The Evolution of the EU Treaties

Prof. Dr. Klemens H. Fischer

doi:10.5771/9783748940777

Summary

The development of EU policies from the Treaties of Rome in the 1950s to the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, which led to an "ever closer union" and ultimately to Brexit, are made comprehensible. This process shows that primarily political considerations led to Treaty changes. Both the political and historical background of the evolution of EU policies and the consequences for the UK and the EU as a result of the Withdrawal Agreement are presented in detail. Klemens H. Fischer is Professor of International Relations and Geopolitics at the University of Cologne. He is Vice President of the Austria Institute for European and Security Policy, Vienna, and member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, London. He can draw on thirty years of experience in the field of European integration.

Keywords

Search publication

Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2024
ISBN-Print: 978-3-7560-1293-0
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-4077-7
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 422
Product type: Book Titles

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 18
1. I.1. Establishing the European Coal and Steel Community – 1945-1951 – Overcoming War Resentment No access
2. I.2. Establishing the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community - 1951-1957 - In the Shadow of the Cold WarCold War No access
3. I.3. The Merger Treaty – 1957-1965 – In the Face of Failure No access
4. I.4. The Single European Act – 1965-1986 – Consolidation No access
5. I.5. The Treaty of Maastricht – 1986-1991 – Towards the End of the Cold WarCold War No access
6. I.6. The Treaty of Amsterdam – 1992-1996 – An Attempt at Correction No access
7. I.7. The Treaty of Nice – 1997-2000 – Corrections No access
8. I.8. The Convention on the Future of Europe – 2001-2003 – A Novel Approach No access
9. I.9. The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe – 2003-2004 – An Attempt at a Radical Reform No access
10. I.10. The Treaty of Lisbon – 2004-2007 – At the Precipice No access
11. I.11. Economic Crisis, War, and Global Terror – 2008-2015 – One Step Closer to the Precipice No access
12. I.12. BrexitBREXIT and the Conference on the Future of EuropeConference on the Future of Europe – 2016-2021 – Into the Abyss and Back Again No access
13. I.13. The Day After Tomorrow – 2022-2024 – Back at the Precipice No access
1. 1. II.0.1. Preamble to the TEU No access
  2. II.0.2. Preamble to the TFEU No access
2. 1. 1. Title I – Common Provisions No access
    2. Title II – Provisions on Democratic PrinciplesDemocratic principles No access
  2. 1. I. Development up to the Treaty of Nice No access
    2. a) Tasks and Activities No access
    3. b) Limits of Competence No access
    4. c) Methods No access
    5. II. Transformation by the Treaty of Lisbon No access
3. II.2. Non-Discrimination and Citizenship of the Union No access
4. 1. 1. Introduction No access
    2. Development up to the Treaty of Nice No access
    3. Transformation by the Treaty of Lisbon No access
  2. II.3.2. General Provisions on the Union’s External Action No access
  3. II.3.3. Common Commercial Policy No access
  4. 1. II.3.4.1. Development Cooperation No access
    2. II.3.4.2. Economic, Financial and Technical Cooperation with Third CountriesCooperation with Third Countries No access
    3. II.3.4.3. Humanitarian AidHumanitarian aid No access
    4. II.3.4.4. Restrictive Measures No access
    5. II.3.4.5. International Agreements No access
    6. II.3.4.6. The Union’s Relations with International Organisations and Third Countries and Union Delegations No access
    7. II.3.4.7. Solidarity Clause No access
5. 1. 1. Development up to the Treaty of Nice No access
    2. Transformation by the Treaty of Lisbon No access
  2. 1. Development up to the Treaty of Nice No access
    2. Transformation by the Treaty of Lisbon No access
6. II.5. Internal Market and Free Movement of GoodsInternal MarketFree movement of goods No access
7. II.6. Agriculture and Fisheries No access
8. 1. II.7.1. Workers No access
  2. II.7.2. Right of Establishment No access
  3. II.7.3. Services No access
  4. II.7.4. Capital and Payments No access
9. 1. I. The development up to the Treaty of Nice No access
  2. I.1. Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters No access
  3. I.2. Visa, Asylum, Immigration and other policies related to the Free Movement of PersonsInternal MarketFree movement of persons No access
  4. II. The Realignment by the Treaty of Lisbon No access
  5. II.1. Innovations and Principles, Structure, Rearrangements No access
  6. Innovations and Principles No access
  7. II.2. The Provisions of the Area of Freedom, Security and JusticeArea of Freedom, Security and Justice in Detail No access
  8. Chapter 1: General provisions (Article 67 to 76 TFEU) No access
  9. Chapter 2: Policies on border checks, asylumAsylum and immigrationImmigration (Article 77 to 80 TFEU) No access
  10. Chapter 3: Judicial cooperation in civil matters (Article 81 TFEU) Area of Freedom, Security and Justicejudicial cooperation in civil matters No access
  11. Chapter 4: Judicial cooperation in criminal matters (Article 82 to 86 TFEU)Area of Freedom, Security and Justicepolice and judicial cooperation in criminal matters No access
  12. Chapter 5: Police cooperation (Article 87 to 89 TFEU)Area of Freedom, Security and Justicepolice cooperation No access
10. II.9. Transport No access
11. 1. II.10.1. Rules on Competition No access
  2. II.10.2. Tax Provisions No access
  3. II.10.3. Approximation of Laws No access
12. II.11. Economic and Monetary Policy No access
13. II.12. Employment No access
14. II.13. Customs Cooperation No access
15. II.14. Social Policy and the European Social Fund No access
16. II.15. Education, Vocational Training, Youth and Sport No access
17. II.16. Culture No access
18. II.17. Public Health No access
19. II.18. Consumer Protection No access
20. II.19. Trans-European NetworksTrans-European Networks No access
21. II.20. Industry No access
22. II.21. Economic, Social and Territorial Cohesion No access
23. II.22. Research and Technological Development and Space No access
24. II.23. Environment No access
25. II.24. Energy No access
26. II.25. Tourism No access
27. II.26. Civil Protection No access
28. II.27. Administrative Cooperation No access
29. II.28. Association of the Overseas Countries and TerritoriesAssociation of the Overseas Countries and Territories No access
30. 1. Introduction No access
  2. The Institutions – Fundamental Principles No access
  3. The European Parliament No access
  4. The European Council No access
  5. The Council No access
  6. The Commission No access
  7. The High RepresentativeHigh Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy No access
  8. 1. II.29.1. Parliament No access
    2. II.29.2. European Council No access
    3. II.29.3. Council No access
    4. II.29.4. Commission No access
    5. II.29.5. European Court of Justice No access
    6. II.29.6. European Central BankEuropean Central Bank No access
    7. II.29.7. European Court of Auditors No access
    8. II.29.8. Legal acts of the Union, adoption procedures and other provisions No access
    9. 1. II.29.9.1. The Economic and Social Committee No access
      2. II.29.9.2. The Committee of the Regions No access
    10. II.29.10. European Investment BankEuropean Investment Bank No access
31. 1. General Provisions No access
  2. Chapter 1: The Union's own resourcesEU budgetown resources No access
  3. Chapter 2: The multiannual financial frameworkEU budgetmultiannual financial famework No access
  4. Chapter 3: The Union's annual budgetEU budgetannual budget No access
  5. Chapter 4: Implementation of the budget and discharge No access
  6. Chapter 5: Common Provisions No access
  7. Chapter 6: Combatting fraudFraud offences against the Union No access
32. 1. II.31.1. Final Provisions in the TEU No access
  2. 1. Development up to the Treaty of Nice No access
    2. The New Design introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon No access
    3. Redesign of the Individual Provisions No access
1. 1. III.1.1. General Remarks No access
  2. III.1.2. Single European ActSingle European Act - Summary No access
  3. III.1.3. Treaty of MaastrichtTreaty of Maastricht - Summary – Treaty on European UnionTreaty on European Union - Summary No access
  4. III.1.4. Treaty of AmsterdamTreaty of Amsterdam - Summary No access
  5. III.1.5. Treaty of NiceTreaty of Nice - Summary No access
  6. III.1.6. Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (draft)Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (draft) - Summary No access
  7. III.1.7. Treaty establishing a Constitution for EuropeTreaty establishing a Constitution for Europe - Summary No access
  8. III.1.8. Treaty of LisbonTreaty of Lisbon - Summary No access
  9. III.1.9. Conference on the Future of EuropeConference on the Future of Europe No access
2. 1. III.2.1. Agreement on the Withdrawal of the United KingdomUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community No access
  2. III.2.2. The Windsor FrameworkBREXITWindsor Framework No access
  3. III.2.3. The Judgement of the European Court of Justice in Case C-499/21 P No access
Sources and Literature No access Pages 405 - 410
No access Pages 411 - 422

Bibliography (140 entries)

Sources and Literature Open Google Scholar
If you cannot read all your books, Open Google Scholar
at any rate handle, or as it were, fondle them. Open Google Scholar
Winston Churchill Open Google Scholar
ACEMOGLU, Daron/ ROBINSON, James A.: Why Nations Fail – Then Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty, New York 2012 Open Google Scholar
ARBLASTER, Anthony: Democracy, Third Edition, Buckingham 2002 Open Google Scholar
BACH, Maurizio (Hrsg.): Die Europäisierung nationaler Gesellschaften, Köln 2000 Open Google Scholar
BARNIER, Michel: My Secret Brexit Diary, Cambridge 2021 Open Google Scholar
BARROSO, José Manuel Durão: Die Europäische Kommission 2004-2014 – Eine Bilanz des Präsidenten, Luxemburg 2014 Open Google Scholar
BAUER, Joachim (Ed): Europa der Regionen - Aktuelle Dokumente zur Rolle und Zukunft der deutschen Länder im europäischen Integrationsprozeß, Schriften zum Europäischen Recht, Band 9, Berlin 1991, p 13-17 Open Google Scholar
BAUM, Wilhem (Hrsg.): Kaiser Manuel II. Palaiologos: Dialog über den Islam und Erziehungsratschläge Open Google Scholar
BENEDIKT XVI.: Glaube und Vernunft – Die Regensburger Vorlesung, Freiburg – Basel – Wien2006 Open Google Scholar
BERGMANN (Hrsg): Handlexikon der Europäischen Unionm, 4. Auflage, Baden-Baden – Wien – Basel 2012 Open Google Scholar
BERMAN, Harold J.: Recht und Revolution – Die Bildung der westlichen Rechtstradition, Frankfurt 1995 Open Google Scholar
BIEBER, Roland/ EPINEY, Astrid/ HAAG, Marcel: Die Europäische Union – Europarecht und Politik, 10. Auflage, Baden-Baden – Basel 2013 Open Google Scholar
BIERMAN, Scott H./ FERNANDEZ, Luis: Game Theory with Economic Applications, Second Edition, New York 1998 Open Google Scholar
BISCOP, Sven: Peace Without Money, War without Americans – Can European Strategy Cope?, Farnhem – Burlington 2015 Open Google Scholar
BLAIR, Tony: A Journey, London 2010 Open Google Scholar
BLUMENTHAL, Sidney: The Clinton Wars, New York 2003 Open Google Scholar
BOGDANDY, Armin von/ VENZKE, Ingo: In wessen Namen? Internationale Gerichte in Zeiten globalen Regierens, Berlin 2014 Open Google Scholar
BOTTCHER, Winfried (Hrsg): Klassiker des europäischen Denkens, Baden-Baden 2014 Open Google Scholar
BRADFORD, Anu: The Brussels Effect – How the European Union Rules the World, Oxford 2020 Open Google Scholar
BRANDSTETTER, Gerfried: Chronologisches Lexikon der europäischen Integration 1945 - 1995, Wien 1996 Open Google Scholar
BRZEZINSKI, Zbigniew: The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy And Its Geostrategic Imperatives, New York 1998 Open Google Scholar
BROOK-SHEPERD, Gordon: The Austrians: A Thousand-Year Odyssey, New York 2003 Open Google Scholar
BRUNN, Gerhard: Die Europäische Einigung. Von 1945 bis heute, Stuttgart 2009 Open Google Scholar
BUCHWALD, Wolfgang/ HOHLWEG, Armin/ PRINZ, Otto (Hrsg.): Tusculum Lexikon griechischer und lateinischer Autoren des Altertums und des Mittelalters, völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage, Reinbek 1974 Open Google Scholar
BUNDESKANZLERAMT ÖSTERREICH (Hrsg): Europa fängt zu Hause an – Subsidiaritätskonferenz St. Pölten, Wien 2006 Open Google Scholar
BURCHILL, Scott/ LINKLATER, Andrew/ DEVETAK, Richard/ DONNELLY, Jack/ NARDIN, Terry/ PATERSON, Matthew/ REUS-SMIT, Christian/ TRUE, Jacqui: Theories of International Relations, Fifth Edition, New York 2013 Open Google Scholar
CAMERON, David: For the Record, London 2019 Open Google Scholar
CAMPBELL, Alastair/ SCOTT, Richard: The Blair Years, London 2008 Open Google Scholar
CAMPBELL, John: Margaret Thatcher, Volume Two: The Iron Lady, London 2003 Open Google Scholar
CASSEL, Dieter (1988): Wirtschaftspolitik als Ordnungspolitik. In: Cassel, Dieter/ Ramb, Bernd-Thomas /Thieme, H.J Jörg (Hrsg.): Ordnungspolitik, München 1988 Open Google Scholar
CHALMERS, Damian/ DAVIES, Gareth/ MONTI, Giorgio: European Union Law, 3rd Edition, Cambridge 2014 Open Google Scholar
CHURCH, Clive H./ PHINNEMORE, David: The Penguin Guide to the European Treaties, From Rome to Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice and beyond, London 2002 Open Google Scholar
CHURCHILL, Winston S.: The Second World War, London 1989 Open Google Scholar
COGGAN, Philip: The Last Vote – The Threats to Western Democracy, London 2013 Open Google Scholar
COOPER, Robert: The Breaking of Nations – Order and Chaos in the Twenty-First Century, London 2003 Open Google Scholar
CRAIG, Paul/de BÚRCA, Gráinne: EU Law, Text, Cases and Materials, Seventh Edition, Oxford 2020 Open Google Scholar
CRAIG, Paul/de BÚRCA, Gráinne (Eds): The Evolution of EU Law, Third Edition, Oxford 2021 Open Google Scholar
CROUCH, Colin: Post-Democracy, Cambridge 2004 Open Google Scholar
– The Strange Non-Death of Neoliberalism, Cambridge 2011 Open Google Scholar
DAVIS, Norman: Europe – A History, Oxford 1996 Open Google Scholar
DEMURO, Gianmario: A EU Constitutional Identity? An Inquiry into the Legal and Extra-Legal Elemets of Legitimation of the EU Process of Integration, in: PICHLER, Johannes W./ BALTHASAR, Alexander (Eds.): The Report on the Future of Europe – Striking the Balance between “Unity” and “Diversity”, Proceedings of the Conference on European Democracy 2013, Wien – Graz 2014, S. 19-23 Open Google Scholar
DÖRR, Oliver/ Schmalenbach, Kirsten (Eds): Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties – A Commentary, 2nd Edition, Berlin 2018 Open Google Scholar
DUFF, Andrew: The Treaty of Amsterdam, Text and Commentary, London 1997 Open Google Scholar
ECCLESHALL et al. (Eds.): Political Ideologies, Third Edition, London 2003 Open Google Scholar
EUCKEN, Walter: Über die Gesamtausrichtung der Wirtschaftspolitik (1946), in: OSWALT, Walter (Hrsg.): Ordnungspolitik von Walter Eucken, Münster - Hamburg – London 1999, S 1-24 Open Google Scholar
FERDOWSI, Mir A. (Hrsg): Internationale Politik im 21. Jahrhundert, München 2002 Open Google Scholar
FISCHER, Joschka: Die rot-grünen Jahre. Deutsche Außenpolitik vom Kosovo bis zum 11. September, Köln 2007 Open Google Scholar
– "I am not convinced": Der Irak-Krieg und die rot-grünen Jahre, Köln 2011 Open Google Scholar
– Scheitert Europa?, Köln 2014 Open Google Scholar
– Vom Staatenbund zur Föderation. Gedanken übder die Finalität der europäischen Integration, Frankfurt 2000 Open Google Scholar
FISCHER, Klemens H.: Der Europäische Verfassungsvertrag, Texte und Kommentar, 1. Auflage, Baden-Baden – Wien – Zürich 2004 [Verfassung] Open Google Scholar
– Der Konvent zur Zukunft Europas, Text und Kommentar, 1. Auflage, Baden-Baden – Wien – Zürich 2003 [Konvent] Open Google Scholar
– Der Vertrag von Lissabon, Text und Kommentar, 2. aktualisierte Auflage, Baden-Baden 2010 [Lissabon] Open Google Scholar
– Der Vertrag von Nizza, Text und Kommentar, 2. aktualisierte Auflage, Baden-Baden 2003 [Nizza] Open Google Scholar
– Der Vertrag von Lissabon: Die neue außen- und sicherheitspolitische Dimension der Europäischen Union - Ein politischer Stresstest, in: ALGIERI, Franco/ KAMMEL, Arnold H./ REHRL, Jochen: Integrationsprojekt Sicherheit – Aspekte europäischer Sicherheitspolitik im Vertrag von Lissabon, Baden-Baden 2011, pp 25-52 Open Google Scholar
– EU Geopolitics: A Means to an End or an End in Itself – When the Exception becomes the Rule, the Crisis becomes Permanent, in: FISCHER, Klemens H. (Ed): European Security Put to the Test – Volume II: Geopolitics in Times of Permanent Crisis, Baden-Baden 2022, pp 243-297 Open Google Scholar
– Lost in Implementation – The Political Dilemma of Enforcing the Rule of Law and its Impact on Foreign and Security Policy, in: FISCHER, Klemens H. (Ed): European Security Put to the Test – Volume I: Perspectives and Challenges for the Next Decade, Baden-Baden 2021, pp 195-220 Open Google Scholar
– The European Union – A compact guide for business-government-relations, Baden-Baden 2001 Open Google Scholar
– The Quest for Intermediate Europe – Politics based on Values, the Rule of Law, Good Governance, and the Triple-M-Approach – Providing Stability in Ukraine by Decentralization – The Comprehensive Approach, in: BALTHASAR, Alexander/ FISCHER, Klemens H. (Eds): Good Governance based on a Common Bedrock of Values – Providing Stability in Times of Crisis? Proceedings of the Conference on European Democracy 2015 (EuDEM 2015) 27 and 28 April 2015 (Vienna), pp. 61-104 Open Google Scholar
FISCHER, Peter/ KÖCK, Heribert Franz/ KAROLLUS, Margit Maria: Europarecht, 4. Auflage, Wien 2002 Open Google Scholar
FISHMAN, Ben (Ed): North Africa in Transition – The Struggle for Democracies and Institutions, London 2015 Open Google Scholar
FLINT, Colin: Introduction to Geopolitics, Second Edition, Oxon – New York 2012 Open Google Scholar
FOSTER, Peter: Facing Facts – Is Britain’s Power Diminishing? Wrocław 2015 Open Google Scholar
– What went wrong with BREXIT and what can we do about it, London 2023 Open Google Scholar
FUKUYAMA, Francis: Political Order and Political Decay – From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy, New York 2014 Open Google Scholar
GADDIS, John Lewis: The Cold War. A new History, New York 2007 Open Google Scholar
GEHLER, Michael: Europa – Ideen, Institutionen, Vereinigungen, München 2010 Open Google Scholar
GILLINGHAM, John: European Integration – 1950-2003, Cambridge 2003 Open Google Scholar
GROEBEN, Hans von der: Legitimationsprobleme der Europäischen Gemeinschaft, Baden-Baden 1987 Open Google Scholar
GROEBEN, Hans von der/ THIESING, Jochen/ EHLERMANN, Claus-Dieter (Hrsg): Kommentar zum EU-/ EG-Vertrag, Fünfte neu bearbeitete Auflage, Baden-Baden 1997 Open Google Scholar
HABERMAS, Jürgen: Zur Verfassung Europas – Ein Essay, Berlin 2011 Open Google Scholar
HABERMAS, Jürgen/ DERRIDA, Jacques: Unsere Erneuerung, Feuilleton, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 31. Mai 2003, S 33 f Open Google Scholar
HEISBOURG, François : The EU Without the Euro, Survival, Volume 56 Number 2, April-May 2014, 27-48 Open Google Scholar
HOBSBAWM, Eric: The Age of Extremes, New York 1996 Open Google Scholar
– Nations and Nationalism since 1780, 2nd Ed, Cambridge 2012 Open Google Scholar
HOYER, Werner/ KALDRACK, Gerd F. (Hrsg.): Europäische Sicherheits- und Verteidungspolitik (ESVP), Baden-Baden 2002 Open Google Scholar
JONES, Erik/ KELEMAN, R. Daniel: The Euro Goes to Court, Survival, Volume 56 Number 2, April-May 2014, 15-22 Open Google Scholar
KAGAN, Robert: Paradise and Power – America and Europe in the new World Order, London 2003 Open Google Scholar
KAGAN, Robert: The Return of History and the End of Dreams, New York 2008 Open Google Scholar
KAHN, Robert/ KUPCHAN, Charles: Europe’s Make or Break Moment, Survival, Volume 55 Number 6, December 2013-January 2014, 29-48 Open Google Scholar
KARNOW, Stanley: Vietnam – A History, London 1994 Open Google Scholar
KISSINGER, Henry A.: Diplomacy, New York 1993 Open Google Scholar
– Does America need a Foreign Policy? – Towards a Diplomacy for the 21st Century, New York 2001 Open Google Scholar
– World Order, New York 2014 Open Google Scholar
KOHL, Helmut: Aus Sorge um Europa – Ein Appell, München 2014 Open Google Scholar
KUCHARSKI, Adam: The Rules of Contagion, London 2020 Open Google Scholar
LARRES, Klaus: Churchill’s Cold War – The Politics of Personal Diplomacy, New Haven – London 2002 Open Google Scholar
LEITL, Christoph/ VERHEUGEN, Günter (Hrsg): Europa? Europa! – Wo liegt die Zukunft unseres Kontinents, Baden-Baden 2011 Open Google Scholar
LUKIN, Alexander: Eurasian Integration and the Clash of Values, Survival, Volume 56 Number 3, June-July 2014, 43-60 Open Google Scholar
MACMILLAN, Margaret: Peacemakers, London 2002 Open Google Scholar
MAURER, Andreas/ NEISSER, Heinrich/ POLLAK, Johannes (Hrsg): 20 Jahre EU-Mitgliedschaft Österrreichs, Wien 2015 Open Google Scholar
McCOURT, David M.: Has Britain Found its Role?, Survival, Volume 56 Number 2, April-May 2014, 159-178 Open Google Scholar
McNAMARA, Robert S.: In Retrospect – The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam, New York 1995 Open Google Scholar
MERRIT, Giles: Slippery Slope – Europe’s Troubled Future, Oxford 2016 Open Google Scholar
MIDDELAAR, Luuk van: The Passage to Europe – How a Continent became a Union, London 2013 Open Google Scholar
MONNET, Jean: Mémoires, Paris 1976 Open Google Scholar
MORDAUNT, Penny/ LEWIS, Chris: Greater Britain after the Storm, London 2021 Open Google Scholar
NASSMACHER, Karl-Heinz (Ed): Foundations or Democracy, Baden-Baden 2001 Open Google Scholar
NIXON, Richard: Beyond Peace, New York 1995 Open Google Scholar
OLIVER, Craig: Unleashing Demons – The Inside Story of Brexit, London 2016 Open Google Scholar
PICHLER, Johannes W. (Hrsg): Rechtswertestiftung und Rechtswertebewahrung in Europa, Schriften zur Rechtspolitik 37, Wien – Graz 2015 Open Google Scholar
PIRIS, Jean-Claude: The Lisbon Treaty – A Legal and Political Analysis, Cambridge 2010 Open Google Scholar
PORTER, Roy: Enlightenment, London 2000 Open Google Scholar
RAT DER EUROPÄISCHEN UNION (Hrsg): Europa – Eine Idee nimmt Gestalt an, Baden-Baden – Luxemburg 2009 Open Google Scholar
REICHENBACH, Horst/ EMMERLING, Eva/ STAUDENMAYER, Dirk/ SCHMIDT, Sönke: Integration: Wanderung über europäische Gipfel, Baden-Baden 1999 Open Google Scholar
REUS-SMIT, Christian/ Snidal, Duncan (Eds): The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, Oxford 2010 Open Google Scholar
REYNOLDS, David: Summits – Six Meetings that shaped the Twentieth Century, New York Open Google Scholar
OMP, Graham: Game Theory – Introduction and Applications, Oxford 1977 Open Google Scholar
SCHEICH, Manfred: Tabubruch – Österreichs Entscheidung für die Europäische Union, Wien – Köln – Weimar 2005 Open Google Scholar
SCHMIDT, Helmut: Ausser Dienst, München 2008 Open Google Scholar
– Die Selbstbehauptung Europas – Perspektiven für das 21. Jahrhundert, München 2002 Open Google Scholar
– Weizsäcker, Richard von (Hrsg.): Innenansichten aus Europa, München 2007 Open Google Scholar
SCHWARZE, Jürgen (Hrsg.): EU-Kommentar, 3. Auflage, Baden-Baden – Basel – Wien 2012 Open Google Scholar
SCHÜSSEL, Wolfgang: Offengelegt, Salzburg 2009 Open Google Scholar
SEBESTYEN, Victor: 1946: The Making of the Modern World, London 2015 Open Google Scholar
SHAW, Malcolm N.: International Law, Fourth Edition, Cambridge 1997 Open Google Scholar
SIEDENTOP, Larry: Democracy in Europe, London 2001 Open Google Scholar
SPINNEY, Laura: Pale Rider – The Spanish Flu of 1918 and how it changed the World, London 2017 Open Google Scholar
STORA, Benjamin: Histoire de la Guerre d'Algérie, 1954-1962, 4e édition, Paris 2004 Open Google Scholar
TAYLOR, Charles: A Secular Age, London 2007 Open Google Scholar
TECHAU, Jan (Ed): Strategic Europe, Washington, DC – Brussels 2012 Open Google Scholar
THATCHER, Margaret: The Downing Street Years, London 1993 Open Google Scholar
THATCHER, Margaret: Statecraft – Strategies for a Changing World, London 2003 Open Google Scholar
TUNSJØ, Oystein: Europe’s Favourable Isolation, Survival, Volume 55 Number 6, December 2013-January 2014, 91-106 Open Google Scholar
VEDDER, Christoph/ von HEINEGG, Wolff Heintschel (Hrsg.): Europäischer Verfassungsvertrag, Baden-Baden 2007 Open Google Scholar
WARLEIGH, Alex: Democracy in the European Union, London 2003 Open Google Scholar
WEIDENFELD, Werner (Hrsg): Die Europäische Verfassung in der Analyse, Gütersloh 2005 Open Google Scholar
WEILER, Joseph H. H.: The Constitution of Europe, Cambridge 1999 Open Google Scholar
WHEATCROFT, Andrew: Infidels. The Conflict between Christendom and Islam 638-2002, London 2003 Open Google Scholar
WIESSALA, Georg: The European Union and the Asian Countries, London 2002 Open Google Scholar
WINDROW, Martin: The Last Valley – Dien Bien Phu and the French Defeat in Vietnam, London 2004 Open Google Scholar
WRIGHT, Thomas: Europe’s Lost Decade, Survival, Volume 55 Number 6, December 2013-January 2014, 7-28 Open Google Scholar
WOSCHNAGG, Gregor/ MÜCK, Werner/ PAYRLEITNER, Alfred: Hinter den Kulissen – Österreichs EU-Vorsitz und die Zukunft Europas, Wien – Graz - Klagenfurt 2007 Open Google Scholar
YOUNGS, Richard: The Uncertain Legacy of Crisis – European Foreign Policy Faces the Future, Washington D.C. 2014 Open Google Scholar
ZERVAKIS, Peter A./ CULLEN, Peter J. (Eds): The Post-Nice-Process: Towards a European Constitution, Baden-Baden 2002 Open Google Scholar
ZIEGERHOFER, Anita/ PICHLER, Johannes W./ LIKAR, Reinhard (Hrsg.): Die „Vereinigten Staaten von Europa“ – Dokumente eines Werdens, Wien 1999 Open Google Scholar
ZUCKERMAN, Gregory: A Shot to Safe the World, New York 2021 Open Google Scholar