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The Challenge of Stability

Niklas Luhmann’s Early Political Sociology and Constitutional Adjudication in the United States and Germany
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Publisher:
 2023

Summary

Niklas Luhmann's early systems-theoretical conception of functional differentiation holds both normative and empirical insights for our understanding of constitutional adjudication. For example, Luhmann's conception of legal autonomy may help to shed new light on the countermajoritarian difficulty. Secondly, his theory of how the political system is differentiated into two sub-systems can improve our conceptual understanding of judicial politicization. To illustrate this potential, this book applies “Legitimation durch Verfahren” in particular and Luhmann's early systems theory in general to Germany’s Federal Constitutional Court and the United States Supreme Court.

Keywords

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2023
ISBN-Print
978-3-7560-0623-6
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-4158-3
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht
Volume
322
Language
English
Pages
230
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 - 12
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    1. I. The Radicality and Currency of Legitimation durch Verfahren
      1. A. Applying Luhmann’s Sociology to a Normative Problem: Chapter 3
      2. B. Using Systems Theory to Remedy an Analytical Problem: Chapter 4
      1. A. Methodology
      2. B. The Research Landscape
      3. C. Structure
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      1. A. Man’s Experience of the World
      2. B. Intersubjectivity
      3. C. Social Systems
      4. D. Systemic Differentiation
      1. A. Habermas’s Discourse-Theoretical Conception of Legitimate Law
        1. 1. The Impossibility of Consensus in a Differentiated Society
          1. a) Luhmann’s Political Sociology
          2. b) Luhmann’s Sociology of Law
        1. 1. Role Reciprocity and the Presentation of Self
        2. 2. Courtroom Publicity
        3. 3. Conditional Programming
        4. 4. Contact Systems
        1. 1. Elections
        2. 2. The Legislative Process
        1. 1. Jürgen Habermas’s Debate with Niklas Luhmann
        2. 2. Stefan Lange and Chris Thornhill’s Nuanced Appraisal
        3. 3. Putting Luhmann’s Skepticism of Justifiability in Perspective
      2. B. The Sources of Political Stability
    5. V. Conclusion
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      1. A. The Countermajoritarian Difficulty
        1. 1. The Political-Equality Criterion
        2. 2. The Minimal-Justice Criterion
      1. A. The ‘Chain of Legitimation’
      2. B. Constitutional Provisions for Judicial Review
      3. C. Public Support for Judicial Review
            1. i. The Legislature
            2. ii. The Court
            1. i. The United States
            2. ii. Germany
            1. i. The Argument from Democratic Choice
            2. ii. The Argument from Constitutional Precommitment
          4. d) Who Gets to Predict Legislative Behavior?
        2. 2. Public Reason
        3. 3. The Need for Unanimity
          1. a) Forming the General Will
          2. b) Holding Out the Promise of Change
          3. c) Why the Constitutional Court?
          1. a) Underenforcing Our Basic Human Rights
          2. b) Overenforcing Our Basic Human Rights
          3. c) Zero-Sum Rights Controversies
        2. 2. Judicial Review as Insurance Against Future Violations
          1. a) Partial vs. Complete Illegitimacy
          2. b) Defining Marginalized Communities
          3. c) Determining the Essential Rights
        2. 2. Devising a Test for a Court’s Emancipatory Impetus
          1. a) How Expansive Can We Expect the Courts’ Rulings to Be?
          2. b) Focusing on the Concrete Change in the Law
        4. 4. Conclusion
      1. A. The Notion of Legal Autonomy
      2. B. The Notion of Legal Autonomy and Niklas Luhmann’s Political Sociology
        1. 1. Judicial Proceedings and the Absorption of Protest
          1. a) Sensitizing People to the Possibility of Change
          2. b) An Alternative to Positivity Theory?
          1. a) The Judicial-Appointment Process
          2. b) Disavowing Partisanship
            1. i. Examples
            2. ii. Increasing Interpretive Flexibility
        1. 1. Compliance and Institutional Legitimacy
        2. 2. The Causes of Institutional Legitimacy
    5. V. Conclusion
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        1. 1. The Interparty Agreement
        2. 2. Party-Political Affiliations
        1. 1. To Hear or Not to Hear
        2. 2. A Silent Parliament
        1. 1. Politicization Within One Entity vs. Between Entities
        2. 2. The Two Angles to Politicization Between Two or More Entities
        1. 1. What It Means for Constitutional Adjudication to Be or Appear Political
        2. 2. How the Confirmation Process Helps Politicize Constitutional Adjudication
        3. 3. The Effects of Politicization on Constitutional Adjudication
      1. A. Partisan vs. Unanimous Confirmation Votes
        1. 1. The United States
        2. 2. Germany
        1. 1. Perceived Politicization and Institutional Legitimacy
        2. 2. Contentious Appointments and Institutional Legitimacy
        3. 3. Conclusion
      4. D. The Meaning of Partisanship
      1. A. The Concepts of Social Systems and Systemic Differentiation
      2. B. Systems Theory and Politicization by Judicial Appointment
        1. 1. From Unanimous to Partisan Confirmation Votes
        2. 2. The Confirmation Hearings
        1. 1. Partisan Capture and the Political System’s Internal Differentiation
        2. 2. Functional Differentiation and Judicial Authoritativeness
        1. 1. Autopoietic Closure
        2. 2. Autopoietic Closure and Politicization Research
    5. VI. Conclusion
  6. Conclusion 203 - 204
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  7. Bibliography 205 - 230
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