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Regulation of Sexualized Speech in Europe and the United States

Autor:innen:
Verlag:
 2016

Zusammenfassung

Über das Ideal der freien Meinungsäußerung kann sich schnell verständigt werden. Doch beim konkreten staatlichen Abwägen verschiedener Freiheitsrechte lässt sich dieses Ideal oft nicht aufrecht erhalten.

Das Werk untersucht, unter welchen Voraussetzungen es möglich ist, ein Gleichgewicht zwischen Meinungsfreiheit und dem Schutz anderer gesellschaftlicher Interessen zu schaffen. Oft scheinen Einschränkungen der Meinungsfreiheit durchaus gerechtfertigt, gerade dort, wo sexistische Sprache gebraucht wird. Wie Regierungen in einer vernetzten Welt auf diesen Konflikt reagieren, ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Untersuchung.

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Bibliographische Angaben

Auflage
1/2016
Copyrightjahr
2016
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-2554-0
ISBN-Online
978-3-8452-6660-2
Verlag
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe
Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies
Band
6
Sprache
Englisch
Seiten
762
Produkttyp
Monographie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Kein Zugriff 1 - 22
    1. I. Of What We Speak Kein Zugriff 23 - 28
    2. II. Why Study the Regulation of Speech: The Canary in a Coal Mine Kein Zugriff 28 - 36
      1. 1. Social Control as a paradigm of Criminal Law Kein Zugriff
      2. 2. Moral Panic and Social Control Kein Zugriff
      3. 3. Economic Status Quo Kein Zugriff
    4. IV. Road Map Kein Zugriff 40 - 43
        1. a) Early Years of the Republic to the Civil War Kein Zugriff
        2. b) The Comstock Era Kein Zugriff
        3. c) Re-examination of Speech: the Inter-War Period to the 1950s Kein Zugriff
        1. a) Roth v. United States (1957) Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Film Litigation Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) Print Litigation Kein Zugriff
        1. a) Miller v. California and Paris Adult Theatre v. Stanton (1973) Kein Zugriff
        2. b) Time, Place and Manner Restrictions Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Art Funding: Mapplethorpe, the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) Pornographic Music: Jell-O Biafra and As Nasty as We Wanna Be Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union (1997) and United States v. Playboy (2000) Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) American Civil Liberties Union v. Ashcroft (2002) Kein Zugriff
          3. cc) American Civil Liberties Union v. Ashcroft (Ashcroft II) (2004) Kein Zugriff
          4. dd) United States v. American Library Association (2003) Kein Zugriff
        3. c) Renewed Interest In Traditional Obscenity Prosecutions Kein Zugriff
      1. 1. Statutory Authority for Regulation of Child Pornography Kein Zugriff
        1. a) Ferber v. New York (1982) Kein Zugriff
        2. b) United States v. Dost and Wiegand / United States v. Knox (1986) Kein Zugriff
        3. c) Ohio v. Osborne (1990) Kein Zugriff
        4. d) United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc. (1994) Kein Zugriff
        5. e) Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition (2002) Kein Zugriff
        6. f) United States v. Williams (2008) Kein Zugriff
        7. g) United States v. Whorley (2008) Kein Zugriff
        1. a) Pacifica: Seven Dirty Words (1978) Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Act I: Fleeting Explicatives Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) Act II: Fleeting Nudity Kein Zugriff
        3. c) Sidestepping Pacifica: the Court rules in Fox v. FCC Kein Zugriff
      2. 2. Future of Broadcast Indecency Regulation Kein Zugriff
      1. 1. Introduction Kein Zugriff
      2. 2. Current Trends in the Courts Speech Jurisprudence Kein Zugriff
        1. a) American Bookseller Association v. Hudnut (1986) Kein Zugriff
        2. b) Canada: Regina v. Butler (1992) Kein Zugriff
      4. 4. Post Script Kein Zugriff
      1. 1. History Kein Zugriff
        1. a) European Convention on Human Rights – Article 10 Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Handyside v. The United Kingdom (1976) Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Lemon v. United Kingdom (1982) Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Otto-Preminger-Institut v. Austria (1994) Kein Zugriff
            3. (3) Wingrove v. United Kingdom (1996) Kein Zugriff
            4. (4) Choudhury v. United Kingdom (1991) Kein Zugriff
          3. cc) Müller v. Switzerland (1988) Kein Zugriff
          4. dd) Scherer v. Switzerland (1994) Kein Zugriff
          5. ee) Perrin v. The United Kingdom (2003) Kein Zugriff
          6. ff) Vereinigung Bildender Künstler v. Austria (2007) Kein Zugriff
          7. gg) Akdaş v. Turkey (2010) Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) O’ Carroll v. the United Kingdom (2005) Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) K.U. v. Finland (2008) Kein Zugriff
          9. ii) Post Script – Looking Forward: Mouvement Raëlien Suisse v. Switzerland (2012) Kein Zugriff
          10. jj) Further Post Script: the Pussy Riot Controversy Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) European Convention on Transfrontier Television (1989) Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) Cybercrime Convention (2001) Kein Zugriff
          3. cc) Convention on the Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (2007) Kein Zugriff
          4. dd) Conclusions on Council of Europe Measures Kein Zugriff
      3. 3. Impact of Council of Europe “Involvement” Kein Zugriff
        1. a) From Rome to Lisbon and Beyond Kein Zugriff
        2. b) European Union Accession to the European Convention on Human Rights Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Treaty on the European Union and Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Principle of Limited Conferral Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Principle of Subsidiarity and Proportionality Kein Zugriff
            3. (3) Principle of Sincere Cooperation Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Judicial Cooperation In Criminal Matters Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Freedom to Provide Services Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Council Framework Decision on Combating the Sexual Exploitation of Children and Child Pornography (2004) Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Directive on Combating Sexual Abuse and Sexual Exploitation of Children and Child Pornography (2011) Kein Zugriff
              1. (i) Television without Frontiers Directive (1989) Kein Zugriff
              2. (ii) Convention and the Directive compared Kein Zugriff
              3. (iii) Amendments to the Directive (1997) Kein Zugriff
              4. (iv) The Audiovisual Media Services Directive (2007) Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) E-Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC) Kein Zugriff
            3. (3) Recommendation on the Protection of Minors and Human Dignity (2006) Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Regina v. Henn and Darby (1979) Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) Conegate v. Customs and Excise Commissioners (1986) Kein Zugriff
          3. cc) Vereinigte Familiapress Zeitungsverlag v. Heinrich Bauer Verlag (1997) Kein Zugriff
          4. dd) Dynamic Medien Vertrieb v. Avides Media AG (2007) Kein Zugriff
          5. ee) Erotic Centre BVBA v. Belgische Staat (2010) Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Introduction Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) TV 1000 Sverige AB v. Norway (1998) Kein Zugriff
      3. 3. Impact of European Union “Involvement” Kein Zugriff
    3. III. Conclusions on the Council of Europe and the European Union Kein Zugriff 369 - 371
      1. 1. The Enlightenment Kein Zugriff
      2. 2. The French Revolution Kein Zugriff
      3. 3. The Industrial Revolution Kein Zugriff
      4. 4. The 20th Century to the Present Kein Zugriff
        1. a) Constitutional Authority in the United Kingdom Kein Zugriff
        2. b) Parliamentary Sovereignty Kein Zugriff
        3. c) Common Law Kein Zugriff
        1. a) Romantic and Victorian England: Contextual Overview Kein Zugriff
        2. b) Sexualized Speech Available in Great Britain Kein Zugriff
        3. c) Moral Panic in Great Britain Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Crimes Involving Libel Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Regina v. Lemon (1979) Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Regina v. Choudhury (1990) Kein Zugriff
            3. (3) Wingrove v. the United Kingdom (1996) Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Shaw v. DPP (1961) Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Regina v. Knuller (1972) Kein Zugriff
            3. (3) Regina v. Gibson (1990) Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Regina v. Hicklin (1868) Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Henry Vizetelly: the Zola Translations (1889) Kein Zugriff
            3. (3) Regina v. Reiter (1954) Kein Zugriff
            4. (4) Regina v. Martin Secker Warburg (1954) Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Regina v. Penguin Publishers (1960) Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Regina v. Calder and Boyars (1968) Kein Zugriff
              1. i. Lennon Lithographs (1970) Kein Zugriff
              2. ii. School Kids Oz (1971) Kein Zugriff
              3. iii. Little Red School Book : Regina v. Handyside (1972) Kein Zugriff
              4. iv. Corbin v. Whyte (1972) Kein Zugriff
              5. v. Regina v. Stamford (1972) Kein Zugriff
              6. vi. Inside Linda Lovelace (1976) Kein Zugriff
              1. i. Regina v. Henn and Darby (1979) and Conegate v. Customs & Excise (1986) Kein Zugriff
              2. ii. Gay’s the Word Raid (1984-6) Kein Zugriff
              3. iii. Lord Horror Prosecution (1991) Kein Zugriff
              4. iv. Regina v. Perrin (2002) Kein Zugriff
              5. v. Girls (Scream) Aloud Case (2009) Kein Zugriff
              6. vi. Regina v. Peacock (2012) Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Extreme Pornography Provisions Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) Analysis and Criticism Kein Zugriff
          3. cc) Prosecutions and Potential Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Statutory Authority for Regulation of Child Pornography Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Regina v. Graham Kerr (1988) Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Regina v. Bowden (1999) Kein Zugriff
            3. (3) Regina v. Smethurst (2002) Kein Zugriff
            4. (4) Regina v. O’Carroll (2003) Kein Zugriff
            5. (5) Regina v. Oliver (2003) – The Oliver Guidelines Kein Zugriff
            6. (6) Regina v. Collier (2004) Kein Zugriff
            7. (7) Regina v. Porter (2006) Kein Zugriff
          3. cc) Sex Offender Registration Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Child Porn Investigations Gone Awry Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Saatchi Gallery Controversy (2001) Kein Zugriff
          5. ee) Conclusions Regarding Child Pornography Enforcement Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Perspectives Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) Provisions of the Human Rights Act Kein Zugriff
          3. cc) Expression Provisions under the Human Rights Act Kein Zugriff
    3. III. Conclusion Kein Zugriff 512 - 515
        1. a) Introduction Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) The United States Blocking/Deleting Efforts Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) The European Union Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) The Council of Europe Kein Zugriff
            3. (3) Example of an EU Member States’ Response: the United Kingdom Kein Zugriff
        3. c) Balancing of Rights Kein Zugriff
        4. d) Efficacy of Regulation: Chasing Windmills? Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Federal Communications Commission Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) Self-Regulation in the United States: Motion Picture Association of America Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Standards Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Authority for Television on Demand (ATVOD) Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) British Board of Film Classification Kein Zugriff
      3. 3. Conclusions on Administrative Enforcement Kein Zugriff
      1. 1. Introduction Kein Zugriff
        1. a) Federal Tools in Combatting Adult Pornography Kein Zugriff
          1. aa) Statutes Kein Zugriff
          2. bb) Means of Interdiction Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Indictment Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Pre-trial Detention Kein Zugriff
            3. (3) Plea Bargaining Concerns Kein Zugriff
              1. i. Search and Seizure Kein Zugriff
              2. ii. Brady Material and Jencks Material Kein Zugriff
              3. iii. Statutory Restrictions on Discovery: Fighting in the Dark Kein Zugriff
            5. (5) Statutory and other Defences Kein Zugriff
            6. (6) Jury Instructions Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Federal Sentencing Guidelines Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Civil Liability Kein Zugriff
            3. (3) Civil Commitment Kein Zugriff
        3. c) Conclusion Kein Zugriff
        1. a) Introduction Kein Zugriff
        2. b) Sexting Prosecutions Kein Zugriff
        3. c) Sexting Legislation in the United States Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Marsh v. Alabama (1946) Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Lloyd Corp., Ltd. v. Tanner (1972) Kein Zugriff
            3. (3) Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins (1980) Kein Zugriff
            4. (4) Appleby and Others v. the United Kingdom (2003) Kein Zugriff
            5. (5) Application to Cyberspace Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) Facebook Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) Twitter Kein Zugriff
            3. (3) Corporate on Corporate Regulation of Speech: the Apple Store Kein Zugriff
            1. (1) The Twitter Joke Trial Kein Zugriff
            2. (2) The Guidelines Kein Zugriff
        1. a) Porn 2.0: User-Generated Porn Kein Zugriff
        2. b) Charity Porn Kein Zugriff
        3. c) Revenge Porn Kein Zugriff
      4. 1. Conclusions on User Generated Sexualized Speech Kein Zugriff
    4. IV. Conclusions on Defence and Prosecution of Sexualized Material Kein Zugriff 693 - 695
    1. I. The Road Travelled Kein Zugriff 695 - 698
    2. II. Conflict between two Sacreds: Moralism v. Profits Kein Zugriff 698 - 699
      1. 1. Increase in Availability of Sexualized Content Kein Zugriff
      2. 2. The Changing Nature of Jurisdiction Kein Zugriff
      3. 3. The New Business Model of Porn Kein Zugriff
      4. 4. Conclusions on how the Internet Changes Everything Kein Zugriff
    4. IV. What is Left: Protection of a Victim Kein Zugriff 709 - 711
    5. V. Knowing it When it is Seen Kein Zugriff 711 - 713
    6. VI. A Final Thought Kein Zugriff 713 - 715
  8. Bibliography Kein Zugriff 715 - 762

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