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Violations of Personality Rights through the Internet: Jurisdictional Issues under European Law

Authors:
Publisher:
 2016

Summary

Das Buch untersucht die Zuständigkeitsfragen in Bezug auf Persönlichkeitsrechtsverletzungen im Internet unter dem sogenannten ‚Brüssel-Lugano-Regime‘ mit Fokus auf dem besonderen Gerichtsstand der unerlaubten Handlung. Es zeigt die Zielsetzungen und tragenden Grundsätze dieser besonderen Zuständigkeitsregel auf, analysiert ihre Auslegung durch die Urteile des EuGH (insb. Bier, Shevill sowie eDate u. Martinez) und stellt den in der Literatur und Rechtsprechung geäußerten Meinungsstand bezüglich ihrer Anwendung zur Lokalisierung von Online-Persönlichkeitsrechtsverletzungen vor.

Die Autorin verfolgt damit zwei Ziele: Sie prüft inwieweit die im Urteil eDate und Martinez entwickelten Anknüpfungskriterien die Grundsätze einer geordneten Rechtspflege, der Vorhersehbarkeit und der Prozessgerechtigkeit fördern. Zudem ermittelt sie, ob diese Kriterien in einem zunehmend vernetzten Europa angemessen sind. Sie kommt zu dem Schluss, dass dies beides nicht der Fall ist und stellt einen Reformvorschlag vor.

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2016
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-2726-1
ISBN-Online
978-3-8452-7070-8
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
Schriften des Europa-Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes - Rechtswissenschaft
Volume
101
Language
English
Pages
382
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access 1 - 17
  2. List of Abbreviations No access 19 - 26
  3. Introduction: International jurisdiction of courts in the digital age - A bird’s eye view No access 27 - 36
    1. A. Common understanding of basic concepts No access
      1. I. Hungarian law No access
      2. II. German law No access
      3. III. French law No access
      4. IV. English law No access
      5. V. Differences in the national legal landscape No access
    1. A. Geographical independence No access
        1. 1. Weaknesses in technology No access
        2. 2. Evasion of geolocation tools No access
        3. 3. Additional considerations No access
    3. C. Actors in the digital world No access
    4. D. The Internet vis-à-vis the traditional media, especially the press No access
      1. I. The Brussels Regime No access
      2. II. The Lugano Regime No access
      3. III. The Brussels-Lugano Regime in Hungary No access
        1. 1. The Draft Regional Convention between the Western Balkan countries No access
        2. 2. The Judgments Project No access
        1. 1. The principle of equality and uniformity of rights and obligations No access
        2. 2. Legal certainty as to the scope of the Brussels-Lugano Regime No access
        3. 3. Avoiding multiplication of courts and fragmentation of proceedings No access
        4. 4. The extent of national courts’ duties to examine jurisdiction No access
        1. 1. The principles of sound administration of justice and proximity No access
        2. 2. The principle that parallel proceedings should be avoided No access
        3. 3. The principle of party autonomy No access
        4. 4. The principle of protection of the weaker party No access
      3. III. Jurisdictional principles as bases for the liberal recognition and enforcement of judgments No access
        1. 1. Determination of domicile No access
        2. 2. A supplement to domicile: the last known domicile No access
      2. II. Article 5: Alternative grounds of jurisdiction No access
      3. III. Article 6: (Inter)nationalism v eurocentrism No access
      1. I. Article 4(1): Defendant’s domicile No access
        1. 1. Violation of trade marks No access
        2. 2. Violation of copyright No access
        3. 3. Co-perpetrators No access
      3. III. Article 7(3): Criminal offence No access
      4. IV. Article 7(5): Operation of a secondary establishment No access
      5. V. Article 8(1): More than one defendant No access
      6. VI. Article 25: Choice of court agreements No access
      7. VII. Article 26: Uncontested voluntary submission No access
    1. A. Matters relating to tort, delict, or quasi-delict No access
          1. a) Peter Mankowski: lex cause No access
          2. b) Sebastian Kubis: imputation and procedural valuations No access
          3. c) Isabel Roth: procedural valuations No access
          4. d) Peter Kaye: the original act No access
          5. e) The present author’s view: the original act with particular regard to procedural principles No access
        2. 2. The place where the damage occurred No access
      2. II. The place where the harmful event may occur No access
      3. III. Subsequent disappearance of the harmful event: perpetuatio fori within Art 7(2) No access
    3. C. Participation in the role of the plaintiff and the defendant No access
      1. I. Factual and procedural background No access
      2. II. The questions referred No access
      3. III. The judgment of the ECJ No access
        1. 1. The publisher’s establishment in the chain of successive acts No access
        2. 2. The publisher’s establishment as the place of domicile No access
          1. a) Distribution to the retailers No access
          2. b) Distribution to the readers No access
        2. 2. The concept of injury to reputation No access
        3. 3. Connection between the concepts of distribution and injury to reputation No access
        1. 1. Assessment of the defamation committed No access
        2. 2. Determination of the extent of non-pecuniary harm No access
        1. 1. The wording of Art 7(2): is the limited extent of jurisdiction covered? No access
        2. 2. The wording of Shevill: is local jurisdiction covered? No access
          1. a) Equal treatment No access
          2. b) Optional character No access
          3. c) Causality and connectivity No access
          1. a) In general: libel tourism in the Brussels-Lugano States No access
          2. b) In particular: libel tourism in the wake of Shevill No access
        5. 5. Procedural economy No access
        6. 6. Interpretation in the light of the fundamental rights No access
          1. a) Do parallel mosaic procedures involve the same dispute? No access
          2. b) Are the mosaic actions related? No access
          3. c) An adjunct problem: courts with different extents of jurisdiction No access
        8. 8. Rules on the recognition and enforcement of judgments No access
    4. Conclusion and summary No access
    5. D. Shevill and its impacts No access
        1. 1. The place of the publisher’s establishment à la Shevill No access
        2. 2. The place where the web server, to which the content was uploaded, is located No access
        3. 3. The place where the content was uploaded No access
        4. 4. Isabel Roth: three places under a rebuttable rule of presumption No access
          1. a) Accessibility of the online content No access
          2. b) Actual access of the online content No access
          3. c) An adjunct question: the use of geolocation tools No access
          1. a) The targeting test à la Pammer and Hotel Alpenhof No access
            1. aa) AG Cruz Villalón: the centre of gravity of the dispute No access
            2. bb) Isabel Roth: a qualified domestic connection No access
            3. cc) Michel Reymond: an objective targeting requirement No access
          3. c) An adjunct question: the target of the test No access
        3. 3. The victim’s forum No access
        4. 4. The draft Hague Judgments Convention: the place of the injury with special emphasis on the injured person’s habitual residence No access
      1. I. Sebastian Kubis: the place of uploading and the victim’s domicile at the place of distribution No access
      2. II. Marc Leonhard: accessibility and domicile or certain degree of reputation together with proximity No access
        1. IV. Andrew Dickinson: the place of the causal event No access
      1. I. European Publishers Council: removing the media from Art 5(3) of Brussels I No access
      2. II. Christopher Kuner: a flexible rule with the possibility of declining jurisdiction No access
        1. 1. eDate Advertising No access
        2. 2. Martinez and Martinez No access
        3. 3. Factual differences No access
      2. II. The questions referred No access
      3. III. The judgment of the ECJ No access
      1. I. The place of the causal event at the publisher’s establishment is confirmed No access
      2. Conclusion and summary No access
            1. aa) The targeting test No access
            2. bb) The actual access approach No access
            3. cc) Two adjunct questions: blocking measures and redistribution No access
          2. b) Reason no 2: serious nature of the harm No access
            1. aa) Forum actoris and actor sequitur forum rei: opposition or justified parallelism? No access
          4. d) Justification no 1: sound administration of justice No access
          5. e) Justification no 2: predictability No access
        2. 2. Revision no 2: the concept of accessibility No access
        3. Conclusion and summary No access
          1. a) Assessment of online violations of personality rights committed No access
          2. b) Measures for (potential) violations of personality rights No access
          1. a) Further depriving the twin criteria of their inherent natures No access
          2. b) Libel tourism eased but to a certain extent minimised No access
          3. c) Even more certain application of rules of lis pendens and grounds for refusal No access
        3. Conclusion and summary No access
      2. II. Unlimited extent of jurisdiction: a choice between the Brussels-Lugano States-wide and the worldwide harm No access
      3. Conclusion and summary No access
      1. I. Is there a need for technology neutrality? No access
        1. 1. Individuals as online actors No access
        2. 2. Legal persons as victims No access
      3. Conclusion and summary No access
        1. 1. Guaranteeing equality and uniformity of the rights and obligations No access
        2. 2. Avoiding multiplication of courts and fragmentation of proceedings No access
        3. 3. Identifying jurisdiction in a rapid and certain way No access
        1. 1. Consistency with the principles of sound administration of justice and proximity No access
        2. 2. Supporting that the entire dispute is decided before a single forum No access
      3. III. Fostering mutual recognition of judgments No access
      4. IV. Strengthening the legal protection of persons established in the Brussels-Lugano States No access
    2. B. Virtues serving practical purposes No access
  12. Conclusions: International jurisdiction of European courts in the digital age - An insight view No access 313 - 318
    1. Books, Book Chapters, Articles, Blog Entries and Studies No access
    2. List of Websites No access
    3. List of Other Materials No access
    1. Argentina No access
    2. Australia No access
    3. Austria No access
    4. Brazil No access
    5. Canada No access
      1. European Court of Justice (Alphabetical) No access
      2. Opinions of Advocates General (Alphabetical) No access
      3. Requests for a preliminary ruling (Alphabetical) No access
      4. Other materials No access
    7. European Court of Human Rights No access
    8. France No access
    9. Germany No access
    10. Greece No access
    11. Hungary No access
    12. Ireland No access
    13. Norway No access
    14. Sweden No access
    15. Switzerland No access
    16. United Kingdom: England and Wales / Scotland No access
    17. United States of America No access
      1. Treaties No access
      2. Regulations No access
      3. Directives No access
      4. Council Decisions and Other Documents No access
    2. France No access
    3. Germany No access
    4. Hungary No access
    5. United Kingdom No access
    6. United States of America No access
  16. Table of International Treaties, Conventions and Other Documents No access 369 - 370
  17. Table of Documents of the Hague Conference on Private International Law No access 371 - 372
    1. Explanatory Memoranda to Regulation Proposals No access
    1. Appendix 1: Traceroute: Saarbrücken – Hungary – Saarbrücken* No access
    2. Appendix 2: Selected social media traffic No access
    3. Appendix 3: Correlation Table* No access

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