, to see if you have full access to this publication.
Educational Book No access
Fallbeispieleffekte
- Authors:
- Series:
- Konzepte. Ansätze der Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft, Volume 13
- Publisher:
- 15.04.2021
Keywords
Search publication
Bibliographic data
- Publication year
- 2021
- Publication date
- 15.04.2021
- ISBN-Print
- 978-3-8487-4869-3
- ISBN-Online
- 978-3-8452-8987-8
- Publisher
- Nomos, Baden-Baden
- Series
- Konzepte. Ansätze der Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft
- Volume
- 13
- Language
- German
- Pages
- 145
- Product type
- Educational Book
Table of contents
ChapterPages
- Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 12
- Die Hypothese des Fallbeispieleffekts: Kern und Varianten No access
- Einordnung in die Wirkungsforschung und Bezug zu anderen Ansätzen No access
- Fallbeispiele als journalistisches Darstellungsmittel No access
- Normative Implikationen von Fallbeispielen: Repräsentativität, Rationalität und Medienkompetenz No access
- Von der Wirkung von Fallbeispielen zu Fallbeispieleffekten als Medienwirkung No access
- Themen- und medienübergreifende Prüfung von Fallbeispieleffekten No access
- Ausdifferenzierung der Forschung und die Rolle der summarischen Realitätsbeschreibungen No access
- Fallbeispielforschung nach der Logik experimenteller Medienwirkungsforschung No access
- Typische Stimuli No access
- Varianten abhängiger Variablen No access
- Die Auswertung experimenteller Daten No access
- Belege für Fallbeispieleffekte No access
- Die Rolle summarischer Realitätsbeschreibungen No access
- Heuristisches Schlussfolgern No access
- Base Rate Fallacy No access
- Lebhaftigkeit und Aufmerksamkeit No access
- Personenmerkmale No access
- Wirkungen der Verteilung von Fallbeispielen No access
- Schemabasierte Verarbeitung No access
- Persuasion durch Fallbeispiele No access
- Ein integratives Modell der persuasiven Wirkung von Fallbeispielen No access
- Fazit und Ausblick No access Pages 122 - 127
- „Top Ten“ der Forschungsliteratur No access Pages 128 - 130
- Literatur No access Pages 131 - 143
- Bisher in der Reihe erschienene Bände No access Pages 144 - 145
Bibliography (161 entries)
No match found. Try another term.
- Abraham, Linus & Appiah, Osei (2006). Framing news stories: The role of visual imagery in priming racial stereotypes. Howard Journal of Communication, 17, 183–203. Open Google Scholar
- Ajzen, Icek (1977). Intuitive theories of events and the effects of base-rate information on prediction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 303–314. Open Google Scholar
- Allen, Mike et al. (2000). Testing the persuasiveness of evidence: Combining narrative and statistical forms. Communication Research Reports, 17, 331–336. Open Google Scholar
- Allen, Mike & Preiss, Raymond W. (1997). Comparing the persuasiveness of narrative and statistical evidence using meta-analysis. Communication Research Reports, 14, 125–131. Open Google Scholar
- Allen, Mike, Preiss, Raymond W. & Gayle, Barbara Mae (2006). Meta-analytic examination of the base-rate fallacy. Communication Research Reports, 23, 45–51. Open Google Scholar
- Anderson, John R. (2007). Kognitive Psychologie (6. Aufl.). Heidelberg: Spektrum. Open Google Scholar
- Anderson, Kim, Skovsgaard, Morten, Albaek, Eric & de Vreese, Claes (2017). The engaging effect of exemplars: How an emotional reaction to (dis)similar people in the news media affects political participation. International Journal of Press/Politics, 22, 490-509. Open Google Scholar
- Appel, Markus (2011). A story about a stupid person can make you act stupid (or smart): Behavioral assimilation (and contrast) as narrative impact. Media Psychology, 14, 144–167. Open Google Scholar
- Arpan, Laura M. (2006). Examining additional causes and consequences of the hostile media effect. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der International Communication Association, Dresden. Open Google Scholar
- Arpan, Laura M. (2009). The effects of exemplification on perception of news credibility. Mass Communication and Society, 12, 249–270. Open Google Scholar
- Aust, Charles F. & Zillmann, Dolf (1996). Effects of victim exemplification in television news on viewer perception of social issues. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 73, 787–803. Open Google Scholar
- Baesler, E. James & Burgoon, Judee K. (1994). The temporal effects of story and statistical evidence on belief change. Communication Research, 21, 582–602. Open Google Scholar
- Bandura, Albert (1976). Lernen am Modell. Stuttgart: Klett. Open Google Scholar
- Bar-Hillel, Maya (1980). The base-rate fallacy in probability judgments. Acta Psychologica, 44, 211–233. Open Google Scholar
- Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering. A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar
- Bas, Ozen & Grabe, Maria Elizabeth (2015). Emotion-provoking personalization of news: Informing citizens and closing the knowledge gap? Communication Research, 42, 159-185 Open Google Scholar
- Beckers, Kathleen (2017a). Vox pops in the news: The journalists’ perspective. Communications, 43, 101-111. Open Google Scholar
- Beckers, Kathleen (2017b). How ordinary is the ordinary (wo)man on the street? An analysis of vox pop characteristics in television news. Journalism Practice, 11, 1026-1041. Open Google Scholar
- Beckers, Kathleen (2019). What vox pops say and how that matters: Effects of vox pops in television news on perceived public opinion and personal opinion. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 96, 980-1003. Open Google Scholar
- Beckers, Kathleen, Walgrave, Stefaan & van den Bulck, Hilde (2018). Opinion balance in vox pop television news. Journalism Studies, 9, 284-296. Open Google Scholar
- Beier, Anne, Fiechtner, Stephanie & Trebbe, Joachim (2020). Ordinary citizens in Swiss public television news: Representing a national public sphere? Journalism Studies, 21, 1055-1075. Open Google Scholar
- Berger, Charles R. (2001). Making it worse than it is: Quantitative depictions of threatening trends in the news. Journal of Communication, 51, 655–677. Open Google Scholar
- Bigsby, Elisabeth, Bigman, Cabral A., & Martinez Gonzalez, Andrea (2019). Exemplification theory: A review and meta-analysis of exemplar messages. Annals of the International Communication Association, 43, 273-296. Open Google Scholar
- Bilandzic, Helena, Hastall, Matthias, Kinnebrock, Susanne & Busselle, Rick (2010). Personalization in news: How format and narrative engagement influence news selection, learning, and attitude change. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der International Communication Association, Singapur. Open Google Scholar
- Birk, Elisabeth (2007). The use of examples. Online verfügbar unter: http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3175/ Open Google Scholar
- Blake, Christopher & Daschmann, Gregor (2007). Experts and base-rates, laymen and single case Information: Can statistical knowledge prevent exemplification effects? Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der International Communication Association, San Francisco. Open Google Scholar
- Bless, Herbert et al. (2001). Personalized versus generalized benefits of stereotype disconfirmation: Trade-offs in the evaluation of atypical exemplars and their social groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 386–397. Open Google Scholar
- Blöbaum, Bernd, Bonk, Sophie, Karthaus, Anne, & Kutscha, Annika (2010). Das Publikum im Blick. Die veränderte Publikumsorientierung des Journalismus seit 1990. Journalistik Journal, o. Jg. (1), 33–35. Open Google Scholar
- Blumer, Herbert (1948). Public opinion and public opinion polling. American Sociological Review, 13, 542–549. Open Google Scholar
- Bodenhausen, Galen V., Schwarz, Norbert, Bless, Herbert & Wänke, Michaela (1995). Effects of atypical exemplars on racial beliefs: Enlightened racism or generalized appraisals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 48–63. Open Google Scholar
- Bosch, Brandon (2014). Beyond vox pop: The role of news sourcing and political beliefs in exemplification effects. Mass Communication and Society, 17, 217–235. Open Google Scholar
- Boster, Franklin J. et al. (2000). The persuasive effects of statistical evidence in the presence of exemplars. Communication Studies, 51, 296–306. Open Google Scholar
- Bourdieu, Pierre (1973). L’opinion publique n’existe pas. Les temps modernes, 29, 1292–1309. Open Google Scholar
- Brosius, Hans-Bernd (1995). Alltagsrationalität in der Nachrichtenrezeption. Ein Modell zur Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung von Nachrichteninhalten. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. Open Google Scholar
- Brosius, Hans-Bernd (1996). Der Einfluß von Fallbeispielen auf Urteile der Rezipienten. Die Rolle der Ähnlichkeit zwischen Fallbeispiel und Rezipient. Rundfunk und Fernsehen, 44, 51–69. Open Google Scholar
- Brosius, Hans-Bernd & Bathelt, Anke (1994). The utility of exemplars in persuasive communications. Communication Research, 21, 48–78. Open Google Scholar
- Brosius, Hans-Bernd, Schweiger, Wolfgang, Rossmann, Constanze (2000). Auf der Suche nach den Ursachen des Fallbeispieleffekts: Der Einfluss von Anzahl und Art der Urheber von Fallbeispielinformation. Medienpsychologie, 12, 153–175. Open Google Scholar
- Brosius, Hans-Bernd; Mundorf, Norbert (1990). Eins und eins ist ungleich zwei: Differentielle Aufmerksamkeit, Lebhaftigkeit von Information und Medienwirkung. Publizistik, 35, 398–407. Open Google Scholar
- Bryant, Jennings, Roskos-Ewoldsen, David & Cantor, Joanne (2003). A brief biography and intellectual history of Dolf Zillmann. In Bryant, Jennings, Roskos-Ewoldsen, David & Cantor, Joanne (Hrsg.), Communication and emotion: Essays in honor of Dolf Zillmann (S. 7–26). Mahwah: Erlbaum. Open Google Scholar
- Busselle, Rick W. & Shrum, L. J. (2003). Media exposure and exemplar accessibility. Media Psychology, 5, 255–282. Open Google Scholar
- Cacioppo, John T. & Petty, Richard E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 116–131. Open Google Scholar
- Chaiken, Shelly (1980). Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 39, 752–766. Open Google Scholar
- Collins, Rebecca L. et al. (1988). The vividness effect: elusive or illusory? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 1–18. Open Google Scholar
- Craig, David A. (2003). The promise and peril of anecdotes in news coverage: An ethical analysis. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80, 804–805. Open Google Scholar
- Daschmann, Gregor (2001). Der Einfluß von Fallbeispielen auf Leserurteile. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Medienwirkung. Konstanz: UVK. Open Google Scholar
- Daschmann, Gregor (2004). Labordaten vs. Felddaten – theoretische Überlegungen und ein empirisches Beispiel zu den Implikationen der Verwendung studentischer Versuchsgruppen in Laborexperimenten. In Wirth, Werner, Lauf, Edmund & Fahr, Andreas (Hrsg.), Forschungslogik und -design in der Kommunikationswissenschaft (S. 88–114). Köln: Halem. Open Google Scholar
- Daschmann, Gregor & Brosius, Hand-Bernd (1999). Can a single incident create an issue? Exemplars in German television magazine shows. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76, 35–51. Open Google Scholar
- Daschmann, Gregor & Brosius, Hans-Bernd (1997). Ist das Stilmittel die Botschaft? Fallbeispiele in deutschen Fernsehmagazinen. Rundfunk und Fernsehen, 45, 486–504. Open Google Scholar
- De Swert, Knut & Kuypers, Ine (2020). Ordinary people regularly reported? Looking for patterns in the presence of ordinary citizens in television news in 20 European countries. Journalism Studies, 21, 1037-1054. Open Google Scholar
- Dohle, Marco (2013). Third-Person-Effekt. Baden-Baden: Nomos. Open Google Scholar
- Druckmann, James N. & Kam, Cindy D. (2011). Students as experimental participants: A defense of the “narrow data base”. In Druckmann, James N., Green, Donald P., Kuklinski, James H. & Lupia, Arthur (Hrsg.), Cambridge handbook of experimental political science (S. 41–57). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar
- Edwards, Ward (1986). Conservatism in human information processing. In Kleinmuntz, Benjamin (Hrsg.), Formal representation of human judgment (S. 17–52). New York: Wiley. Open Google Scholar
- Einhorn, Hillel J. & Hogarth, Robin M. (1985). Ambiguity and uncertainty in probabilistic inference. Psychological Review, 92, 433–461. Open Google Scholar
- Einhorn, Hillel J. & Hogarth, Robin M. (1986). Decision making under ambiguity. Journal of Business, 59, S225–S250. Open Google Scholar
- Fagerlin, Angela, Wang, Catharine & Ubel, Peter A. (2005). Reducing the influence of anecdotal reasoning on people’s health care decisions: Is a picture worth a thousand statistics? Medical Decision Making, 25, 398–405. Open Google Scholar
- Fast, Victoria, Müller, Philipp & Scherr, Sebastian (2014). Der kombinierte Einsatz von Daten und Fallbeispielen in den Medien: Wirkung und Glaubwürdigkeit. In Loosen, Wiebke & Dohle, Marco (Hrsg.), Journalismus und (sein) Publikum. Schnittstellen zwischen Journalismusforschung und Rezeptions- und Wirkungsforschung (S. 317-334). Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Open Google Scholar
- Fiske, Susan T. & Taylor, Shelley E. (2013). Social cognition. From brains to culture. London: Sage. Open Google Scholar
- Gan, Su-lin et al. (1996). The Hebron massacre. Selective reports of Jewish reactions, and perceptions of volatility in Israel. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 40, 122–131. Open Google Scholar
- Gerbner, George & Gross, Larry (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communication, 26, 173–199. Open Google Scholar
- Gibson, Rhonda & Zillmann, Dolf (1993). The impact of quotation in news report on issue perception. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 70, 793–800. Open Google Scholar
- Gibson, Rhonda & Zillmann, Dolf (1994). Exaggerated versus representative exemplification in news reports: Perception of issues and personal consequences. Communication Research, 21, 603–624. Open Google Scholar
- Gibson, Rhonda & Zillmann, Dolf (1998). Effects of citation in exemplifying testimony on issue perception. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 75, 167–176. Open Google Scholar
- Gibson, Rhonda & Zillmann, Dolf (2000). Reading between the photographs: The influence of incidential pictorial information on issue perception. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77, 355–366. Open Google Scholar
- Gibson, Rhonda et al. (2011). Quantitative literacy and affective reactivity in processing statistical information and case histories in the news. Media Psychology, 14, 96–120. Open Google Scholar
- Gilovich, Thomas, Griffin, Dale W. & Kahnemann, Daniel (Hrsg.) (2002), Heuristics and biases. The psychology of intuitive judgment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar
- Ginosar, Zvi & Trope, Yaacov (1980). The effects of base rates and individuating informationon judgments about another person. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 228–242. Open Google Scholar
- Griffin, Dale W. et al. (2012). Judgmental heuristics: A historical overview. In Holyoak, Keith J., Morrison, Robert G. & Ammirante, Paolo (Hrsg.), Oxford handbook of thinking and reasoning (S. 322–345). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Open Google Scholar
- Gunther, Albert C. (1998). The persuasive press inference: Effects of mass media on perceived public opinion. Communication Research, 25, 486–504. Open Google Scholar
- Hamill, Ruth, Wilson, Timothy DeCamp, Nisbett, Richard E. (1980). Insensity to sample bias: Generalizing from atypical cases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 578–589. Open Google Scholar
- Hastall, Matthias R. & Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia (2007). Heart versus head in health news selections: Effects of exemplification and thinking styles on selective exposure to health information. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der International Communication Association, San Francisco. Open Google Scholar
- Hastall, Matthias R. & Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia (2011). Severity, efficacy and exemplification in health communication. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der International Communication Association, Boston. Open Google Scholar
- Hastall, Matthias R. & Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia (2013). Severity, efficacy, and evidence type as determinants of health message exposure. Health Communication, 28, 378–388. Open Google Scholar
- Hastie, Reid & Park, Bernadette (1986). The relationship between memory and judgment depends on whether the judgment task is memory-based or on-line. Psychological Review, 93, 258–268. Open Google Scholar
- Hornikx, Jos (2005). A review of the experimental research on the relative persuasiveness of anecdotal, statistic, causal, and expert evidence. Studies in Communication Sciences, 5, 205–216. Open Google Scholar
- Hornikx, Jos (2007). Is anecdotal evidence more persuasive than statistical evidence? A comment on classic cognitive psychological studies. Studies in Communication Sciences, 7, 151–164. Open Google Scholar
- Iyengar, Shanto (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Open Google Scholar
- Iyengar, Shanto & Kinder, Donald R. (1987). News that matters. Television and American opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Open Google Scholar
- Jansen, Carel, Croonen, Marjolein & de Stadler, Leon G. (2005). ‘Take John, for instance’: Effects of exemplars in public information documents on HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Information Design Journal & Document Design, 13, 194–210. Open Google Scholar
- Kahneman, Daniel (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Open Google Scholar
- Kahneman, Daniel & Frederick, Shane (2002). Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgments. In Gilovich, Thomas, Griffin, Dale & Kahneman, Daniel (Hrsg.), Heuristics and biases. The psychology of intuitive judgments (S. 49–81). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar
- Kahneman, Daniel & Tversky, Amos (1973). On the psychology of prediction. Psychological Review, 80, 237–251. Open Google Scholar
- Kahneman, Daniel & Tversky, Amos (1996). On the reality of cognitive illusions. Psychological Review, 103, 582–591. Open Google Scholar
- Kazoleas, Dean C. (1993). A comparison of the persuasive effectiveness of qualitative versus quantitative evidence: A test of explanatory hypotheses. Communication Quarterly, 41, 40–50. Open Google Scholar
- Kim, Hyun Suk et al. (2012). Narrative health communication and behavior change: The influence of exemplars in the news on intention to quit smoking. Journal of Communication, 62, 473–492. Open Google Scholar
- Kleemans, Mariska, Schaap, Gabi & Hermans, Liebseth (2017). Citizen sources in the news: Above and beyond the vox pop? Journalism, 18, 464-481. Open Google Scholar
- Klimmt, Christoph, Pompetzki, Verena & Blake, Christopher (2008). Geschlechterrepräsentation in Nachrichtentexten. Medien und Kommunikationswissenschaft, 56, 3–20. Open Google Scholar
- Knobloch, Silvia & Hastall, Matthias R. (2005). Effects of informational utility and exemplification on selective exposure to health news. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der International Communication Association, New York. Open Google Scholar
- Koch, Thomas, Peter, Christina, & Müller, Philipp (2019). Das Experiment in der Kommunikations-und Medienwissenschaft. Wiesbaden: Springer. Open Google Scholar
- Koehler, Jonathan J. (1996). The base rate fallacy reconsidered: Descriptive, normative, and methodological challenges. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 1–17. Open Google Scholar
- Krämer, Benjamin & Peter, Christina (2020). Exemplification effects: A meta-analysis. Human Communication Research, 46, 192-221. Open Google Scholar
- Krupat, Edward et al. (1997). Generalizing from atypical cases: How general a tendency? Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 19, 345–361. Open Google Scholar
- Lee, Eun-Ju (2010). Effects of readers’ comments on Internet news sites on construction of social reality: The moderating role of need for orientation. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der International Communication Association, Singapur. Open Google Scholar
- Lee, Eun-Ju & Jang, Yoon Jae (2010). What do others’ reactions to news on Internet portal sites tell us? Effects of presentation format and readers’ need for cognition on reality perception. Communication Research, 37, 825–846. Open Google Scholar
- Lefevere, Jonas, De Swert, Knut & Walgrave, Stefaan (2012). Effects of popular exemplars in television news. Communication Research, 39, 103–109. Open Google Scholar
- Lefevere, Jonas, Walgrave, Stefaan & De Swert, Knut (2011). The effect of popular exemplars and expert account base-rate information on perceived public opinion. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der American Political Science Association, Seattle. Open Google Scholar
- Limon, M. Sean & Kazoleas, Dean C. (2004). A comparison of exemplar and statistical evidence in reducing counter-arguments and responses to a message. Communication Research Reports, 21, 291–298. Open Google Scholar
- Manz, Wolfgang (1970). Experiments on probabilistic information processing. Acta Psychologica, 34, 184–200. Open Google Scholar
- Martijn, Carolien et al. (2007). Overcoming ego depletion: The influence of exemplar priming on self-control performance. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 231–238. Open Google Scholar
- Mastro, Dana & Tukachinsky, Riva (2011). The influence of exemplar versus prototype-based media primes on racial/ethnic evaluations. Journal of Communication, 61, 916–937. Open Google Scholar
- Meltzer, Christine, Naab, Thorsten & Daschmann, Gregor (2012). All student samples differ: On participant selection in communication science. Communication Methods and Measures, 6, 251–262. Open Google Scholar
- Möhring, Wiebke & Schlütz, Daniela (2010). Die Befragung in der Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft. Eine praxisorientierte Einführung. Wiesbaden: VS. Open Google Scholar
- Müller, Philipp, Scherr, Sebastian & Fast, Victoria (2013). Der Einfluss wahrgenommener Medienwirkungen auf die Verarbeitung von Fallbeispielen. In Jandura, Olaf, Fahr, Andreas & Brosius, Hans-Bernd (Hrsg.), Theorieanpassungen in der digitalen Medienwelt (S. 141–158). Baden-Baden: Nomos. Open Google Scholar
- Morgan, Michael & Shanahan, James (2010). The state of cultivation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54, 337–355. Open Google Scholar
- Mutz, D. C. (1997). Mechanisms of momentum: Does thinking make it so? Journal of Politics, 59, 104–125. Open Google Scholar
- Nisbett, Richard E. & Ross, Lee (1980). Human inference. Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. Open Google Scholar
- Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth (2001). Die Schweigespirale. Öffentliche Meinung – unsere soziale Haut. München: Langen Müller. Open Google Scholar
- Osborne, Thomas & Rose, Nikolas (1999). Do the social sciences create phenomena? The example of public opinion research. British Journal of Sociology, 50, 367–396. Open Google Scholar
- Ostfeld, Mara & Mutz, Diana (2014). Revisiting the effects of case reports in the news. Political Communication, 31, 53-72 Open Google Scholar
- Paivio, Allen (1971). Imagery and verbal processes. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Open Google Scholar
- Pantti, Mervi & Husslage, Karin (2009). Ordinary people and emotional expression in Dutch public service news. Javnost – The Public, 16, 77-94. Open Google Scholar
- Perry, Stephen D. & Gonzenbach, William J. (1997). Effects of news exemplification extended: Considerations of controversiality and perceived future opinion. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41, 229–244. Open Google Scholar
- Perry, Stephen D. & Gonzenbach, William J. (2000). Inhibiting speech through exemplar distribution: Can we predict a spiral of silence? Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44, 268–281. Open Google Scholar
- Peter, Christina (2013). Quo vadis Fallbeispielforschung? In Jandura, Olaf, Fahr, Andreas & Brosius, Hans-Bernd (Hrsg.), Theorieanpassungen in der digitalen Medienwelt (S. 123–140). Baden-Baden: Nomos. Open Google Scholar
- Peter, Christina (2019). The people’s voice—The people’s choice? How vox pop exemplars shape audience judgments as a function of populist attitudes. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 96, 1004–1024. Open Google Scholar
- Peter, Christina & Brosius, Hans-Bernd (2010). Grenzen der Wirksamkeit von Fallbeispielen? Publizistik, 55, 275–288. Open Google Scholar
- Peter, Christina, Rossmann, Constanze & Keyling, Till (2014). Exemplification 2.0. Journal of Media Psychology, 26, 19-28. Open Google Scholar
- Peter, Christina & Zerback, Thomas (2017). The role of similarity for exemplification effects. Studies in Communication | Media, 6, 71-80. Open Google Scholar
- Peter, Christina & Zerback, Thomas (2020). Ordinary citizens in the news: A conceptual framework. Journalism Studies, 21, 1003-1016. Open Google Scholar
- Peterson, Robert A. (2001). On the use of college students in social science research: Insights from a second-order meta-analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 28, 450–461. Open Google Scholar
- Petty, Richard E., & Cacioppo, John T. (1986). Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. New York: Springer. Open Google Scholar
- Ramasubramanian, Srividya (2011). The impact of stereotypical versus counterstereotypical media exemplars on racial attitudes, causal attributions, and support for affirmative action. Communication Research, 38, 497–516. Open Google Scholar
- Reinard, John C. (1988). The empirical study of the persuasive effects of evidence. The status after fifty years of research. Human Communication Research, 15, 3–59. Open Google Scholar
- Rosenthal, Robert (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 638–641. Open Google Scholar
- Rossmann, Constanze & Pfister, Tanja (2008). Zum Einfluss von Fallbeispielen und furchterregenden Bildern auf die Wirksamkeit von Gesundheitsflyern zum Thema Adipositas. Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft, 56, 368–391. Open Google Scholar
- Schmierbach, Mika, Xu, Qian & Boyle, Michael P. (2012). The role of exemplification in shaping third-person perceptions and support for restrictions on video games. Mass Communication and Society, 15, 672–694. Open Google Scholar
- Schramm, Holger (2002). Interview with Dean Emeritus Dolf Zillmann, College of Communication & Information Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, on occasion of his recent retirement. Zeitschrift für Medienpsychologie, 14, 90–92. Open Google Scholar
- Schwarz, Norbert, & Clore, Gerald L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 513–523. Open Google Scholar
- Schwarz, Norbert et al. (1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 195–202. Open Google Scholar
- Sears, David O. (1986). College sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology’s view of human nature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 515–530. Open Google Scholar
- Slater, Michael D. & Rouner, Donna (1996). Value-affirmative and value-protective processing of alcohol education messages that include statistical evidence or anecdotes. Communication Research, 23, 210–235. Open Google Scholar
- Springer, Sheila A. & Harwood, Jake (2015). The influence of episodic and thematic frames on policy and group attitudes: Mediational analysis. Human Communication Research, 41, 226–244 Open Google Scholar
- Taylor, Shelley E. & Thompson, Suzanne C. (1982). Stalking the “elusive” vividness effect. Psychological Review, 89, 155–181. Open Google Scholar
- Taylor, Shelley E. & Wood, Joanne V. (1983). The vividness effect: Making a mountain out of a molehill? Advances in Consumer Research, 10, 540–542. Open Google Scholar
- Textor, Mark (2008). Samples as symbols. Ratio, 21, 344–359. Open Google Scholar
- Thorbjørnsrud, Kjersti & Ytreberg, Espen (2020). A human interest economy: The strategic value of turning ordinary people into exemplars in the news media. Journalism Studies, 21, 1093-1108. Open Google Scholar
- Tran, Hai (2013). Exemplification effects of multimedia enhancements. Media Psychology, 15, 396–419. Open Google Scholar
- Tukachinsky, Riva, Mastro, Dana & King, Aimee (2011). Is a picture worth a thousand words? The effect of race-related visual and verbal exemplars on attitudes and support for social policies. Mass Communication and Society, 14, 720–742. Open Google Scholar
- Tversky, Amos & Kahneman, Daniel (1971). Belief in the law of small numbers. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 105–110. Open Google Scholar
- Tversky, Amos & Kahneman, Daniel (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5, 207–232. Open Google Scholar
- Vallone, Robert, Ross, Lee & Lepper, Mark R. (1985). The hostile media phenomenon: Biased perception and perceptions of media bias in coverage of the Beirut massacre. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 577–585. Open Google Scholar
- Weaver, Dustin A. (2009). Exemplification in newspapers: A content analysis and case studies. Masterarbeit, Ohio University. Open Google Scholar
- Welsh, Matthew B. & Navarro, Daniel B. (2012). Seeing is believing: Priors, trust, and base rate neglect. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 119, 1–14. Open Google Scholar
- Westermann, David, Spence, Partic R. & Lachlan, Kenneth A. (2009). Telepresence and exemplification effects of disaster news. Communication Studies, 60, 542–557. Open Google Scholar
- Westermann, David, Spence, Partic R. & Lachlan, Kenneth A. (2012). Telepresence and exemplification: Does spatial presence impact sleeper effects? Communication Research Reports, 29, 299–309. Open Google Scholar
- Wheatley, Dawn (2020) Victims and voices: Journalistic sourcing practices and the use of private citizens in online healthcare-system news. Journalism Studies, 21, 1017-1036. Open Google Scholar
- Winterbottom, Anna et al. (2008). Does narrative information bias individual’s decision making? A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 67, 2079–2088. Open Google Scholar
- Worrell, Tracy & Tamborini, Ron (2009). The TV made me do it: The impact of exemplars and base-rates on behavioral intentions. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der National Communication Association, Chicago. Open Google Scholar
- Yu, Nan et al. (2010). Communicating the risks of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Health Communication, 25, 692–699. Open Google Scholar
- Zerback, Thomas, Koch, Thomas & Krämer, Benjamin (2013). Thinking of others: Effects of implicit and explicit media cues on climate of opinion perceptions. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der International Association for Media and Communication Research, Dublin. Open Google Scholar
- Zerback, Thomas & Peter, Christina (2018). Exemplar effects on public opinion perception and attitudes: The moderating role of exemplar involvement. Human Communication Research, 44, 176-196. Open Google Scholar
- Ziegele, Marc & Weber, Mathias (2013). Example, please! Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der International Communication Association, London. Open Google Scholar
- Zillmann, Dolf (1988). Mood management through communication choices. American Behavioral Scientist, 31, 327–340. Open Google Scholar
- Zillmann, Dolf (1994). Mechanisms of emotional involvement with drama. Poetics, 23, 33–51. Open Google Scholar
- Zillmann, Dolf (1999). Exemplification theory: Judging the whole by some of its parts. Media Psychology, 1, 69–94. Open Google Scholar
- Zillmann, Dolf (2006). Exemplification effects in the promotion of safety and health. Journal of Communication, 56, Issue Supplement s1, 221–237. Open Google Scholar
- Zillmann, Dolf & Brosius, Hans-Bernd (2000). Exemplification in communication: The influence of case reports on the perception of issues. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum. Open Google Scholar
- Zillmann, Dolf, Callison, Coy & Gibson, Rhonda (2009). Quantitative media literacy: Individual differences in dealing with numbers in the news. Media Psychology, 12, 494–416. Open Google Scholar
- Zillmann, Dolf, Gibson, Rhonda & Sargent, Stephanie L. (1999). Effects of photographs in news-magazine reports on issue perception. Media Psychology, 1, 207–228. Open Google Scholar
- Zillmann, Dolf et al. (1992). Impression-formation effects of printed news varying in descriptive precision and exemplification. Medienpsychologie, 4, 168–185. Open Google Scholar
- Zillmann, Dolf et al. (1996). Effects of exemplifications in news reports on the perception of social issues. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 73, 427–444. Open Google Scholar
- Zukier, Henri & Pepitone, Albert (1984). Social roles and strategies in prediction: Some determinants of the use of base-rate information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 349–360. Open Google Scholar





