Environmental Justice in Türkiye and Germany

Prof. Dr. Silke Ruth Laskowski

doi:10.5771/9783845282930

Summary

This volume offers a comprehensive comparative legal analysis of environmental justice in Germany and Turkey. Contributions from renowned scholars analyse the key challenges facing environmental and climate protection law in both countries and place them in the context of current legal policy developments. The focus is on the requirements of sustainable transformation law in view of global ecological limits. The combination of environmental law, climate protection law and legal policy perspectives makes this work a well-founded reference for academic debate on issues of ecological justice.

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Bibliographic data

Publication year: 2025
Publication date: 14.12.2025
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-4008-6
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-8293-0
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 343
Product type: Edited Book

1. Preface No access
2. Accompanying notes No access
1. Silke Ruth Laskowski
  1. I. Introduction No access
  2. 1. 1. Climate Change and Climate Justice No access
    2. 2. Triple Planetary Crisis in the Anthropocene No access
  3. 1. 1. Brundtland Report (1987), UNCED in Rio de Janeiro (1992) and the “Three Pillars” No access
    2. 1. a. Eco-social approach No access
      2. b. State Responsibility No access
      3. c. Legal significance? No access
    3. 1. a. Normative implementation No access
      2. b. International Jurisdiction No access
      3. c. Normative core No access
  4. 1. 1. Climate Protection Law No access
    2. 2. ICJ Advisory Opinion Request 2023 – States´ obligations on climate change No access
    3. 3. ITLOS Advisory Opinion 2024 – States´ obligations on climate change No access
    4. 1. a. UN Human Right Covenants No access
      2. b. African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights No access
      3. c. American Convention on Human Rights and San Salvador Additional Protocol No access
      4. d. European Convention on Human Rights No access
    5. 1. a. Admissibility of the action No access
      2. b. Merits of the action No access
    6. 6. Other European Courts – Climate lawsuits on effective climate protection No access
    7. 7. Conclusion No access
  5. V. Sustainable and Just Transformation Law No access
  6. VI. Summery and Outlook No access
2. Adviye Damla Ünlü
  1. 1. A. Evolution of the Environmental Justice Concept No access
    2. B. European Approach to the Environmental Justice No access
    3. C. European Union and Environmental Justice No access
    4. D. Conclusions No access
  2. Bibliography No access
1. Verda Neslihan Akün
  1. 1. 1. a. Groundwater No access
        b. Surface Water No access
        c. Coastal water No access
        d. Basic Standards of The Surface Water No access
    2. B. International Law of The Sea and Protection of Marine Environment No access
    3. 1. a. The Main National Authorities and Institutions Related With The Protection of Coastal Waters of Turkey No access
      2. a. Turkish Legislation Related to Turkish Coastal Waters No access
        b. Marine Protection under The Turkish Code on Environment (1983) No access
        c. The Code Pertaining to Principles of Emergency Response and Compensation for Damages in Pollution of Marine Enviroment by Oil and Other Harmful Substances (2005) No access
        d. The Regulation on the Control over the Water Pollution (2004) No access
  2. II. Further Remarks about the Protection Marine Environment of EU and Turkey at Regional Level and European Policies No access
  3. III. Final Remarks No access
  4. Bibliography No access
2. Elif Başkaracaoğlu
  1. I. Introduction No access
  2. II. Organisational Structure No access
  3. III. WFD and Turkish Legislation No access
  4. IV. River Basin Management No access
  5. V. Conclusions No access
  6. Bibliography No access
3. Nebile Pelin Mantı
  1. 1. A. Developing Legal Framework for Biodiversity Protection No access
    2. 1. 1. Turkey`s Efforts for SPAs No access
      2. 2. Gökçeada No access
      3. 3. Datça-Bozburun Specially Protected Area No access
    3. C. Conclusion No access
1. Kutluhan Bozkurt
  1. I. Introduction No access
  2. II. Global Warming and Climate Change No access
  3. III. The Link Between Carbon-Based Energy as well as Its Production and Global Warming No access
  4. IV. Climate Change and Turkey No access
  5. 1. 1.The EU and EU Law Aspect No access
    2. 2. International Law Aspect No access
    3. 3. Case Law Aspect No access
  6. VI. Conclusion No access
  7. References No access
2. Ayşe Yasemin Aydoğmuş Giroldi
  1. 1. 1. 1. Concept of Climate Change No access
      2. a. International Organizations and Conventions No access
        b. Examples of Countries Suffering From Climate Change No access
      3. 3. An Important Outcome of Climate Change: Human Mobility and Climate Refugees No access
    2. 1. a. 1951 Convention Relating to The Status of Refugees No access
        b. 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees No access
        c. Law on Foreigners and International Protection Numbered 6458 No access
      2. 2. Who Is A Climate Refugee and What Are The Differences Between Climate Refugees and Other Refugees No access
      3. 3. Status and Rights of Climate Refugees in Turkey No access
    3. C. Conclusion No access
  2. Bibliography No access
3. Nuray Ekşi
  1. 1. A. Environmentally-Displaced Persons in General No access
    2. B. International Treaties Fail to Provide Specific Protection for Environmentally Displaced Persons No access
  2. 1. 1. 1. The Reasons Behind Drafting the Convention No access
      2. 2. General Structure of the Convention No access
      3. 3. Scope of the Convention No access
      4. 4. Fundamental Principles of the Convention No access
      5. 5. Reservations and Entry into Force No access
      6. 6. Non-Effectiveness Clause of the Convention No access
    2. 1. 1. Rights Guaranteed to Persons Threatened with Displacement No access
      2. 2. Rights Guaranteed to Displaced Persons No access
    3. C. Procedure to Claim the Status of an Environmentally-Displaced Person No access
    4. D. Termination of the Status of Environmental Displaced Person No access
    5. E. Institution Created by the Convention No access
    6. 1. 1. Cooperation No access
      2. 2. Bi-lateral or Regional Agreements No access
      3. 3. National Implementation Reports No access
  3. Conclusion No access
  4. Bibliography No access
4. Nuray Ekşi
  1. Abbreviations No access
  2. I. The Concept of “Climate Refugees” No access
  3. II. No Adequate Protection for Climate Refugees under National Laws No access
  4. 1. A. No Protection under 1951 Geneva Convention for Climate Refugees No access
    2. B. No Protection under the 1984 Convention against Torture and 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights No access
    3. C. No Protection under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol No access
    4. D. Implications of Climate Change for the Enjoyment of Human Rights under the ECHR No access
  5. IV. Proposed Solutions for Protection of Climate Refugees No access
  6. V. Conclusion No access
  7. Bibliography No access
1. Melis Avşar
  1. 1. A. An Overview of Bilateral Investment Treaty No access
    2. 1. 1. An Overview No access
      2. 2. Position of Turkey No access
      3. 3. Aims of Regulation Regarding Environmental Protection in the BITs No access
      4. 4. Limits of the State’s Right to Make Regulations on Environmental Protection No access
    3. C. Conclustions No access
  2. Bibliography No access
2. Miray Azaklı Köse
  1. 1. A. Environmental Clauses in International Investment and Free Trade Agreements No access
    2. B. Jurisprudence of Investment Tribunals on Environmental Issues No access
    3. C. Conclusion No access
  2. Bibliography No access
3. Nebile Pelin Mantı
  1. 1. A. A Framework for Mega Projects: No access
    2. 1. 1. The Law of Mega Projects No access
      2. 2. Istanbul and Urban Transformation No access
      3. 3. Istanbul`s Third Airport No access
      4. 4. Canal Istanbul Project No access
      5. 5. Istanbul Airport Project No access
      6. 6. Environmental Protection and The Rule of Law in Turkey No access
  2. C. Conclusion No access
1. Özge Yıldız Hakkakul
  1. Introduction No access
  2. A. The Concept of Just Transition No access
  3. B. The Approach of the ILO and the EU No access
  4. 1. 1. Unemployment Insurance No access
    2. 2. Training and Skills Development No access
    3. 3. Pension No access
    4. 4. Occupational Health and Safety No access
    5. 5. Collective Voice No access
  5. Conclusion No access
2. Ayşe Nur Tütüncü
  1. 1. A. Accession Procedure to the European Union No access
    2. B. Historical Background of Turkey’s Accession Process No access
    3. 1. 1. The Legal and Institutional Structure No access
      2. 2. Factors Affecting the Formation of Environmental Law in Turkey No access
      3. 3. The European Union Factor No access
      4. 4. Relations with International Organizations No access
      5. 5. The Influence of NGO`s in the Formation of National Policies No access
      6. 6. Contemporary Practice of Turkey Relating to International Environmental Law No access
    4. D. Conclusion No access
3. Galip Engin Şimşek
  1. 1. A. General Outlines oft he Draft Law No access
    2. B. Analysis of Articles No access
    3. C. Turkish Constitutional Court`s Relevant Case Law No access
    4. D. Conclusion No access
4. Maximilian Schmidt
  1. 1. 1. 1. International law No access
      2. 2. European law No access
      3. 3. German law No access
    2. 1. 1. Restrictions of environmental organisations’ right of legal standing No access
      2. 2. Minimum number of members for environmental organisations No access
      3. 3. Reintroduction of substantive preclusion No access
    3. C. Conclusion No access
5. Serpil Işık
  1. I. Introduction No access
  2. 1. A. Generally No access
    2. 1. 1. Mediation No access
      2. 2. Negotiation No access
      3. 3. Consultation No access
      4. 4. Conciliation No access
      5. 5. Fact-Finding No access
    3. 1. 1. Arbitration No access
      2. 2. Judicial Settlement No access
    4. 1. 1. The Concept of Enforcement in International Environmental Law No access
      2. a. Enforcement by states No access
        b. Enforcement by International Organisations No access
        c. Enforcement by Non-State Actors No access
        d. Enforcement in the Domestic Courts No access
    5. E. International Environmental Law Enforcement Mechanisms: Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs): No access
  3. Bibliography No access
6. Canberk Kurugöllü
  1. 1. 1. a. 1961 Constitution of Türkiye No access
        b. 1982 Constitution of Türkiye No access
        c. International Legal Framework for Türkiye No access
        d. An Essential Protection: European Convention on Human Rights No access
        e. Other International Treaties Which Türkiye is Party to No access
      2. a. Code of Environment as the Basis Legislative Norm No access
        b. Turkish Penal Code and Code of Misdemeanor No access
        c. Private Law: Turkish Civil Code and Code of Obligations No access
        d. Provisions on the Environmental Liability Set Forth by Other Codes No access
        e. Regulations and Other Judicial Arrangements No access
    2. 1. 1. Right of P etition, Right to I nformation, and A ppeal to the Ombudsperson No access
      2. 2. Application to Administrative Jurisdiction No access
    3. C. Conclusion No access
7. Ayşe Ledün Akdeniz
  1. 1. The Green New Concepts on the Market No access
  2. 2. Defining Green Jobs in ILO and EU No access
  3. 3. How to Approach Green Jobs? No access
  4. 4. Position of Türkiye No access
  5. 5. Conclusions No access
  6. Bibliography No access