Emergency Powers

Dr. Jakub Jinek; Lukáš Kollert

doi:10.5771/9783845298610

Summary

Das Problem des Ausnahmezustandes ist in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten aktuell geworden im Zusammenhang mit Sicherheits-, Finanz- und Gesundheitskrisen. Diese Ereignisse stellen eine Herausforderung für die liberale Demokratie dar, da sie die politischen Vertreter an den Rand der Legalität bringen können und zumindest potenziell Verfahren zu legitimieren scheinen, die ansonsten in einer liberalen Demokratie fragwürdig wären. Einige Autoren haben sogar Bedenken geäußert, dass die Ausnahme allmählich zur neuen Normalität geworden ist und dass wir (fast ohne es zu bemerken) in einer permanenten Ausnahme leben. In Reaktion darauf haben Experten darüber nachgedacht, ob der Ausnahmezustand ein geeignetes Mittel zur Lösung von Krisen ist und ob es andere Modelle gibt, die im Hinblick auf das Interesse an der Wahrung der liberalen Demokratie angemessener sind. Das Ziel des Buches ist es, eine wissenschaftliche Reflexion des Ausnahmezustandes zu liefern und zusammenhängende Begriffe zu diskutieren. Mit Beiträgen von Vojtěch Belling, Otto Depenheuer, Josef Isensee, Jakub Jinek, Eckart Klein, Lukáš Kollert, Jan Kysela

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2020
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-5731-2
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-9861-0
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 159
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 10
Josef Isensee
1. I. Norm, normalcy, and the exceptional case No access Josef Isensee
2. II. Derogations within the law and the political exceptional case No access Josef Isensee
3. III. Stringency of legal rule as a condition for making the exceptional case possible No access Josef Isensee
4. IV. Under the condition of what is possible No access Josef Isensee
5. V. States of emergency which are regulated by constitutional law No access Josef Isensee
6. VI. Legalizing illegal emergency relief to the constitution: the right of resistance No access Josef Isensee
7. Josef Isensee
  1. 1. Persistently normal state of affairs No access Josef Isensee
  2. 2. Extra-legal detours and ways out No access Josef Isensee
8. VIII. A residual unwritten emergency law of the state? No access Josef Isensee
9. IX. The breakdown of all rules: Islamic terror No access Josef Isensee
Otto Depenheuer
1. I. The terrorist challenge No access Otto Depenheuer
2. Otto Depenheuer
  1. 1. Normal state of affairs No access Otto Depenheuer
  2. 2. Case of emergency No access Otto Depenheuer
3. Otto Depenheuer
  1. 1. Terrorism as emergency No access Otto Depenheuer
  2. 2. Asymmetries of terrorist war No access Otto Depenheuer
  3. 3. The simultaneity of both normal and exceptional state of affairs No access Otto Depenheuer
4. Otto Depenheuer
  1. Option 1: Exception as the secret of governing No access Otto Depenheuer
  2. Option 2: Abandoning regulation by constitutional law No access Otto Depenheuer
  3. Option 3: Constitutionalizing the exception by establishing an emergency regime No access Otto Depenheuer
  4. Option 4: “Normalizing the exception” No access Otto Depenheuer
  5. Option 5: Establishing a gradual scale of terrorist warnings No access Otto Depenheuer
Vojtěch Belling
1. I. Introduction No access Vojtěch Belling
2. II. Defining a state of exception No access Vojtěch Belling
3. III. The state of exception as an intrinsic part of the constitutional order No access Vojtěch Belling
4. IV. Written state of exception No access Vojtěch Belling
5. Vojtěch Belling
  1. 1. Carl Schmitt: the state of exception as a tool to restore normality No access Vojtěch Belling
  2. 2. Removing crisis from the law: extra-legal powers instead of a state of exception No access Vojtěch Belling
6. VI. Conclusion No access Vojtěch Belling
Lukáš Kollert
1. I. Introduction No access Lukáš Kollert
2. II. Crisis No access Lukáš Kollert
3. III. Crisis and the Rechtsstaat No access Lukáš Kollert
4. IV. Possible reactions of public authorities to abnormal harmful situations and their assessment No access Lukáš Kollert
5. V. How to regulate the state of exception? No access Lukáš Kollert
6. VI. Suprapositive state of exception and its legitimacy No access Lukáš Kollert
7. VII. Conclusion No access Lukáš Kollert
Jan Kysela
1. I. Law as an exception? No access Jan Kysela
2. II. Defining the extent of (legal) concepts No access Jan Kysela
3. III. Usualness versus exceptionality No access Jan Kysela
4. Jan Kysela
  1. 1. Parallel orders of governance No access Jan Kysela
  2. 2. Limits of law in the heart of legal order No access Jan Kysela
  3. 3. States of exception No access Jan Kysela
5. V. Conclusion No access Jan Kysela
Eckart Klein
1. Eckart Klein
  1. 1. Article 68 of the Constitution of the German Empire (1871) – Bismarck Constitution No access Eckart Klein
  2. 2. Article 48 (2) of the Constitution of the German Empire (1919) – Weimar Constitution No access Eckart Klein
  3. 3. The state of exception under the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949 – present) No access Eckart Klein
  4. 4. Two general remarks No access Eckart Klein
2. Eckart Klein
  1. 1. External state of emergency (state of defence, state of tension), Articles 115a–115l; 87a (3), 80a BL No access Eckart Klein
  2. Eckart Klein
    1. a) Imminent danger to the existence or basic free democratic order – Art. 91 and 87a (4) BL No access Eckart Klein
    2. b) Maintenance or restoration of public security and order – Art. 35 (2) cl. 1 BL No access Eckart Klein
    3. c) Natural disaster or a particularly grave accident in a single Land – Art. 35 (2) cl. 2 BL No access Eckart Klein
    4. d) Natural disaster or a particularly grave accident in more than one Land – Art. 35 (3) BL No access Eckart Klein
  3. 3. The use of the Armed Forces in terrorist cases No access Eckart Klein
  4. 4. Impact on human rights No access Eckart Klein
  5. 5. Parliamentary and judicial control mechanisms No access Eckart Klein
3. III. Concluding remarks No access Eckart Klein
4. Annex: Relevant Articles of the German Basic Law No access Eckart Klein
Bibliography No access Pages 144 - 156
Glossary of German Expressions No access Pages 157 - 158
Abbreviations No access Pages 159 - 159