Cover des Buchs: Bioethics and the Patent Eligibility of Human Embryonic Stem Cells-Related Inventions in Europe
Monographie Open Access Vollzugriff

Bioethics and the Patent Eligibility of Human Embryonic Stem Cells-Related Inventions in Europe

Autor:innen:
Verlag:
 2014

Zusammenfassung

Neu entstehende Technologien wie die Biotechnologie stellen eine Kontroverse und Herausforderung für das Patentrecht dar. Das Werk analysiert die neuesten Entwicklungen in der Rechtsprechung zur Zulässigkeit von Patenten im Rahmen der Stammzellen-Forschung in Europa.

Publikation durchsuchen

Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr
2014
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-1471-1
ISBN-Online
978-3-8452-5514-9
Verlag
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe
Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies
Band
22
Sprache
Englisch
Seiten
86
Produkttyp
Monographie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 - 10 Download Kapitel (PDF)
  2. Introduction 11 - 12 Download Kapitel (PDF)
  3. Background to the Science 13 - 16 Download Kapitel (PDF)
  4. Legal Provisions Applicable to the Patent Eligibility of hESC‑Related Inventions 17 - 20 Download Kapitel (PDF)
  5. Ethics and Stem Cell Related Patents 21 - 34 Download Kapitel (PDF)
  6. The Panorama in Europe 35 - 46 Download Kapitel (PDF)
  7. EPO’s Web of Precedents 47 - 54 Download Kapitel (PDF)
  8. CJEU’s Brüstle Judgment 55 - 71 Download Kapitel (PDF)
  9. Conclusion 72 - 74 Download Kapitel (PDF)
  10. Annex 75 - 80 Download Kapitel (PDF)
  11. List of Works Cited 81 - 86 Download Kapitel (PDF)

Literaturverzeichnis (97)

  1. Articles Google Scholar öffnen
  2. Annas, George J., A French Homunculus in a Tennessee Court, 19 The HASTINGS CENTER REP. 20, 22 (1989) available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/3561982 (last visited 11.8.2012) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.2307/3561982
  3. Bagley, Margo, Patent First, Ask Questions Later: Morality and Biotechnology in Patent Law, 45 WM. & MARY.L. REV. 469, 534 (2003) Google Scholar öffnen
  4. Bassil, Nick, Developments in the Patentability of Inventions Relating to Human Embryonic Stem Cells, 12 BIO-SCIENCE L. REV., 6 (2011) Google Scholar öffnen
  5. Bonadio, Enrico, Biotech Patents Morality After Brüstle, 7 EUROPEAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REVIEW [E.I.P.R] 441 (2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  6. Burley, Justine, An Abstract Approach to the Regulation of Human Genetics: Law, morality and Social Policy in THE REGULATORY CHALLENGE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, BIOTECHNOLOGY REGULATION SERIES 86 (Han Somsen ed., Edward Elgar Publishing 2007) Google Scholar öffnen
  7. Byrne, J.A et al. Producing Primate Embryonic Stem Cells by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, 450 NATURE, 497, 497 (2007) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1038/nature06357
  8. Ding, Sheng & Schultz, Peter G., A Role for Chemistry in Stem Cell Biology, 22 NATURE BIOTECH. 833,839 (2004) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1038/nbt987
  9. Egerer, Peter Who in Our Society Should Take on the Responsibility of Deciding What Is Ethically or Morally Just, and What Are the Criteria Upon Which Decisions Should Be Based, in EPOSIUM 1992 GENETIC ENGINEERING -THE NEW CHALLENGE 332(Cookson et al.eds., European Patent Office, 1993) Google Scholar öffnen
  10. Elstner, A. et al., The Changing Landscape of European and International Regulation on Embryonic Stem Cell Research, 2 STEM CELL RESEARCH 101,104-105 (2009) Google Scholar öffnen
  11. Gambari, Roberto & Finotti, Alessia, Bioethics and Freedom of Scientific Research in Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Biology, in BIOTECH INNOVATION and FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 120 (Bin et al. eds, Springer 2012) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2032-0_9
  12. Goldman, Steve, Stem and Progenitor Cell-Based Therapy of the Human Central Nervous System, 23 NATURE BIOTECH. 862, 867 (2005) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1038/nbt1119
  13. Grund, Martin & Farmer, Stacey J., Brüstle v. Greenpeacce: The End of Road for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Patents, 12 BIO-SCIENCE L. REV. 44, (2011) Google Scholar öffnen
  14. Isasi, Rosario M.& Knoppers, Bartha M., Towards Commonality? Policy Approaches to Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research in Europe, in EMBRYONIC STEM CELL PATENTS (Aurora Plomer&Paul Torremans, eds., Oxford University Press, 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
  15. Karet, Bryan, Moral Dilemmas in the History of Patent Legislation, in EPOSIUM 1992 GENETIC ENGINEERING -THE NEW CHALLENGE (Cookson et al.eds., European Patent Office, 1993) Google Scholar öffnen
  16. Liddell, Kathleen, Immmorality and Patents: The Exclusion of Inventions Contrary to Ordre Public and Morality in NEW FRONTIERS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 140, 168 (Annabelle Lever, ed., Cambridge University Press, 2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  17. Machlup, Fritz, An Economic Review of the Patent System, 15 Study of the Subcomittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate 23 (1958) Google Scholar öffnen
  18. Manninen, Bertha Alvarez, Are Human Embryos Kantian Persons?: Kantian Considerations in favor of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, 3 PHIL, ETHICS and HUMAN in MED 4 (BioMed Central, 2008), available at http://www.peh-med.com/content/3/1/4 (last visited 18.7.2012) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1186/1747-5341-3-4
  19. Moufang, Rainer, Patenting of Human Genes, Cells and Parts of the Body? – The Ethical Dimensions of Patent Law, 4 IIC 487 at 503, (1994) Google Scholar öffnen
  20. Nielsen, T.Hviid, What Happened to the Stem Cells?, 34 J. MED. ETHICS 852, 853 (2008) Google Scholar öffnen
  21. Oduncu, Fuat S., Stem Cell Research in Germany: Ethics of Healing vs. Human Dignity, MED., HEALTH CARE AND PHIL. 5, 12 (2003) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1023/A:1025925409116
  22. Plomer, Aurora, After Brüstle: EU Accession to the ECHR and the Future of European Patent Law, 2 QUEEN MARY JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 110, 125 (2012) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2012.02.01
  23. Plomer&Torremans, Towards Systemic Legal Conflict: Article 6(2)(c) of the EU Directive on Biotechnological Inventions, in EMBRYONIC STEM CELL PATENTS (Aurora Plomer&Paul Torremans, eds., Oxford University Press, 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
  24. Porter, Gerard, The Drafting History of The European Biotechnology Directive, in EMBRYONIC STEM CELL PATENTS 10 (Aurora Plomer&Paul Torremans, eds., Oxford University Press, 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
  25. Porter, Gerard, Human Embryos, Patents, And Global Trade: Assessing the Scope and Contents of the TRIPS Morality Exception, EMBRYONIC STEM CELL PATENTS (Aurora Plomer&Paul Torremans, eds., Oxford University Press, 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
  26. Resnik, David, Embryonic Stem Cell Patents and Human Dignity, 15(3) HEALTH CARE ANAL, 211, 215 (2007) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1007/s10728-007-0045-9
  27. Shell, Susan M., Kant’s Concept of Human Dignity as a Resource for Bioethics, in HUMAN DIGNITY and BIOETHICS: ESSAYS COMMISSIONED by the PRESIDENT’S COUNCIL on BIOETHICS,334 (The President’s Council on Bioethics, 2008) Google Scholar öffnen
  28. Shevde, Nirupama, Flexible Friends, 483 NATURE, S23 (2012) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1038/483S22a
  29. Solanki, Gurpreet, Preliminary Ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Oliver Brüstle v. Greenpeace e.V: Impacts on Patenting of Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Europe, 2 BIOTECH. L. REP. 135, (2012) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1089/blr.2012.9927
  30. Sterckx, Sigrid & Cockbain, Julian, Assessing the Morality of the Commercial Exploitation of Inventions Concerning Uses of Human Embryos and The Relevance of Moral Complicity: Comments on the EPO’s WARF Decision, 7 SCRIPTed 83, 94 (2010) available at http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/ahrc/script-ed/vol7-1/sterckx.pdf (last visited 9.8.2012) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139047623.008
  31. Steinbock, Bonnie, Moral Status, Moral Value, and Human Embryos: Implications for Stem Cell Research in THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF BIOETHICS 416,421 (Bonnie Steinbock ed., Oxford University Press 2007) Google Scholar öffnen
  32. Straus, Joseph, Patenting Human Genes and Living Organisms – The Legal Situation in Europe, in PATENTING of HUMAN GENES and LIVING ORGANISMS (F. Vogel & R.Grunwald, eds. Springer 1994) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85153-7_5
  33. Straus, Joseph, Biotechnology and Patents, 54 CHIMIA 294 (2000) Google Scholar öffnen
  34. Straus, Joseph Intellectual Property Rights: Ethical Aspects, 11 INTERNATIONAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SOCIAL&BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, 7621 (Neil J.Smelser&Paul B.Baltes eds, Elsevier, 2001) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/00182-0
  35. Straus, Joseph, Implications of the TRIPs Agreement in the Field of Patent Law, in FROM GATT TO TRIPS THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 160, 180 (Friedrich-Karl Beier&Gerhard Scricker eds., VCH, 1996) Google Scholar öffnen
  36. Torremans, Paul, Legal Problems Raised by Patents on Human Stem Cell-Based Inventions, in TRANSLATIONAL STEM CELL RESEARCH, STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 287, 305 (K.Hug&G. Hermerén, eds.,Humana Press, 2011) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-959-8_22
  37. Torremans, Paul, The Construction of The Directive’s Moral Exclusions under the EPC, EMBRYONIC STEM CELL PATENTS (Aurora Plomer&Paul Torremans, eds., Oxford University Press, 2009) Google Scholar öffnen
  38. Treichel, Pierre, G 2/06 and the Verdict of Immorality, 4 IIC 450, 459 (2009). Google Scholar öffnen
  39. Vrtovec, Katja Triller & Scott Christopher Thomas, The European Court of Justice Ruling in Brüstle v. Greenpeace: The Impacts on Patenting of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Europe, 9 CELL STEM CELL 502, 503 (2011). Google Scholar öffnen
  40. Warren-Jones, Amanda, Finding a “Common Morality Codex” for Biotech – A Question of Substance, 6 INTERNATIONAL REVIEW of INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY and COMPETITION LAW [IIC] 644 (2008) Google Scholar öffnen
  41. Warren-Jones, Amanda, Vital Parameters for Patent Morality- A Question of Form, 2 J. INTELL. PROP. L& PRAC. 832, 835 (Oxford University Press, 2007) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpm190
  42. Yamanaka, Shinya, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Past, Present, and Future, 10 CELL STEM CELL 678, 678 (2012) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.005
  43. Zimmerli, Walther Christoph, Discussion Session Comment in PATENTING OF HUMAN GENES AND LIVING ORGANISMS 148, 148(F. Vogel & R.Grunwald, eds. Springer 1994) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85153-7_14
  44. Monographies Google Scholar öffnen
  45. Budinger, Thomas F. & Budinger, Miriam D., Ethics of Emerging Technologies, 342 (John Wiley&Sons, 2006) Google Scholar öffnen
  46. Cornish, W.et al., Intellectual Property: Patents, Copyright, Trade Marks and Allied Rights ¶21-24 at 946 (Sweet&Maxvell,7.ed, 2010) (1981) Google Scholar öffnen
  47. Pires de Carvalho, Nuno, The Trips Regime of Patent Rights, 298 (Kluwer Law International, 2010) Google Scholar öffnen
  48. Singer, Margarate & Stauder, Dieter, European Patent Convention- A Commentary (3rd edition, Carl Heymanns 2003). Google Scholar öffnen
  49. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development-The Information and Communication Services Division, Resource Book on TRIPS and Development 376 (Cambridge University Press 2005) Google Scholar öffnen
  50. International Treaties Google Scholar öffnen
  51. Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property, Apr. 15, 1994 Google Scholar öffnen
  52. Convention on the Grant of European Patents ratified, Oct. 5, 1973, revised Dec.13, 2007 Google Scholar öffnen
  53. EPO Notice Concerning the Amendment of the Implementing Regulations to the European Patent Convention, 8-9/1999 O.J EPO, ¶1, at 573 Google Scholar öffnen
  54. European Convention of Human Rights [ECHR], Sep 3, 1953 (Council of Europe) Google Scholar öffnen
  55. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, May 23, 1969 Google Scholar öffnen
  56. European Union Legislative Sources Google Scholar öffnen
  57. Council Directive 98/44 Directive, recital 1, 1998 O.J. (L 213) (EC) Google Scholar öffnen
  58. European Parliament Resolution on Patents for Biotechnological Inventions, P6_TA(2005)0407, ¶I, Oct. 26, 2005 Google Scholar öffnen
  59. Cases Google Scholar öffnen
  60. Bundespatentgericht [BPatG] [Federal Court for Patent Matters], Dec.5, 2006, 3 Ni 42/04 Entscheidungen des Bundespatentgerichts (F.R.G) Google Scholar öffnen
  61. Bundesgerichtshof [BGH] [Federal Court of Justice] Dec. 17, 2009, Case No: Xa ZR 58/07, (Christopher Heath (trans.), 7 IIC at 853 (2010). Google Scholar öffnen
  62. Bundesgerichtshof [BGH] [Federal Court of Justice] Nov. 27, 2012, Case No: X ZR 58/07, available at http://juris.bundesgerichtshof.de (last visited Nov.11, 2013) Google Scholar öffnen
  63. C-377/98, Netherlands v. Parliament and Council 2001 ECJ CURIA, ¶38 (Oct. 10, 2001) Google Scholar öffnen
  64. C-456/03, Commission v. Italy, 2005 ECJ CURIA, ¶78 (June 16, 2005) Google Scholar öffnen
  65. C-34/10, Oliver Brüstle v. Greenpeace e.V., Court of Justice of the European Union, [CJEU], 2011 CURIA (Oct. 18, 2011) Google Scholar öffnen
  66. Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303, 317 (1980) Google Scholar öffnen
  67. Greenpeace UK v. Plant Genetic Systems N.V.,Opposition Division Decision EPO, (1992) 24 IIC, 618 Google Scholar öffnen
  68. International Stem Cell Corporation v. Comptroller General of Patents [2013] EWCH 807 (Ch). available at http://bailii.org Google Scholar öffnen
  69. Onco-mouse/HARVARD,Decision of the Opposition Division, Nov. 07, 2001, O.J EPO, 10/2003 Google Scholar öffnen
  70. T 19/90, Onco-mouse/HARVARD, O.J EPO 12/1990 (Technical Board of Appeal of EPO) Google Scholar öffnen
  71. T 0356/93, Plant Cells / PLANT GENETIC SYSTEMS, EPO O.J.1995, 511 (Technical Board of Appeal of EPO) Google Scholar öffnen
  72. T 1374/04, Stem cells/ WARF, Apr. 07, 2006, EPO OJ 5/2007G 2/06, Use of embryos/WARF, Nov. 25, 2008, EPO OJ 5/2009 (Technical Board of Appeal of EPO) Google Scholar öffnen doi.org/10.4135/9781412952422.n99
  73. Reports, Opinions and Discussion Papers Google Scholar öffnen
  74. Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council, Human Embryo, – A Biological Definition (Discussion Paper) available at http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/file/research/embryos/reports/humanembryo.pdf (last visited 8.8.2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  75. A.Plomer et al., Stem Cell Patents: European Patent Law and Ethics Report 78 (European Commission, 2006), 78. available at http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~llzwww/StemCellProject/project.report.pdf (last visited 1.8.2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  76. Opinion of the European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies to the European Commission 16, Ethical Aspects of Patenting Inventions Involving Human Stem Cells, § 2.3, May 7, 2002 available at http://ec.europa.eu/bepa/european-group-ethics/docs/avis16_complet_en.pdf (last visited Aug. 05, 2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  77. Opion of Advocate General Bot, Case 34/10 Oliver Brüstle v. Greenpeace eV. CJEU Mar. 10, 2011 Google Scholar öffnen
  78. Report on the Protection of the Human Embryo in vitro, Steering Committee on Bioethics, CDBI-CO-GT3 (Council of Europe, June 19, 2003) at 37 available at http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/healthbioethic/texts_and_documents/CDBI-CO-GT3(2003)13E.pdf (last visited 2.8.2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  79. Member of European Parliament (Rothley), Report on the Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions, COM/95/0661, June 25,1997 available at http://www.europarl.europa.eu Google Scholar öffnen
  80. UK IPO, Practice Notice, Inventions Involving Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Feb. 3, 2009, http://www.ipo.gov.uk/pro-types/pro-patent/p-law/p-pn/p-pn-stemcells-20090203.htm Google Scholar öffnen
  81. UK IPO, Practive Notice, Inventions Involving Human Embryonic Stem Cells, May 17 2012, http://www.ipo.gov.uk/pro-types/pro-patent/p-law/p-pn/p-pn-stemcells-20120517.htm (last visited 10.8.2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  82. Fact Sheets Google Scholar öffnen
  83. California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Definitions, http://www.cirm.ca.gov/StemCellBasics_Definitions#2 (last visited Aug. 11, 2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  84. Euro Stem Cell, FAQ about Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, available at http://www.eurostemcell.org/stem-cell-faq/introduction-stem-cells#t14n43 (last visited Aug 11, 2012 Google Scholar öffnen
  85. Modern Biotechnology and the OECD, OECD Policy Brief at 1 (1999) available at http://www.oecd.org/science/biotech/1890904.pdf (last visited Nov. 08, 2013) Google Scholar öffnen
  86. Reproductive Genetics Institute website available at http://reproductivegenetics.com/frozen_embryo.html (last visited 23.7.2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  87. The Nat’l. Inst. of Health, Stem Cells Basics, Resource for stem cell research, www.stemcells.nih.gov (last visited Aug. 11, 2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  88. News Google Scholar öffnen
  89. BBC News Health, available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-15181015 (last visited Aug. 28, 2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  90. Stem Cell Treatment Helps Heal Stroke Victims, THE TELEGRAPH, June 15, 2012 available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/archive/2012-6-15.html (last visited Sep 2, 2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  91. Renewed Vigour, 486 NATURE 293 (2012) Google Scholar öffnen
  92. Dismay, Confusion Greet Human Stem Cell Patent Ban, 334 SCIENCE (2011) Google Scholar öffnen
  93. Dictionaries Google Scholar öffnen
  94. The Oxford English Dictionary 421 (2nd ed. 1989) Google Scholar öffnen
  95. MIPLC Class Materials Google Scholar öffnen
  96. Prof. Joseph Straus, Protection of Biotechnological Inventions (June 5-6, 2012), (unpusblished slides used in summer term class of the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center) Google Scholar öffnen
  97. Prof. Margo Bagley, Biotechnology and IP course slides at Munich Intellectual Property Law Center on June 22, 2012 Google Scholar öffnen

Ähnliche Veröffentlichungen

aus dem Schwerpunkt "Handelsrecht & Wirtschaftsrecht & Gesellschaftsrecht", "Urheberrecht & Medienrecht"
Cover des Buchs: Unbeabsichtigte Normenkonflikte zwischen EU-Recht und nationalem Recht
Monographie Kein Zugriff
Yannis Ockernahl
Unbeabsichtigte Normenkonflikte zwischen EU-Recht und nationalem Recht
Cover des Buchs: Der forderungslose Anfechtungsgegner
Monographie Kein Zugriff
Paul Goes
Der forderungslose Anfechtungsgegner
Cover des Buchs: Der Verbraucherschadensersatzanspruch gemäß § 9 Absatz 2 UWG
Monographie Kein Zugriff
Fabian Göllner
Der Verbraucherschadensersatzanspruch gemäß § 9 Absatz 2 UWG
Cover des Buchs: Geschäftsleiter versus Gesellschafter unter dem StaRUG
Monographie Kein Zugriff
Maximilian Kaul
Geschäftsleiter versus Gesellschafter unter dem StaRUG
Cover des Buchs: Mehrfachbeteiligungen an Personengesellschaften
Monographie Kein Zugriff
Hannah Stieghorst-Roggermaier
Mehrfachbeteiligungen an Personengesellschaften

Hinweis

Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und darf nur nach den Vorgaben der Nutzungs- und Lizenzvereinbarung genutzt werden. Jede darüber hinaus gehende Nutzung des Werkes ist ausdrücklich untersagt und wird verfolgt.

Feedback geben

Wir freuen uns über Ihr Feedback zu Inhalten und Funktionen. Ihre Nachricht hilft uns, unseren Service stetig zu verbessern.

Bewertung
Bild anhängen
oder hier ablegen
PNG oder JPG (max. 3 MB)

Anmelden

Passwort vergessen?
Login via Open Athens
Noch kein Benutzerkonto?
Jetzt registrieren

Publikation zitieren

Download: RIS BibTex