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The Transfer of Conflict-Related Detainees

Provisions on the Transfer of Detainees in International Humanitarian Law
Authors:
Publisher:
 14.09.2022

Keywords

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2022
Publication date
14.09.2022
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-8507-0
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-3301-4
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
Schriften des MenschenRechtsZentrums der Universität Potsdam
Volume
48
Language
English
Pages
449
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access 1 - 24
      1. 1.1 Canada No access
      2. 1.2 United States of America No access
        1. 1.3.1 The case of Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v. The United Kingdom No access
        2. 1.3.2 The case of R (on the application of Maya Evans) v. Secretary of State for Defence No access
        3. 1.3.3 The case of Yunus Rahmatullah v. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and another No access
      4. 1.4 Germany No access
      5. 1.5 International Security Assistance Force Afghanistan No access
      1. 2.1 The Copenhagen Process on the Handling of Detainees in International Military Operations No access
      2. 2.2 The ICRC’s attempts to strengthen international humanitarian law protecting persons deprived of their liberty No access
    3. 3 The underlying problem and the aim of the thesis No access
    4. 4 The scope of the thesis No access
    5. 5 Structure of the thesis No access
      1. 1.1 Article 3 UNCAT No access
      2. 1.2 Article 3 ECHR No access
      3. 1.3 Article 7 ICCPR No access
      4. 1.4 The reason for the need of the prohibition of refoulement No access
      5. 1.5 Absolute protection No access
        1. 2.1.1 Article 3 UNCAT No access
        2. 2.1.2 Article 3 ECHR No access
        3. 2.1.3 Article 7 ICCPR No access
        4. 2.1.4 Conclusion No access
        1. 2.2.1 Burden of proof: shared responsibility between the individual and the State No access
        2. 2.2.2 Time of risk-assessment No access
            1. 2.2.3.1.1 The CAT No access
            2. 2.2.3.1.2 The ECtHR No access
            3. 2.2.3.1.3 The HRC No access
            4. 2.2.3.1.4 Conclusion No access
            1. 2.2.3.2.1 Jurisprudence of the CAT and the HRC No access
            2. 2.2.3.2.2 Jurisprudence of the ECtHR No access
            3. 2.2.3.2.3 National case law No access
            4. 2.2.3.2.4 Conclusion No access
          3. 2.2.3.3 Duty to obtain diplomatic assurances? No access
          1. 2.2.4.1 Procedural safeguards under the ECHR No access
          2. 2.2.4.2 Procedural safeguards under the ICCPR No access
          3. 2.2.4.3 Procedural safeguards under the UNCAT No access
          4. 2.2.4.4 Conclusion No access
    3. 3 Risk of secondary refoulement No access
      1. 4.1 Post-transfer obligations after a lawful transfer No access
        1. 4.2.1 Duty to ensure the security of the transferee No access
        2. 4.2.2 Duty to make reparations for the breach of the prohibition of refoulement No access
      1. 5.1 Duty to transfer due to the obligation to respect the sovereignty of the host State No access
      2. 5.2 Duty to transfer on the basis of treaty obligations No access
      3. 5.3 Duty to transfer on the basis of a United Nations Security Council mandate No access
    6. 6 Summary No access
        1. 1.1.1 Object and purpose No access
              1. 1.1.2.1.1.1 “Unlawful combatants” No access
              2. 1.1.2.1.1.2 Relevance of the nationality of a prisoner of war No access
            2. 1.1.2.1.2 Addressee No access
            1. 1.1.2.2.1 Repatriation excluded from the scope of Art. 12 GC III No access
              1. 1.1.2.2.2.1 Transfer of conflict-related detainees to their home State No access
              2. 1.1.2.2.2.2 Persons covered by Art. 12 GC III in non-international armed conflicts No access
            1. 1.1.2.3.1 Beginning of the application of Art. 12 GC III No access
            2. 1.1.2.3.2 End of the application of Art. 12 GC III No access
          4. 1.1.2.4 Ratione loci No access
        3. 1.1.3 Summary of the object and the scope of application of Art. 12 GC III No access
      2. 1.2 The Detaining Power’s responsibility for the treatment of prisoners of war No access
        1. 1.3.1. “Transfer” No access
        2. 1.3.2 Transfers only permitted to a party to the Convention No access
          1. 1.3.3.1 Notion of “willing and able” No access
            1. 1.3.3.2.1 Indications drawn from Art. 57 AP I No access
              1. 1.3.3.2.2.1 Investigating the willingness and ability of the receiving State No access
                1. 1.3.3.2.2.2.1 Duty to seek diplomatic assurances under Art. 12, para. 2, cl. 1 GC III? No access
                2. 1.3.3.2.2.2.2 Quality requirements of diplomatic assurances No access
              3. 1.3.3.2.2.3 Interviewing the prisoner of war No access
                1. 1.3.3.2.2.4.1 Existence of a duty to cancel or suspend a decision to transfer No access
                2. 1.3.3.2.2.4.2 Duty to review a transfer decision? No access
                3. 1.3.3.2.2.4.3 Conclusion No access
                1. 1.3.3.2.2.5.1 Article 106 GC III: the right to appeal against criminal sentences No access
                2. 1.3.3.2.2.5.2 Article 78 GC III: requests regarding the conditions of captivity No access
                3. 1.3.3.2.2.5.3 Article 5, para. 2 GC III: status determination No access
                4. 1.3.3.2.2.5.4 Conclusion No access
              6. 1.3.3.2.2.6 Duty to draw up a complete list of transferred prisoners of war No access
              7. 1.3.3.2.2.7 Other measures verifying the willingness and ability of the receiving State to apply the Convention No access
            3. 1.3.3.2.3 Prisoner of war specific assessment No access
        4. 1.3.4 Duty to notify the prisoner of war in advance about his or her transfer No access
          1. 1.3.5.1 Required degree of probability No access
          2. 1.3.5.2 Variability of the degree of probability? No access
          3. 1.3.5.3 Scope of the transfer prohibition No access
        6. 1.3.6 Summary on the conditions of a lawful transfer No access
        1. 1.4.1 Primary responsibility of the receiving State to apply the Convention No access
              1. 1.4.2.1.1.1 Drafting history No access
              2. 1.4.2.1.1.2 Teleological approach No access
              3. 1.4.2.1.1.3 Summary No access
              1. 1.4.2.1.2.1 Implementation of monitoring mechanisms as part of the post-transfer obligations of the transferring State No access
              2. 1.4.2.1.2.2 Prerequisites of an effective monitoring system No access
            3. 1.4.2.1.3 Summary on the transferring State’s “post-transfer-pre-breach” obligations No access
              1. 1.4.2.2.1.1 “Nevertheless”: Post-transfer obligations of the transferring State despite the compliance with its pre-transfer obligations No access
              2. 1.4.2.2.1.2 Failure of the receiving State to comply with GC III “in any important respect” No access
                1. 1.4.2.2.1.3.1 Effective measures No access
                2. 1.4.2.2.1.3.2 Request for the return of the transferee No access
                3. 1.4.2.2.1.3.3 Request for the return of all transferred prisoners of war No access
              4. 1.4.2.2.1.4 Necessity of the notification by the Protecting Power? No access
            2. 1.4.2.2.2 Article 12, para. 3, cl. 2 GC III No access
          3. 1.4.2.3 Summary on the legal consequences of a lawful transfer No access
            1. 1.4.3.1.1 Responsibility of the receiving State to apply the Convention No access
            2. 1.4.3.1.2 Responsibility of the transferring State: release from the responsibility to fully apply the Convention? No access
          2. 1.4.3.2 Responsibility of the transferring State after a failure of the receiving State to carry out the provisions of the Convention No access
          1. 1.4.4.1 Entitlement to seek reparations and consequential issues in transfer cases No access
          2. 1.4.4.2 Relevance of an injury caused to the transferee by the receiving State No access
          3. 1.4.4.3 Scope of the obligation to make full reparation No access
        5. 1.4.5 Summary on the legal consequences of transferring prisoners of war No access
        1. 1.5.1 Duty to repatriate according to Article 118, para. 1 GC III No access
        2. 1.5.2 Duty to transfer due to the respect for the sovereignty of the receiving State No access
        3. 1.5.3 Duty to transfer on the basis of a treaty No access
        4. 1.5.4 Duty to transfer on the basis of a United Nations Security Council mandate No access
        5. 1.5.5 Summary on the duty to transfer No access
        1. 2.1.1 Object and Purpose No access
              1. 2.1.2.1.1.1 Nationality requirement No access
              2. 2.1.2.1.1.2 In the hands of a belligerent or an occupying Power No access
            2. 2.1.2.1.2 Addressee No access
            1. 2.1.2.2.1 Spatial limitation of the applicability of Art. 45 GC IV No access
            2. 2.1.2.2.2 Spacial limitation in relation to the protection of nationals of neutral States No access
                1. 2.1.2.3.1.1.1 Article 45, para. 1 GC IV No access
                2. 2.1.2.3.1.1.2 Article 45, para. 2 GC IV: repatriation and return to the country of residence No access
                3. 2.1.2.3.1.1.3 Absolute ban on transfers to a State where a transferee would face persecution (Art. 45, para. 4 GC IV) No access
                1. 2.1.2.3.1.2.1 Transfer of detainees No access
                2. 2.1.2.3.1.2.2 Repatriation excluded from the scope of Art. 45, para. 3 GC IV No access
                  1. 2.1.2.3.1.2.3.1 Prior to the close of hostilities No access
                  2. 2.1.2.3.1.2.3.2 After the cessation of hostilities No access
              3. 2.1.2.3.1.3 Extraditions (Art. 45, para. 5 GC IV) No access
              4. 2.1.2.3.1.4 Summary on the structure of Art. 45 GC IV No access
            2. 2.1.2.3.2 Applicability of Art. 45 GC IV in non-international armed conflicts No access
          4. 2.1.2.4 Ratione temporis No access
          1. 2.2.1.1 Investigations on the receiving State No access
          2. 2.2.1.2 Precautions ensuring the safety of transferees: diplomatic assurances and monitoring measures No access
          3. 2.2.1.3 Interviewing the protected person No access
          4. 2.2.1.4 Duty to review a transfer decision and where necessary to suspend or cancel its enforcement No access
          5. 2.2.1.5 Duty to install a review procedure including a right to appeal? No access
          6. 2.2.1.6 Other modalities of transferring internees No access
          7. 2.2.1.7 Individual assessment No access
        2. 2.2.2 Prohibition to transfer to persecution according to Art. 45, para. 4 GC IV No access
          1. 2.2.3.1 Required level of probability under Art. 45, para. 3, cl. 1 GC IV No access
          2. 2.2.3.2 Required level of probability under Art. 45, para. 4 GC IV No access
            1. 2.2.3.3.1 Cases of persecution for one’s political opinions or religious beliefs No access
            2. 2.2.3.3.2 Limiting the transferring State’s authority in light of Art. 45, para. 4 GC IV No access
        1. 2.3.1 Release from primary responsibility to apply the Convention No access
        2. 2.3.2 Preventive post-transfer obligations of the transferring State No access
        3. 2.3.3 Remedial post-transfer obligations: Art. 45, para. 3, cl. 3 GC IV No access
        4. 2.3.4 Transfer in contravention of Art. 45 GC IV No access
        1. 2.4.1 Article 5 GC IV No access
        2. 2.4.2 Duty to repatriate? No access
        3. 2.4.3 Duty to transfer on the basis of a treaty obligation No access
      1. 3.1 Object and purpose and scope of application No access
            1. 3.2.1.1.1 Duty to investigate No access
            2. 3.2.1.1.2 Transfer procedure and verification of the transfer decision No access
            3. 3.2.1.1.3 Measures to ensure the security of the transferees No access
          2. 3.2.1.2 Prohibition to transfer No access
            1. 3.2.1.3.1 Preventive obligations No access
            2. 3.2.1.3.2 Remedial obligations No access
          1. 3.2.2.1 No release from the main responsibility for the treatment of the transferee No access
          2. 3.2.2.2 State responsibility and the right to reparations No access
        3. 3.2.3 Duty to transfer No access
    1. 1 Object and purpose No access
    2. 2 Scope of application No access
      1. 3.1 Standard of care and the prohibition to transfer No access
        1. 3.2.1 Investigations No access
        2. 3.2.2 Procedural safeguards No access
      3. 3.3 No duty to transfer No access
    4. 4 Consequences of a lawful transfer No access
    5. 5 Consequences of an unlawful transfer No access
  6. Chapter 5: Conclusion No access 410 - 412
  7. List of References No access 413 - 449

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