Japanese Grammar

Kimihiko Nomura

doi:10.5771/9780761853121

Summary

Japanese Grammar: The Connecting Point is instrumental for anyone learning Japanese who seeks to gain a firm grasp of the most important aspect of the language: verb usage. Learning Japanese may seem to be a daunting task, but Dr. Nomura's book will help readers conjugate verbs into a variety of formats, construct sentences systematically, and hold intelligible conversations in Japanese. He groups all Japanese verbs into clusters, creating a method of how each of those groups conjugate, and then demonstrates how to combine various verb forms with auxiliary expressions to form complex sentences. Not only is this method excellent for beginners, as it creates a solid foundation for learners to increase their language ability and attain fluency at a rapid rate, but also for intermediate and advanced levels, as it will help them solidify their verb usage and use Japanese with greater confidence. Learners will also benefit from Dr. Nomura's method because they will be able to shift the level of formality in any conversational situation according to what is culturally appropriate. Furthermore, when a new verb is uttered by other people, the learner will be able to immediately apply the agglutinative process described in this grammar book and generate sentences with a variety of suffixes in a culturally appropriate manner.

Search publication

Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2010
ISBN-Print: 978-0-7618-5311-4
ISBN-Online: 978-0-7618-5312-1
Publisher: Hamilton Books, Lanham
Language: English
Pages: 461
Product type: Book Titles

1. Table of Contents No access
2. List of Abbreviations No access
3. List of Tables and Figures No access
4. Preface No access
5. Acknowledgments No access
1. 1.1. Basic Japanese Sound System No access
2. 1. 1. 1.2.1.1. Romanization of Long Vowels No access
  2. 1. 1.2.2.1. Consonant Sounds and Romanization No access
  3. 1.2.3. 46 Basic and 25 Modified Hiragana Characters with Transliteration No access
  4. 1.2.4. 36 Combined Hiragana Characters with Transliteration No access
  5. 1.2.5. The Hiragana Table No access
  6. 1. 1. 1.2.6.1.1. Devoicing of Vowel Sounds No access
      2. 1.2.6.1.2. Elongation of Vowel Sounds No access
    2. 1.2.6.2. Pronunciation of し No access
    3. 1.2.6.3. Pronunciation of 'ち No access
    4. 1.2.6.4. Pronunciation of つ and Geminate No access
    5. 1.2.6.5. Pronunciation of は No access
    6. 1.2.6.6. Pronunciation of よ No access
    7. 1.2.6.7. Pronunciation of へ No access
    8. 1.2.6.8. The Semi-Vowels ~(ya), ゆ(yu), and よ(yo) No access
    9. 1.2.6.9. Pronunciation of 6 (ra), ク (ri), る (ru), れ(re), and ろ (ro) No access
    10. 1.2.6.10. Pronunciation of を No access
    11. 1.2.6.11. Pronunciation of ん, /N/ No access
    12. 1.2.6.12. Usages of じ (ji) and ぢ(dzi) No access
    13. 1.2.6.13. Usages of ず(zu) and づ(dzu) No access
    14. 1.2.6.14. Spelling Choice of じ (ja), じゆ(ju), じよ (jo), OR ぢ (dzya), ぢゆ (dzyu), ぢよ ( dzyo) No access
3. 1. 1.3.1. The Katakana Table No access
  2. 1.3.2. Additional Katakana Characters No access
  3. 1.3.3. Elongation of Vowel Sounds in Katakana No access
4. 1. 1.4.1. Origin of Kan-ji No access
  2. 1.4.2. Difficulty in Studying Kan-ji No access
1. 1. 2.1.1. Verb No access
  2. 2.1.2. Subject No access
  3. 2.1.3. Complement No access
  4. 2.1.4. Direct Object No access
  5. 2.1.5. Indirect Object No access
  6. 1. 1. 2.1.6.1.1. Destination and Direction No access
      2. 2.1.6.1.2. Terminal Location No access
      3. 2.1.6.1.3. Original Point of Movement No access
      4. 2.1.6.1.4. Location of Action or Event No access
      5. 2.1.6.1.5. Static Location No access
      6. 2.1.6.1.6. Route of Motion No access
    2. 1. 2.1.6.2.1. Point in Time No access
      2. 2.1.6.2.2. Terminal Time No access
      3. 2.1.6.2.3. Initial Time No access
      4. 2.1.6.2.4. Duration of Time No access
    3. 2.1.6.3. Instrument, Method, Tool No access
    4. 1. 2.1.6.4.1. Ambiguity No access
      2. 2.1.6.4.2. Clarity No access
    5. 1. 2.1.6.5.1. Target of Object No access
      2. 2.1.6.5.2. Target of Action No access
      3. 2.1.6.5.3. Target of Desiderative No access
  7. 2.1.7. Scrambling Sentence Elements No access
2. 1. 1. 1. 2.2.1.1.1. Mistaken Identity-1 No access
      2. 2.2.1.1.2. Mistaken Identity-2 No access
  2. 2.2.2. "Not to be" Sentence Pattern No access
  3. 1. 2.2.3.1. [Something or Someone+ を(o)] No access
    2. 2.2.3.2. [Somewhere+ で(de)] No access
    3. 2.2.3.3. [Sometime+ l.:(ni)] No access
    4. 2.2.3.4. [Someone or Something+ と (to) いつょ J: l.:(issho ni)] No access
    5. 2.2.3.5. Scrambling in Action No access
    6. 2.2.3.6. [Somewhere+ l:(ni) or へ(e)] No access
    7. 2.2.3.7. [Somewhere or Sometime+ iJ> I? (kara)] No access
    8. 2.2.3.8. [Somewhere or Sometime まで(made)] No access
    9. 2.2.3.9. [Something+ で(de)] No access
    10. 2.2.3.10. [Someone+ l.:(ni)] No access
    11. 2.2.3.11. [Somewhere+ l.:(ni)] No access
1. 1. 1. 3.1.1.1. Complete Intransitive Verbs No access
    2. 3.1.1.2. Incomplete Intransitive Verbs No access
  2. 1. 3.1.2.1. Transitive Verbs take a Direct Object No access
    2. 3.1.2.2. Dative Verbs: Transitive Verbs that can take both a Direct Object and an Indirect Object No access
2. 1. 3.2.1. Dynamic Verbs No access
  2. 3.2.2. Stative Verbs No access
  3. 1. 3.2.3.1. Semantic Variations of the State of Affairs No access
  4. 3.2.4. Target Oriented Verbs No access
  5. 3.2.5. Desiderative Verbs No access
3. 3.3. Morphological Categorization of Japanese Verbs No access
1. 4.1. Components of the Verbal Constituent No access
2. 4.2. Verb Conjugation: Bases and Forms No access
3. 1. 4.3.1. [Vs + Fx + Suf.]: For a Verb with an Auxiliary Expression No access
  2. 4.3.2. [Vs + Fx]: For Casual Speech/Technical Writing No access
  3. 4.3.3. [Vs + Fx + N]: For a Subordinate Clause Modifying a Noun, Creating a Noun Phrase No access
4. 1. 4.4.1. [Vs + F1] = V1 No access
  2. 4.4.2. [Vs + F2] = V2 No access
  3. 4.4.3. [Vs + F3] = V3 No access
  4. 4.4.4. [Vs + F4] = V4 No access
  5. 4.4.5. [Vs + F5] = V5 No access
  6. 4.4.6. [Vs + F6] = V 6 No access
  7. 4.4.7. [Vs +Fて]= Vて No access
  8. 4.4.8. [Vs + Fを] = Vを No access
5. 1. 1. 4.5.1.1. cV-1: Consonant Stem Verbs, Group 1 No access
    2. 4.5.1.2. cV-2: Consonant Stem Verbs, Group 2 No access
    3. 4.5.1.3. cV-3: Consonant Stem Verbs, Group 3 No access
    4. 1. 4.5.1.4.1. cV-4n: Consonant Stem Verbs, Group-4n No access
      2. 4.5.1.4.2. cV-4b: Consonant Stem Verbs, Group-4b No access
      3. 4.5.1.4.3. cV-4m: Consonant Stem Verbs, Group-4m No access
    5. 1. 4.5.1.5.1. cV-5i: Consonant Stem Verbs, Group-5i No access
      2. 4.5.1.5.2. cV-5c: Consonant Stem Verbs, Group-5c No access
      3. 4.5.1.5.3. cV-5r: Consonant Stem Verbs, Group-5r No access
    6. 4.5.1.6. Consonant Stem Verb Conjugation Table No access
  2. 1. 4.5.2.1. vV-1: Vowel Stem Verbs, Group 1 No access
    2. 4.5.2.2. vV-2: Vowel Stem Verbs, Group 2 No access
    3. 4.5.2.3. Vowel Stem Verb Conjugation Table No access
  3. 1. 4.5.3.1. irV-1: Irregular Verb, Group 1 No access
    2. 4.5.3.2. irV-2: Irregular Verb, Group 2 No access
    3. 4.5.3.3. Irregular Verb Conjugation Table No access
6. 4.6. Japanese Verb Conjugation Table No access
7. 1. 1. 4.7.1.1. [V1 + なしつ(nai)] for Conclusive Use in Casual Speech and Technical Writing No access
    2. 4.7.1.2. [V1 + なしつ(nai)] for Attributive use when Modifying a Noun No access
  2. 1. 4.7.2.1. [V2]: Continuative use of the Second Base No access
    2. 4.7.2.2. [V2] for Parallel (or Random) Listing of Activities No access
    3. 4.7.2.3. [V2] as a Noun or a Component of a Converted Noun (see Chapter 11: Noun) No access
    4. 4.7.2.4. [V2] as a Polite and Caring, but Authoritative Expression for Demands, Requests, and Suggestions No access
  3. 1. 4.7.3.1. [V3]: Conclusive use of the Third Base No access
    2. 4.7.3.2. [V3 な (na)]: Use of the Third Base when Forming a Negative Command No access
    3. 4.7.3.3. [V3]: Attributive use of the Third Base No access
  4. 1. 4.7.4.1. [V4 + ぽ(ba)] for a Conditional Clause No access
    2. 4.7.4.2. [V4 + ぽ(ba)] used to Provide Advice (with rising intonation) No access
    3. 4.7.4.3. [V4 + ます(masu)] for Expressing Ability No access
  5. 4.7.5. Fifth Base: V5 = [Vs + F5] No access
  6. 1. 4.7.6.1. [V6 + Suf.] No access
    2. 4.7.6.2. [V6] by itself: An Invitation in Casual Speech No access
  7. 1. 4.7.7.1. [Vて + しつます(i masu)]: Progressive Construction No access
    2. 4.7.7.2. [Vて + は(wa)/む (mo)]: As a Gerundive Constituent No access
    3. 4.7.7.3. [Vて + 〱をさしっ (kudasai)] for Requesting an Action No access
    4. 4.7.7.4. [Vて] for Sequential Listing of Activities No access
  8. 1. 4.7.8.1. [Vた]: Conclusive use of the た(ta)-form No access
    2. 4.7.8.2. [Vた]: Attributive use of the た(ta)-form No access
    3. 4.7.8.3. [Vた + ク (ri)] for Non-Exhaustive Random Listing of Activities No access
1. 1. 5.1.1. Adjectives have Verb quality, but Cannot take an Object No access
  2. 5.1.2. The Copular Noun (CN) Does not have Verb Quality No access
  3. 5.1.3. Transitive Verb (Vt) No access
  4. 5.1.4. Intransitive Verb (Vi) of Necessity No access
  5. 5.1.5. The Second Base of a Verb with the Desiderative Suffix Attached (V2-ta-i) is a Hybrid Adjective No access
2. 5.2. Introduction to the Verb/Adjective Ratio in Hybrid Desideratives No access
3. 5.3. は(wa) in the Desiderative Environment No access
1. 6.1. Components of the Copular Verb in Negative Expressions No access
2. 1. 6.2.1. Immutable Attributes No access
  2. 6.2.2. Acquired Attributes No access
  3. 6.2.3. Inherited Attributes No access
  4. 6.2.4. Temporal Attributes No access
3. 6.3. Conjugation of the Copular Verb No access
4. 1. 1. 6.4.1.1. [Vs + Fx + Suf.]: with a Suffix Attached for Formal Speech No access
    2. 6.4.1.2. [Vs + Fx]: for Casual Speech No access
    3. 6.4.1.3. [Vs + Fx + N]: Forming a Noun Phrase No access
  2. 1. 6.4.2.1. [で(de) + す(su)] No access
    2. 6.4.2.2. [で(de) + した(shita)] No access
    3. 6.4.2.3. [で(de)+ は(wa)+ あクません (ari masen)] No access
    4. 6.4.2.4. [で(de) + は(wa) + いません(i masen)] No access
    5. 6.4.2.5. [で(de) + は(wa) + あクません(ari masen) + でした(de shita)] No access
    6. 6.4.2.6. [で( de) + は(wa) + いません(i masen) + でした (de shita)] No access
  3. 1. cpV3+: Identified as the Conclusive and Attributive Base No access
    2. 1. 6.4.3.1. [Vs + Fx + Suf.]: With a Suffix Attachment for Formal Speech No access
      2. 6.4.3.2. [Vs + Fx]: Casual Speech No access
      3. 6.4.3.3. [Vs + Fx + N]: Forming a Noun Phrase No access
  4. 1. 6.4.4.1. [Vs + Fx + Suf.]: Wwith a Suffix Attachment for Formal Speech No access
    2. 6.4.4.2. [Vs + Fx]: Casual Speech No access
    3. 6.4.4.3. [Vs + Fx + N]: Forming a Noun Phrase No access
  5. 6.4.5. cpV5: Identified as the Imperative Base No access
  6. 1. 6.4.6.1. [Vs + Fx + Suf.]: With an Auxiliary Expression for Formal Speech No access
    2. 6.4.6.2. [Vs + Fx]: For Gasual Speech/Technical Writing No access
    3. 6.4.6.3. [Vs + Fx + N]: For a Subordinate Clause Modifying a Noun, Creating a Noun Phrase No access
  7. 1. 6.4.7.1. As an Adverbial Clause of Reason No access
    2. 6.4.7.2. As a list of Sttributes No access
    3. 6.4.7.3. As a Component of Cyclic and Successive Suffixation No access
  8. 1. 1. 6.4.8.1.1. [Vs + Fx + Suf.]: With the Suffix, な I? (nara), Forming a Conditional Clause No access
    2. 6.4.8.2. [Vs + Fx]: Casual Speech No access
    3. 6.4.8.3. [Vs + Fx + N]: Forming a Noun Phrase 101 No access
1. 7.1. Copular Noun as a Modifier No access
2. 7.2. Copular Noun as a Component of a Genitive Pronoun: (CN+な + の(no)] No access
3. 7.3. Copular Noun as a Complement of the Copular Verb: (CN+O + です(desu)] No access
4. 7.4. Copular Nouns as a Component of an Adverbial Constituent: (CN+O + た(ni)] No access
5. 7.5. Copular Noun is Modified by an Adverb, not by an Adjective No access
6. 2. 11.4.3. [ + み (mi)] No access
  3. 11.4.5. [N + せい (sei)] No access
  4. 11.4.6. Genitive Pronouns No access
  5. 11.4.7. A1 as Nouns No access
7. 1. 11.5.1. [V2 + iJ>た(kata)] No access
  2. 11.5.2. [V2 + <b の (mono)] No access
  3. 11.5.3. [V2 + N] No access
  4. 11.5.4. [V2 + V2] No access
  5. 11.5.5. [N + k] No access
  6. 11.5.6. [N + N] No access
  7. 11.5.7. [N + V2] No access
  8. 11.5.8. [N +A'] No access
  9. 11.5.9. [N + iJ がん (kagen)] No access
  10. 11.5.10. [N + V2 + N] No access
  11. 11.5.11. [As + N] No access
  12. 11.5.12. [As + V2] No access
  13. 11.5.13. [As+ As] No access
  14. 11.5.14. [CN+0 + せい (sei)] No access
  15. 11.5.15. [N + Suf.-ist.] No access
  16. 1. 11.5.16.1. [On-yomi + On-yomi] No access
    2. 11.5.16.2. [On-yomi + Kun-yomi] No access
    3. 11.5.16.3. [Kun-yomi + On-yomi] No access
    4. 11.5.16.4. [Kun-yomi + Kun-yomi] No access
8. 1. 11.6.1. Noun and Noun Phrase Modifying a Noun and Noun Phrase No access
  2. 11.6.2. Adjective Modifying a Noun No access
  3. 11.6.3. Copular Noun Modifying a Noun No access
  4. 1. 11.6.4.1. Present Tense Affirmative Direct form: [Vs + F3 + N] No access
    2. 11.6.4.2. Present Tense Negative form: [Vs + F1 + ない (na-i) + N] No access
    3. 11.6.4.3. Past Tense Affirmative Direct form: [Vs + Fに + N] No access
    4. 11.6.4.4. Past Tense Negative form: [V' + F1 + な iP つた (na-katta) + N] No access
  5. 1. 11.6.5.1. てと (koto) No access
    2. 11.6.5.2. ~ の (mono) No access
    3. 11.6.5.3. とき (toki) No access
    4. 11.6.5.4. あいだ (aida) No access
    5. 11.6.5.5. とちゆろ (tochuu) No access
    6. 11.6.5.6. とてろ (tokoro) No access
    7. 11.6.5.7. ため (tame) No access
    8. 11.6.5.8. Head Nouns of Position No access
1. 1. 12.1.1. First Person Singular No access
  2. 12.1.2. Second Person Singular No access
  3. 12.1.3. Third Person Singular No access
2. 1. 1. 12.2.1.1. Additional Demonstrative Pronouns and Derived Words No access
3. 1. 1. 12.3.1.1. Personal Pronouns No access
    2. 12.3.1.2. Regular Nouns No access
    3. 12.3.1.3. Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns No access
    4. 12.3.1.4. Reflexive Pronouns No access
    5. 12.3.1.5. Distributive Pronouns No access
  2. 12.3.2. [Adj.+ の(no)] No access
  3. 12.3.3. [Dadj.1 + の(no)] No access
  4. 12.3.4. [Adv. + の(no)] No access
  5. 12.3.5. [CN+た + の(no)] No access
  6. 1. 12.3.6.1. [V1 + ない(na-i) + の(no)] No access
    2. 12.3.6.2. [V3 + の(no)] No access
    3. 12.3.6.3. [V to+ の(no)] No access
    4. 12.3.6.4. [V1 + なt.つ(na-katta) + の(no)] No access
  7. 12.3.7. Constituents No access
4. 1. 1. 12.4.1.1. First Person Reflexive Pronoun No access
    2. 12.4.1.2. First Person Pronoun No access
    3. 12.4.1.3. Second Person Pronoun No access
  2. 12.4.2. Suffix:~ じしん(~ jishin)=~ Self(Animate Entity) No access
  3. 12.4.3. Suffix:~ じたい(~ jitai)= itself(Inanimate Entity) No access
5. 1. 12.5.1. そtvr:ぞ(Sore Zore) and jQのQの(ono ono) No access
  2. 12.5 .2. めいめい(mei mei) and iP 〱じ(kakuji) No access
  3. 12.5.3.~ ずつ(~ zutsu)=~ each No access
6. 1. 12.6.1. だh(dare)=who No access
  2. 12.6.2. ぢなた(donata)=which Person and cの't ~ (dochira)=which person No access
  3. 12.6.3. だl"J (doitsu)=which Person No access
  4. 12.6.4. なに(nani)=what No access
  5. 12.6.5. ど·n((dore)=which No access
  6. 1. 12.6.6.1. [なん(nan) + の(no)] and [なに(nani) + の(no)] No access
  7. 12.6.7. いつ(itsu)=when No access
  8. 12.6.8. どこ(doko)=which Place; Where No access
  9. 1. 12.6.9.1. こんな(kon na)=like this No access
    2. 12.6.9.2 . そんな(son na)=like that No access
    3. 12.6.9.3. あんな(an na)=like that No access
    4. 12.6.9.4. どんな(don na)=like what (the Reference Point is at an Unknown Distance) No access
  10. 1. 12.6.10.1. てろ(kou)=in this way No access
    2. 12.6.10.2 . るろ (sou)=in that way No access
    3. 12.6.10.3. ああ (aa)=like that No access
    4. 12.6.10.4. どろ (dou)=in what way; How No access
  11. 12.6.11. い〱 ~ (ikura)=how much; No Matter how much No access
  12. 12.6.12. なぜ (naze)=why No access
  13. 12.6.13. どのよろに (donoyouni)= Inwhatmanner; How No access
7. 1. 1. 12.7.1.1. だ':hb(daremo) No access
    2. 12.7.1.2. だ':hiP(dareka) No access
  2. 12.7.2. どなた b(donatamo)= Everyone; Everybody and どなたdP(donataka)= Someone; Somebody No access
  3. 12.7.3. どいつ b (Doitsumo)= Everyone; Everybody and どいつ> (doitsuka)= Someone; Somebody No access
  4. 12.7.4. なん> (nani+mo)= Anything and なに> (nanika)= Something No access
  5. 12.7.5. いつ> (nan+mo)= Anything and なん> (nanka)= Something No access
  6. 12.7.6. どい> (itsumo)= even an Unknown Time; Always and いつ> (itsuka)= Sometime; Someday No access
  7. 12.7.7. どて>(doko+mo)= Even an Unknown Place and いつ>(dokoka)= Somewhere No access
  8. 12.7.8. どんな > (donna+mo)= n/aand どんな> (donna+ka)=n/a No access
  9. 12.7.9. どろ> ( doumo )= To a Great Degree + Affirmative Ending; for Some Reason + Negative ending; Somehow + Negative Ending; and どろ> (douka)= Somehow; Anyhow No access
  10. 12.7.10. ") < ~ b (ikura+mo)= Even a small (amount) + Negative Ending; Even a few (quantity) + Negative Ending, and") い〱 ~> (ikura+ka)= A Little; a Few No access
  11. 12.7.11. い〱つ t (ikutsu+mo )= Even a few + Negative Ending; In Abundance + Affirmative Ending, and い〱つP (ikutsu + ka)= A Few; Some No access
  12. 12.7.12. なぜ(naze)=why No access
  13. 12.7.13. どのよろに (dono you ni)= In what Manner; How No access
1. Appendix A-1: [Vx + Suf.] by Suf. No access
2. Appendix A-2: [Vx + Suf.] by yx No access
1. Appendix B-1: V2 by Japanese Verb No access
2. Appendix B-2: V2 by English Verb No access
Bibliography No access Pages 455 - 456
Index No access Pages 457 - 460
About the Author No access Pages 461 - 461