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Chinese Foundations and Grassroots Social Organizations

Characteristics and Interactions
Authors:
Series:
International Civil Society, Volume 18
Publisher:
 2021

Summary

This study explores how Chinese foundations interact with grassroots social organisations (SO) and why Chinese foundations act the way they do. In addition to involving well-documented empirical investigations in China, the study was conducted using anecdotal evidence accumulated over a 10-year period from 2008 to 2019, when Chinese foundations started their interaction with other SOs.

The findings show that Chinese foundations interact with grassroots SOs in six different ways, namely special funds, joint fundraising, high-engagement grantmaking, and awarding grants to projects, organisations and individuals. However, Chinese foundations’ grantmaking logic does not overlap with the needs of grassroots SOs, because they do not fully understand each other’s difficulties and because their focus and development paths are not the same, which results in less interaction.

This book provides new and inspiring insights for scholars and students of China’s emerging and flourishing third sector. It will not only interest those in academia, but will also appeal to those working in China’s third sector.

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2021
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-8072-3
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-2458-6
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
International Civil Society
Volume
18
Language
English
Pages
241
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access 1 - 22
    1. 1.1 Personal Context No access
    2. 1.2 Statement of the Problem No access
      1. 1.3.1 Chinese scholarly attention on international foundations, primarily American foundations No access
      2. 1.3.2 On foundations’ internal governance No access
      3. 1.3.3 Chinese foundations’ administration and laws No access
      4. 1.3.4 Foundations’ roles and evaluation No access
      5. 1.3.5 Comprehensive development of Chinese foundations No access
      6. 1.3.6 Academics on state-society relations No access
      7. 1.3.7 The predominant understanding of the relationship between Chinese foundations and grassroots SOs No access
    4. 1.4 Structure of the study No access
      1. 2.1.1 An Exotic Phenomenon? No access
      2. 2.1.2 Definitions in the United States and Europe No access
    2. 2.2 Definition in China No access
    3. 2.3 Categories of foundations in China No access
    4. 2.4 Current applied regulations and laws on Chinese foundations No access
    5. 2.5 Definitions of grassroots social organizations (grassroots SOs) No access
    6. 2.6 Discussion on definitions No access
    1. 3.1 Polulation and sample selection No access
    2. 3.2 Documentary analysis No access
    3. 3.3 Participant observation No access
    4. 3.4 Data analysis No access
      1. 3.5.1 The evolution of cooperation No access
      2. 3.5.2 Resource interdependence theory No access
      3. 3.5.3 Discussion No access
    1. 4.1 An overview of previous research No access
        1. 4.2.1.1 Period from the founding of PRC in 1949 until 1978: Gap No access
        2. 4.2.1.2 From 1979 to 2003: Appearance of government-affiliated foundations No access
      2. 4.2.2 After promulgation of RMF-2004: Appearance of NPFFs in the early periods No access
      1. 4.3.1 The increasing number of Chinese foundations, especially NPFFs No access
      2. 4.3.2 Steady Growth of total assets of Chinese foundations No access
      3. 4.3.3 Continuous growth of total income of Chinese foundations No access
      4. 4.3.4 Total expenditures of Chinese foundations: PFFs’ expenditures are still greater than NPFFs’. No access
      5. 4.3.5 Uneven geographical distribution of Chinese foundations: East over West No access
      6. 4.4.6 Working areas of Chinese foundations: Much the same as the government’s working priorities No access
      1. 4.4.1 Characteristics of Chinese foundations from 1949 to 2007 No access
        1. 4.4.2.1 Political restrictions on foundations’ registration and evaluation No access
        2. 4.4.2.2 Political Restrictions on foundations’ tax and independence No access
        3. 4.4.2.3 The changing role of Chinese foundations in supporting grassroots SOs No access
        1. 5.1.1.1 Why do grassroots SOs have difficulty raising funds? No access
        2. 5.1.1.2 Yet, the question worth asking is, where do Chinese donations go if not to grassroots SOs? No access
        3. 5.1.1.3 Why international foundations drastically lowered their once abundant funding to Chinese grantees No access
        4. 5.1.1.4 Government’s attitude toward overseas organizations No access
      2. 5.1.2 Why Chinese foundations do not make grants to grassroots SOs No access
      1. 5.2.1 Successful examples of foundations and SOs working together No access
      2. 5.2.2 Transition from an operating foundation to a grant-making foundation: A case study of one local PFF No access
      3. 5.2.3 How many Chinese foundations are supporting grassroots SOs? No access
      4. 5.2.4 Grant-making is important, but alone is far from sufficient No access
      5. 5.2.5 A case study on how capital flows in grant-making foundations—He Foundation No access
    3. 5.3 Problems and complaints during interactions No access
    4. 5.4 Discussion No access
      1. 6.1.1 Seek grantees actively No access
      2. 6.1.2 Public tendering and a request for proposal No access
      3. 6.1.3 Recommendation from peers, colleagues, and experts No access
      4. 6.1.4 Connecting through workshops, networks, and competition via TV and online platforms No access
      5. 6.1.5 Findings and problems No access
    2. 6.2 Concerning the application guidelines No access
    3. 6.3 How to finalize cooperation No access
      1. 6.4.1 Average amount of funds and duration of the project. No access
      2. 6.4.2 Mostly multiple installments. No access
    5. 6.5 Project monitoring and evaluation by foundations No access
    6. 6.6 Sustainability of cooperation No access
    7. 6.7 Discussion No access
    1. 7. 1 How to seek potential foundations by grassroots SOs No access
    2. 7.2 Foundation project official’s role during project application, implementation, and evaluation No access
    3. 7.3 Grant amount and period of grants No access
    4. 7.4 Project evaluation and further cooperation No access
    5. 7.5 Are programs mainly planned by foundations or grassroots SOs? No access
    6. 7.6 Discussion No access
    1. 8.1 Interactive categories between foundations and grassroots SOs No access
      1. 8.2.1 Trust can also be the key to promoting cooperation No access
      2. 8.2.2 Distrust between foundations and grassroots SOs in China No access
    3. 8.3 How resource interdependence affects cooperation No access
      1. 8.4.1 Independence of foundations No access
      2. 8.4.2 The dominance of the project No access
      3. 8.4.3 Grant lifespan and amount No access
    1. 9.1 Findings No access
        1. 9.2.1.1 Research question 1: How do Chinese foundations interact with other grassroots SOs? No access
        2. 9.2.1.2 Research question 2: Why do they act the way they do? No access
      2. 9.2.2 Connections to previous research No access
      3. 9.2.3 Connection to theories No access
    3. 9.3 Limitations No access
    4. 9.4 Suggestions for the future No access
    1. News reports & Annual reports No access
  12. Appendix 1: Sampling population No access 237 - 238
  13. Appendix 2: Guide and In-depth Interview Questions to Foundations and grassroots SOs No access 239 - 241

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