Emergency Powers: Rule of Law and the State of Exception

Dr. Jakub Jinek; Lukáš Kollert

doi:10.5771/9783845298610

Summary

Das Problem des Ausnahmezustandes ist in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten aktuell geworden im Zusammenhang mit Sicherheits-, Finanz- und Gesundheitskrisen. Diese Ereignisse stellen eine Herausforderung für die liberale Demokratie dar, da sie die politischen Vertreter an den Rand der Legalität bringen können und zumindest potenziell Verfahren zu legitimieren scheinen, die ansonsten in einer liberalen Demokratie fragwürdig wären. Einige Autoren haben sogar Bedenken geäußert, dass die Ausnahme allmählich zur neuen Normalität geworden ist und dass wir (fast ohne es zu bemerken) in einer permanenten Ausnahme leben. In Reaktion darauf haben Experten darüber nachgedacht, ob der Ausnahmezustand ein geeignetes Mittel zur Lösung von Krisen ist und ob es andere Modelle gibt, die im Hinblick auf das Interesse an der Wahrung der liberalen Demokratie angemessener sind. Das Ziel des Buches ist es, eine wissenschaftliche Reflexion des Ausnahmezustandes zu liefern und zusammenhängende Begriffe zu diskutieren. Mit Beiträgen von Vojtěch Belling, Otto Depenheuer, Josef Isensee, Jakub Jinek, Eckart Klein, Lukáš Kollert, Jan Kysela

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Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2020
Copyright Year: 2020
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-5731-2
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-9861-0
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 159
Product Type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 10
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1. I. Norm, normalcy, and the exceptional case No access
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2. II. Derogations within the law and the political exceptional case No access
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3. III. Stringency of legal rule as a condition for making the exceptional case possible No access
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4. IV. Under the condition of what is possible No access
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5. V. States of emergency which are regulated by constitutional law No access
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6. VI. Legalizing illegal emergency relief to the constitution: the right of resistance No access
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  1. 1. Persistently normal state of affairs No access
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  2. 2. Extra-legal detours and ways out No access
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8. VIII. A residual unwritten emergency law of the state? No access
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9. IX. The breakdown of all rules: Islamic terror No access
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1. I. The terrorist challenge No access
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  1. 1. Normal state of affairs No access
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  2. 2. Case of emergency No access
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  1. 1. Terrorism as emergency No access
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  2. 2. Asymmetries of terrorist war No access
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  3. 3. The simultaneity of both normal and exceptional state of affairs No access
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  1. Option 1: Exception as the secret of governing No access
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  2. Option 2: Abandoning regulation by constitutional law No access
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  3. Option 3: Constitutionalizing the exception by establishing an emergency regime No access
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  4. Option 4: “Normalizing the exception” No access
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  5. Option 5: Establishing a gradual scale of terrorist warnings No access
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1. I. Introduction No access
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2. II. Defining a state of exception No access
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3. III. The state of exception as an intrinsic part of the constitutional order No access
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4. IV. Written state of exception No access
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  1. 1. Carl Schmitt: the state of exception as a tool to restore normality No access
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  2. 2. Removing crisis from the law: extra-legal powers instead of a state of exception No access
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6. VI. Conclusion No access
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1. I. Introduction No access
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2. II. Crisis No access
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3. III. Crisis and the Rechtsstaat No access
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4. IV. Possible reactions of public authorities to abnormal harmful situations and their assessment No access
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5. V. How to regulate the state of exception? No access
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6. VI. Suprapositive state of exception and its legitimacy No access
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7. VII. Conclusion No access
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1. I. Law as an exception? No access
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2. II. Defining the extent of (legal) concepts No access
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3. III. Usualness versus exceptionality No access
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  1. 1. Parallel orders of governance No access
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  2. 2. Limits of law in the heart of legal order No access
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  3. 3. States of exception No access
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5. V. Conclusion No access
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  1. 1. Article 68 of the Constitution of the German Empire (1871) – Bismarck Constitution No access
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  2. 2. Article 48 (2) of the Constitution of the German Empire (1919) – Weimar Constitution No access
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  3. 3. The state of exception under the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949 – present) No access
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  4. 4. Two general remarks No access
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  1. 1. External state of emergency (state of defence, state of tension), Articles 115a–115l; 87a (3), 80a BL No access
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    1. a) Imminent danger to the existence or basic free democratic order – Art. 91 and 87a (4) BL No access
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    2. b) Maintenance or restoration of public security and order – Art. 35 (2) cl. 1 BL No access
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    3. c) Natural disaster or a particularly grave accident in a single Land – Art. 35 (2) cl. 2 BL No access
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    4. d) Natural disaster or a particularly grave accident in more than one Land – Art. 35 (3) BL No access
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  3. 3. The use of the Armed Forces in terrorist cases No access
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  4. 4. Impact on human rights No access
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  5. 5. Parliamentary and judicial control mechanisms No access
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3. III. Concluding remarks No access
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4. Annex: Relevant Articles of the German Basic Law No access
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Bibliography No access Pages 144 - 156
Glossary of German Expressions No access Pages 157 - 158
Abbreviations No access Pages 159 - 159