
Merger Regulation in Eastern and Southern Africa
The Need for Effective Implementation- Autor:innen:
- Reihe:
- Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies, Band 40
- Verlag:
- 2021
Zusammenfassung
Die sozioökonomischen und politischen Merkmale der Länder des östlichen und südlichen Afrikas (ESA) erfordern einen anderen Ansatz in der Wettbewerbspolitik. Die Wettbewerbspolitik im ESA-Kontext lenkt den Blick auf drei große Themen: Entwicklung, kleine Marktwirtschaften und regionale Integration. Dies geschieht vor dem Hintergrund anderer sozioökonomischer und politischer Faktoren, die zur Einführung der Wettbewerbspolitik in den ESA-Staaten geführt haben. Durch eine vergleichende Bewertung der Fusionskontrolle in der Europäischen Union, den Vereinigten Staaten, Südafrika, dem Vereinigten Königreich und den ESA soll in diesem Buch aufgezeigt werden, ob der Ansatz der Fusionskontrolle in den ESA optimal ist oder nicht und inwieweit er optimiert werden kann.
Schlagworte
Publikation durchsuchen
Bibliographische Angaben
- Copyrightjahr
- 2021
- ISBN-Print
- 978-3-8487-8311-3
- ISBN-Online
- 978-3-7489-2701-3
- Verlag
- Nomos, Baden-Baden
- Reihe
- Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies
- Band
- 40
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Seiten
- 368
- Produkttyp
- Monographie
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisSeiten 1 - 14 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1.1 Sub-Saharan Africa Competition Policy in Perspective
- 1.2 Policy Objectives of Merger Regulation
- 1.3 Research Objectives and Questions
- 1.4 Structure of the Thesis and Methodology
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2.1 Kenya
- 2.2.2 Zambia
- 2.2.3 Zimbabwe
- 2.2.4 Tanzania
- 2.2.5 Mauritius
- 2.2.6 Malawi
- 2.2.7 Botswana
- 2.2.8 Seychelles
- 2.2.9 Namibia
- 2.2.10 Summary
- 2.3.1 Introduction
- 2.3.2.1 COMESA
- 2.3.2.2 EAC
- 2.3.2.3 SADC
- 2.3.2.4 The overlaps challenge
- 2.3.3.1 Background
- 2.3.3.2 The Tripartite FTA Agreement
- 2.3.4 The Continental Free Trade Area
- 2.3.5 Summary
- 2.4.1 Introduction
- 2.4.2 The Birth of Antitrust in the United States
- 2.4.3 The European Union
- 2.4.4.1 National Perspective
- 2.4.4.2 The Case of South Africa
- 2.4.4.3 Regional perspective
- 2.4.5.1.1.1 Foreign Direct Investment
- 2.4.5.1.1.2 Cross-border M&A
- 2.4.5.1.2 Summary
- 2.6 Conclusion
- 3.1.1 The Havana Charter
- 3.1.2 The WTO Initiatives
- 3.1.3 The United Nations Restrictive Business Practices Code
- 3.1.4 Efforts to foster legal convergence
- 3.2.1 Introduction
- 3.2.2.1.1 Assessment of Joint Ventures
- 3.2.2.3.1 The assessment of joint ventures in ESA
- 3.2.3.1 The European Union
- 3.2.3.2 The United States
- 3.2.3.3 South Africa
- 3.2.3.4 The United Kingdom
- 3.2.3.5 Eastern and Southern Africa
- 3.2.4.1.1 The Case Referral system
- 3.2.4.1.2 Procedure for Notification
- 3.2.4.2 The United States
- 3.2.4.3 South Africa
- 3.2.4.4 The United Kingdom
- 3.2.4.5.1 Pre-Notification Guidance
- 3.2.4.5.2 COMESA Case Referral System
- 3.2.4.5.3 Procedure for Notification
- 3.2.4.5.4 Confidential Information
- 3.2.4.5.5 Final Determination
- 3.2.5.1 Role of Market Definition in Merger Control
- 3.2.5.2 The Concept of Substitutability
- 3.2.5.3 Determining substitutability: The Hypothetical Monopolist Test
- 3.2.5.4 Challenges to market definition
- 3.2.5.5 The ESA Perspective
- 3.2.6.1 The United States
- 3.2.6.2 The European Union
- 3.2.6.3 South Africa
- 3.2.6.4.1.1 Analytical approach
- 3.2.6.4.1.2 Case Studies
- 3.2.6.4.2.1 Analytical approach in Tanzania
- 3.2.6.4.2.2 Case Studies
- 3.2.6.4.3.1 Analytical approach
- 3.2.6.4.3.2 Case Studies
- 3.2.6.4.4 Observations from the case studies
- 3.2.7.1 Economic efficiency, consumer welfare and total welfare
- 3.2.7.2 Efficiency Defence in Merger Regulation
- 3.2.7.3 Efficiencies in the ESA Context
- 3.2.8.1.1 Employment
- 3.2.8.1.2 Competitiveness of small businesses
- 3.2.8.1.3 Impact on particular industrial sector or region
- 3.2.8.1.4 International competitiveness of national industries
- 3.2.8.1.5 National Security
- 3.2.8.2.1 Public Interest in the Laws
- 3.2.8.2.2 Implications of the public interest considerations
- 3.2.8.2.3 Public Interest in merger cases
- 3.2.9.1 Negotiated Solutions
- 3.2.9.2 Structural Remedies
- 3.2.9.3 Behavioural Remedies
- 3.2.9.4 The ESA Remedies Approach
- 3.2.9.5 Enforcement
- 3.2.10.1 Introduction
- 3.2.10.2 Defining Mergers
- 3.2.10.3 Options for notification
- 3.2.10.4.1 Nexus with the jurisdiction
- 3.2.10.4.2 Notification threshold
- 3.2.10.4.3 Review
- 3.2.10.5 The gap in the dominance test
- 3.2.10.6 The ESA Perspective on the Competition Test
- 3.2.10.7 Public interest considerations
- 3.2.10.8 Choice of remedies
- 3.2.10.9.1 The procedural approach
- 3.2.10.9.2 The substantive approach
- 3.3.1 Introduction
- 3.3.2 The Merger Regulation Context
- 3.3.3.1 The United States
- 3.3.3.2 The European Union
- 3.3.3.3 South Africa
- 3.3.3.4 Experience in the ESA Jurisdictions
- 3.4.1 European Union and United States
- 3.4.2 South Africa
- 3.4.3 Eastern and Southern Africa
- 3.4.4 Conclusion
- 3.5.1 Introduction
- 3.5.2 Institutional Structure
- 3.5.3.1 Appointments
- 3.5.3.2 Funding
- 3.5.3.3 Autonomy
- 3.5.4 Other factors
- 3.5.5 Conclusion
- 4.1.1 Classification of mergers
- 4.1.2 Notification thresholds
- 4.1.3 Notification system
- 4.1.4 Review
- 4.2 Substantive Merger Regulation
- 4.3 Extraterritoriality and Comity
- 4.4 Institutional Design
- 4.5 Conclusion
- AnnexSeiten 335 - 338 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- BibliographySeiten 339 - 368 Download Kapitel (PDF)
Literaturverzeichnis (471 Einträge)
Es wurden keine Treffer gefunden. Versuchen Sie einen anderen Begriff.
- ABA Study on the Role of the Federal Trade Commission (1989) 58 Antitrust L.J. 53. Google Scholar öffnen
- Acemoglu, Daron, Johnson, Simon and Robinson, James A., ‘Botswana: An African Success Story’ In Dani Rodrik (Ed.), In Search of Prosperity: Analytical Narrative on Economic Growth (Princeton University Press 2003). Google Scholar öffnen
- Ackah, Charles and Morrissey, Oliver, ‘Trade Policy and Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa since the 1980s’ (Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade, University of Nottingham 2005) <https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/credit/documents/papers/05-13.pdf> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Adelman, Morris A., ‘Economic Aspects of the Bethlehem Opinion’ (1959) 45 Va. L. Rev. 684, 688. Google Scholar öffnen
- Almunia Joaquin, ‘Policy Objectives of Merger Control’ speech made on September 8, 2011 <http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-11-561_en.htm?locale=en> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- American Bar Association, International Antitrust Cooperation Handbook (ABA Book Publishing 2004). Google Scholar öffnen
- Antitrust Modernization Commission: Report and Recommendations (2007) <http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/amc/report_recommendation/amc_final_report.pdf> accessed 10 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Anyanzwa, James, ‘East Africa competition watchdog begins operations, market studies ongoing’ (The East African, 28 March 2018) <https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/East-Africa-competition-watchdog-operations-market-studies/2560-4361580-1rqaquz/index.html> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- AfDB, ‘African Development Report 2014: Regional Integration for Inclusive Growth’ (2014) <http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/ADR14_ENGLISH_web.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- AfDB et al, ‘Africa Economic Outlook 2015: Regional Development and Spatial Inclusion’ (2015) <http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/fileadmin/uploads/aeo/2015/PDF_Chapters/Overview_AEO2015_EN-web.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- AFDB, ‘Tracking Africa’s Progress in Figures’ (2014) <http://www.afdb.org/en/knowledge/publications/tracking-africa%E2%80%99s-progress-in-figures/> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- AFDB, ‘African Economic Outlook: Sustainable Cities and Structural Transformation’ (2016) <https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/AEO_2016_Report_Full_English.pdf> accessed 15 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA News, ‘New Deadline set for Ratification of Tripartite Free Trade Area’ (2021) <https://www.comesa.int/new-deadline-set-for-ratification-of-tripartite-free-trade-area/> accessed 4 May 2021. Google Scholar öffnen
- Africa Union, ‘The African Union Assembly launches the Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) negotiations’ (17 June 2015) <https://au.int/sw/node/29332> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Anderson, Robert D. and Holmes, Peter, 'Competition Policy and the Future of the Multilateral Trading System' (2002) 5 Journal of International Economic Law 2. Google Scholar öffnen
- Anderson, Robert D. and Müller, Anna Caroline, ‘Competition Law/Policy and the Multilateral Trading System: A Possible Agenda for the Future’ (2015) E15 initiative on Strengthening the Global Trade and Investment System for Sustainable Development <http://e15initiative.org/publications/competition-lawpolicy-and-the-multilateral-trading-system-apossible-agenda-for-the-future/> accessed 17 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Arezzo, Emanuela, ‘Is there a Role for Market Definition and Dominance in an effects-based Approach?’ In: Mackenrodt MO., Gallego B.C., Enchelmaier S. (eds) Abuse of Dominant Position: New Interpretation, New Enforcement Mechanisms? MPI Studies on Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law, vol 5. (Springer 2008) Google Scholar öffnen
- Bakhoum, Mor, ‘The informal economy and its interface with competition law and policy’ in Michal Gal et. al (eds), The Economic Characteristics of Developing Jurisdictions: Their Implications for Competition Law (Edward Elgar 2015). Google Scholar öffnen
- Barry, Frank, Honohan, Patrick and McIndoe-Calder, Tara, ‘Postcolonial Ireland and Zimbabwe: Stagnation before Convergence’ (2009) IIIS Discussion Paper No. 291, Institute for International Integration Studies <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1610301> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bayliss, Kate and McKinley, Terry, ‘Privatising Basic Utilities in Sub-Saharan Africa: The MDG Impact’ (UNDP 2007) <http://www.ipc-undp.org/pub/IPCPolicyResearchBrief3.pdf> accessed 15 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bellis, Jean-François and Elliott, Porter (eds), Merger Control: Jurisdictional Comparisons (2nd edn, Thomson Reuters 2014). Google Scholar öffnen
- Berthelemy, Jean-Claude, Kauffmann, Celine, Valfort, Marie-Anne and Wegner, Lucia, ‘Privatisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Where do we stand?’ (OECD 2004) <http://www.oecd.org/dev/emea/privatisationinsub-saharanafricawheredowestand.htm> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bhagavan, M R, ‘Zambia: Impact of Industrial Strategy on Regional Imbalance and Social Inequality’ (1978) Scandinavian Institute of African Studies 14 <https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/97149/44.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bhattacharjea, Aditya, ‘Who Needs Antitrust? Or, Is Developing-Country Antitrust Different? A Historical-Comparative Analysis’, in Daniel Sokol, Thomas K. Cheng & Ioannis Lianos (eds), Competition Law and Development (OUP 2013). Google Scholar öffnen
- Bishop, Simon and Walker, Mike, The Economic of EC Competition Law: Concepts, Application and Measurement (Sweet & Maxwell, 3rd edn, 2010). Google Scholar öffnen
- Blas, Javier and England, Andrew, ‘M&A activity hots up in Africa as investors bet on growth’ Financial Times (Johannesburg, 2 December 2014) <http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/47dee88a-795c-11e4-a57d-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3OhsEWIfR.> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bode, Mariana and Budzinski, Oliver, ‘Competing Ways Towards International Antitrust: The WTO versus the ICN’ (2005) New Developments in Antitrust (Nova No 3). Google Scholar öffnen
- Bok, Derek, ‘Section 7 of the Clayton Act and the Merging of Law and Economics’ (1960) 74 Harv. L. Rev 228. Google Scholar öffnen
- Boehm, Frédéric, ‘Regulatory Capture Revisited: Lessons from Economics of Corruption’ (July 2007) <https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0568/264e283cf0c69f97680152c270666649671f.pdf> accessed 9 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Booth, David et. al., ‘Drivers of Change and Development in Malawi’ (2006) Overseas Development Institute Working Paper 261 <https://www.odi.org/publications/1318-drivers-change-and-development-malawi> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Botta, Marco, ‘Does the EU Competition Law Model Satisfy the Needs of the Emerging Economies? Lessons from the Countries Without a “Carrot”’ in Karolina Podstawa and Laura Puccio (eds), ‘Framework for Economic Development in EU External Relations’ (2012) European University Institute Working Paper. Google Scholar öffnen
- Botswana Ministry of Trade and Industry, National Competition Policy of Botswana (2005) <https://www.competitionauthority.co.bw/sites/default/files/National%20Competition%20Policy%20Botswana%202005.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bowman Gilfillan, ‘Merger Control 2016: South Africa Law & Practice’ (contribution to Chambers and Partners Global Practice Guides) <http://www.chambersandpartners.com/guide/practice-guides/location/272/8560/2429-200> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bradford, Anu, ‘International Antitrust Negotiations and the False Hope of the WTO’ (2007) 48 Harvard International Law Journal 2. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bridges Africa, ‘Launch of African Tripartite FTA now set for June’ (2015) <http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges-africa/news/launch-of-african-tripartite-fta-now-set-for-june> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Broder, David, US Antitrust Law and Enforcement (2nd edn, OUP 2012). Google Scholar öffnen
- Bundeskartellamt, ‘Prohibition Criteria in Merger Control: Dominant Position versus Substantial Lessening of Competition?’ <http://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Publikation/EN/Fachartikel/Prohibition%20Criteria%20in%20Merger%20Control%20-%20Dominant%20Position%20versus%20Substantial%20Lessening%20of%20Competition.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Busuulwa, Bernard, ‘Intra-African trade rises as market access between blocs improves’ (The East African, 29 August 2015) <http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Intra-African-trade-up-as-market-access-between-blocs-improves-/-/2560/2850908/-/14qd2iy/-/index.html> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Büthe, Tim and Swank, Gabriel T., ‘The Politics of Antitrust and Merger Review in the European Union: Institutional Change and Decisions from Messina to 2004’ (2006) Harv. Ctr. for Eur. Stud.,Working Paper No. 142. Google Scholar öffnen
- Choe, Chongwoo and Shekhar, Chander, Compulsory or Voluntary Pre-Merger Notification? A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis (June 26, 2006) <https://ssrn.com/abstract=912925> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Choe, Chongwoo and Shekhar, Chander, ‘Compulsory or Voluntary Pre-Merger Notification? Theory and Some Evidence’ (2010) 28(1) International Journal of Industrial Organization <https://ssrn.com/abstract=1541703> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Clarke, Julie, ‘The International Regulation of Transnational Mergers’ (PhD Thesis, Queensland University of Technology 2010). Google Scholar öffnen
- Cohn, Carolyn and Fenton, Susan, ‘Sub-Saharan Africa M&A deals, debt issuance surge in 2013’ Reuters (London, 16 January 2014) <http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/01/16/africa-deals-idINL5N0KQ1FF20140116.> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Coleman, James S., ‘Foundations of Social Theory’ (Belknap Press, 1990). Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA, ‘COMESA Region Key Economic Infrastructure Projects’ (2013) <https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/file/16076/download?token=46F3PgO7> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA, ‘E-COMESA Newsletter’ (12 November 2014) <http://www.comesa.int/attachments/article/1379/e-comesa_newsletter_435.pdf> accessed 12 October 2018. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA, ‘Report of the 8th Annual General Meeting of Regulators of Information and Communication for Eastern and Southern Africa (ARICEA)’ (2012) < https://ariceaweb.org/attachments/article/18/8th%20ARICEA%20AGM%20final%20report%20with%20annexes%20(2).pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA, EAC and SADC, ‘First COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Summit Report’ (2008), para 9 <http://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/1633> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA, EAC and SADC, ‘Communiqué of the Second COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Summit’ (2011) <http://repository.eac.int:8080/handle/11671/550> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA, EAC and SADC, ‘Communiqué of the Third COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Summit’ (2015) <http://www.sadc.int/files/5914/3401/0196/Communiqu_of_the_3rd_COMESA_EAC_SADC_Tripartite_Summit.pdf> accessed 23 April 2018. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA, EAC and SADC, ‘Report of 3rd TTC-MBP, Tripartite Agreement on Movement of Business Persons’ (2014) <https://tis.sadc.int/files/8614/1640/5306/Draft_Tripartite_Agreement_on_Business_Persons.pdf> accessed 18 November 2018. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA Merger Statistics <http://www.comesacompetition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/No-of-Mergers-Handled-by-CCC-2013-June-2016.pdf> accessed 5 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA, ‘Final Communique´ of The Eighteenth Summit of the COMESA Authority Of Heads of State and Government’ (COMESA 18th Summit 2015) <http://dhanaanmedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/150331_Final-communique_March-2015_new.pdf.pdf> accessed 5 March 2017. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition and Fair Trading Commission of Malawi Annual Reports <http://www.cftc.mw/index.php/2013-12-16-13-35-12/reports/annual-reports/30-20122013-annual-report.html> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition and Tariff Commission of Zimbabwe Annual Reports <http://www.competition.co.zw/publications/annual-reports> accessed 5 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Authority of Botswana Annual Reports <http://www.competitionauthority.co.bw/annual-reports> accessed 22 February 2017. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Authority of Kenya Annual Reports < http://www.cak.go.ke/images/docs/> accessed 22 February 2017. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Commission and Competition Tribunal of South Africa, ‘Ten years of enforcement by the South African Competition Authorities: Unleashing Rivalry’ (2009) <http://www.compcom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/10year.pdf> accessed 16 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Commission of Namibia Newsletters <http://www.nacc.com.na/publications/newsletters.php> accessed 5 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Commission of South Africa Annual Report 2006/2007, <http://www.compcom.co.za/annual-reports/> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Commission South Africa, Background note to the public interest guideline (Background Note) <http://www.compcom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Final-Background-Note-to-Public-Interest-Guideline-210115.pdf> accessed 5 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Crettez, Bertrand, Deffains, Bruno and Musy Olivier, ‘On Legal Cooperation and the Dynamics of Legal Convergence’ (2010) (Economix Working Paper 17), <http://ideas.repec.org/p/drm/wpaper/2010-17.html> accessed 16 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- CUTS International, ‘Competition Regimes of the World: A Civil Society Report: Kenya’ (2006) CUTS Civil Society Report <https://competitionregimes.com/pdf/Africa/46-Kenya.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- CUTS International, ‘Competition Regimes of the World: A Civil Society Report: Mauritius’ (2006) CUTS Civil Society Report, 254-259 <https://competitionregimes.com/pdf/Africa/48-Mauritius.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- CUTS International, ‘Competition Regimes of the World: A Civil Society Report: Malawi’ (2006) CUTS Civil Society Report <https://competitionregimes.com/pdf/Africa/47-Malawi.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- CUTS International, ‘Competition Regimes of the World: A Civil Society Report: Namibia’ (2006) CUTS Civil Society Report <https://competitionregimes.com/pdf/Africa/50-Namibia.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- CUTS International, ‘Competition Regimes of the World: A Civil Society Report: Tanzania’ (2006) CUTS Civil Society Report <https://competitionregimes.com/pdf/Africa/56-Tanzania.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- CUTS International, ‘Competition Regimes of the World: A Civil Society Report: Zambia’ (2006) CUTS Civil Society Report <https://competitionregimes.com/pdf/Africa/59-Zambia.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- CUTS International, ‘Competition Regimes of the World: A Civil Society Report: Zimbabwe’ (2006) CUTS Civil Society Report <https://competitionregimes.com/pdf/Africa/60-Zimbabwe.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Davies, Stephen and Lyons, Bruce, Mergers and Merger Remedies in the EU: Assessing the Consequences for Competition (Edward Elgar 2007). Google Scholar öffnen
- Debevoise & Plimpton LLP, ‘Merger control in the UK (England and Wales): overview’ (Practical Law Global Guide 2015/16) <global.practicallaw.com/0-500-7317> accessed 18 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Department of State, ‘Proposal for Expansion of World Trade and Employment’ (1945, Commercial Policy Series 79) <http://www.worldtradelaw.net/misc/ProposalsForExpansionOfWorldTradeAndEmployment.pdf.download#page=4> accessed 21 December 2018. Google Scholar öffnen
- DOJ, ‘Antitrust Division Policy Guide to Merger Remedies’ (2011), <https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/atr/legacy/2011/06/17/272350.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Drexl, Josef, ‘Consumer Welfare and consumer harm: adjusting competition law and policies to the needs of developing jurisdictions’ in Michal Gal et. al (eds), The Economic Characteristics of Developing Jurisdictions: Their Implications for Competition Law (Edward Elgar 2015). Google Scholar öffnen
- Drexl, Josef, 'International Competition Policy after Cancún: Placing a Singapore Issue on the WTO Development Agenda' (2004) 27 World Competition Law and Economics Review 3. Google Scholar öffnen
- Drexl, Josef, Bakhoum, Mor, Fox, Eleanor, Gal, Michal & Gerber, David (eds), Competition Policy and Regional Integration in Developing Countries (Edward Elgar 2012). Google Scholar öffnen
- Drexl J, ‘Economic Integration and Competition Law in Developing Countries’ in Josef Drexl, Mor Bakhoum, Eleanor M. Fox, Michal S. Gal & David J. Gerber (eds), Competition Policy and Regional Integration in Developing Countries (Edward Elgar 2012). Google Scholar öffnen
- Duisenberg, Willem F., ‘The Past and Future of European Integration: A Central Banker's Perspective’ (1999) Per Jacobsson Lecture <http://www.imf.org/external/am/1999/lecture.htm.> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Du Plessis, Louise, Judd, Lurie and van Buuren, Amy, ‘Competition law in the developing world: A fish out of water?’ (Competition Law, Economics and Policy Conference, October 2011) <http://www.compcom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/FINAL-PAPER-2011.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- EAC, ‘East African Community Trade Report’ (2013) <http://www.eac.int/sites/default/files/docs/report_eac_trade_2013.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- EAC, ‘East African Community Trade Report’ (2014) <http://www.eac.int/sites/default/files/docs/eac_trade_report_2014.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- EAC Secretariat, ‘Annual Progress Report of the Council to the Summit of EAC Heads of State for the period December 2013 to November 2014’ (2015) <http://www.eac.int/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1807:annual-progress-report-of-the-council-to-the-16th-ordinary-heads-of-state-summit-for-the-period-december-2013-november-2014-&catid=146:press-releases&Itemid=194> accessed 14 September 2015. Google Scholar öffnen
- EAC Secretariat, ‘East African Community Trade Report’ (2013) <https://www.eac.int/documents/category/trade-investment-reports> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- EAC Secretariat, ‘Report of the Committee on Fast Tracking East African Federation’ (2004) <http://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/1966> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- EAC Secretariat, ‘Status of Elimination of Non-Tariff Barriers in the East African Community’ (2014) <http://repository.eac.int/bitstream/handle/11671/416/NTBs%20Vol%207%20-%20compressed.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- EALA, ‘Report of On-Spot Assessment on the EAC Single Customs Territory’ (2014) <http://www.eala.org/documents/view/on-spot-assessment-of-the-eac-single-customs-territory-sct> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Edwards, C.D., ‘Size of Markets, Scale of Firms and the Character of Competition’ in Robinson E.A.G. (ed) Economic Consequences of the Size of Nations (Palgrave Macmillan 1960). Google Scholar öffnen
- Egge, Michel D and Cruise, Jason D, ‘Practical guide to the U.S. merger review process’ (2014) Concurrences N° 1 <https://www.lw.com/thoughtLeadership/practical-guide-us-merger-review-process-012014> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Emmert, Frank, Kronthaler, Franz, Stephan, Johannes, ‘Analysis of statements made in favour of and against the adoption of competition law in developing and transition economies’ (2005) Institut Für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle Report, 9 < https://www.iwh-halle.de/fileadmin/user_upload/publications/iwh_sonderhefte/SH_05-1.pdf> accessed 17 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Erasmus, Gerhard, ‘The Agreement preceding the Agreement: how the negotiating principles decided the Tripartite FTA game plan’ in Hartzenberg T et al (eds) Cape to Cairo: Exploring the Tripartite FTA agenda (tralac 2013) <http://www.tralac.org/publications/article/5548-cape-to-cairo-exploring-the-tripartite-fta-agenda.html> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Erasmus, Gerhard, ‘The Tripartite Free Trade Agreement: Results of Phase One of the Negotiations’ (2015) <http://www.tralac.org/publications/article/7803-the-tripartite-free-trade-agreement-results-of-phase-one-of-the-negotiations.html> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ernst and Young, ‘The East African Community amends customs duties and common external tariffs’ (2018) <https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/The_East_African_Community_amends_customs_duties_and_common_external_tariffs/$FILE/2018G_010349-18Gbl_Indirect_East%20African%20Community%20amends%20customs%20duties%20and%20external%20tariffs.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ernst and Young, ‘East Africa Budget 2015/2016; Economic and Tax Focus’ (2015) <http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-east-africa-budget-2015-2016-economic-and-tax-focus/$FILE/EY-east-africa-budget-2015-2016-economic-and-tax-focus.pdf> accessed 5 March 2017. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ernst and Young, ‘Navigating Africa´s Current Uncertainties’ (2016) <https://www.tralac.org/images/docs/9673/ey-attractiveness-program-africa-2016.pdf> accessed 18 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- English, Philip, ‘Mauritius: Reigniting the Engines of Growth A Teaching Case Study’ (2002) Teaching Notes <http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/936011468757482849/Teaching-notes> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- European Commission, Competition Merger Brief, issue 1/2014 <http://ec.europa.eu/competition/publications/cmb/2014/CMB2014-01.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- European Commission, Competition: Merger Control Procedures (2013) <http://ec.europa.eu/competition/publications/factsheets/merger_control_procedures_en.pdf> accessed 18 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- European Commission, Roundtable on Cartel Jurisdiction Issues, including the Effects Doctrine DAF/COMP/WP3/WD(2008)93. Google Scholar öffnen
- Evenett, Simon J., ‘Would Enforcing Competition Law Compromise Industrial Policy Objectives?’ in Douglas H. Brooks & Simon J. Evenett (eds), Competition Policy and Development in Asia (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005). Google Scholar öffnen
- Evenett, Simon J., ‘Study on Issues Relating to a Possible Multilateral Framework on Competition Policy’ (2003) Report prepared for the Secretariat of the World Trade Organization. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fair Competition Commission of Tanzania Newsletter (April-June 2011) <http://www.competition.or.tz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48:lorem-ipsum-is-simply-dummy-text-of-the-printing&catid=22:news-and-events&Itemid=144> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fels, Allan and Ng, Wendy, ‘Rethinking Competition Advocacy in Developing Countries’ Daniel Sokol, Thomas K. Cheng & Ioannis Lianos (eds), Competition Law and Development (OUP 2013). Google Scholar öffnen
- Fiebig, Andre, ‘A Role for the WTO in International Merger Control’ (1999-2000) 20 Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus. 233. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fine, Ben and Rustomjee, Zavareh, The Political Economy of South Africa – From Minerals-Energy Complex to Industrialisation (Hurst and Company 1996). Google Scholar öffnen
- Fox, Eleanor, ‘The Kaleidoscope of Antitrust and its significance in the World Economy: Respecting Differences’ in Barry E. Hawk (ed.), Annual Proceeding of the Fordham Corporate Law Institute Conference on International Antitrust Law & Policy (Juris 2001), 597-603. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fox, Eleanor and Healey, Deborah, ‘When the State Harms Competition: The Role for Competition Law’ (2014) 79 Antitrust. L. J. 769. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fox, Eleanor and Trebilcock, Michael (eds), The Design Of Competition Law Institutions (1st edn, OUP 2013). Google Scholar öffnen
- Fox, Eleanor, ‘US and EU Competition Law: A Comparison’ in J. David Richardson and Edward M. Graham (eds), Global Competition Policy (Peterson Institute for International Economics 1997). Google Scholar öffnen
- Fox, Eleanor and Pitofsky, Robert, ‘Goals of US Competition Policy’ in J. David Richardson and Edward M. Graham (eds), Global Competition Policy (Peterson Institute for International Economics 1997). Google Scholar öffnen
- Fox, Eleanor, ‘Competition Law and the Agenda for the WTO: Forging the links of Competition and Trade’ (1995) 4(1) Pac. Rim Law & Pol.y. 1. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fox, Eleanor, ‘Antitrust and Regulatory Federalism: Race up, Down and Sideways’ (2000) 75 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1781. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fox, Eleanor, ‘Toward World Antitrust and Market Access’ (1997) 91 Am. J. Int'l L. 1. Google Scholar öffnen
- FTC, ‘A Study of the Commission’s Divestiture Process’ (1999) <https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/attachments/merger-review/divestiture.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- FTC and DOJ, ‘Hart-Scott-Rodino Annual Report: Fiscal Year 2014’ <https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/reports/federal-trade-commission-bureau-competition-department-justice-antitrust-division-hart-scott-rodino.s.c.18a-hart-scott-rodino-antitrust-improvements-act-1976/150813hsr_report.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- FTC, ‘Negotiating Merger Remedies: Statement of the Bureau of Competition of the Federal Trade Commission’ (2012) <https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/attachments/negotiating-merger-remedies/merger-remediesstmt.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gal, Michal S., Competition Policy for Small Market Economies (Harvard University Press, 2003). Google Scholar öffnen
- Gal, Michal S., ‘When the Going Gets Tight: Institutional Solutions When Antitrust Enforcement Resources Are Scarce’ (2010) 41 Loy. U. Chi. L.J. 417, 423–425. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gal, Michal S. and Fox, Eleanor M., ‘Drafting competition law for developing jurisdictions: learning from experience’ in Michal Gal et. al (eds), The Economic Characteristics of Developing Jurisdictions: Their Implications for Competition Law (Edward Elgar 2015). Google Scholar öffnen
- Gal, Michal, ‘The Ecology of Antitrust: Preconditions for Competition Law Enforcement in Developing Countries’ in Philippe Brusick, Ana Maria Alvarez and Lucian Cernat (eds), Competition, Competitiveness and Development: Lessons from Developing Countries (UNCTAD 2004). Google Scholar öffnen
- Gann, Lewis H. and Duignan, Peter, Burden of Empire: An Appraisal of Western Colonialism in Africa South of the Sahara (Hoover Institution Press 1967). Google Scholar öffnen
- Gao, Shangquan, ‘Economic Globalization: Trends, Risks and Risk Prevention’ ST/ESA/2000/CDP/1 <http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/cdp/cdp_background_papers/bp2000_1.pdf> accessed 22 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gaomab, Mihe, ‘Competition Policy and Competitiveness in Namibia’ <http://www.nacc.com.na/cms_documents/703_competition_policy_and_competitiveness.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gardner, Richard N., Sterling-dollar diplomacy in current perspective: the origins and the prospects of our international economic order (Columbia University Press 1980). Google Scholar öffnen
- Gelhorn, Ernest et al., ‘Has Antitrust Outgrown Dual Enforcement? A proposal for Rationalization’ (1990) 35 Antitrust Bull. 695. Google Scholar öffnen
- Geroski, Paul, ‘Thinking creatively about markets’ (1998) 16 International Journal of Industrial Organization 6. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gertz, Geoffrey, ‘Kenya’s Trade Liberalization of the 1980s and 1990s: Policies, Impacts, and Implications’ (2008) Background paper commissioned by the Carnegie Endowment. <http://carnegieendowment.org/files/kenya_background.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gerber, David J., Global Competition: Law, Markets and Globalization (Oxford University Press 2010). Google Scholar öffnen
- Gerber, David J., ‘Adapting the Role of Economics in Competition Law: A Developing Country Dilemma’ in Michal S. Gal et al. (eds), The Economic Characteristics of Developing Jurisdictions: Their Implications for Competition Law (Edward Elgar 2015). Google Scholar öffnen
- Godana, Tekaligne and Odada, John E., ‘Sources of Growth in Africa: A Case Study of Namibia’ (2002) <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.590.3047&rep=rep1&type=pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Government of Kenya, Sessional Paper No. 10 of 1965: African Socialism and its application to planning in Kenya (Sessional Paper 1965) <https://www.knls.ac.ke/images/AFRICAN-SOCIALISM-AND-ITS-APPLICATION-TO-PLANNING-IN-KENYA.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Grant, Jeremy and Neven, Damien, ‘The attempted merger between General Electric and Honeywell; A case of transatlantic conflict’ (March 2005) <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/competition/economist/honeywell.pdf> accessed 22 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Graz, Jean-Christophe, ‘The Havana Charter: when state and market shake hands’ in Rainer Kattel, Jayati Ghosh & Erik Reinert (Eds), Handbook of Alternative Theories of Economic Development (E. Elgar, 2016). Google Scholar öffnen
- Green Paper on the Review of Council Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89, COM/2001/0745. Google Scholar öffnen
- Greif, Avner, Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy: Lessons from Medieval Trade (Cambridge University Press 2006). Google Scholar öffnen
- Griffin, Joseph, ‘Foreign Governmental Reactions to U.S. Assertions of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction’ (1998) 6 Geo. Mason L. Rev. 505. Google Scholar öffnen
- Guzman, Andrew (ed), Cooperation, Comity and Competition Policy (OUP 2011). Google Scholar öffnen
- Hill, Mathew, ‘Zambia Blocks Local Merger of Toyota-CFAO on Competition Grounds’ (29 January 2013) <http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-01-29/zambia-blocks-local-merger-of-toyota-cfao-on-competition-grounds accessed 22 February 2017> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hoeg, Dorte, European Merger Remedies: Law and Policy (Hart Publishing 2014). Google Scholar öffnen
- IBA, Report of the Task Force on Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (International Bar Association 2009) <http://tinyurl.com/taskforce-etj-pdf> accessed 9 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- ICN, International Enforcement Cooperation Project <http://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/uploads/library/doc794.pdf> accessed 9 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- ICN: Merger Guidelines Workbook (April 2006) <https://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/portfolio/merger-guidelines-workbook/> accessed 18 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- ICN, ‘Merger Remedies Review Project’ (Bonn, 2005) <http://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/uploads/library/doc323.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- ICN, Practical Guide to International Enforcement Cooperation in Mergers <http://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/uploads/library/doc1031.pdf> accessed 9 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- ICN, ‘Project on Merger Guidelines’ <https://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/portfolio/merger-guidelines-report/> accessed 18 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- ICN, Recommended Practices for Merger Notification Procedures <http://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/uploads/library/doc588.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- ICN, Recommended Practices for Merger Analysis <http://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/uploads/library/doc316.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- ICN, Setting Notification Thresholds for Merger Review (Kyoto 2008) <http://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/uploads/library/doc326.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ihucha, Adam, ‘EAC Competition Authority to Start Operations in July’ (The East African Standard 18 June 2016) <https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/EAC-competition-authority-to-start-operations-in-July-/2560-3255818-pwwagnz/index.html> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- ILC, Report on the work of its fifty-eighth session, Supplement No. 10 (A/61/10) Annex E. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction <http://www.tjsl.edu/slomansonb/5.1_UNExtra.pdf> accessed 9 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Illy, Ousseni, ‘Trade remedies in Africa: experiences, challenges and prospects’ (2015) <http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges-africa/news/trade-remedies-in-africa-experiences-challenges-and-prospects> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Imam, Patrick, ‘Effect of IMF Structural Adjustment Programs on Expectations: The Case of Transition Economies’ (2007) IMF Working Paper <https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2016/12/31/Effect-of-IMF-Structural-Adjustment-Programs-on-Expectations-The-Case-of-Transition-Economies-21449> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- IMF, ‘Malawi: Economic Development Document’ (2017) IMF Country Report No. 17/184 <https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2017/07/05/Malawi-Economic-Development-Document-45037> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Inter-American Development Bank and OECD, ‘Merger Control Laws and Procedures in Latin America and the Caribbean’ (discussion paper 2005), 7 <http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/41/57/38835612.pdf> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- IPAN, ‘COMESA Infrastructure kitty hits $22 million’ (2015) <http://www.ipan.co.za/?p=314> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Jacobs, P.A.M. and van Norden, Simon, ‘Why Are Initial Estimates of Productivity Growth So Unreliable?’ (2016) 47 J. MACROECONOMICS 200. Google Scholar öffnen
- Luebking, Johannes, ‘T-Mobile Austria/tele.ring: Remedying the loss of a maverick’ (Competition Policy Newsletter, 2006) <http://ec.europa.eu/competition/publications/cpn/2006_2_46.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Jones, Clifford A., ‘Toward Global Competition Policy?: The Expanding Dialogue on Multilateralism’ (2000) 23 World Competition, Issue 2, 95–100. Jones C, ‘Toward Global Competition Policy?: The Expanding Dialogue on Multilateralism’ (2000) 23 World Competition, Issue 2, 95–100. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kaonga, Kondwani and Muteto, Parret, ‘Understanding Competition and Regulation across Borders: A Toyota Tshusho Case Study’ (Competition and Consumer Protection Commission of Zambia, 2015) <https://static1.squarespace.com/static/52246331e4b0a46e5f1b8ce5/t/55349f5ee4b047c173df89f9/1429512030611/Parret+Muteto+et+al_Understanding+Competition+and+Regulation+across+borders.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kaplow, Louis, ‘On the Choice of Welfare Standards in Competition Law’ in Daniel Zimmer (ed), The Goals of Competition Law (Edward Elgar, 2012). Google Scholar öffnen
- Kayuni, Happy M., ‘Malawi’s Economic and Development Policy Choices from 1964 to 1980: An Epitome of ‘Pragmatic Unilateral Capitalism’ (2011) 20 Nordic Journal of African Studies 2 <http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol20num2/kayuni.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kovacic, William E., ‘Getting Started: Creating New Competition Policy Institutions in Transition Economies’ (1997) 23 Brook. J. Int’l L. 403. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kovacic, William and Lopez-Galdos, Marianela, ‘Lifecycles of Competition Systems: Explaining Variation in the Implementation of New Regimes’ (2016) 79 Law and Contemporary Problems 4. Google Scholar öffnen
- Krattenmaker T, Lande R and Salop S, ‘Monopoly power and Market Power in Antitrust Law’ (1987) 76(2) Georgetown Law Journal 241. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lewin, Michael, ‘Botswana's Success: Good Governance, Good Policies, and Good Luck’ (2019), <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265285982> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lewis, David, ‘Embedding a Competition Culture: Holy Grail or Attainable Objective?’ in Developing Countries’ Daniel Sokol, Thomas K. Cheng & Ioannis Lianos (eds), Competition Law and Development (OUP 2013). Google Scholar öffnen
- Levy, Nicholas, ‘The EU’s SIEC Test Five Years On: Has it Made a Difference?’ (2010) 6(1) European Competition Journal 211. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ligami, Christabel, ‘Uganda Ratifies the Monetary Union’ (The East African, 7 February 2015) <http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Uganda-ratifies-the-monetary-union/-/2558/2616360/-/g05itfz/-/index.html> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lindsay, Alistair and Berridge, Alison, The EU Merger Regulation: Substantive Issues (4th edn, Sweet and Maxwell, 2009). Google Scholar öffnen
- Makina, Daniel, ‘Historical Perspective on Zimbabwe’s Economic Performance: A Tale of Five Lost Decades. Journal of Developing Societies’ (2010) 26 Journal of Developing Societies 1 <https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X1002600105> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mallya, Aileen, ‘COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Framework: State of Play’ (2011) <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271524706_COMESA-EAC-SADC_Tripartite_framework_state_of_play> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mandalu, Martin, Thakhathi, DR, and Costa, Hofisi, ‘Investigation on Tanzania’s Economic History since Independence: The Search for a Development Model’ (2018) 4 World Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 1 <http://pubs.sciepub.com/wjssh/4/1/4> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mario Mariniello, Neven, Damien and Padilla, Jorge, ‘Antitrust, Regulatory Capture, and Economic Integration’ (2015) E15Initiative. Geneva: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and World Economic Forum, 1 <www.e15initiative.org/> accessed 10 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- McDonald, Stephen et al, ‘Why Economic Partnership Agreements undermine Africa’s Regional Integration’ (2013), 4 <https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/why-economic-partnership-agreements-undermine-africas-regional-integration> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mehta, Pradeep, Mitra, Siddharta and Dube, Cornelius, ‘Competition Policy and Consumer Policy: Complementarities and Conflicts in the Promotion of Consumer Welfare’ in Hassan Qaqaya and George Limpile (eds), The Effects of Anti-Competitive Business Practices on Developing Countries and their Development Prospects (United Nations Publication 2008). Google Scholar öffnen
- Mo Ibrahim Foundation, ‘Regional Integration: Uniting to Compete’ (2014) <http://static.moibrahimfoundation.org/downloads/publications/2014/2014-facts-&-figures-regional-integration-uniting-to-compete.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Monti, Mario, ‘Market definition as a cornerstone of EU Competition Policy’ speech made on 5 October, 2001, <http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-01-439_en.htm?locale=en> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mugisa, Evarist et al, ‘An Evaluation of the Implementation and Impact of the East African Community Customs Union’ (2009) <https://www.academia.edu/27637527/An_Evaluation_of_the_Implementation_and_Impact_of_the_East_African_Community_Customs_Union> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mushakavanhu, Tinashe, ‘Kenya is building Africa’s biggest wind energy farm to generate a fifth of its power, Quartz Africa’ (2015) <http://qz.com/444936/kenya-is-building-africas-biggest-wind-energy-farm-to-generate-a-fifth-of-its-power/> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Nelson, Ralph L., Merger Movements in American Industry (Princeton University Press 1959). Google Scholar öffnen
- Ncube, Mthuli, `Mergers and Acquisitions in Africa´ (AFDB 2012) <http://www.afdb.org/en/blogs/afdb-championing-inclusive-growth-across-africa/post/mergers-and-acquisitions-in-africa-10163/.> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ngwenya, Avias and Robb, Genna, ‘Theory and practice in the use of merger remedies: considering South African experience’ <http://www.compcom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/NgwenyaRobbMerger-Remedies.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ngowi, Honest Prosper, ‘Economic development and change in Tanzania since independence: The political leadership factor’ (2009) 3 African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 4 <http://www.academicjournals.org/app/webroot/article/article1379789169_Ngowi.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ngwenya, Sindiso et al, ‘Key Issues in Regional Integration’ (2013) 2, 131 <https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/key-issues-on-intergration-ii_final_final_cutout_print.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, ‘South Africa: Peer Review of Competition Law and Policy’ (2003), 9-11 <http://www.oecd.org/southafrica/34823812.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, Investigations of Consummated and Non-notifiable Mergers: European Union DAF/COMP/WP3/WD(2014)19 <http://ec.europa.eu/competition/international/multilateral/2014_feb_mergers_investigations_en.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, Investigations of Consummated and Non-notifiable Mergers: United States DAF/COMP/WP3/WD(2014)23 <https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/attachments/us-submissions-oecd-other-international-competition-fora/consummated_mergers_us_oecd.pdf> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, Local Nexus and Jurisdictional Thresholds in Merger Control, DAF/COMP/WP3(2016)4. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, Recommendation of the OECD Council concerning International Co-operation on Competition Investigations and Proceedings, C(2014)108 <https://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/2014-rec-internat-coop-competition.pdf> accessed 19 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, Recommendation of the Council on Merger Review (2005) <https://www.oecd.org/competition/mergers/40537528.pdf > accessed 19 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, Remedies in Merger Cases (DAF/COMP(2011)13) <http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/RemediesinMergerCases2011.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, Standard for Merger Review (OECD Policy Roundtables 2009) DAF/COMP(2009)21 <https://www.oecd.org/competition/mergers/45247537.pdf> accessed 17 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, Substantive Criteria used for Merger Assessment, DAFFE/COMP(2003)5 <http://www.oecd.org/competition/mergers/2500227.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, Competition Law and Policy in South Africa: OECD Peer Review (2003) <http://www.oecd.org/southafrica/34823812.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, Market Definition, DAF/COMP(2012)19 <http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/Marketdefinition2012.pdf> accessed 26 August 2018. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, ‘The Objectives of Competition Law and Policy’ CCNM/GF/COMP(2003)3 <http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/2486329.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD, ‘The Role of Efficiency Claims in Antitrust Proceedings’ <http://www.oecd.org/competition/EfficiencyClaims2012.pdf > accessed 19 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Owen, Deborah K. and Parisi, John J., ‘International Mergers and Joint Ventures: A Federal Trade Commission Perspective’ (1990) Fordham Corporate Law Institute 1. Google Scholar öffnen
- Paas-Mohando, Katri, ‘Choice of merger notification system for small economies’ (2013) 34(10) E.C.L.R., 548. Google Scholar öffnen
- Peerun-Fatehmamode, Reshma, Bundoo, Sunil and Jankee, Kheswam, ‘Competition Scenario in Mauritius’ (2006) CUTS International < http://www.cuts-ccier.org/7up3/pdf/CRR-Mauritius.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Poddar, Dave and Stooke, Gemma, ‘Consideration of Public Interest Factors in Antitrust Merger Control’ (2015) Competition Policy International <https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/consideration-of-public-interest-factors-in-antitrust-merger-control/> accessed 9 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Press Release nº 21/99, Judgment of the Court of First Instance in Case T-102/96. Google Scholar öffnen
- Richman, Barak D., ‘Contracts and Cartels: Reconciling Competition and Development Policy’ in Daniel Sokol, Thomas K. Cheng & Ioannis Lianos (eds), Competition Law and Development (OUP 2013). Google Scholar öffnen
- Robinson, John Alan, and Parsons, Neil, ‘State Formation and Governance in Botswana’ (2006) 15 Journal of African Economies 1 <https://scholar.harvard.edu/jrobinson/publications/state-formation-and-governance-botswana> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rodriguez, Armando E. and Coate, Malcolm B., ‘Competition Policy in Transition Economies: The Role of Competition Advocacy’ (1997) 23 Brook. J. Int’l L. 365. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rodrik, Dani, ‘Globalization and growth - looking in the wrong places’ (2004) 26(4) Journal of Policy Modelling, 513-517. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rojid, Sawkut, Afif, Ahmed, and Sacerdoti, Emilio, ‘Seychelles: How Classic Policies Restored Sustainability’ (2013) World Bank <https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/Africa/Seychelles/sc-how-classic-policies-restored-sustainability.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rungien, Siven Pillay, ‘Competition in Paradise: A look at the competition law and enforcement activities of Mauritius’ (2011) Queen Mary University Global Antitrust Review 4 <http://www.icc.qmul.ac.uk/media/icc/gar/gar2011/GAR-journal-2011_10_rungien.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- SADC, ‘Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP)’ (2001) <http://www.sadc.int/files/5713/5292/8372/Regional_Indicative_Strategic_Development_Plan.pdf> accessed 14 October 2018. Google Scholar öffnen
- SADC Secretariat, ‘35th Summit of SADC Heads of State and Government’ (2015) <http://www.sadc.int/news-events/news/35th-sadc-summit-brochure/> accessed 22 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Sagers C (ed), Handbook on the Scope of Antitrust (American Bar Association 2015). Google Scholar öffnen
- Seidler, Valentin, ‘Why did Botswana end up with Good Institutions: The Role of Culture and Colonial Rule’ (2010) Vienna University for Economics and Business: Institute for Economic and Social History < https://ssrn.com/abstract=3051011> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Shekhar, Chander and Williams, Philip, ‘Should the Pre-Notification of Mergers be Compulsory in Australia?’ (2004) 37 The Australian Economic Review 382. Google Scholar öffnen
- Sherwood, Marika, ‘Pan-African Conferences, 1900-1953: What did ‘Pan-Africanism’ Mean?’ (2012) 4 The Journal of Pan African Studies 10 <http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol4no10/4.10Pan-African.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Simpson, Howard, Zambia: A Country Study (Scandinavian Institute of African Studies 1985), pp 11-13 <http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:277702/FULLTEXT01.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Singh, Ajit, ‘Competition and competition policy in emerging markets: International and development dimensions’ (2002) G-24 Discussion Paper Series, Paper No. 18. United Nations <https://unctad.org/en/docs/gdsmdpbg2418_en.pdf> accessed 17 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, ‘Merger Control 2016 – USA Law & Practice’ (contribution to Chambers and Partners Global Practice Guides) <http://www.chambersandpartners.com/guide/practice-guides/location/272/8096/2500-200> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Soludo, Charles C. et. al. (eds), The Politics of Trade and Industrial Policy in Africa: Forced Consensus? (The International Development Research Centre 2004) <https://www.idrc.ca/sites/default/files/openebooks/125-6/index.html> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Stewart, Taimoon, ‘The Fate of Competition Policy in Cancun: Politics or Substance?’ (2004) 31 Legal Issues of Econ. Integration 7. Google Scholar öffnen
- Stocking, George and Mueller, Willard, The Cellophane Case and the New Competition (1955) 45 American Economic Review 29. Google Scholar öffnen
- Suliman, Osman and Ghebreysus, Ghirmay, ‘Determinants of Privatisation in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries: Is Privatisation Politically Induced?’ (2001) 26(2) Journal of Economic Development 45. Google Scholar öffnen
- Sullivan, Lawrence A., Handbook of the Law of Antitrust (West Publishing Company, 1977). Google Scholar öffnen
- Sutherland, Philip and Kemp, Katharine, Competition Law of South Africa (Service Issue 18, LexisNexis 2014). Google Scholar öffnen
- Svetlicinii, Alexandr, ‘EU-US Merger Control Cooperation: A Model for the International Antitrust?’ (2006) 11(3) Journal for Legal Theory and Practice of the Jurists Association of Serbia, 113-126 <http://ssrn.com/abstract=1325695> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Thorelli, Hans B., The Federal Antitrust Policy (Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore 1955). Google Scholar öffnen
- The ICPAC Final Report (2000) <http://www.justice.gov/atr/icpac/finalreport.html.> accessed 22 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Toye, Richard, ‘Developing Multilateralism: The Havana Charter and the Fight for the International Trade Organization, 1947–1948’ (2003) 25 International History Review. Google Scholar öffnen
- Trofimov, Ivan D., ‘The Failure of the International Trade Organization (ITO): A Policy Entrepreneurship Perspective’ (2012) 5 Journal of Politics and Law 56. Google Scholar öffnen
- UNCTAD, ‘Competition Policy, Trade and Development in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa’ (1999) UNCTAD Series on Issues in Competition Law and Policy, Geneva. Google Scholar öffnen
- UNCTAD, ‘Economic Development in Africa Report 2009: Strengthening Regional Economic Integration for Africa’s Development’ (2009) <http://unctad.org/en/Docs/aldcafrica2009_en.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- UNCTAD, Foundations of an effective competition agency TD/B/C.I/CLP/8 <http://unctad.org/en/docs/ciclpd8_en.pdf> accessed 10 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- UNCTAD: Model Law on Competition (United Nations 2010). Google Scholar öffnen
- UNCTAD, Model Law on Competition (2010): Revised chapter IX <http://unctad.org/en/Docs/ciclpL2_en.pdf> accessed 10 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- UNCTAD, ‘World Investment Report: Investor Nationality: Policy Challenges’ (2016) <http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2016_en.pdf> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- UNECA, ‘Towards a Common Currency in the East African Community (EAC) Issues, Challenges and Prospects’ (2012) <https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/towards_a_common_currency_in_the_eac-2012.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- UNECA, ‘Economic Report on Africa 2008: Africa and the Monterrey Consensus: Tracking Performance and Progress’ (2008) <http://www.uneca.org/publications/economic-report-africa-2008> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- United Nations Industrial Development Organization, ‘Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: Determinants and Location Decisions’ (2009) <https://open.unido.org/api/documents/4818201/download/Foreign%20Direct%20Investment%20in%20Sub-Saharan%20Africa%20-%20Determinants%20and%20Location%20Decisions> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Vandemoortele, Milo and Bird, Kate, ‘Progress in economic conditions: Sustained success against the odds in Mauritius’ (2011) Overseas Development Institute <https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/11579.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Werner, Wolfgang, ‘A Brief History of Land Disposession in Namibia’ (1993) 19 Journal of Southern African Studies 1 <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057079308708351> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Weymouth, Stephen, ‘Competition Politics: Interest Groups, Democracy, and Antitrust Reform in Developing Countries’ (2016) 61 Antitrust Bull. 296. Google Scholar öffnen
- Whish, Richard and Bailey, David, Competition Law (7th edn, OUP 2012). Google Scholar öffnen
- White, Lawrence J., ‘The Role of Competition Policy in the Promotion of Economic Growth’ (Essay presented at the Competition Policy Research Center of the Fair Trade Commission of Japan’s International Symposium, March 30, 2008) <http://web-docs.stern.nyu.edu/old_web/emplibrary/competition%20policy%20and%20growth.ljw%20draft%203-30-08.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Wilcox, Clair, ‘The London Draft of a Charter for an International Trade Organization’ (1947) 37 Am. Econ. Rev. 529. Google Scholar öffnen
- Wood, Diane P., ‘Antitrust: A Remedy for Trade Barriers?’ (1995) Asian Law Program, Japan Information Access Project, Washington, D.C. <http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/speeches/0170.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- World Bank, ‘World Bank Annual Report’ (2007) <http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTANNREP2K7/Resources/English.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- World Bank Group, ‘Structural Adjustment and Zimbabwe’s Poor’ (2012) <http://lnweb90.worldbank.org/oed/oeddoclib.nsf/DocUNIDViewForJavaSearch/15A937F6B215A053852567F5005D8B06> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- World Bank Group, ‘Global Indicators of Regulatory Governance’ <http://rulemaking.worldbank.org/~/media/WBG/CER/Documents/Global-Indicators-of-Regulatory-Governance-Project-Summary.pdf?la=en> accessed 19 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- World Bank and EAC Secretariat, ‘East African Common Market Scorecard 2014: Tracking EAC compliance in the movement of Capital, Services and Goods’ (2014) < http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/799871468194049251/Main-report> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- YeungLamKo, Louis, ‘The Economic Development of Mauritius Since Independence’ (1998) School of Economics, University of New South Wales <http://wwwdocs.fce.unsw.edu.au/economics/Research/WorkingPapers/1998_6.pdf> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Zäch, Roger, ‘Competition law should promote economic and social welfare by ensuring the freedom to compete – a lawyer’s view’ in Joseph Drexl, Laurence Idot and Joel Moneger (eds), Economic Theory and Competition Law (Edward Elgar, 2009). Google Scholar öffnen
- Zambia and IMF, ‘Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility: Policy Framework Paper, 1999-2001’ (1999) <https://www.imf.org/external/np/pfp/1999/zambia/> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Zamfir, Ionel, ‘The Tripartite Free Trade Area project Integration in southern and eastern Africa’ (2015) <http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/551308/EPRS_BRI(2015)551308_EN.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Zerk Jennifer A., ‘Extraterritorial Jurisdiction: Lessons for the business and human rights sphere from six regulatory areas’ (Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative Working Paper No. 59. 2010) <http://www.hks.harvard.edu/mrcbg/CSRI/publications/workingpaper_59_zerk.pdf> accessed 9 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Agreement Establishing a Tripartite Free Trade Area among The Common Market For Eastern And Southern Africa, The East African Community And The Southern African Development Community < https://www.tralac.org/news/article/7646-signed-agreement-establishing-a-tripartite-free-trade-area-among-comesa-the-eac-and-sadc.html> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA Agreement) <https://au.int/en/treaties/agreement-establishing-african-continental-free-trade-area> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Agreement between the European Communities and the Government of the United States of America on the application of positive comity principles in the enforcement of their competition laws, (1998) O.J. L 173/28. Google Scholar öffnen
- Agreement on Trade, Development and Cooperation between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of South Africa, of the other part (OJ L 311 , 04/12/1999 P. 0003 – 0415). Google Scholar öffnen
- Antitrust Enforcement Guidelines for International Operations (April 1995) <https://www.justice.gov/atr/antitrust-enforcement-guidelines-international-operations> accessed 9 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bekanntmachung der Neufassung des Gesetzes gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen (26 Juni 2013 BGBl. I S.1750, 3245). Google Scholar öffnen
- Best Practices on Cooperation between EU National Competition Authorities in Merger Review <http://ec.europa.eu/competition/ecn/nca_best_practices_merger_review_en.pdf> accessed 9 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Best Practices on the Conduct of EC Merger Proceedings (20/01/04) <http://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/legislation/proceedings.pdf > accessed 23 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Cancún WTO Ministerial 2003: Draft Cancún Ministerial Text JOB(03)/150/Rev.2. Google Scholar öffnen
- Charter of the Organization of African Unity (OAU Charter) 479 U.N.T.S. 39 <https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/charter-organization-african-unity-479-unts-39-entered-force-sept-13-1963> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Charter of the International Competitiveness Advisory Committee (1997) <https://www.justice.gov/atr/charter-international-competitiveness-advisory-committee> accessed 17 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 18. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA Competition Regulations, gazette vol 17 no 12. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA Market Definition Guidelines (2019) <https://www.comesacompetition.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Final-Guidlines-on-Market-Definition.pdf> accessed 23 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA Merger Assessment Guidelines <http://www.comesacompetition.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/141121_COMESA-Merger-Assessment-Guideline-October-31st-2014.pdf> accessed 23 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Commission Notice on the concept of full-function joint ventures under Council Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 on the control of concentrations between undertakings (98/C 66/01). Google Scholar öffnen
- Commission Consolidated Jurisdictional Notice under Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 on the control of concentrations between undertakings (2008/C 95/01). Google Scholar öffnen
- Commission Notice on Case Referral in respect of Concentrations (2005/C 56/02). Google Scholar öffnen
- Commission Notice on a simplified procedure for treatment of certain concentrations under Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 (2013/C 366/04). Google Scholar öffnen
- Commission Notice on remedies acceptable under Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 and under Commission Regulation (EC) No 802/2004 (2008/C 267/01). Google Scholar öffnen
- Commission Regulation implementing Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 (EC) No 802/2004 OJ L 133) amended by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1033/2008 OJ L 279. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Commission of South Africa, Practitioner Update: The application of merger provisions of the Competition Act 89 of 1998, as amended, to joint ventures, <http://www.compcom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Practitoner-Update-Joint-Ventures-Published-version.doc> accessed 17 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Authority of Botswana Market Definition Guidelines (2014) <http://www.competitionauthority.co.bw/sites/default/files/MARKET%20DEFINITION%20GUIDELINES.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Authority of Botswana Merger Assessment Guidelines <http://www.competitionauthority.co.bw/sites/default/files/MERGER_ASSESSMENT_0.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Act of Botswana no 17/2009. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Authority of Kenya Consolidated Guidelines on the Substantive Assessment of Mergers under the Competition Act <http://www.cak.go.ke/images/docs/Merger%20Guidelines.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Authority of Kenya, Guidelines on Relevant Market Definition, para. 3 <http://www.cak.go.ke/images/docs/guidelines_for__market_definition1.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Act of Kenya no 12/2010. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Act of Namibia no 2/2003. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Act of Zimbabwe cap 14/28. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition and Fair Trading Act of Malawi no 43/1998. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition and Fair Trading Commission: Merger Assessment Guidelines <http://www.cftc.mw/index.php/2013-12-16-13-35-12/guidelines/28-mergers-and-acqusitions-guidelines/file.html> accessed 23 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Act of Mauritius no 25/2007. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Commission of Mauritius Guidelines: Mergers <http://www.ccm.mu/English/Documents/Legislations/CCM5%20-%20Guidelines%20-%20Mergers_Nov09.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Commission of Mauritius Guidelines on Remedies and Penalties (2009) <http://www.ccm.mu/English/Documents/Legislations/CCM6%20-%20Guidelines%20-%20Remedies%20and%20Penalties_Nov09.pdf> accessed 9 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Commission of Mauritius Market Definition and the Calculation of Market Shares (2009) <http://www.ccm.mu/English/Documents/Legislations/CCM2%20-%20Guidelines%20-%20Market%20definition_Nov09.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Act no. 89 of 1998 <http://www.compcom.co.za/the-competition-act/> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Commission South Africa, Guidelines on the assessment of public interest provisions in merger regulation under the Competition Act No. 89 of 1998. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Commission of South Africa, M&A Service Standards (2015) <http://www.compcom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Service-Standards_2015_Final.pdf> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Commission of South Africa, Determination of Merger Thresholds and Method of Calculation, GN 216 (6 March 2009). Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Commission of South Africa, Rules for the Conduct of Proceedings in the Competition Commission, Proclamation No. 12, GG 22025, 01/02/2001. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition Tribunal of South Africa, Rules for the Conduct of Proceedings in the Competition Tribunal, GN 22025 vol. 428, 01/02/2001. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition and Consumer Protection Act of Zambia no 24/2010. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition and Consumer Protection Commission: Guidelines for Merger Regulation <http://www.ccpc.org.zm/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/CCPC-Mergers-Guideline.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition and Markets Authority, Mergers: Guidance on the CMA’s Jurisdiction and Procedure (2014). Google Scholar öffnen
- Competition and Markets Authority, Merger Remedies: Competition Commission Guidelines (cc8, 2008). Google Scholar öffnen
- Cooperation Arrangement Between the Commissioner of Competition (Canada), the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and the New Zealand Commerce Commission Regarding the Application of their Competition and Consumer Laws <http://www.competitionbureau.gc.ca/eic/site/cb-bc.nsf/eng/01595.html> accessed 9 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Council Regulation on the Control of Concentrations between Undertakings (EC) No 139/2004 OJ L 24/1. Google Scholar öffnen
- Defense Production Act 1950 (50 USC app 2170). Google Scholar öffnen
- Draft agreement establishing the COMESA, EAC and SADC Tripartite Free Trade Area (2010) <http://www.tralac.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/12/files/2011/uploads/Draft_Tripartite_FTA_Agreement_Revised_Dec_2010.pdf> accessed 20 July 2018. Google Scholar öffnen
- Doha WTO Ministerial 2001: Ministerial Declaration WT/MIN(01)/DEC/1. Google Scholar öffnen
- EAC Gazette Notice No. 8 of 2018 <https://www.eac.int/documents/category/gazette> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- EAC Gazette Notice No. 2 of 2007 <https://www.eac.int/documents/category/gazette> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fair Competition Act of Seychelles no 18/2009. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fair Trading Commission of Seychelles Act no 17/2009 and no 6/2015. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fair Trading Commission of Seychelles Guidelines on the Definition of Relevant Market. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fair Trading Commission of Seychelles: Penalties and Remedies. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fair Competition Commission of Tanzania Merger Guidelines <http://www.competition.or.tz/attachments/article/59/fcc_merger_guidelines_tanzania.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fair Competition Act of Tanzania no 8/2003. Google Scholar öffnen
- Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45. Google Scholar öffnen
- Foreign Investment and National Security Act 2007 (50 USC app 2061). Google Scholar öffnen
- FTC, To File or not to File: When you must file a Premerger Notification Report Form (September 2008) <ftc.gov/bc/hsr> accessed 23 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- FTC, ‘What is the Premerger Notification Program?: An Overview’ (March 2009) <https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/attachments/premerger-introductory-guides/guide1.pdf> accessed 23 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen (Act against Restraints of Competition) in the version published on 15 July 2005 (Bundesgesetzblatt (Federal Law Gazette) I, page 2114; 2009 I page 3850). Google Scholar öffnen
- Guidance on Substantive Merger Control (Bundeskartellamt 2012) <http://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Publikation/EN/Leitlinien/Guidance%20-%20Substantive%20Merger%20Control.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6.> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Guidelines for Negotiating the Tripartite Free Trade Area among the Member/Partner States of COMESA, EAC and SADC (2011), para 2 <http://www.tralac.org/images/docs/5284/tfta-negotiating-principles-12062011.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Guidelines on the assessment of horizontal merger under the Council Regulation on the control of concentrations between undertakings, OJ C 31, 5 February 2004. Google Scholar öffnen
- Guidelines on the assessment of non-horizontal mergers under the Council Regulation on the control of concentrations between undertakings, OJ C 265, 18 October 2008. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act, 15 U.S. Code § 18a. Google Scholar öffnen
- Havana Charter for an International Trade Organization (U.N. E/Conf. 2/78 (1948) reprinted in UN. Doc. ICITO/1/4 (1948). Google Scholar öffnen
- Implementing Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 on the control of concentrations between undertakings, (EC) No 802/2004. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mauritius Fair Trading Commission Act, No 17 of 2009. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mauritius Competition Commission Rules of Procedure GN 161/2009 <http://www.ccm.mu/English/Documents/Legislations/Rules-of-Procedure-2009-051112.pdf> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Namibian Competition Commission Merger Guidelines <http://www.nacc.com.na/cms_documents/820_merger_guidelinesapril16.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Notice on the definition of relevant market for the purposes of Community competition law, OJ (1997) C 372/5. Google Scholar öffnen
- Organization of African Unity: Declaration on African Cooperation, Development, and Economic Independence, I.L.M 12(4): 996-1013. Google Scholar öffnen
- Protocol on Trade in the SADC Region (1996), art 2 <http://www.sadc.int/files/4613/5292/8370/Protocol_on_Trade1996.pdf> accessed 22 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Republic of South Africa, ‘Board of Trade and Industries Act’, No 28 of 1923 and No 19 of 1944. Google Scholar öffnen
- Republic of South Africa, ‘Maintenance and Promotion of Competition Amendment Act, No 5 of 1986. Google Scholar öffnen
- Republic of South Africa, ‘Regulation of Monopolistic Conditions Act’ No 24 of 1955. Google Scholar öffnen
- Restrictive Business Practices: Arrangements for Consultations, Decision of 18 November 1960, BISD 9S/28, <http://www.worldtradelaw.net/misc/rbp1.pdf.download> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Revised Jurisdictional Thresholds for Section 7A of the Clayton Act, Federal Register / April 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Roadmap for Establishing the Tripartite FTA <http://www.trademarksa.org/sites/default/files/publications/Roadmap%20for%20TFTA%20Negotiation%20-%2012.06.2011.pdf> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- SADC Declaration on Regional Cooperation in Competition and Consumer Policies (2009) <http://www.sadc.int/documents-publications/show/SADC_Declaration_on_Competition_and_Consumer_Policies.pdf.> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1, 2. Google Scholar öffnen
- Singapore WTO Ministerial 1996: Ministerial Declaration WT/MIN(96)/DEC. Google Scholar öffnen
- The Restrictive Trade Practices, Monopolies and Price Control Act, Laws of Kenya Chapter 504. (RTPM Act). Google Scholar öffnen
- The United Nations Set of Principles and Rules on Competition TD/RBP/CONF/10/Rev.2 (1980). Google Scholar öffnen
- Treaty establishing the African Economic Community (AEC Treaty), 30 I.L.M. 1241 (1991) Google Scholar öffnen
- Treaty Establishing the Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern African States (PTA Treaty), 21 ILM 479 (1981). Google Scholar öffnen
- Treaty Establishing the Common Market for Easter and Southern Africa <http://www.comesacompetition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/COMESA_Treaty.pdf> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community <http://eacj.eac.int/?page_id=33> accessed 17 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Treaty of the Southern African Development Community <http://www.sadc.int/files/9113/5292/9434/SADC_Treaty.pdf.> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 2012/C 326/01. Google Scholar öffnen
- UK Enterprise Act (2002 c. 40). Google Scholar öffnen
- UK Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act (2013 c.24). Google Scholar öffnen
- US Non-Horizontal Merger Guidelines <http://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/atr/legacy/2006/05/18/2614.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- WTO, Decision Adopted by the General Council on 1 August 2004 WT/L/579. Google Scholar öffnen
- 1991 EU/US Competition Cooperation Agreement, (1995) O.J. L 95/47. Google Scholar öffnen
- Cottesloe Consultants (Cottesloe) & Bokomo Botswana (Bokomo) Google Scholar öffnen
- G4S (Botswana) Limited, Trojan Security Services (Trojan) & Facilities Management Group (Shield Security, PS Cleaning and Facilities Management Business)(FMG) Google Scholar öffnen
- Kalend (Pty) Ltd (Kalend) & Bokamoso Private Hospital (BPHT) Google Scholar öffnen
- Decision of the Committee of Initial Determination on the Application for Authorisation of the Merger between PPC International Holdings Proprietary Limited (“PPC International”) and CIMERWA Limited (“CIMERWA”), Case File No. CCC/MER/8002/2013. Google Scholar öffnen
- Decision of the Committee of Initial Determination Regarding the Merger between CFR Inversiones SPA and Adcock Ingram Holdings Limited, CASE FILE No. CCC/MER/1223/2013. Google Scholar öffnen
- Decision of the nineteenth Committee responsible for Initial Determination Meeting Regarding the proposed Merger between China National Tire and rubber Co. Ltd and Pirelli and C.S.p.A, Staff paper No. 2016/03/07/04/JB Google Scholar öffnen
- PPC International Holdings Proprietary Limited (PPC International) & CIMERWA Limited (CIMERWA) Google Scholar öffnen
- Buzeki Dairy Limited (Buzeki) & Brookside Dairy Limited Google Scholar öffnen
- Real Insurance Company Limited (Real) & British–American Investments Company (Kenya) Limited (Britam) Google Scholar öffnen
- Toyota Tshusho Corporation (Toyota) & CFAO Google Scholar öffnen
- Dhunseri Petrochem and Tea Pte Limited & Global Tea and Commodities Limited Google Scholar öffnen
- First Merchant Bank Limited & International Commercial Bank Limited Google Scholar öffnen
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation & CFAO Malawi Ltd/Cica Motors Ltd Google Scholar öffnen
- Event Strategy Ltd & LC Events Co. Ltd CCM/DS/002. Google Scholar öffnen
- Investigation on the proposed merger of the insurance businesses of Swan Group and Rogers Group: Report of the Executive Director <http://www.ccm.mu/English/Documents/News_2012/29.02.12_2.pdf> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Investigation on the proposed merger of the insurance businesses of Swan Group and Rogers Group: Commission Decision CCM/DS/0013. Google Scholar öffnen
- Proposed Merger between Holcim Ltd & Lafarge S.A: Decision of the Competition Commission (CCM/DS/0016). Google Scholar öffnen
- Review of Completed Merger of Event Strategy Ltd & LC Events Co Ltd: Final Report <http://www.ccm.mu/English/Documents/Investigations/INV008%20-%20Final%20Report%20Public%20Version.pdf> accessed 25 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Colas South Africa (Pty) Ltd (Colas South Africa) & The Roads Contractor Company Ltd (RCC) and Guinea Fowl Investments Seventeen (Pty) Ltd (Guinea) Google Scholar öffnen
- Guinea Fowl Investments Twenty Five (Pty Ltd (Guinea Fowl) & the Private Label Store Card Portfolio of Edgars Stores Namibia (Pty) Ltd (Edgars) Google Scholar öffnen
- Metcash Trading Namibia (Pty) Ltd (Metcash) & Sefalana Cash & Carry (Namibia) (Pty) Ltd (Sefalana) Google Scholar öffnen
- AgriGroupe Holdings (Pty) Ltd and AFGRI Ltd, Competition Tribunal case no. 017939 ((15 April 2014). Google Scholar öffnen
- American Natural Soda Ash Corporation and another v Competition Commission and others Case 12/CAC/DEC01 (30 October 2003). Google Scholar öffnen
- American Natural Soda Ash Corporation and another v Competition Commission and others South Africa Competition Tribunal 49/CR/Apr00 and 87/CR/Sep00 (30 November 2001). Google Scholar öffnen
- A P Moller-Maersk and Royal P & O Nedlloyd N.V., Competition Tribunal case no 48/LM/May05 (12 May 2006). Google Scholar öffnen
- BB Investment Company (Pty) Ltd and Adcock Ingram Holdings (Pty) Ltd, Competition Tribunal case no: 18713 ((19 August 2014). Google Scholar öffnen
- Distillers Corporation (SA) Limited & Stellenbosch Farmers Winery Group Ltd Competition Tribunal case no 08/LM/Feb02 (19 March 2003). Google Scholar öffnen
- Distillers Corporation (SA) Ltd / SFW Group Ltd and Bulmer (SA) (Pty) Ltd / Seagram Africa (Pty) Ltd, 08/CAC/May01 (27 November 2001). Google Scholar öffnen
- Ethos Private Equity Fund IV/Tsebo Outsourcing Group (pty) Ltd 30/LM/Jun03 (3 October 2003). Google Scholar öffnen
- Iscor Limited and Saldanha Steel (Pty) Ltd, Competition Tribunal case no. 67/LM/Dec01 (4 April 2002. Google Scholar öffnen
- Harmony Gold Mining Company and Gold Fields, case no. 41/LM/Jul10) (19 May 2005). Google Scholar öffnen
- Massmart Holdings Ltd and Jumbo Cash and Carry (Pty) Limited Competition Tribunal case no 39/LM/Jul01 (10 October 2001). Google Scholar öffnen
- Medicross Healthcare Group (Pty) Ltd v Competition Commission 55/CAC/Sep05. Google Scholar öffnen
- Metropolitan Holdings Limited and Momentum Group Limited, Competition Tribunal case no 41/LM/Jul10 (9 December 2010). Google Scholar öffnen
- Mondi Ltd & Kohler Cores and Tubes a division of Kohler Packaging Limited Competition Tribunal case no 06/LM/Jan02 (20 June 2002). Google Scholar öffnen
- Nedbank Limited and Imperial Bank Limited, Competition Tribunal case no. 70/LM/Oct09 (12 January 2010). Google Scholar öffnen
- Nestle (SA) (Pty) Limited & Pets Products (Pty) Limited Competition Tribunal case no 21/LM/Apr01 (18 June 2001). Google Scholar öffnen
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc and Pannar Seed (Pty) Ltd v Competition Commission case no 81/AM/Dec10 (9 December 2011). Google Scholar öffnen
- Primedia Ltd v Competition Commission 39/AM/May06 (9 May 2008). Google Scholar öffnen
- Sasol Limited et al., Competition Tribunal case no 101/LM/Dec04 (23 February 2006). Google Scholar öffnen
- Telkom SA Limited and Business Connexion Group Limited, Competition Tribunal case no: 51/LM/Jun06 (20 August 2007). Google Scholar öffnen
- Thaba Chueu Mining (Pty) Ltd v Samquarz (Pty) Ltd, Competition Tribunal case no. 10/AM/Jan12 (15 November 2012). Google Scholar öffnen
- The Tongaat-Hulett Group Limited and Transvaal Suiker Beperk, Middenen Ontwikkeling (Pty) Ltd, Senteeko (Edms) Bpk, New Komati Sugar Miller’s Partnership, TSB Bestuursdienste, Competition Tribunal case no: 83/LM/Jul00 (27 November 2000). Google Scholar öffnen
- Unilever Plc et al. and Robertsons Foods (Pty) Ltd, Competition Tribunal case no: 55/LM/Sep01 (6 March 2002). Google Scholar öffnen
- Walmart and Massmart et al., Competition Appeal Court, case nos. 110/CAC/Jul11 and 111/CAC/Jun11 (9 March 2012). Google Scholar öffnen
- Walmart Stores Inc and Massmart Holdings Limited, Competition Tribunal case no. 73/LM/Dec10 (2010) (29 June 2011). Google Scholar öffnen
- Helios Towers Tanzania Infraco Limited (HTT) & Millicom International Cellular (MIC) Tanzania Limited. Google Scholar öffnen
- Uranium One Inc. and Mantra Australia Google Scholar öffnen
- Toyota Tshusho Corporation (TTC) & CFAO Google Scholar öffnen
- Makro Zimbabwe (Makro) & OK Zimbabwe Limited (OK) Google Scholar öffnen
- Renaissance Merchant Bank Limited (Renaissance) & National Social Security Authority (NSSA) Google Scholar öffnen
- Zimbabwe Online (Pvt) Limited (ZOL) & Data Control & Systems (1996) Limited (DCS) Google Scholar öffnen
- Aerospatiale-Alenia/De Havilland Commission decision 91/619/EEC [1991] OJ 334/42. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ahlström Osakeyhtiö and others v Commission (1988) ECR 5193. Google Scholar öffnen
- Airtours/First Choice commission decision 2000/276/EC [1999] OJ 93/1. Google Scholar öffnen
- EDP v Commission Case T-87/05 [2005] E.C.R. II-3745. Google Scholar öffnen
- Case 85/76 Hoffmann-La Roche [1979] E.C.R. 461. Google Scholar öffnen
- Case 322/81 Michelin v Commission [1983] E.C.R. 3461. Google Scholar öffnen
- Case No IV/M.619 Gencor/Lonrho, OJ 1997 L 11. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gencor v Commission, judgement of the General Court, case T-102/96. Google Scholar öffnen
- General Electric v Commission Case T-210/01 [2005] E.C.R. II-5575. Google Scholar öffnen
- ICI v Commission (1972) ECR 619. Google Scholar öffnen
- T-Mobile Austria/tele.ring case COMP/M.3916. Google Scholar öffnen
- United Brands Company and United Brands Continental Bv v Commission (Case 27/76), [1978] ECR 207; [1978] 1 Common Market Law Review (CMLR) 429. Google Scholar öffnen
- Volvo/Scania [2001] OJ L 143/74. Google Scholar öffnen
- Total Deutschland GmbH and OMV Deutschland GmbH, B8 – 175/08. Google Scholar öffnen
- American Banana Co. v. United Fruit Co 213 U.S. 347 (1909). Google Scholar öffnen
- Brown Shoe Co., Inc. v. United States 370 U.S. 294 (1962). Google Scholar öffnen
- FTC v. H.J. Heinz Co. and Milnot Holding Corporation 246 F.3d 708 (2001). Google Scholar öffnen
- Hartford Fire Insurance Co v California 509 U. S. 764 (1993). Google Scholar öffnen
- Institut Merieux, S.A., No. 891-0098, 55 Fed. Reg. 1614 (Jan. 17, 1990). Google Scholar öffnen
- Lafarge S.A.; Blue Circle Industries PLC; Blue Circle North America, Inc.; and Blue Circle, Inc. (2001), 66 Fed. Reg. 34,682. Google Scholar öffnen
- Laker Airways Ltd. v. Sabena, Belgian World Airlines 731 F.2d 909 (1984 U.S. App. Decision). Google Scholar öffnen
- Ryanair / Aer Lingus, Case No COMP/M.4439 (2007). Google Scholar öffnen
- Timberlane Lumber Co. v. Bank of America National Trust & Savings Association 549 F. 2 d 597 (9th Cir. 1976). Google Scholar öffnen
- Tenet Health Care Systems and Slidell Memorial Hospital (2003) <http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2003/04/lahospmerger.htm> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- United States v Aluminium Co of America 148 F.2d 416 (2d Cir. 1945). Google Scholar öffnen
- United States v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 351 U.S. 377 (1956). Google Scholar öffnen
- United States v. Franklin Electric Co., United Dominion Industries, Ltd., and United Dominion Industries, Inc., 130 F. Supp. 2d 1025 (W.D. Wis. 2000). Google Scholar öffnen
- United States v. Interstate Bakeries Corp. and Continental Baking Co., 60 Fed. Reg. 40,195 (Aug. 7, 1995). Google Scholar öffnen
- About the European Commission <http://ec.europa.eu/about/index_en.htm#president> accessed 10 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Africa Competition Forum <http://www.africancompetitionforum.org/> accessed 10 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- African Union, CFTA: Continental Free Trade Area, <https://au.int/en/ti/cfta/about> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- ARICEA Constitution. <https://ariceaweb.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=13> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- AU in a Nutshell <https://au.int/en/au-nutshell> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bundeskartellamt: Legislation <http://www.bundeskartellamt.de/EN/AboutUs/Bundeskartellamt/legislation/legislation_node.html> accessed 26 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA’s Regional Payment and Settlement System (REPSS) Goes Live <https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/media/statements/COMESA_REPSS.html> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite <https://www.eac.int/tripartite> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- COMESA Competition Commission MOUs <http://www.comesacompetition.org/?cat=14.> accessed 25 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Deal Drivers Africa (2016) <http://dealdriversafrica.mergermarket.com/overview-ma-activity-in-africa> accessed 25 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Directorate-General for Competition <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/competition/index_en.htm> accessed 10 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- EAC Common Market: Overview <https://www.eac.int/common-market> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- EAC, Customs <https://www.eac.int/security/index.php?option=com_content&id=29:eac-portal> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- EAC, Five Commissioners of the EAC Competition Authority sworn in at the EAC <https://www.eac.int/press-releases/605-1048-346-five-commissioners-of-the-eac-competition-authority-sworn-in-at-the-eac> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer: Antitrust and Public Interest <http://www.freshfields.com/en/global/TKT2015/8__Antitrust_and_the_public_interest> accessed 9 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- FTC, A Brief Overview of the Federal Trade Commission's Investigative and Law Enforcement Authority (July 2008) <https://www.ftc.gov/about-ftc/what-we-do/enforcement-authority> accessed 6 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- History of the EAC <https://www.eac.int/eac-history> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- ICN: About <http://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/about.aspx.> accessed 22 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- ICN: History <http://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/about/history.aspx.> accessed 22 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- International Trade Centre (ITC) <http://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct_TS.aspx> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, The Data Collection Survey for Djibouti Corridor: Final Report <http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12302642_01.pdf> accessed 22 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mauritius: Economic Outline <http://www.mauritiustrade.mu/en/trading-with-mauritius/mauritius-economics-outline> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Non-Tariff Barriers: Reporting, Monitoring and Eliminating Mechanism <http://www.tradebarriers.org/about> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD: Competition <http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/.> accessed 22 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- OECD: Competition Global Relations <http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/competitionglobalrelations.htm.> accessed 22 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- SADC Integration Milestones <http://www.sadc.int/about-sadc/integration-milestones/> accessed 22 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- SA Competition Commission: File a merger <http://www.compcom.co.za/file-a-merger/> accessed 25 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- SADC Facts and Figures <http://www.sadc.int/about-sadc/overview/sadc-facts-figures/> accessed 25 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- The GATT years: From Havana to Marrakesh <http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact4_e.htm#rounds.> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- The Schuman Declaration – 9th May 1950 <http://europa.eu/about-eu/basic-information/symbols/europe-day/schuman-declaration/index_en.htm.> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- UNCTAD: Intergovernmental Deliberations <http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DITC/CompetitionLaw/Intergovernmental-Deliberations.aspx.> accessed 22 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- UNCTAD: Mandate and Key Functions <http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DITC/CompetitionLaw/ccpb-Mandate.aspx.> accessed 22 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- Unilateral Declaration of Independence of Rhodesia <https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/knowledge/Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence.html> accessed 15 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- WTO: Built-in Agenda: Work set out in existing agreements <https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min99_e/english/about_e/04agen_e.htm> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- WTO, Day 5: Conference ends without Consensus <http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min03_e/min03_14sept_e.htm> accessed 17 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- WTO: How the negotiations are organised <https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dda_e/work_organi_e.htm> accessed 16 July 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- WTO, Members and Observers <http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm.> accessed 25 September 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- WTO, Press Brief on Competition Policies <http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min96_e/comppol.htm.> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- WTO, The 128 countries that had signed GATT by 1994 <http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/gattmem_e.htm.> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen
- WTO, The First WTO Ministerial Conference <http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min96_e/min96_e.htm.> accessed 23 August 2019. Google Scholar öffnen




