Franco-German Armaments Collaboration

Dr. Sören Sommer LL.M.

doi:10.5771/9783748944881

Summary

In view of the current geopolitical threat environment, enhanced Franco-German and European armaments cooperation is urgently required. This thesis shows that neither the bilateral Franco-German nor the European legal frameworks are sufficiently reliable to ensure the consistent realisation of joint armaments projects. Furthermore, it demonstrates the obstacles when it comes to enhancing the legal framework as well as starting points for the necessary further development.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2024
ISBN-Print: 978-3-7560-1825-3
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-4488-1
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Völkerrecht und Außenpolitik
Volume: 95
Language: English
Pages: 324
Product type: Book Titles

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 20
1. 1.1. Research Questions and Objectives No access
2. 1.2. “Reliability” as an Analytical Tool No access
3. 1.3. Research Methods and Approach No access
4. 1.4. State of the Art and Relevance No access
1. 1. 1. 2.1.1.1. The Belated Launch of the CSDP No access
    2. 2.1.1.2. The Introduction of European Armaments Cooperation to CSDP No access
    3. 2.1.1.3. European Defence and Armaments Integration after Lisbon No access
    4. 2.1.1.4. Intermediate Conclusions – European defence integration as an ongoing process No access
  2. 1. 2.1.2.1. Launching Franco-German Armaments Collaboration No access
    2. 2.1.2.2. Diverging National Interests and Strategic Cultures No access
    3. 2.1.2.3. Diverging Positions on Armaments Exports impeding Franco-German Armaments Collaboration in the past No access
    4. 2.1.2.4. Intermediate Conclusions – no collaboration without exports No access
2. 1. 1. 2.2.1.1. A New Impetus for CSDP No access
    2. 2.2.1.2. Europe’s Capability Gap No access
    3. 2.2.1.3. The Necessity and Challenges of European Armaments Cooperation No access
    4. 2.2.1.4. Armaments and the Single Market No access
    5. 2.2.1.5. Intermediate Conclusions – European defence and armaments integration in 2023 No access
  2. 1. 2.2.2.1. Relaunching Franco-German Armaments Collaboration No access
    2. 2.2.2.2. Necessities for Armaments Cooperation No access
    3. 2.2.2.3. Continuing Divergence and Challenges No access
    4. 2.2.2.4. The Continuous Contentious Issue of Armaments Exports No access
    5. 2.2.2.5. Need for Convergence of Armaments Export Policies No access
    6. 2.2.2.6. Intermediate Conclusions – need for legal reliability to ensure successful collaboration No access
1. 1. 3.1.1. Foundations of Franco-German Armaments Collaboration – the Elysée Treaty No access
  2. 1. 3.1.2.1. Enabling Collaboration – non-veto of armaments exports No access
    2. 3.1.2.2. Non-Veto Principle – from application to non-application No access
    3. 3.1.2.3. Shortcomings and Germany’s Non-Compliance No access
    4. 3.1.2.4. Intermediate Conclusions – no successful armaments collaboration without reliable rules for armaments exports No access
  3. 3.1.4. Let’s try again – the Aachen Treaty No access
  4. 1. 3.1.5.1. Enabling Collaboration once more and another Non-Veto Principle No access
    2. 3.1.5.2. Legal Status, Validity, and Reliability No access
    3. 1. 3.1.5.3.1. The Non-Veto Principle – unconstitutional? No access
      2. 3.1.5.3.2. The NFGAAE’s Constitutionality No access
      3. 3.1.5.3.3. The NFGAAE – an ATT violation? No access
      4. 3.1.5.3.4. The NFGAAE – a violation of the EU’s Common Position? No access
      5. 3.1.5.3.5. Further Thoughts No access
    4. 3.1.5.4. The French Perspective No access
    5. 3.1.5.5. Lasting Unreliabilities No access
  5. 3.1.6. Intermediate Conclusions – need for a different approach No access
2. 1. 1. 1. 3.2.1.1.1. Context and Need for deeper Defence Integration No access
      2. 3.2.1.1.2. Political Notions of EDU No access
      3. 3.2.1.1.3. EDU and Common Defence (Art. 42(2) TEU) No access
      4. 3.2.1.1.4. EDU and the Central Role of Armaments Cooperation No access
      5. 3.2.1.1.5. Assessment and Outlook – many open questions No access
    2. 1. 3.2.1.2.1. European Capability Development – ECAP and EDA (Arts. 42(3), 45 TEU) No access
      2. 3.2.1.2.2. EDA’s Shortcomings – lack of reliable capability development No access
      3. 3.2.1.2.3. PESCO (Art. 46 TEU) – a framework for more reliable capability development? No access
      4. 3.2.1.2.4. EDA-PESCO Relationship No access
      5. 3.2.1.2.5. PESCO’s Enforcement System No access
      6. 3.2.1.2.6. Assessment and Outlook – high potentials No access
    3. 1. 3.2.1.3.1. Towards a genuine European Market for Defence Equipment? No access
      2. 3.2.1.3.2. The Armaments Exception (Art. 346(1)(b) TFEU) No access
      3. 3.2.1.3.3. EDEM Regulation No access
      4. 3.2.1.3.4. The Transfer Directive – lacking effects No access
      5. 3.2.1.3.5. The Procurement Directive – also lacking effects No access
      6. 3.2.1.3.6. The European Defence Fund – the start of supranational capability development? No access
      7. 3.2.1.3.7. Assessment and Outlook – incomplete EDEM No access
    4. 1. 3.2.1.4.1. The EU’s Common Position on Armaments Exports – substantial convergence? No access
      2. 3.2.1.4.2. The Dual-Use Regulation – a starting point for EU-wide armaments export harmonisation? No access
      3. 3.2.1.4.3. Addendum No access
      4. 3.2.1.4.4. Assessment and Outlook – incomplete harmonisation No access
    5. 3.2.2.1. Legal Change – a question of competence (Arts. 5(1), (2) TEU, 352 TFEU) No access
    6. 3.2.2.2. Legal Change by Treaty Revision (Art. 48 TEU) No access
    7. 3.2.2.3. Changing the Armaments Exception Provision (Art. 346(1)(b) TFEU) No access
    8. 3.2.2.4. Transferring Multilateral Armaments Cooperation into EU Frameworks No access
    9. 3.2.2.5. Harmonising Armaments Exports – the “gretchenfrage” No access
  2. 3.2.3. Europeanising Franco-German Armaments Collaboration? No access
3. 1. 1. 3.3.1.1. OCCAR No access
    2. 3.3.1.2. LoI No access
    3. 3.3.1.3. Integrating OCCAR and LoI into EDA? No access
  2. 1. 3.3.2.1. Franco-German Agreements and EU Law Links No access
    2. 3.3.2.2. Enhanced Cooperation (Art. 20 TEU) No access
    3. 3.3.2.3. Unlawful Enhanced Franco-German Armaments Cooperation? No access
  3. 3.3.3. A Future for Multilateral European Armaments Cooperation? No access
4. Conclusion and Outlook – The Future of Franco-German Armaments Collaboration in the context of the European Defence Policy No access Pages 287 - 298
List of Cases No access Pages 299 - 300
Bibliography No access Pages 301 - 324