Reproductive Rights in International Law

Dr. Lea Kuhlmann LL.M. (GWU)

doi:10.5771/9783748945208

Zusammenfassung

Reproduktive Rechte bleiben ein umstrittenes Thema auch im Völkerrecht, sie haben aber in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten an Resilienz und Robustheit gewonnen. Die Autorin analysiert in diesem Buch die Entwicklung reproduktiver Rechte in den UN-Menschenrechts- und Entwicklungszusammenarbeitsforen seit deren offizieller Anerkennung 1994. Ein Fokus wird dabei auf die Interaktion von Gegnern und Befürworten miteinander, mit den UN-Institutionen und dem Recht, um die reproduktiven Rechte in ihrem Sinne zu formen. Die Autorin argumentiert, dass reproduktive Rechtsquellen zunehmend verflochten sind und so – trotz Fragmentierung und Kontestierungen – resilient und robust geworden sind.

Schlagworte

Publikation durchsuchen

Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr: 2024
Erscheinungsdatum: 27.11.2024
ISBN-Print: 978-3-7560-1601-3
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-4520-8
Verlag: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe: Internationales Recht der Gegenwart
Band: 9
Sprache: Englisch
Seiten: 273
Produkttyp: Monographie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Kein Zugriff Seiten 1 - 16
Introduction – Reproductive Rights in International Law Kein Zugriff Seiten 17 - 24
1. 1. I. Reproductive Rights Pillars and Elements Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Access to Abortion as a Reproductive Right Kein Zugriff
2. 1. I. From the Right to Family Planning to Reproductive Health and Rights Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. The Cairo Programme of Action on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Rights, and Access to Abortion Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. The Beijing Platform for Action on Sexual and Reproductive Rights, Reproductive Rights, and Access to Abortion Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. The Conferences’ Impact on Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
3. 1. I. The Legal Authority of Reproductive Rights Sources Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Human Rights Interpretation Kein Zugriff
4. 1. 1. 1. Reproductive Rights as Matters of Autonomy and Privacy Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Reproductive Rights as Matters of Equality Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Reproductive Rights as Matters of Life and Health Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. Reproductive Rights in Opposition to Rights of the Fetus Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Reproductive Rights in Opposition to Religious and Traditional Values Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Reproductive Rights as Culturally Imperialistic, Liberal Western Ideology Kein Zugriff
1. A. On Tracing Change in International Law Kein Zugriff
2. 1. I. First Signs of a Shift in the International Atmosphere on Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. The Omission of a Goal on Reproductive Health Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. The Inadequacies of the Millennium Development Goals Kein Zugriff
  3. III. The Prevention of Renegotiation and Pushbacks at the Ten-year Follow-up Events Kein Zugriff
  4. 1. 1. Incorporating Reproductive Rights into the Work of the Treaty Bodies Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Incorporating Reproductive Rights into the Work of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Incorporating Reproductive Rights in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Kein Zugriff
  5. V. Summary Kein Zugriff
3. 1. I. The Reintroduction of Reproductive Health to the Millennium Development Goals Kein Zugriff
  2. II. The Return of the Conference Follow-up Mechanisms to the Global Stage Kein Zugriff
  3. III. The Sobering Experience of the 2012 Conference on Sustainable Development Kein Zugriff
  4. 1. 1. a. The Human Rights Violations in Denying Access to Legal Abortion Kein Zugriff
      2. b. The First Step Towards Human Right-based Access to Abortion Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. The Beginning of the Human Rights Council’s Work on Reproductive Health and Rights Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. The Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health’s Attempt to Expand Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
  5. V. Summary Kein Zugriff
4. 1. I. The Ambivalent Reintroduction of Reproductive Rights to the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda Kein Zugriff
  2. II. The Continued Expansion of Reproductive Rights at the International Conference on Population and Development Follow-ups Events Kein Zugriff
  3. 1. 1. a. Affirming Human Rights Violations in Forced Medical Interventions Kein Zugriff
      2. b. Affirming Access to Safe Abortion as Part of the Right to Health Kein Zugriff
      3. c. Expanding Human Rights-based Access to Abortion in cases of Non-vital Pregnancies Kein Zugriff
      4. d. Affirming Access to Safe Abortion as Part of the Right to Life Kein Zugriff
      5. e. Expanding Human Rights Standards on Maternal Health Kein Zugriff
      6. f. Confirming Freedom from Obstetric Violence as a Reproductive Rights Element Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. a. Expanding the Thematic Mandates Addressing Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
      2. b. The Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls on Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. The Resolutions of the Human Rights Council on Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
  4. IV. Summary Kein Zugriff
5. E. Conclusion: The Oscillating Evolution of Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
1. 1. I. A Brief Literature and Theory Review of Contestation Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Reproductive Rights Contestations Kein Zugriff
2. 1. 1. 1. Contesting Reproductive Rights at the International Conference on Population and Development Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Contesting Reproductive Rights at the Fourth World Conference on Women Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. Contesting Reproductive Rights at the First Conferences’ Follow-up Sessions Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Contesting Reproductive Rights during the Drafting of the Millennium Declaration Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. Contesting Reproductive Rights during the Drafting of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Kein Zugriff
    4. 4. Contesting Reproductive Rights during Rio+20 and the Drafting of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda Kein Zugriff
    5. 5. Contesting Reproductive Rights in the Human Rights Council Kein Zugriff
  3. III. The Impact of Contestations during Consensus-finding Processes Kein Zugriff
3. 1. I. Counterframes within Reproductive Rights Instruments Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. On Reservations and Interpretative Declarations Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Reservations and Interpretative Declarations on Reproductive Rights in Human Rights Treaties Kein Zugriff
    3. 3. ‘Reservations’ on Reproductive Rights in Non-binding Instruments Kein Zugriff
    4. 4. The Impact of Reservations on Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
4. 1. 1. 1. Attempting to Influence the Drafting of the General Comment on Sexual and Reproductive Health Kein Zugriff
    2. 2. Attempting to Influence the General Comment on the Right to Life Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Contesting the Work of the Special Procedures Kein Zugriff
  3. III. The Impact of Reproductive Rights Contestations in Independent Bodies Kein Zugriff
5. 1. I. The Human Rights Council’s Agendas on Religion, Traditional Rights, and Family as Counterframe Resolutions Kein Zugriff
  2. II. The San Jose Articles as a Contestation Framework Kein Zugriff
  3. III. The Geneva Consensus Declaration as a Contestation Framework Kein Zugriff
  4. IV. The Impact of Counterframe Agendas and Contestation Frameworks Kein Zugriff
6. 1. I. The Impact of Reproductive Rights Contestations Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Disingenuous and Incoherent Contestations Kein Zugriff
1. A. On Robustness and Resilience Kein Zugriff
2. 1. I. Reproductive Rights Contestations as Legally Irrelevant Practices Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Resilience in Reaction to Extreme Positions of Anti-Reproductive Rights Actors Kein Zugriff
3. 1. I. The Institutionalization and Legalization of Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Institutionalization as a Resource for Pro-Reproductive Rights Actors Kein Zugriff
4. 1. I. Civil Society Access as a Driver of Robust Reproductive Rights Norms Kein Zugriff
  2. II. The Importance of Institutional and Independent Bodies Kein Zugriff
  3. III. Denouncing Non-compliance Kein Zugriff
5. 1. I. Robustness and Resilience in the Decentralized Character of International Law Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. The Resilience Network of Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. a. The Regional Human Rights Regime on Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
      2. b. Strengthening the Resilience Network Kein Zugriff
6. F. Robust and Resilient Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
1. 1. I. The Fragmented Evolution of Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Reproductive Rights Contestations Kein Zugriff
  3. III. Resilient and Robust Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
2. 1. I. The Legal Status of Modern Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
  2. II. Reproductive Rights as a Development Imperative Kein Zugriff
  3. III. Reproductive Rights in Contemporary International Human Rights Law Kein Zugriff
  4. IV. International standards on access to legal and safe abortion Kein Zugriff
  5. V. The Future of Reproductive Rights Kein Zugriff
1. Treaties and Conventions Kein Zugriff
2. UN Materials Kein Zugriff
3. Other international materials Kein Zugriff
4. Regional Materials Kein Zugriff
5. Domestic Materials Kein Zugriff
6. Miscellaneous Kein Zugriff
Bibliography Kein Zugriff Seiten 257 - 273

Literaturverzeichnis (266 Einträge)

‘About the Geneva Consensus Declaration’ (Geneva Consensus Declaration) <https://gcdintermariumconference.org/> accessed 28 October 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Abrahamsen R, ‘The Right Family: The Personal Is Geopolitical’ (Centre for International Policy Studies, 14 December 2020) <https://www.cips-cepi.ca/2020/12/14/the-right-family-the-personal-is-geopolitical/> accessed 28 October 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Alston P, ‘Conjuring up New Human Rights: A Proposal for Quality Control’ (1984) 78 The American Journal of International Law 607 Google Scholar öffnen
Alston P, ‘The Unborn Child and Abortion under the Draft Convention on the Rights of the Child’ (1990) 12 Human Rights Quarterly 156 Google Scholar öffnen
Alston P, ‘The Historical Origins of the Concept of “General Comments” in Human Rights Law’ in Laurence Boisson de Chazournes and Vera Gowlland-Debbas (eds), The International Legal System in Quest of Equity and Universality / L’ordre juridique international, un système en quête d’équité et d’universalité – Liber Amicorum Georges Abi-Saab (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 2001) Google Scholar öffnen
Alter KJ and Zürn M, ‘Conceptualising Backlash Politics: Introduction to a Special Issue on Backlash Politics in Comparison’ (2020) 22 The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 563 Google Scholar öffnen
Annan K and Mousavizadeh N, Interventions – A Life of War and Peace (The Penguin Press 2012) Google Scholar öffnen
Antrobus P, ‘MDGs: Most Distracting Gimmicks?’ (2009) 38 Convergence 49 Google Scholar öffnen
Archard D and Tobin J, ‘Article 1 The Definition of a Child’ in John Tobin (ed), The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (Oxford University Press 2019) Google Scholar öffnen
Atwood M, The Handmaid’s Tale (first published 1985, Vintage Classics 2016) Google Scholar öffnen
Aust A, Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd edn., Camebridge University Press 2013) Google Scholar öffnen
Aust HP, Complicity and the Law of State Responsibility (Cambridge University Press 2011) Google Scholar öffnen
Ayala T and Caradon, Lord, ‘Declaration on Population: The World Leaders Statements’ (1968) 1 Studies in Family Planning 1 Google Scholar öffnen
Aylward E, Contested Rights: Abortion and Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the United Nations (ProQuest 2020) Google Scholar öffnen
Aylward E and Halford S, ‘How Gains for SRHR in the UN Have Remained Possible in a Changing Political Climate’ (2020) 28 Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 160 Google Scholar öffnen
Banda F, ‘The United Nations Working Group on the Issue of Discrimination against Women in Law and Practice’ in Anne Hellum and Henriette Sinding Aasen (eds), Women’s Human Rights – CEDAW in International, Regional and National Law (Cambridge University Press 2013) Google Scholar öffnen
Barkholdt J and Reiners N, ‘Pronouncements of Expert Treat Bodies: From “Black Boxes” to “Key Catalysts” in International Law?’ KFG Working Paper Series No 1 Berlin Potsdam Research Group “The International Rule of Law – Rise or Decline?” (December 2019) Google Scholar öffnen
Barnes T and others, ‘Summary of the 23rd Special Session of the General Assembly (Beijing+5): 5–10 June 2000’ (2000) 14 ENB 1 Google Scholar öffnen
Barton C, ‘Where to for Women’s Movements and the MDGs?’ (2005) 13 Gender and Development 25 Google Scholar öffnen
Beckwith FJ, Defending Life – A Moral and Legal Case against Abortion Choice (Cambridge University Press 2007) Google Scholar öffnen
Bendix D, ‘“Impossible to Get to Know These Secret Means” – Colonial Anxiety and the Quest for Controlling Reproduction in "German East Africa’ in Shannon Stettner, Katrina Ackerman, Kristin Burnett, Hay (eds), Transcending Borders – Abortion in the Past and Present (palgrave macmillan 2017) Google Scholar öffnen
Berer M, ‘Images, Reproductive Health and the Collateral Damage to Women of Fundamentalism and War’ (2001) 9 Reproductive Health Matters 6 Google Scholar öffnen
Berer M, ‘Medical Abortion: Issues of Choice and Acceptability’ (2005) 13 Reproductive Health Matters 25 Google Scholar öffnen
Berer M, ‘The Cairo “Compromise” on Abortion and Its Consequences for Making Abortion Safe and Legal’ in Laura Reichenbach and Mindy J Roseman (eds), Reproductive Health and Human Rights – The Way Forward (University of Pennsylvania Press 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
Berer M, ‘Repoliticising Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights’ (2011) 19 Reproductive Health Matters 4 Google Scholar öffnen
Berro Pizzarossa L, ‘Here to Stay: The Evolution of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in International Human Rights Law’ (2018) 7 Laws 29 Google Scholar öffnen
Biermann F and Kanie N, ‘Conclusion: Key Challenges for Global Governance through Goals’ in Norichika Kanie and Frank Biermann (eds), Governing through Goals: sustainable development goals as governance innovation (The MIT Press 2017) Google Scholar öffnen
Blake C, ‘Center For Human Rights And Global Justice Working Paper Number 17 – Normative Instruments In International Human Rights Law: Locating The General Comment’ (2008) Google Scholar öffnen
Bloomfield A and Scott SV (eds), Norm Antipreneurs and the Politics of Resistance to Global Normative Change (Routledge 2016) Google Scholar öffnen
Boquet SJ, ‘Colombia’s Assault on Human Dignity’ (Human Life International, 28 February 2022) <https://www.hli.org/2022/02/colombias-assault-on-human-dignity/> accessed 24 November 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Borowy I, ‘Negotiating International Development: The Making of the Millennium Development Goals’ (2015) 5 Regions & Cohesion 18 Google Scholar öffnen
Bottini E, Bouaziz M, Hennette-Vauchez S, ‘Abortion Rights in the French Constitution: A Global Statement with Little Domestic Substance?’ (VerfassungsBlog, 09 March 2024) <https://verfassungsblog.de/enshrining-abortion-rights-in-the-french-constitution/> accessed 18 May 2024 Google Scholar öffnen
Brolan CE, ‘The Right to Health and the Post-2015 Health and Sustainable Development Goal Agenda’ in Sabine Klotz and others (eds), Healthcare as a Human Rights Issue, vol 4 (transcript 2017) Google Scholar öffnen
Brolan CE and Hill PS, ‘Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in the Evolving Post-2015 Agenda: Perspectives from Key Players from Multilateral and Related Agencies in 2013’ (2014) 22 Reproductive Health Matters 65 Google Scholar öffnen
Brownlie I, ‘The Rights of Peoples in Modern International Law’ in James Crawford (ed), The Rights of Peoples (Oxford University Press 1988) Google Scholar öffnen
Buga I, ‘Subsequent Practice and Treaty Modification’ in Michael J Bowman and Dino Kritsiotis (eds), Conceptual and Contextual Perspectives on the Modern Law of Treaties (Cambridge University Press 2018) Google Scholar öffnen
Burns K, ‘Trump Officials Attend Hungarian Conference to Promote Women Having More Babies’ (rewire news group, 25 March 2019) <https://rewirenewsgroup.com/2019/03/25/trump-officials-attend-hungarian-conference-to-promote-women-having-more-babies/> accessed 28 October 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Buss D, ‘Robes, Relics, and Rights: The Vatican and the Beijing Conference on Women’ (1998) 7 Social and Legal Studies 339 Google Scholar öffnen
Campbell R and others, ‘ICPD+5 Highlights Thursday 1 July 1999’ (1999) 6 ENB 1 Google Scholar öffnen
Campbell R and others, ‘Summary of the ICPD+5 PrepCom 24 March-1 April 1999’ (1999) 6 ENB 1 Google Scholar öffnen
Campbell White A, Merrick TW, and Yazbeck AS, Reproductive Health – The Missing Millennium Goal (The World Bank 2006) Google Scholar öffnen
Catholics for Choice, ‘Who We Are’ <https://www.catholicsforchoice.org/who-we-are/> accessed 13 June 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Center for Reproductive Rights, ‘ICPD+5 Gains for Women’s Rights Despite Opposition’ (Briefing Paper 1999) Google Scholar öffnen
Center for Reproductive Rights, ‘Accelerating Progress: Liberalization of Abortion Laws since ICPD’ <https://reproductiverights.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/World-Abortion-Map-AcceleratingProgress.pdf> accessed 1 August 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Center for Reproductive Rights, ‘Across Borders: How International and Regional Reproductive Rights Cases Influence Jurisprudence Worldwide’ <https://oltem1bixlohb0d4busw018c-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/12012021_Across-Borders_How-International-and-Regional-Reproductive-Rights-Can-INfluencer-Jurisprudence-Worldwide.pdf> accessed 28 May 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Center for Reproductive Rights, ‘Mellet v. Ireland, 2016; Whelan v. Ireland, 2017 (United Nations Human Rights Committee)’ <https://reproductiverights.org/case/mellet-v-ireland-2016-whelan-v-ireland-2017-united-nations-human-rights-committee/> accessed 20 July 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Center for Reproductive Rights, ‘The World’s Abortion Laws’ <https://reproductiverights.org/maps/worlds-abortion-laws/> accessed 13 June 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Center for Reproductive Rights and Poradna pre obcianske a l’udské práva (Centre for Civil and Human Rights), ‘Body and Soul – Forced Sterilization and Other Assaults on Roma Reproductive Freedom in Slovakia’ Google Scholar öffnen
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ‘Facts about Anencephaly’ (Birth Defects, 28 December 2020) <https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/anencephaly.html#:~:text=Anencephaly%20is%20a%20serious%20birth,part%20of%20the%20neural%20tube).> accessed 28 May 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
C-Fam and UN Family Rights Caucus, ‘Civil Society for the Family and the UN Family Rights Caucus to the Questionnaire of the Working Group on Discrimination Against Women and Girls on Women’s and Girl’s Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Situation of Crisis’ <https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Women/WG/ReproductiveHealthRights/CSOs/centerforfamilyandhumanrights/centreforfamilyandhumanrights.pdf> accessed 11 December 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Chandrasekaran S, Chandrashekar VS, Dalvie S, Sinha A, ‘The Case for the Use of Telehealth for Abortion in India’ (2022) 29 Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 1 Google Scholar öffnen
Chappell L, ‘Contesting Women’s Rights: Charting the Emergence of a Transnational Conservative Counter-Network’ (2006) 20 Global Society 491 Google Scholar öffnen
Charlesworth H, ‘Feminist Methods in International Law’ (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law 379 Google Scholar öffnen
Charlesworth H, Chinkin C, and Wright S, ‘Feminist Approaches to International Law’ (1991) 85 The American Journal of International Law 613 Google Scholar öffnen
Chinkin C, ‘Reservations and Observations to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women’ in JP Gardner (ed), Human Rights as General Norms and a State’s Right to Opt Out (British Institute for International and Comparative Law 1997) Google Scholar öffnen
Chinkin C, ‘Human Rights’ in Michael J Bowman and Dino Kritsiotis (eds), Conceptual and Contextual Perspectives on the Modern Law of Treaties (Cambridge University Press 2018) Google Scholar öffnen
Clark C, ‘The Vienna Convention Reservations Regime and the Convention on Discrimination against Women’ (1991) 85 American Journal of International Law 281 Google Scholar öffnen
Clémençon R, ‘Welcome to the Anthropocene: Rio+20 and the Meaning of Sustainable Development’ (2012) 21 Journal of Environment & Development 311 Google Scholar öffnen
Clinton HR, Remarks by First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton – United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women (US Federal Depository Documents 1995) Google Scholar öffnen
Cohen SA, ‘The Safe Motherhood Conference’ (1987) 13 International Family Planning Perspectives 68 Google Scholar öffnen
Cook R, ‘Reservations to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women’ (1990) 30 Virginia Journal of International Law 643 Google Scholar öffnen
Cook R, ‘International Protection of Women’s Reproductive Rights’ (1992) 24 NYU Journal of International Law and Politics 645 Google Scholar öffnen
Cook RJ, ‘Stigmatized Meanings of Criminal Abortion Law’ in Rebecca J Cook, Joanna N Erdman and Bernard M Dickens (eds), Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective (University of Pennsylvania Press 2014) Google Scholar öffnen
Copelon R, Zampas Z, Brusie E, Devore J, ‘Human Rights Begin at Birth: International Law and the Claim of Fetal Rights’ (2005) 13 Reproductive Health Matters 120 Google Scholar öffnen
Cosentino C, ‘Safe and Legal Abortion: An Emerging Human Rights? The Long-Lasting Dispute with State Sovereignty in ECHR Jurisprudence’ (2015) 15 Human Rights Law Review 569 Google Scholar öffnen
Crossette B, ‘Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals: The Missing Link’ (2005) 36 Studies in Family Planning 71 Google Scholar öffnen
Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, and Bloom SL, ‘Abortion’ in F Gary Cunningham, Kenneth J Leveno, Steven L Bloom, Jodi S Dashe, Barbara L Hoffman, Brian M Casey, and Catherine Y Song, (eds), Williams obstetrics (25th ed, McGraw-Hill Education 2018) Google Scholar öffnen
Cupać J and Ebetürk I, ‘Backlash Advocacy and NGO Polarization over Women’s Rights in the United Nations’ (2021) 97 International Affairs 1183 Google Scholar öffnen
de Pauw M, ‘Women’s Rights: From Bad to Worse? Assessing the Evolution of Incompatible Reservations to the CEDAW Convention’ (2013) 29 Merkourios 51 Google Scholar öffnen
Deitelhoff N, ‘What’s in a Name? Contestation and Backlash against International Norms and Institutions’ (2020) 22 The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 715 Google Scholar öffnen
Deitelhoff N and Zimmermann L, ‘Norms under Challenge: Unpacking the Dynamics of Norm Robustness’ (2019) 4 Journal of Global Security Studies 2 Google Scholar öffnen
Deitelhoff N and Zimmermann L, ‘Things We Lost in the Fire: How Different Types of Contestation Affect the Robustness of International Norms’ (2020) 22 International Studies Review 51 Google Scholar öffnen
Devereux G, A Study of Abortion in Primitive Societies : A Typological, Distributional, and Dynamic Analysis of the Prevention of Birth in 400 Preindustrial Societies (International Universities Press 1976) Google Scholar öffnen
Dickens BM, ‘The Right to Conscience’ in Rebecca J Cook, Joanna N Erdman, and Bernard M Dickens (eds), Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective (University of Pennsylvania Press 2014) Google Scholar öffnen
Didion J, Play It As It Lays (first published in 1970, Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2005) Google Scholar öffnen
Dixon-Mueller R, Population Policy & Women’s Rights: Transforming Reproductive Choice (1. publ., Praeger 1993) Google Scholar öffnen
Dixon-Mueller R and Germain A, ‘Fertility Regulation and Reproductive Health in the Millennium Development Goals: The Search for a Perfect Indicator’ (2007) 97 American Journal of Public Health 45 Google Scholar öffnen
Donnelly J, ‘The Relative Universality of Human Rights’ (2007) 29 Human Rights Quarterly 281 Google Scholar öffnen
Durojaye E, ‘The Human Rights Council’s Resolution on Maternal Mortality: Better Late than Never’ (2010) 10 African Human Rights Law Journal 293 Google Scholar öffnen
El Fegriery M, ‘Competing Perceptions: Traditional Values and Human Rights’ in Turan Kayaoglu and Marie Juul Petersen (eds), The Organization of Islamic Cooperation and Human Rights (University of Pennsylvania Press 2019) Google Scholar öffnen
ENB, ‘Summary Report, 4–22 April 1994, 3rd Session of the ICPD Preparatory Committee’ <https://enb.iisd.org/events/3rd-session-icpd-preparatory-committee/summary-report-4-22-april-1994#brief-analysis-prepcom-iii> accessed 12 May 2021 Google Scholar öffnen
ENB, ‘Summary Report, 5–13 September 1994 ICPD’ <https://enb.iisd.org/events/icpd/summary-report-5-13-september-1994> Google Scholar öffnen
ENB, ‘Summary Report, 10–21 May 1993 2nd Session on the ICPD Preparatory Committee’ <https://enb.iisd.org/events/2nd-session-icpd-preparatory-committee/summary-report-10-21-may-1993#brief-analysis-prepcom-ii> accessed 12 May 2021 Google Scholar öffnen
Endres D, ‘Conceptualizing legal change as ‘norm-knitting’ through the example of the environmental human right’ [2023] 36 Leiden Journal of International Law 879 Google Scholar öffnen
Erdman JN, ‘The Gender Injustice of Abortion Laws’ (2019) 27 Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 4 Google Scholar öffnen
Erdman JN and Cook RJ, ‘Decriminalization of Abortion – A Human Rights Imperative’ (2020) 62 Best Practices & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 11 Google Scholar öffnen
Fagan A and Fridlund H, ‘Relative Universality, Harmful Cultural Practices and the United Nations’ Human Rights Council’ (2016) 34 Nordic Journal of Human Rights 21 Google Scholar öffnen
Fagan PF, Saunders WJ, and Fragoso MA, ‘How U.N. Conventions on Women’s and Children’s Rights Undermine Family, Religion, and Sovereignty’ (2001) Google Scholar öffnen
Fagbongbe M, ‘The Future of Women’s Rights from a TWAIL Perspective’ (2008) 10 International Community Law Review 401 Google Scholar öffnen
Family Watch International, ‘The Relentless Push to Create an “International Right” to Abortion’ Google Scholar öffnen
Farahat A and Leijten I, ‘Human Rights Overreach?’ (2022) 40 Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 83 Google Scholar öffnen
Fathalla MF, ‘Promotion of Research in Human Reproduction: Global Needs and Perspectives’ (1988) 3 Human Reproduction 7 Google Scholar öffnen
Faúndes A and Barzelatto J, The Human Drama of Abortion: Seeking a Global Consensus (1st ed, 2nd print, Vanderbilt University Press 2006) Google Scholar öffnen
Fine JB, Mayall K, and Sepúlveda L, ‘The Role of International Human Rights Norms in the Liberalization of Abortion Laws Globally’ (2017) 19 Health and Human Rights Journal 69 Google Scholar öffnen
Finnemore M and Sikkink K, ‘International Norm Dynamics and Political Change’ (1998) 52 International Organization 887 Google Scholar öffnen
Fraser AS, ‘Becoming Human: The Origins and Development of Women’s Human Rights’ (1999) 21 Human Rights Quarterly 853 Google Scholar öffnen
‘French Lawmakers Approve Bill Enshrining Abortion Rights in the Constitution’ (France24, 24 November 2022) <https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221124-%F0%9F%94%B4-french-national-assembly-approves-bill-enshrining-abortion-rights-in-the-constitution> accessed 25 November 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Friedman EJ, ‘Gendering the Agenda: The Impact of the Transnational Women’s Rights Movement at the UN Conferences of the 1990s’ (2003) 26 Women’s Studies International Forum 313 Google Scholar öffnen
Gammeltoft-Hansen T, Lagoutte S, and Cerone J, ‘Introduction – Tracing the Role of Soft Law in Human Rights’ in Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, Stéphanie Lagoutte, and John Cerone (eds), Tracing the Roles of Soft Law in Human Rights (Oxford University Press 2016) Google Scholar öffnen
Garita A and Girard F, ‘Negotiating Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights at the UN: A Long and Winding Road’ in Gita Sen and Marina Durano (eds), The Remaking of Social Contracts: Feminist in a Fierce New World (Zed Books 2014) Google Scholar öffnen
Geneva Academy, ‘Optimizing the UN Treaty Body System – Academic Platform on the 2020 Review’ <https://www.geneva-academy.ch/joomlatools-files/docman-files/Optimizing%20UN%20Treaty%20Bodies.pdf> accessed 25 July 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Gennarini S, ‘Colombian High Court Says Aborting Disabled Children Can Never Be a Crime’ (C-Fam, 24 February 2022) <https://c-fam.org/friday_fax/colombian-high-court-says-aborting-disabled-children-can-never-be-a-crime/> accessed 24 November 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Girard F, ‘Advocacy for Sexuality and Women’s Rights: Continuities, Discontinuities, and Strategies Since ICPD’ in Laura Reichenbach and Mindy J Roseman (eds), Reproductive Health and Human Rights – The Way Forward (University of Pennsylvania Press 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
Girard F, ‘Taking ICPD beyond 2015: Negotiating Sexual and Reproductive Rights in the next Development Agenda’ (2014) 9 Global Public Health 607 Google Scholar öffnen
Greasley K and Kaczor C, Abortion Rights – For and Against (Cambridge University Press 2018) Google Scholar öffnen
Guns W, ‘The Influence of the Feminist Anti-Abortion NGOs as Norm Setters at the Level of the UN: Contesting UN Norms on Reproductive Autonomy, 1995 – 2005’ (2013) 35 Human Rights Quarterly 673 Google Scholar öffnen
Guttmacher Institute, ‘Factsheet Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion Worldwide’ (2022) Google Scholar öffnen
Haslegrave M, ‘Ensuring the Inclusion of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights under a Sustainable Development Goal on Health in the Post-2015 Human Rights Framework for Development’ (2013) 21 Reproductive Health Matters 61 Google Scholar öffnen
Haslegrave M, ‘Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in the Sustainable Development Goals and the Post-2015 Development Agenda: Less than a Year to Go’ (2014) 22 Reproductive Health Matters 102 Google Scholar öffnen
Herrmann M, ‘Sustainable Development, Demography and Sexual and Reproductive Health: Inseparable Linkages and Their Policy Implications’ (2014) 22 Reproductive Health Matters 28 Google Scholar öffnen
Herrmann T, ‘Redefining Health: Center for Reproductive Rights and Anand Grover Working Together’ (C-Fam – Turtle Bay and Beyond, 8 November 2011) <https://c-fam.org/turtle_bay/redefining-health-crr-and-anand-grover-working-together/> accessed 10 May 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Herrmann T, ‘Rogue UN Officials Reprimanded by UN Member States’ (C-Fam – Turtle Bay and Beyond, 30 November 2011) <https://c-fam.org/friday_fax/rogue-un-officials-reprimanded-by-un-member-states/> accessed 10 May 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Hill D, ‘Avoiding Obligations: Reservations to Human Rights Treaties (2016) 60 Journal of Conflict Resolution 1129’ (2016) 60 Journal of Conflict Resolution 1129 Google Scholar öffnen
Hill PS and others, ‘From Millennium Goals to Post-2015 Sustainable Development: Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in an Evolving Aid Environment’ (2013) 21 Reproductive Health Matters 113 Google Scholar öffnen
Hill PS and others, ‘How Can Health Remain Central Post-2015 in a Sustainable Development Paradigm?’ (2014) 10 Globalization and Health Google Scholar öffnen
Hodoglugil NN, ‘Beijing+5: What Can International Conferences Achieve for Women’s Health?’ in Daniel Perlman and Ananya Roy (eds), The Practice of International Health: A Case-Based Orientation (Oxford Scholarship Online 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
Horvath R, ‘The Reintervention of “Traditional Values”: Nataliya Narochnitskaya and Russia’s Assault on Universal Human Rights’ (2016) 68 Europe-Asia Studies 868 Google Scholar öffnen
Hoyert DL, ‘Maternal Mortality Rates in the United States 2020’ (NCHS Health E-Stats 2022) Google Scholar öffnen
Hulme D, ‘The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): A Short History of the World’s Biggest Promise, BWPI Working Paper 100’ (September 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
Hulme D, ‘Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals: Politics, Ethics, Evidence and an “Unholy Alliance” BWPI Working Paper 105’ (October 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
Hunt JJ, ‘Nuremberg Revisited: Abortion as Human Rights Issue’ <https://www.uffl.org/vol%203/hunt3.pdf> accessed 20 November 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Jarvis Thomson J, ‘A Defense of Abortion’ (1971) 1 Philosophy & Public Affairs 47 Google Scholar öffnen
Joachim J, ‘Structures and Processes of Political Negotiation/Governance – The UN, Women’s NGOs and the Case of Reproductive Rights and Health’ in Barbara Holland-Cunz and Uta Ruppert (eds), Frauenpolitische Chancen globaler Politik – Verhandlungserfarungen im internationalen Kontext (Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2000) Google Scholar öffnen
Joachim J, Agenda Setting, the UN, and NGOs: Gender Violence and Reproductive Rights (Georgetown University Press 2007) Google Scholar öffnen
Jose B, Norm Contestation Insights into NonConformity with Armed Conflict Norms (Springer 2018) Google Scholar öffnen
Joseph A, ‘Keep the Church in Church, Not in Politics’ in Anita Anand and Gouri Salvi (eds), Beijing! UN Fourth Conference on Women (Women’s Feature Service 1998) Google Scholar öffnen
Joseph R, Human Rights and the Unborn Child (BRILL, Nijhoff 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
Jütte R (ed), Geschichte Der Abtreibung Von Der Antike Bis Zur Gegenwart (CHBeck 1993) Google Scholar öffnen
Kameri-Mbote P and Kabira N, ‘SDG 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls’ in Jonas Ebbeson and Ellen Hey (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of the Sustainable Development Goals and International Law (Cambridge University Press 2022) Google Scholar öffnen
Kanie N, Bernstein S, Biermann F, Haas P, ‘Introduction: Global Governance through Goal Setting’ in Norichika Kanie and Frank Biermann (eds), Governing through Goals: Sustainable Development Goals as Governance Innovation (The MIT Press 2017) Google Scholar öffnen
Keck M and Sikkink K, Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Cornell University Press 1998) Google Scholar öffnen
Keller H and Grover L, ‘General Comments of the Human Rights Committee and Their Legitimacy’ in Helen Keller and Geir Ulfstein (eds), UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies (Cambridge University Press 2012) Google Scholar öffnen
Kelly LM, ‘Reckoning with Narratives of Innocent Suffering in Transnational Abortion Litigation’ in Rebecca J Cook, Joanna N Erdman, and Bernard M Dickens (eds), Abortion Law in Transnational Perspectives (University of Pennsylvania Press 2014) Google Scholar öffnen
Kimport K, No Real Choice – How Culture and Politics Matter for Reproductive Autonomy (Rutgers University Press 2022) Google Scholar öffnen
Kleinlein T, ‘Matters of Interpretation: How to Conceptualize and Evaluate Change of Norms and Values in the International Legal Order’ in Heike Krieger and Andrea Liese (eds), Tracing Value Change in the International Order – Norm Change or Metamorphosis? (Oxford University Press 2023) Google Scholar öffnen
Kligman G, The Politics of Duplicity: Controlling Reproduction in Ceausescu’s Romania (University of California Press 1998) Google Scholar öffnen
Krieger H and Liese A, ‘Conclusion: Turbulence, Robustness, and Value Change’ in Heike Krieger and Andrea Liese (eds), Tracing Value Change in the International Order – Norm Change or Metamorphosis? (Oxford University Press 2023) Google Scholar öffnen
Krieger H and Liese A, ‘Introduction: A Metamorphosis of International Law?’ in Heike Krieger and Andrea Liese (eds), Tracing Value Change in the International Order – Norm Change or Metamorphosis? (Oxford University Press 2023) Google Scholar öffnen
Krieger H and Nolte G, ‘The International Rule of Law – Rise or Decline? Points of Departure’ KFG Working Paper Series No. 1, Berlin Potsdam Research Group “The International Rule of Law – Rise or Decline?” (Berlin, October 2016)’ Google Scholar öffnen
Krisch N and Yildiz E, ‘The Many Paths of Change in International Law – A Frame’, in Nico Krisch and Ezgi Yildiz (eds) The Many Paths of Change in International Law (Oxford University 2023) Google Scholar öffnen
Krook ML and True J, ‘Rethinking the Life Cycles of International Norms: The United Nations and the Global Promotion of Gender Equality’ (2010) 18 European Journal of International Relations 103 Google Scholar öffnen
Kuhlmann LB, ‘The Status of International Women’s Rights – Are Women’s Rights in Danger?’ in Heike Krieger and Andrea Liese (eds), Tracing Value Change in the International Order – Norm Change or Metamorphosis? (Oxford University Press 2023) Google Scholar öffnen
Kunz JL, ‘The Swing of the Pendulum: From Overestimation to Underestimation of International Law’ (1950) 44 American Journal of International Law 135 Google Scholar öffnen
Langlois E and others, ‘Towards a Better Integration of Global Health and Biodiversity in the New Sustainable Development Goals Beyond Rio+20’ (2012) 9 EcoHealth 381 Google Scholar öffnen
Lantis JS and Wunderlich C, ‘Resiliency Dynamics of Norm Clusters: Norm Contestation and International Cooperation’ (2018) 44 Review of International Studies 570 Google Scholar öffnen
Lefton R, ‘Assault on Reproductive Rights and Gender Equality at Rio+20’ (Center for American Progress 2012) Google Scholar öffnen
Lewin T, ‘Nothing is at it seems: “discourse capture” and backlash politics’ (2021) 29 Gender and Development 253 Google Scholar öffnen
Lijnzaad L, Reservations to UN-Human Rights Treaties – Ratify and Ruin? (Nijhoff 1995) Google Scholar öffnen
Madrazoq A, ‘Narratives of Prenatal Personhood in Abortion Law’ in Rebecca J Cook, Joanna N Erdman, and Bernard M Dickens (eds), Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective (University of Pennsylvania Press 2014) Google Scholar öffnen
Manne K, Down Girl – The Logic of Misogyny (Oxford University Press 2018) Google Scholar öffnen
Manne K, Entitled – How Male Privilege Hurts Women (Penguin Books 2020) Google Scholar öffnen
Maracek J, ‘Abortion in Context’ in Jane M Ussher, Joan C Chrisler and Janette Perz (eds), Routledge International Handbook Of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health (Routledge 2019) Google Scholar öffnen
Marks SP, ‘Human Rights and Development’ in Sarah Joseph and Adam McBeth (eds), Research Handbook on International Human Rights Law (Edward Elgar Publishing 2011) Google Scholar öffnen
Marsden LR, ‘Human Rights and Population Growth – A Feminist Perspective’ (1973) 3 International Journal of Health Services 567 Google Scholar öffnen
McCall-Smith K, ‘Interpreting International Human Rights Standards’ in Stéphanie Lagoutte, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, and John Cerone (eds), Tracing the Roles of Soft Law in Human Rights (Oxford University Press 2016) Google Scholar öffnen
McCrudden C, ‘Human Rights and Traditional Values’ in Upendra Baxi, Christopher McCrudden, and Abdul Paliwala (eds), Law’s Ethics, Global and Theoretical Contexts – Essays in Honor of William Twining (Cambridge University Press 2015) Google Scholar öffnen
McDonagh E, Breaking the Abortion Deadlock: From Choice to Consent (Oxford University Press 1997) Google Scholar öffnen
McDonald K, ‘Reproductive Rights under Attack’ (1995) 2 Planned Parenthood Challenges 14 Google Scholar öffnen
McIntosh CA and Finkle JL, ‘The Cairo Conference on Population and Development: A New Paradigm?’ (1995) 21 Population and Development Review 223 Google Scholar öffnen
McKibben H and Western S, ‘“Reserved Ratifications”: An Analysis of States’ Entry of Reservation Upon Ratification Treaties’ (2020) 50 British Journal of Political Science 687 Google Scholar öffnen
McLachlan C, ‘The Principle of Systemic Integration and Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention’ (2008) 54 International & Comparative Law Quarterly 279 Google Scholar öffnen
McNeilly K, Rimmer SH, and Ogg K, ‘Sex/Gender Is Fluid, What Now for Feminism and International Human Rights Law? A Call to Queer the Foundations’, Research Handbook on Feminist Engagement with International Law (Edward Elgar Publishing 2019) Google Scholar öffnen
Mężykowska A and Młynarska-Sobaczewska A, ‘Persuasion and Legal Reasoning in the ECtHR Rulings’ (Routledge 2023) Google Scholar öffnen
Miller AM and Roseman MJ, ‘Sexual and Reproductive Rights at the United Nations: Frustration or Fulfilment?’ (2011) 19 Reproductive Health Matters 102 Google Scholar öffnen
Moeckli D and White ND, ‘Treaties as “Living Instruments”’ in Michael J Bowman and Dino Kritsiotis (eds), Conceptual and Contextual Perspectives on the Modern Law of Treaties (Cambridge University Press 2018) Google Scholar öffnen
Mok C, ‘How China Defines Human Rights’ (Friedrich Naumann Foundation, 15 November 2021) <https://www.freiheit.org/southeast-and-east-asia/how-china-defines-human-rights> accessed 21 November 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Molyneux M and Razavi S, ‘Occasional Paper 15 – Beijing Plus 10: An Ambivalent Record on Gender Justice’ Google Scholar öffnen
Morgan L, ‘Anti-Abortion Strategizing and the Afterlife of the Geneva Consensus Declaration’ [2022] Developing World Bioethics 1 Google Scholar öffnen
Mutua M, ‘Savages, Victims and Saviors. The Metaphor of Human Rights’ (2001) 42 Harvard International Law Journal 201 Google Scholar öffnen
Mutua M and Anghie A, ‘What Is TWAIL?’ (2000) 94 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) 31 Google Scholar öffnen
National Right to Life Committee, Inc., ‘Abortion Advocates Suffer Major Defeat at Beijing + 5 Pro-Life and Pro-Family Coalition Stops Expansion of Abortion “Rights”’ (2000) 27 National Right to Life News Google Scholar öffnen
Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, ‘Lobbying for Faith and Family: A Study of Religious NGOs at the United Nations’ (2013) Norad Report 7/2013 Google Scholar öffnen
Nowak M, U.N. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Nowak’s CCPR Commentary (3rd revised edition, NPEngel, Publisher 2019) Google Scholar öffnen
Nowicka W, ‘Sexual and Reproductive Rights and the Human Rights Agenda: Controversial and Contested’ (2011) 19 Reproductive Health Matters 119 Google Scholar öffnen
Nussbaum M, Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach (Cambridge University Press 2000) Google Scholar öffnen
Obaid TA, ‘Fifteen Years after the International Conference on Population and Development: What Have We Achieved and How Do We Move Forward?’ (2009) 106 International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 102 Google Scholar öffnen
Orr J, Abortion Wars – The Fight for Reproductive Rights (Policy Press 2017) Google Scholar öffnen
Ortega AO, ‘Perpetuating Power: A Response’ (2011) 19 Reproductive Health Matters 35 Google Scholar öffnen
Packer CAA, The Right to Reproductive Choice – A Study in International Law (Åbo Akademi University, Institute for Human Rights 1996) Google Scholar öffnen
Palacios Zuloaga P, ‘Pushing Past the Tipping Point: Can the Inter-American System Accommodate Abortion Rights?’ (2021) 21 Human Rights Law Review 899 Google Scholar öffnen
Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA, Stubblefield PG, and Creinin MD (eds), Management of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy (Wiley-Blackwell 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
Petechsky R, Abortion and Women’s Choice: The State, Sexuality, and Reproductive Freedom (Northeastern University Press 1990) Google Scholar öffnen
Peters A, ‘The Refinement of International Law: From Fragmentation to Regime Interaction and Politicization’ (2017) 15 International Journal of Constitutional Law 671 Google Scholar öffnen
Pietropaoli I, ‘Islamic Reservations to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women’ (2020) 14 The Journal of Human Rights 83 Google Scholar öffnen
Prandini Assis M and Larrea S, ‘Why Self-Managed Abortion Is so Much More than a Provisional Solution for Times of Pandemic’ (2020) 28 Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 37 Google Scholar öffnen
Preciado PB, ‘The Hot War’ (e-flux Journal, December 2020) <https://www.e-flux.com/journal/114/367059/the-hot-war/> accessed 28 October 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Prichard AC, ‘A “Grievously Sinful Attempt to Destroy the Life Which God Has Given:” Abortion, Anglicanism, and Debates About Community Composition in Twenieth-Century Zanzibar’ in Shannon Stettner, Katrina Ackerman, Kristin Burnett, Travis Hay (eds), Transcending Abortion – Abortion in the Past and Present (palgrave macmillan 2017) Google Scholar öffnen
Radford Ruether R, ‘Women, Reproductive Rights and the Catholic Church’ (2008) 16 Feminist Theology 184 Google Scholar öffnen
Ramina L, ‘TWAIL – “Third World Approaches to International Law” and Human Rights: Some Considerations’ (2018) 5 Revista de Investigações Constitucionais (Journal of Constitutional Research) 261 Google Scholar öffnen
Ramji-Nogales J, ‘Revisiting the Category “Women”’ in Susan Harris Rimmer and Kate Ogg (eds), Research Handbook on Feminist Engagement with International Law (Edward Elgar Publishing 2019) Google Scholar öffnen
Razavi S, ‘The 2030 Agenda: Challenges of Implementing to Attain Gender Equality and Women’s Righs’ (2016) 24 Gender and Development 25 Google Scholar öffnen
Regan D, ‘Rewriting Roe v Wade’ (1979) 77 Michigan Law Review 1569 Google Scholar öffnen
Reiners N, ‘Despite or Because of Contestation? How Water Became a Human Right’ (2021) 43 Human Rights Quarterly 392 Google Scholar öffnen
Reiners N, Transnational Lawmaking Coalitions for Human Rights (Cambridge University Press 2022) Google Scholar öffnen
‘Resilience, n.’ (Oxford English Dictionary) <https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/163619?redirectedFrom=resilience&> accessed 3 November 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Riddle JM, Eve’s Herbs – A History of Contraception and Abortion in the West, John M. Riddle, Harvard University Press 1997 (Second Printing in 1998) (1st ed, 2nd print, Harvard University Press 1998) Google Scholar öffnen
Rimalt N, ‘The Legal Contestation of Abortion Rights – Why Abortion Should Be Theorized as a Gender-Based Comparative Right’ in Heidemarie Winkel, Julia Roth, and Alexandra Scheele (eds), Global Contestations of Gender Rights (Bielefeld University Press 2022) Google Scholar öffnen
Risse T, Ropp SC, and Sikkink K, The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change (Cambridge University Press 1999) Google Scholar öffnen
Risse T, Ropp SC, and Sikkink K, The Persistent Power of Human Rights (Cambridge University Press 2013) Google Scholar öffnen
Roberts DE, ‘Punishing Drug Addicts Who Have Babies: Women of Color, Equality, and the Right to Privacy’ in Rickie Solinger (ed), Abortion Wars – Half a Century of Struggles, 1950–2000 (University of California Press 1998) Google Scholar öffnen
‘Robustness, n.’ (Oxford English Dictionary) <https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/166660?redirectedFrom=robustness#eid> accessed 3 November 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Roseman MJ and Reichenbach L, ‘Global Reproductive Health and Rights: Reflecting on the ICPD’ in Mindy J Roseman and Laura Reichenbach (eds), Reproductive Health and Human Rights – The Way Forward (University of Pennsylvania Press 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
Roseman MJ and Reichenbach L, ‘International Conference on Population and Development at 15 Years: Achieving Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights for All?’ (2010) 100 American Journal of Public Health 403 Google Scholar öffnen
Ross L and Solinger R, Reproductive Justice: An Introduction (University of California Press 2017) Google Scholar öffnen
Roth R, How Women Pay for Fetal Rights (Cornell University Press 2003) Google Scholar öffnen
Sabel R, Rules of Procedure at the UN and at Inter-Governmental Conferences (3rd edn, Cambridge University Press 2018) Google Scholar öffnen
Sanders R, ‘Norm Spoiling: Undermining the International Women’s Rights Agenda’ (2018) 94 International Affairs 271 Google Scholar öffnen
Sandholtz W, ‘Dynamics of International Norm Change: Rules Against Wartime Plunder’ (2008) 14 European Journal of International Relations 101 Google Scholar öffnen
Sandholtz W, ‘Explaining International Norm Change’ in Wayne Sandholtz and Kendall Stiles (eds), International Norms and Cycle of Change (Oxford University Press 2008) Google Scholar öffnen
Sandholtz W, ‘Is Winter Coming? Norm Challenges and Norm Resilience’ in Heike Krieger and Andrea Liese (eds), ’Tracing Value Change in the International Legal Order: Perspectives from Legal and Political Science (Cambridge University Press 2023) Google Scholar öffnen
Saul B, Kinley D and Mowbray J, The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Oxford University Press 2014) Google Scholar öffnen
Saunders WJ, ‘Understanding International Law: The ABCs of an International Right to Abortion’ (2010) XXXVI The Human Life Review 84 Google Scholar öffnen
Saunders WJ, ‘The San Jose Articles and an International Right to Abortion’ (2015) Spring Ave Maria Law Review 1 Google Scholar öffnen
Scalia A, ‘Common Law Courts in a Civil Law System: The Role of United States Federal Courts in Interpreting the Constitution and Laws’ in Amy Gutmann (ed), A Matter of Interpretation: Federal Courts and the Law (Princeton University Press 1997) Google Scholar öffnen
Schaaf M, ‘Negotiating Sexuality in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability’ (2011) 8 sur international journal on human rights 113 Google Scholar öffnen
Schabas W, U.N. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – Novak’s CCPR Commentary (3rd revised edition, NP Engel Publisher 2019) Google Scholar öffnen
Sękowska-Kozłowska K, ‘A Tough Job: Recognizing Access to Abortion as Matter of Equality. A Commentary on the View of the UN Human Rights Committee in the Cases of Mellet v. Ireland and Whelan v. Ireland’ (2018) 26 Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 25 Google Scholar öffnen
Sen G, ‘Occasional Paper 9 – Neolibs, Neocons and Gender Justice: Lessons from Global Negotiations’ Google Scholar öffnen
Shannon C and Winikoff B, ‘Unsafe Abortion and Strategies to Reduce Its Impact on Women’s Life’ in Sean Kehoe, James Neilson, and Jane Norman (eds), Maternal and infant deaths: Chasing millennium development goals 4 and 5 (Cambridge University Press 2010) Google Scholar öffnen
Shelton D, ‘Human Rights’ in Dinah Shelton (ed), Commitment and Compliance: The Role of Non-binding Norms in the International Legal System (Oxford University Press 2000) Google Scholar öffnen
Shelton D, ‘Introduction: Law, Non-Law and the Problem of “Soft Law”’ in Dinah Shelton (ed), Commitment and Compliance: The Role of Non-binding Norms in the International Legal System (Oxford University Press 2000) Google Scholar öffnen
Shelton D, ‘The Legal Status of Normative Pronouncements of Human Rights Treaty Bodies’ in Holger Hestermeyer and others (eds), Coexistence, Cooperation and Solidarity: Liber Amicorum Rüdiger Wolfrum (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 2012) Google Scholar öffnen
Simma B, ‘Commission and Treaty Bodies of the UN System’ in Rüdiger Wolfrum and Volker Röben (eds), Developments of International law in treaty making (Springer 2005) Google Scholar öffnen
Singh JA and Karim SSA, ‘Trump’s “Global Gag Rule”: Implications for Human Rights and Global Health’ (2017) 5 The Lancet E387 Google Scholar öffnen
Singh JS, Creating A New Consensus on Population – The International Conference on Population and Development (Earthscan Publications 1998) Google Scholar öffnen
Sjørup L, ‘Negotiating Ethics: The Holy See and the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing 1995’ (1997) 5 Feminist Theology 73 Google Scholar öffnen
Solinger R, Beggars and Choosers – How the Politics of Choice Shapes Adoption, Abortion, and Welfare in the United States (Hill & Wang Pub 2001) Google Scholar öffnen
Southern NP and Kennedy L, ‘Trump’s Legacy Is a Global Alliance Against Women’s Rights’ (Foreign Policy, 20 January 2021) <https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/20/trump-anti-abortion-global-alliance-legacy/> Google Scholar öffnen
Spieker M, ‘Missbrauch Der UNO – Der Globale Kampf Um Die Legalisierung Der Abtreibung’ in Bernward Büchner, Claudia Kaminski and Mechthild Löhr (eds), Abtreibung – Ein neues Menschenrecht? (SINUS Verlag 2012) Google Scholar öffnen
Stettner S, Ackerman K, Burnett K, Hay T (eds), Transcending Borders – Abortion in the Past and Present (palgrave macmillan 2017) Google Scholar öffnen
Stevens A, ‘Pushing a Right to Abortion through the Back Door: The Need for Integrity in the U.N. Treaty Monitoring System, and Perhaps a Treaty Amendment’ (2018) 6 Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs 70 Google Scholar öffnen
Stewart K, The Power Worshippers Inside the Dangerous Rise of Religious Nationalism (Bloomsbury Publishing 2019) Google Scholar öffnen
Stoeckl K and Medvedeva K, ‘Double Bind at the UN: Western Actors, Russia and the Traditionalist Agenda’ (2018) 7 Global Constitutionalism 383 Google Scholar öffnen
Sylva D and Yoshihara S, ‘Rights by Stealth – The Role of UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies in the Campaign for the International Right to Abortion’ White Paper Number Eight (2009) Google Scholar öffnen
Taylor A, Cunningham E, Tsui K, and Parker C, ‘U.S. Abortion Decision Draws Cheers, Horror Abroad’ (The Washington Post, 25 June 2022) <https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/06/24/global-reaction-roe-abortion-supreme-court/> Google Scholar öffnen
Theobald B, ‘Settler Colonialism, Native American Motherhood and the Politics of Terminating Pregnancies’ in Shannon Stettner, Karina Ackerman, Kristin Burnett, Travis Hay (eds), Transcending Abortion – Abortion in the Past and Present (palgrave macmillan 2017) Google Scholar öffnen
‘“There Is No International Right to Abortion”: U.S. and 10 Other Nations Issue Joint Statement at the End the[Sic] Nairobi Summit.’ (2019) National Right to Life News 39 Google Scholar öffnen
Thielbörger P, The Right(s) to Water – The Multi-Level Governance of a Unique Human Right (Springer 2014) Google Scholar öffnen
Tobin J, ‘Seeking to Persuade: A Constructive Approach to Human Rights Treaty Interpretation’ (2010) 23 Harvard Human Rights Journal 1 Google Scholar öffnen
Tomuschat C, ‘The Right to Life – Legal and Political Foundations’ in Christian Tomuschat, Evelyne Lagrange, and Stefan Oeter (eds), The Right to Life (Brill Nijhoff 2010) Google Scholar öffnen
Tomuschat C, Human Rights – Between Idealism and Realism (3rd edition, Oxford University Press 2014) Google Scholar öffnen
True J and Wiener A, ‘Everyone Wants (a) Peace: The Dynamics of Rhetoric and Practice on “Women, Peace and Security”’ (2019) 95 International Affairs 553 Google Scholar öffnen
Ulfstein G, ‘Who Is the Final Interpreter in Human Rights: The ICJ v CERD?’ (EJIL:Talk, 22 February 2022) <https://www.ejiltalk.org/who-is-the-final-interpreter-in-human-rights-the-icj-v-cerd/> accessed 3 August 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Viens A, ‘The Right to Bodily Integrity’ in Andreas von Arnauld, Kerstin von der Decken, and Mart Susi (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of New Human Rights – Recognition, Novelty, Rhetoric (Cambridge University Press 2020) Google Scholar öffnen
von Arnauld A and Theilen JT, ‘Rhetoric of Rights’ in Andreas von Arnauld, Kerstin von der Decken, and Mart Susi (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of New Human Rights (Cambridge University Press 2020) Google Scholar öffnen
von Arnauld A, von der Decken K and Susi M, ‘Introduction’ in Andreas von Arnauld, Kerstin von der Decken, and Mart Susi (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of New Human Rights – Recognition, Novelty, Rhetoric (Cambridge University Press 2020) Google Scholar öffnen
von der Decken K and Koch N, ‘Recognition of New Human Rights’ in Andreas von Arnauld, Kerstin von der Decken, and Mart Susi (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of New Human Rights – Recognition, Novelty, Rhetoric (Cambridge University Press 2020) Google Scholar öffnen
Voss MJ, ‘The Use (or Misuse) of Amendments to Contest Human Rights Norm at the UN Human Rights Council’ (2019) 20 Human Rights Review 397 Google Scholar öffnen
Walter C, ‘Article 19 VCLT’ in Oliver Dörr and Kirsten Schmalenbach (eds), Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties – A Commentary (2nd edn, Springer Verlag 2018) Google Scholar öffnen
Warwick BTC, ‘Unwinding Retrogression: Examining the Practice of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’ (2019) 19 Human Rights Law Review 467 Google Scholar öffnen
Watson K, ‘Why We Should Stop the Term “Elective Abortion”’ (2018) 20 AMA Journal of Ethics 1175 Google Scholar öffnen
Westeson J, ‘Reproductive Health Information and Abortion Services: Standards Developed by the European Court of Human Rights’ (2013) 122 International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 173 Google Scholar öffnen
Wicks E, ‘A, B, C v Ireland: Abortion Law under the European Convention on Human Rights’ (2011) 11 Human Rights Law Review 556 Google Scholar öffnen
Wiener A, ‘Enacting Meaning-in-Use: Qualitative Research on Norms and International Relations’ (2009) 35 Review of International Studies 175 Google Scholar öffnen
Wiener A, Contestation and Constitution of Norms in Global International Relations (Cambridge University Press 2018) Google Scholar öffnen
Wiener A, ‘Norm(Ative) Change in International Relations: A Conceptual Framework’ in Heike Krieger and Andrea Liese (eds), Tracing Value Change in the International Order – Norm Change or Metamorphosis? (Oxford University Press 2023) Google Scholar öffnen
Yamin AE, ‘Sexual and Reproductive Health, Rights, and MDG 5 – Taking Stock, Looking Forward’ in Malcolm Langford, Alicia Ely Yamin, and Andy Sumner (eds), The Millennium Development Goals and Human Rights: Past, Present and Future (Cambridge University Press 2013) Google Scholar öffnen
Yamin AE, When Misfortune Becomes Injustice: Evolving Human Rights Struggles for Health and Social Equality (Stanford University Press 2020) Google Scholar öffnen
Yamin AE and Boulanger V, ‘Why Global Goals and Indicators Matter: The Experience of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in the Millennium Development Goals’ (2014) 15 Journal on Human Development and Capabilities 218 Google Scholar öffnen
Yoon S-Y, ‘The “Yin” and “Yang” of a Political Process’ in Anita Anand and Gouri Salvi (eds), Beijing! UN Fourth World Conference on Women (Women’s Feature Service 1998) Google Scholar öffnen
Yoshihara S, ‘Lost in Translation: The Failure of the International Reproductive Rights Norm’ (2013) 11 Ave Maria Law Review 367 Google Scholar öffnen
Young KG, ‘Human Rights Originalism’ (2022) 110 The Georgetown Law Journal 1097 Google Scholar öffnen
Zampas C and Andión-Ibañez X, ‘Conscientious Objection to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: International Human Rights Standards and European Law and Practice’ (2012) 19 European Journal of Health Law 231 Google Scholar öffnen
Zara Ahmed (Guttmacher Institute), ‘The Unprecedented Expansion of the Global Gag Rule: Trampling Rights, Health and Free Speech’ (Guttmacher Policy Review, 28 April 2020) <https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2020/04/unprecedented-expansion-global-gag-rule-trampling-rights-health-and-free-speech> accessed 31 July 2022 Google Scholar öffnen
Zvobgo K, Sandholtz W and Mulesky S, ‘Reserving Rights: Explaining Human Rights Treaty Reservations’ (2020) 64 International Studies Quarterly 785.’ (2020) 64 International Studies Quarterly 785 Google Scholar öffnen
Zwingel S, ‘How Do Norms Travel? Theorizing International Women’s Rights in Transnational Perspective’ (2012) 56 International Studies Quarterly 115 Google Scholar öffnen