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The Transfer of Conflict-Related Detainees

Provisions on the Transfer of Detainees in International Humanitarian Law
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Verlag:
 14.09.2022

Zusammenfassung

Im Rahmen ihrer Beteiligung an multinationalen Militäroperationen ist es für truppenstellende Staaten erforderlich, Gegner in Gewahrsam zu nehmen. Doch was, wenn der Staat die Gewahrsamsperson nicht im eignen Gewahrsam behalten will? Unter welchen Voraussetzungen ist es möglich, die Gewahrsamsperson an einen anderen Staat zu überstellen? Im Gegensatz zu den Vorgaben des menschenrechtlichen refoulement-Verbots haben die humanitärvölkerrechtlichen Überstellungsregeln der Genfer Konventionen von 1949 bisher trotz ihrer vorrangigen Anwendbarkeit in bewaffneten Konflikten wenig Beachtung gefunden. Mit der Kommentierung dieser Regeln schließt dieses Werk eine Lücke in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zur Thematik.

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Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr
2022
Erscheinungsdatum
14.09.2022
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-8507-0
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-3301-4
Verlag
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe
Schriften des MenschenRechtsZentrums der Universität Potsdam
Band
48
Sprache
Englisch
Seiten
449
Produkttyp
Monographie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Kein Zugriff 1 - 24
      1. 1.1 Canada Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.2 United States of America Kein Zugriff
        1. 1.3.1 The case of Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v. The United Kingdom Kein Zugriff
        2. 1.3.2 The case of R (on the application of Maya Evans) v. Secretary of State for Defence Kein Zugriff
        3. 1.3.3 The case of Yunus Rahmatullah v. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and another Kein Zugriff
      4. 1.4 Germany Kein Zugriff
      5. 1.5 International Security Assistance Force Afghanistan Kein Zugriff
      1. 2.1 The Copenhagen Process on the Handling of Detainees in International Military Operations Kein Zugriff
      2. 2.2 The ICRC’s attempts to strengthen international humanitarian law protecting persons deprived of their liberty Kein Zugriff
    3. 3 The underlying problem and the aim of the thesis Kein Zugriff
    4. 4 The scope of the thesis Kein Zugriff
    5. 5 Structure of the thesis Kein Zugriff
      1. 1.1 Article 3 UNCAT Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.2 Article 3 ECHR Kein Zugriff
      3. 1.3 Article 7 ICCPR Kein Zugriff
      4. 1.4 The reason for the need of the prohibition of refoulement Kein Zugriff
      5. 1.5 Absolute protection Kein Zugriff
        1. 2.1.1 Article 3 UNCAT Kein Zugriff
        2. 2.1.2 Article 3 ECHR Kein Zugriff
        3. 2.1.3 Article 7 ICCPR Kein Zugriff
        4. 2.1.4 Conclusion Kein Zugriff
        1. 2.2.1 Burden of proof: shared responsibility between the individual and the State Kein Zugriff
        2. 2.2.2 Time of risk-assessment Kein Zugriff
            1. 2.2.3.1.1 The CAT Kein Zugriff
            2. 2.2.3.1.2 The ECtHR Kein Zugriff
            3. 2.2.3.1.3 The HRC Kein Zugriff
            4. 2.2.3.1.4 Conclusion Kein Zugriff
            1. 2.2.3.2.1 Jurisprudence of the CAT and the HRC Kein Zugriff
            2. 2.2.3.2.2 Jurisprudence of the ECtHR Kein Zugriff
            3. 2.2.3.2.3 National case law Kein Zugriff
            4. 2.2.3.2.4 Conclusion Kein Zugriff
          3. 2.2.3.3 Duty to obtain diplomatic assurances? Kein Zugriff
          1. 2.2.4.1 Procedural safeguards under the ECHR Kein Zugriff
          2. 2.2.4.2 Procedural safeguards under the ICCPR Kein Zugriff
          3. 2.2.4.3 Procedural safeguards under the UNCAT Kein Zugriff
          4. 2.2.4.4 Conclusion Kein Zugriff
    3. 3 Risk of secondary refoulement Kein Zugriff
      1. 4.1 Post-transfer obligations after a lawful transfer Kein Zugriff
        1. 4.2.1 Duty to ensure the security of the transferee Kein Zugriff
        2. 4.2.2 Duty to make reparations for the breach of the prohibition of refoulement Kein Zugriff
      1. 5.1 Duty to transfer due to the obligation to respect the sovereignty of the host State Kein Zugriff
      2. 5.2 Duty to transfer on the basis of treaty obligations Kein Zugriff
      3. 5.3 Duty to transfer on the basis of a United Nations Security Council mandate Kein Zugriff
    6. 6 Summary Kein Zugriff
        1. 1.1.1 Object and purpose Kein Zugriff
              1. 1.1.2.1.1.1 “Unlawful combatants” Kein Zugriff
              2. 1.1.2.1.1.2 Relevance of the nationality of a prisoner of war Kein Zugriff
            2. 1.1.2.1.2 Addressee Kein Zugriff
            1. 1.1.2.2.1 Repatriation excluded from the scope of Art. 12 GC III Kein Zugriff
              1. 1.1.2.2.2.1 Transfer of conflict-related detainees to their home State Kein Zugriff
              2. 1.1.2.2.2.2 Persons covered by Art. 12 GC III in non-international armed conflicts Kein Zugriff
            1. 1.1.2.3.1 Beginning of the application of Art. 12 GC III Kein Zugriff
            2. 1.1.2.3.2 End of the application of Art. 12 GC III Kein Zugriff
          4. 1.1.2.4 Ratione loci Kein Zugriff
        3. 1.1.3 Summary of the object and the scope of application of Art. 12 GC III Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.2 The Detaining Power’s responsibility for the treatment of prisoners of war Kein Zugriff
        1. 1.3.1. “Transfer” Kein Zugriff
        2. 1.3.2 Transfers only permitted to a party to the Convention Kein Zugriff
          1. 1.3.3.1 Notion of “willing and able” Kein Zugriff
            1. 1.3.3.2.1 Indications drawn from Art. 57 AP I Kein Zugriff
              1. 1.3.3.2.2.1 Investigating the willingness and ability of the receiving State Kein Zugriff
                1. 1.3.3.2.2.2.1 Duty to seek diplomatic assurances under Art. 12, para. 2, cl. 1 GC III? Kein Zugriff
                2. 1.3.3.2.2.2.2 Quality requirements of diplomatic assurances Kein Zugriff
              3. 1.3.3.2.2.3 Interviewing the prisoner of war Kein Zugriff
                1. 1.3.3.2.2.4.1 Existence of a duty to cancel or suspend a decision to transfer Kein Zugriff
                2. 1.3.3.2.2.4.2 Duty to review a transfer decision? Kein Zugriff
                3. 1.3.3.2.2.4.3 Conclusion Kein Zugriff
                1. 1.3.3.2.2.5.1 Article 106 GC III: the right to appeal against criminal sentences Kein Zugriff
                2. 1.3.3.2.2.5.2 Article 78 GC III: requests regarding the conditions of captivity Kein Zugriff
                3. 1.3.3.2.2.5.3 Article 5, para. 2 GC III: status determination Kein Zugriff
                4. 1.3.3.2.2.5.4 Conclusion Kein Zugriff
              6. 1.3.3.2.2.6 Duty to draw up a complete list of transferred prisoners of war Kein Zugriff
              7. 1.3.3.2.2.7 Other measures verifying the willingness and ability of the receiving State to apply the Convention Kein Zugriff
            3. 1.3.3.2.3 Prisoner of war specific assessment Kein Zugriff
        4. 1.3.4 Duty to notify the prisoner of war in advance about his or her transfer Kein Zugriff
          1. 1.3.5.1 Required degree of probability Kein Zugriff
          2. 1.3.5.2 Variability of the degree of probability? Kein Zugriff
          3. 1.3.5.3 Scope of the transfer prohibition Kein Zugriff
        6. 1.3.6 Summary on the conditions of a lawful transfer Kein Zugriff
        1. 1.4.1 Primary responsibility of the receiving State to apply the Convention Kein Zugriff
              1. 1.4.2.1.1.1 Drafting history Kein Zugriff
              2. 1.4.2.1.1.2 Teleological approach Kein Zugriff
              3. 1.4.2.1.1.3 Summary Kein Zugriff
              1. 1.4.2.1.2.1 Implementation of monitoring mechanisms as part of the post-transfer obligations of the transferring State Kein Zugriff
              2. 1.4.2.1.2.2 Prerequisites of an effective monitoring system Kein Zugriff
            3. 1.4.2.1.3 Summary on the transferring State’s “post-transfer-pre-breach” obligations Kein Zugriff
              1. 1.4.2.2.1.1 “Nevertheless”: Post-transfer obligations of the transferring State despite the compliance with its pre-transfer obligations Kein Zugriff
              2. 1.4.2.2.1.2 Failure of the receiving State to comply with GC III “in any important respect” Kein Zugriff
                1. 1.4.2.2.1.3.1 Effective measures Kein Zugriff
                2. 1.4.2.2.1.3.2 Request for the return of the transferee Kein Zugriff
                3. 1.4.2.2.1.3.3 Request for the return of all transferred prisoners of war Kein Zugriff
              4. 1.4.2.2.1.4 Necessity of the notification by the Protecting Power? Kein Zugriff
            2. 1.4.2.2.2 Article 12, para. 3, cl. 2 GC III Kein Zugriff
          3. 1.4.2.3 Summary on the legal consequences of a lawful transfer Kein Zugriff
            1. 1.4.3.1.1 Responsibility of the receiving State to apply the Convention Kein Zugriff
            2. 1.4.3.1.2 Responsibility of the transferring State: release from the responsibility to fully apply the Convention? Kein Zugriff
          2. 1.4.3.2 Responsibility of the transferring State after a failure of the receiving State to carry out the provisions of the Convention Kein Zugriff
          1. 1.4.4.1 Entitlement to seek reparations and consequential issues in transfer cases Kein Zugriff
          2. 1.4.4.2 Relevance of an injury caused to the transferee by the receiving State Kein Zugriff
          3. 1.4.4.3 Scope of the obligation to make full reparation Kein Zugriff
        5. 1.4.5 Summary on the legal consequences of transferring prisoners of war Kein Zugriff
        1. 1.5.1 Duty to repatriate according to Article 118, para. 1 GC III Kein Zugriff
        2. 1.5.2 Duty to transfer due to the respect for the sovereignty of the receiving State Kein Zugriff
        3. 1.5.3 Duty to transfer on the basis of a treaty Kein Zugriff
        4. 1.5.4 Duty to transfer on the basis of a United Nations Security Council mandate Kein Zugriff
        5. 1.5.5 Summary on the duty to transfer Kein Zugriff
        1. 2.1.1 Object and Purpose Kein Zugriff
              1. 2.1.2.1.1.1 Nationality requirement Kein Zugriff
              2. 2.1.2.1.1.2 In the hands of a belligerent or an occupying Power Kein Zugriff
            2. 2.1.2.1.2 Addressee Kein Zugriff
            1. 2.1.2.2.1 Spatial limitation of the applicability of Art. 45 GC IV Kein Zugriff
            2. 2.1.2.2.2 Spacial limitation in relation to the protection of nationals of neutral States Kein Zugriff
                1. 2.1.2.3.1.1.1 Article 45, para. 1 GC IV Kein Zugriff
                2. 2.1.2.3.1.1.2 Article 45, para. 2 GC IV: repatriation and return to the country of residence Kein Zugriff
                3. 2.1.2.3.1.1.3 Absolute ban on transfers to a State where a transferee would face persecution (Art. 45, para. 4 GC IV) Kein Zugriff
                1. 2.1.2.3.1.2.1 Transfer of detainees Kein Zugriff
                2. 2.1.2.3.1.2.2 Repatriation excluded from the scope of Art. 45, para. 3 GC IV Kein Zugriff
                  1. 2.1.2.3.1.2.3.1 Prior to the close of hostilities Kein Zugriff
                  2. 2.1.2.3.1.2.3.2 After the cessation of hostilities Kein Zugriff
              3. 2.1.2.3.1.3 Extraditions (Art. 45, para. 5 GC IV) Kein Zugriff
              4. 2.1.2.3.1.4 Summary on the structure of Art. 45 GC IV Kein Zugriff
            2. 2.1.2.3.2 Applicability of Art. 45 GC IV in non-international armed conflicts Kein Zugriff
          4. 2.1.2.4 Ratione temporis Kein Zugriff
          1. 2.2.1.1 Investigations on the receiving State Kein Zugriff
          2. 2.2.1.2 Precautions ensuring the safety of transferees: diplomatic assurances and monitoring measures Kein Zugriff
          3. 2.2.1.3 Interviewing the protected person Kein Zugriff
          4. 2.2.1.4 Duty to review a transfer decision and where necessary to suspend or cancel its enforcement Kein Zugriff
          5. 2.2.1.5 Duty to install a review procedure including a right to appeal? Kein Zugriff
          6. 2.2.1.6 Other modalities of transferring internees Kein Zugriff
          7. 2.2.1.7 Individual assessment Kein Zugriff
        2. 2.2.2 Prohibition to transfer to persecution according to Art. 45, para. 4 GC IV Kein Zugriff
          1. 2.2.3.1 Required level of probability under Art. 45, para. 3, cl. 1 GC IV Kein Zugriff
          2. 2.2.3.2 Required level of probability under Art. 45, para. 4 GC IV Kein Zugriff
            1. 2.2.3.3.1 Cases of persecution for one’s political opinions or religious beliefs Kein Zugriff
            2. 2.2.3.3.2 Limiting the transferring State’s authority in light of Art. 45, para. 4 GC IV Kein Zugriff
        1. 2.3.1 Release from primary responsibility to apply the Convention Kein Zugriff
        2. 2.3.2 Preventive post-transfer obligations of the transferring State Kein Zugriff
        3. 2.3.3 Remedial post-transfer obligations: Art. 45, para. 3, cl. 3 GC IV Kein Zugriff
        4. 2.3.4 Transfer in contravention of Art. 45 GC IV Kein Zugriff
        1. 2.4.1 Article 5 GC IV Kein Zugriff
        2. 2.4.2 Duty to repatriate? Kein Zugriff
        3. 2.4.3 Duty to transfer on the basis of a treaty obligation Kein Zugriff
      1. 3.1 Object and purpose and scope of application Kein Zugriff
            1. 3.2.1.1.1 Duty to investigate Kein Zugriff
            2. 3.2.1.1.2 Transfer procedure and verification of the transfer decision Kein Zugriff
            3. 3.2.1.1.3 Measures to ensure the security of the transferees Kein Zugriff
          2. 3.2.1.2 Prohibition to transfer Kein Zugriff
            1. 3.2.1.3.1 Preventive obligations Kein Zugriff
            2. 3.2.1.3.2 Remedial obligations Kein Zugriff
          1. 3.2.2.1 No release from the main responsibility for the treatment of the transferee Kein Zugriff
          2. 3.2.2.2 State responsibility and the right to reparations Kein Zugriff
        3. 3.2.3 Duty to transfer Kein Zugriff
    1. 1 Object and purpose Kein Zugriff
    2. 2 Scope of application Kein Zugriff
      1. 3.1 Standard of care and the prohibition to transfer Kein Zugriff
        1. 3.2.1 Investigations Kein Zugriff
        2. 3.2.2 Procedural safeguards Kein Zugriff
      3. 3.3 No duty to transfer Kein Zugriff
    4. 4 Consequences of a lawful transfer Kein Zugriff
    5. 5 Consequences of an unlawful transfer Kein Zugriff
  6. Chapter 5: Conclusion Kein Zugriff 410 - 412
  7. List of References Kein Zugriff 413 - 449

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