): 36-62. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Maaß, Citha, D 2006: National Reconciliation in Afghanistan: Conflict History and the Search for an Afghan Approach, in: Internationales Asienforum 36(1/2), 5. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- MacAlister, Adam 2011: Unnecessary Evil: The Necessary Exclusion of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, in: Samall Wars Journal. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2013: ‘Hybrid Statebuilding’. In New Agendas in Statebuilding, Routledge: 23–41.s.o. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Mackenzie, Richard 1988: The Afghan War, in: Air Force Magazine 9: 150–53. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Mair, Peter 2002: Comparing party systems, in: Comparing democracies, 2: 88-107 Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1994: Party Organizations: From Civil Society to the State, in: How Parties Organize: Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies, eds. Katz, Richard, and Peter Mair. Sage: 1-20. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Mair, Peter, Müller, Woflgang, and Plasser, Fritz 2004: One introduction: electoral challenges and party responses. Political parties and electoral change: Party responses to electoral markets, Sage. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Majroh, Shamsuddin 2012: My Life, in: Afghanistan Times. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Malejacq, Romain AA. 2020: Conclusion: Beyond Warlord Survival, in: Warlord Survival, Cornell University Press: 161–74. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Maley, William 1993: The Future of Islamic Afghanistan, in: Security Dialogue 24(4): 383–96. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2020: The Afghanistan Wars, Bloomsbury Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2013: Statebuilding in Afghanistan: Challenges and Pathologies, in: Central Asian Survey 32(3): 255–70. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Maor, Moshe 1997: Political Parties and Party Systems: Comparative Approaches and the British Experience, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Marsden, Peter 1998: The Taliban: War, Religion and the New Order in Afghanistan, Palgrave Macmillan. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Marshall, Michael Christopher and Ishiyama, John 2016: Does Political Inclusion of Rebel Parties Promote Peace after Civil Conflict?, in: Democratization 23(6): 1009–1025. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Metge, Pierre 1985: Die Sowjetunion in Afghanistan: von der Zusammenarbeit zur Besetzung; 1947 bis 1986, in: Militärpolitik 45/46=Jg.9. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Milani, Mohsen M. 2006: Iran’s Policy towards Afghanistan, in: The Middle East Journal 60(2): 235–279. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Misdaq, Nabi 2006: Afghanistan: Political frailty and external interference, Routledge Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Morlok, Martin 2018: Demokratie und Wahlen, in: Politik als rechtlich geordneter Prozess, Nomos: 11–78. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Muirhead, Russell 2006: A Defense of Party Spirit, in: Perspectives on Politics, 4(4): 713-727. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2014: The Promise of Party in a Polarized Age, Harvard University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Mukhopadhyay, Dipali 2009: Disguised Warlordism and Combatanthood in Balkh: The Persistence of Informal Power in the Formal Afghan State, in: Conflict, Security & Development 9(4): 535–64. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2014: Warlords, strongman governors, and the state in Afghanistan, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Muradi, Saheb Nazar 2015: Afghanistan During the 20th Century: From Abdurrahman to Hamid Karzai, Saeed publisher, Iran. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Murphy, Eamon, and Malik, Ahmad Rashid 2009: Pakistan Jihad: The Making of Religious Terrorism, in: IPRI Journal 1(2): 17–19. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Na, N. Wee 2018: Opium Production and Countering Terrorism Financing in Afghanistan: Lessons from Thailand’s Royal Projects, in: Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 10(2): 1-5. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Najibullah, Heela 2017: Reconciliation and Social Healing in Afghanistan: A Transrational and Elicitive Analysis Towards Transformation, Springer. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Niedermayer, Oskar (Ed.) 2013a: Handbuch Parteienforschung, Springer. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2013b: Die Analyse einzelner Parteien, in: Handbuch Parteienforschung, eds. Niedermayer, Oskar. Springer: 61-79. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2013c: Die Analyse von Parteiensystemen, in: Handbuch Parteienforschung, eds. Niedermayer, Oskar. Springer: 83-116 Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ollapally, Deepa M. 2003: Unfinished Business in Afghanistan: Warlordism, Reconstruction, and Ethnic Harmony, in: United States Institute of Peace. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ordeshook, Peter, and Shvetsova, Olga V. 1994: Ethnic heterogeneity, district magnitude, and the number of parties, in: American journal of political science, Band (Heft): 100-123. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ostrogorskij, Moisej J. 1902: Democracy and the organization of political parties: The United States (Vol. 2). Transaction Publishers. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Özerdem, Alpaslan 2002: Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Afghanistan: Lessons Learned from a Cross-Cultural Perspective, in: Third world quarterly, 23(5): 961-975. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Paktin, Raz Muhammad 2015: Afghanistan after World War II, Danish publisher, Kabul. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Panjsheri, Dastgeer 1999: The rise and fall of "People, Democratic Party of Afghanistan", Afghan Press Center, Peshawar. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Pedersen, Mogens N. 1982: Towards a new typology of party lifespans and minor parties, in: Scandinavian political studies, 5(1): 1-16. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ponzio, Richard J. 2007: Transforming Political Authority: UN Democratic Peacebuilding in Afghanistan, in: Global Governance, vol. 13, No.2, 255-275. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Qazi, Shehzad 2010: The ‘Neo-Taliban’ and Counterinsurgency in Afghanistan, in: Third World Quarterly, 31(3): 485-499. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Rashid, Ahmed 1999: The Taliban: Exporting Extremism, in: Foreign Affairs Band: 22–35. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2010: Taliban: The Power of Militant Islam in Afghanistan and Beyond, Bloomsbury Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Reilly, Benjamin 2008: Post-War Elections: Uncertain Turning Points of Transition, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Reilly, Ben, Norlund, P. and Newman, Edward 2008: Political Parties in Conflict-Prone Societies: Regulation, Engineering and Democratic Development, in: United Nations University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Reshtia, Said Qasem 1997: The Political Memories of Sayed Qassem Reshtia: From 1932 to 1992, Afghan Press Center, Peshawar. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Reuveny, Rafael and Prakash, Aseem 1999: The Afghanistan War and the Breakdown of the Soviet Union, in: Review of International Studies 25(4): 693–708. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Richardson, Bradley 2001: Japan’s “1955 System” and beyond, in: Political Parties and Democracy, eds. Diamond, Larry, and Richard Gunther. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 143-166. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Richmond, Oliver 2014: Failed Statebuilding, Yale University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Riphenburg, Carol J. 2007: Electoral systems in a divided society: The case of Afghanistan, in: British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 34(1): 1-21. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Roumanias, Costas, Skouras, Spyros, and Christodoulakis, Nicos 2020: Crisis and extremism. How does an extreme far right emerge in a modern democracy? Evidence from Greece’s Golden Dawn, in: Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties (Band?): 1-22. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Roy, Olivier 1984: The Origins of the Islamist Movement in Afghanistan, in: Central Asian Survey 3(2): 117–27. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1990: Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2002: Islamic Radicalism in Afghanistan and Pakistan, CNR, Paris. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Rubin, Barnett R. 2006: Peace Building and State-Building in Afghanistan: Constructing Sovereignty for Whose Security?, in: Third World Quarterly 27(1): 175–85. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1999: Afghanistan under the Taliban, in: Current History, 98(625), 79-91. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1992: The Fragmentation of Afghanistan: State Formation and Collapse in the International System, Yale University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Rubin, Barnett R. and Gagnon, Georgette 2016: The US Presence and Afghanistan’s National Unity Government: Preserving and Broadening the Political Settlement, in: New York Center on International Cooperation. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Rufyikiri, Gervais 2017: The Post-Wartime Trajectory of CNDD-FDD Party in Burundi: A Façade Transformation of Rebel Movement to Political Party, in: Civil Wars 19(2): 220–48. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Rustow, Dankwart A. 1968: The Development of Parties in Turkey, in: Political Parties and Political Development, eds. LaPalombara, Joseph, and Myron Weiner, Princeton University Press: 107–134. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Sahar, Arif 2014: Ethnicizing Masses in Post-Bonn Afghanistan: The Case of the 2004 and 2009 Presidential Elections, in: Asian Journal of Political Science 22(3): 289–314. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Saikal, Amin 2012: Afghanistan: The status of the Shi'ite Hazara minority, in: Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 32(1): 80-87. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Samuels, Kirsti 2009: Postwar Constitution Building: Opportunities and challenges, in: The dilemmas of statebuilding: confronting the contradictions of postwar peace operations, eds. Paris, Roland, and Sisk, Timothy D., Routledge: 173-195. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Sartori, Giovanni 1976: Parties and party systems: A framework for analysis, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Schetter, Conrad 2005: Ethnoscapes, National Territorialisation, and the Afghan War, in: Geopolitics 10 (1): 50–75. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Schmeidl, Susanne. 2016: The contradictions of democracy in Afghanistan: elites, elections and ‘people’s rule’post-2001, in: Conflict, Security & Development, 16(6), 575-594. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Sharan, Timor 2011: The Dynamics of Elite Networks and Patron–Client Relations in Afghanistan, in: Europe-Asia Studies, 63(6): 1109-1127. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Sharan, Timor and Bose, Sirnjoy 2016: Political networks and the 2014 Afghan presidential election: power restructuring, ethnicity and state stability, in: Conflict, Security & Development, 16(6), 613-633. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Shefayee, Amanullah 2017: Leftism in Afghanistan: An Analysis of the Records of Marxists-Leninists, Andesha Publisher, Kabul. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Siddiqi, Ismail M. 1989: Afghan conflicts and Soviet intervention-perception, reality and resolution, in: GeoJournal, 18(2): 123-132. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Simonsen, Sven Gunnar 2004: Ethnicising Afghanistan?: Inclusion and Exclusion in Post-Bonn Institution Building, in: Third World Quarterly 25(4): 707–29. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Sindre, Gyda M. 2019: Adapting to Peacetime Politics? Rebranding and Ideological Change in Former Rebel Parties, in: Government and opposition 54(3): 485–512. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Sindre, Gyda M. 2016: Internal Party Democracy in Former Rebel Parties, in: Party Politics 22(4): 501–11. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Sindre, Gyda M. and Söderström, Johanna 2016: Understanding Armed Groups and Party Politics, in: Civil Wars 18(2): 109–17. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Smith, Shane A. 2014: Afghanistan after the Occupation: Examining the Post-Soviet Withdrawal and the Najibullah Regime It Left Behind, 1989–1992, in: The Historian 76(2): 308–343. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Söderlund, Peter 2008: Retrospective voting and electoral volatility: A Nordic perspective, in: Scandinavian Political Studies, 31(2): 217-240. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Srivastava, Mahavir P. 1980: Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, Ess Ess Publications, New Dehli. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Steinberg, Guido, and Wörmer, Nils 2013: Exploring Iran & Saudi Arabia’s Interests in Afghanistan & Pakistan: Stakeholders or Spoilers-A Zero Sum Game; in Barcelona Center for International Affairs. Part 1:12. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Stenersen, Anne 2010: The Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan-organization, leadership and worldview, in; Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, Report no. 2010/00359. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Stewart, Malcolm 2019: Afghanistan’s Opium Economy, in: Undergraduate Journal of Political Science, 16: 57. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Strøm, Kaare 2000: Parties at the Core of Government, in: In Parties Without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, eds. Dalton, Russell. J., Martin Wattenberg. Oxford University Press: 180-207. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Strøm, Kaare and Svåsand, Lars (Eds.) 1997: Challenges to Political Parties: The Case of Norway, University of Michigan Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Suhrke, Astri, Kristian Harpviken, Berg, and Strand, Arne 2004: Conflictual peacebuilding: Afghanistan two years after Bonn, in: Chr. Michelsen Institute, Report. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Suhrke, Astri 2007: Reconstruction as Modernisation: the ‘Post-Conflict’ Project in Afghanistan, in: Third World Quarterly, 28(7): 1291-1308. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Suryadinata, Leo 2007: The decline of the Hegemonic Party System in Indonesia: Golkar after the fall of Soeharto, in: Contemporary Southeast Asia, Band (Heft): 333-358. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Tanin, Zahir 2004: Afghanistan Dar Qarni Bestum, 1900-1996 (Afghanistan during the Twentieth Century, 1900-1996), Ebrahim Shariati Publisher, Tehran. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Tarzi, Shah M. 1991: Politics of the Afghan Resistance Movement: Cleavages, Disunity, and Fragmentation, in: Asian Survey 31(6): 479–95. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Tavits, Margit 2006: Party System Change: Testing a Model of New Party Entry, in: Party Politics, 12(1): 99-119. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Tchalakov, Mara 2013: The Northern Alliance Prepares for Afghan Elections in 2014, in: The Institute for the Study of War, Report. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Thier, Alexander and Chopra, Jarat 2002a: The road ahead: political and institutional reconstruction in Afghanistan, in: Third World Quarterly, 23(5): 893-907. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2002b: Considerations for political and institutional reconstruction in Afghanistan, in: The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 8(2), 43-59. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Tiwari, Smita 2016: Understanding Taliban and the Peace Process, in: Indian Council of World Affairs, Issue Brief. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Urban, Mark 1988: War in Afghanistan, The Machmillan Press LTD, London Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Biezen, van I., Mair, Peter, and Poguntke, Thomas. 2012: Going, going,... gone? The decline of party membership in contemporary Europe, in: European journal of political research, 51(1), 24-56. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Wardak, Ali 2004: Building a post-war justice system in Afghanistan, in: Crime, Law and Social Change, 41, 319-341. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Watanyar, Wahid 2022: Contingency, inclusion, and democracy: A critical analysis of Jamyat-e-Islami in the Afghan state-building process, ibn The Effects of Rebel Parties on Governance, Democracy and Stability after Civil Wars, eds. Ishiyama, John, and Sindre, Gyda M., Routledge: 225-237. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Weber, Max 1919: Geistige Arbeit als Beruf: vier Vorträge vor dem Freistudentischen Bund; 2. Vortrag: Politik als Beruf. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Weinbaum, Marvin G. 1972: Afghanistan: Nonparty Parliamentary Democracy, in: The Journal of Developing Areas 7(1): 57–74. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———1991: War and peace in Afghanistan: The Pakistani role, in: Middle East Journal, 45(1), 71-85. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Weinberg, Leonar 2009: Political Parties and Terrorist Groups. 2nd ed, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- White, John Kenneth 2005: What Is a Political Party?, in: Handbook of Party Politics, eds. Katz, Richard S., and William J. Crotty. Sage: 5-15. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Whiteley, Paul F. 2011: Is the Party Over? The Decline of Party Activism and Membership Across the Democratic World, in: Party Politics, 17(1): 21-44. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Wiesendahl, Elmar 1980: Parteien und Demokratie: Eine soziologische Analyse paradigmatischer Ansätze der Parteienforschung, in: Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Wilke, Boris 2004: Staatsbildung in Afghanistan? Zwischenbilanz der internationalen Präsenz am Hindukusch, in: SWP, Research Report. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Williams, Brain Glyn 2007: Writing the Dostum name: Field Research With an Uzbek Warlord in Afghan Turkistan, in: Publication of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, 6(1/2): 2. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2008: Dostum: Afghanistan’s Embattled Warlord, in: Terrorism Monitor,7: 1-4. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2010: General Dostum and the Mazar i Sharif Campaign: new light on the role of Northern Alliance warlords in Operation Enduring Freedom, in: Small Wars & Insurgencies, 21(4), 610-632. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Wimmer, Andreas, and Conrad Schetter. 2002. State-Formation First: Recommendations for Reconstruction and Peace-Making in Afghanistan. ZEF Discussion Papers on Development Policy. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2003: Putting State-Formation First: Some Recommendations for Reconstruction and Peace-Making in Afghanistan, in: Journal of International Development: The Journal of the Development Studies Association 15(5): 525–39. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Wissendahl, Elmar 2013: Parteienforschung im Rahmen der Sozialwissenschaften, in: Handbuch Parteienforschung, ed. Niedermayer, Oskar, Springer: 13-59. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Wolinetz, Steven 2005: Party Systems and Party System Types, in: Handbook of Party Politics, eds. Katz, Richard S., and William Crotty. Sage: 51-62. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Wolkenstein, Fabio 2013: Drei Funktionen politischer Parteien in repräsentativen Demokratien, in: Momentum Quarterly – Zeitschrift für sozialen Fortschritt, 2(2): 92-107. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Internetquellen Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Afsar, Shahid, Chris, Samples, and Wood, Thomas 2008: The Taliban: An Organizational Analysis, in: Military Review, 88(3), 58-73 https://bit.ly/3Lcc4vl (20.06.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ariana News 2018: Head of Hezb-e-Islami Reacts to Hekmatyar’s Decision, in: https://ariananews.af/head-of-hezb-e-islami-reacts-to-hekmatyars-decision/ (20. 07. 2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- BBC Farsi. 2019. انشعاب شماری از 'اعضای ارشد' حزب اسلامی حکمتیار. https://bbc.in/3k7oQON (20.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Berman, Eli, Michael J. Callen, Clark Gibson, and James D. Long 2014. Election Fairness and Government Legitimacy in Afghanistan, in: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1-50 https://tinyurl.com/29rtxb2c (26.09.2023). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Bijlert, Martine van 2009a: How to Win an Afghan Election’. Afghanistan Analysts Network. shorturl.at/csKLT (20.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2009b: Polling Day Fraud in the Afghan Elections’. Afghanistan Analysts Network. shorturl.at/ghvDQ (20.07. 2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Clark, K. 2013: A Leader Apologises: General Dostum, elections and war crimes, in: Afghanistan Analyst Network, 1-5. https://bit.ly/3lKafIH (20.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Dupree, Louis 1979: Afghanistan under the Khalq, in: https://bit.ly/3tzPQJQ (14.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ebrahimi, Naimatullah 2013: Afghanistan's Islamic Unity Party, twenty years after the death of its first leader, in: Etilaat Roz. https://bit.ly/2XcMhOb (12.09.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Fox, David 2009: Exiled Afghan general Dostum returns as vote looms, in: Reuters. https://reut.rs/3CIyptN (15.09.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Giustozzi, A. 2010: Don’t Call That World a World, in: Afghanistan Analysts Network. https://bit.ly/3zCCM83 (20.09.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2017: Afghanistan: Taliban’s organization and structure, in: Landinfo Bericht, https://bit.ly/3C3UBhO (20.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- International Criminal Court 2016: Report on Preliminary Examination Activities, in: https://bit.ly/2Y6Wvji (29.09.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Lutfi, Zuhara 2021: Afghanistan and PDPA. An Interview with BBC-Farsi. https://bit.ly/3lj4uBF (30.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Malejacq, Romain AA 2015: Warlords and the Coalition in Afghanistan, in: Mattox, G.A.; Grenier, S.M. (ed.), Coalition Challenges in Afghanistan: The Politics of Alliance, pp. 31-44 https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/149817 (01.08. 2023) Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Minority Rights Group International 2021. Afghanistan: https://minorityrights.org/country/afghanistan/ (25.08.2023). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Mashal, Mujib 2018: ‘‘No Shame’: Afghan General’s Victory Lap Stuns a Victim of Rape, in: The New York Times. https://nyti.ms/2XKPuop (15.09.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- National Democratic Institute (NDI) 2011: Political Parties in Afghanistan: A Review of the State of Political Parties after the 2009 and 2010 Elections. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Nordland, R. 2014: Afghan Presidential Rivals Finally Agree on Power-Sharing Deal, in: The New York Times, A13-L Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Osman, Borhan 2013: Adding the Ballot to the Bullet? Hezb-e Islami in Transition: https://bit.ly/3k6sHvB (14.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2017: Charismatic, Absolutist, Divisive: Hekmatyar and the impact of his return, in: Afghanistan Analysts Network (July 20, 2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Rondeaux, C. 2008: Afghan Rebel positioned for key role, in: The Washington Post. shorturl.at/gqBM2 (20.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Ruttig, Thomas 2017: Atta for President” Again? The Struggle for the Afghan Presidency and Jamiat’s Leadership, in: Afghanistan Analysts Network (20.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2016: In Search of a Peace Process: A ‘New’ HPC and an Ultimatum for the Taleban, in: Afghanistan Analysts Network (20.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2014: Bomb and Ballot: The Many Strands and Tactics of Hezb-e Islami, in: Afghanistan Analysts Network (20.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2013a: Still Temporary and Exclusive: A new leadership for Jamiat, in: In Afghanistan Analysts Network (20.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ——— 2013b: New Trouble in the Jombesh: Dostum reasserts leadership, in: Afghanistan Analysts Network (20.07.2021) Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2012: Flash to the Past: Power Play before the 2002 Emergency Loya Jirga, in: Afghan Analysts Network 27. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2008: Afghanistan-Institutionen ohne Demokratie: strukturelle Schwächen des Staatsaufbaus und Ansätze für eine politische Stabilisierung: https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/24886 (20.07.2021) Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- ———2006: Islamists, Leftists–and a Void in the Center: Afghanistan’s Political Parties and Where They Come from (1902-2006), in: shorturl.at/iBDV8 (20.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Shalizi, Hamid 2008: Afghan police surround warlord Dostum's house’. In Reuters. https://reut.rs/3hYO9AY (15.08.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Sharifi, M. Ali 2019: Idiocy motives among Shia groups in Afghanistan. In Jamia- Al- Musatfa, Al- Alamia: http://journals.miu.ac.ir/article_4428.html (20.07.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Suroush, Qayoom 2014: Elections 2014 (11): How the Hazaras voted in Bamyan, in: Afghanistan Analysts Networks. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction Reports (SIGAR, 2016) https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/2016-10-30qr.pdf (01.05.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction Reports (SIGAR, 2014) https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/2014jan30qr.pdf (01.05.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction Reports (SIGAR, 2013). https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/2013-10-30qr.pdf (01.05.2021). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- The Taliban Sources Projects, 2020: Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages, University of Oslo: https://bit.ly/3qJZfSc ( 15.08 2023). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2017. United Nations publication, Sales No. E.17.XI.6. ( 15.08 2023) Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748932468





