integration

The so-called Brexit referendum of June 2016 constitutes not only the beginning, but also the temporary point of culmination of a new phase in the problematic relationship between European integration and direct democracy. Whereas during the 1990s...

The legislative package “Clean Energy for All Europeans” tabled by the European Commission aims at structuring the framework for climate and energy policies by 2030. Key element of the package is the energy governance regulation which focuses on...

The strategic environment of the EU has changed dramatically over the past years. In response to the new challenges, the High Representative of the Union for Foreign and Security Policy has published a new Global Strategy which sets out the EU’s...

Federal Minister of Finance Wolfgang Schäuble presented prospects for the future of European integration on the occasion of the 70th jubilee of the “Europa-Union Deutschland”, Germany’s largest pro-European citizens’ initiative. Starting...

The article discusses possibilities and limits of representative democracy in the EU multilevel system against the background of governance mechanisms that have been developed in the EU’s current financial crisis. The core argument is that these...

The British decision to leave the European Union resulted in two debates on the future of the EU: First, the Union has to reach an agreement with the United Kingdom on how to organise Brexit. Second, the EU institutions and the remaining 27 member...

The current Multiannual Financial Framework of the European Union (2014-2020) is the first budget in the history of European integration that is characterized by a decline of the overall financial resources compared to its predecessor. Notably, it...

The transfer of competences to the EU level entails the obligation of implementing Euro- pean laws at the national level. Deepening of European integration is not limited to treaty reforms, but a continuous process driven by the EU institutions. As...