International Trade Mark and Signs Protection

Paul Lange

doi:10.5771/9783845266404

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2010
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-2493-2
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-6640-4
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 1288
Product type: Comment

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages I - LVI
1. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Variety names No access
  2. . Statutory regulations and their interrelationship No access Pages 8 - 9
  3. 1. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Word marks No access
        Combined marks (word and logo) No access
        Figurative marks No access
        Three-dimensional marks No access
        Letter marks No access
        Numeral marks No access
        Colour marks No access
        Sound marks and others No access
        Need to preserve availability No access
        Common parlance No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Survey No access
        Ways of use No access
        Use in a modified form No access
        Extent and place of use No access
        Period for use No access
        Proper reasons for non-use No access
        Consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for foreign trade marks No access
    2. 1. Name No access
        Company name No access
        Particular business name No access
        Presentation No access
      2. Name No access
        Company name No access
        Particular business name No access
        Presentation No access
      3. Use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for foreign corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
  4. 1. 1. Proprietorship No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licence No access
    2. 1. Proprietorship No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licence No access
    3. 1. Proprietorship No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licence No access
    4. 1. Proprietorship No access
      2. Transfer and licence No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
  5. 1. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Absolute grounds of invalidity No access
      3. Bad faith No access
      4. Other reasons No access
    2. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Other reasons for invalidity No access
    3. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Other reasons for invalidity No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Names No access
  6. 1. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate sign No access
      3. Other later trade marks and other later rights No access
    2. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate sign No access
      3. Other later trade marks and other later rights No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier geographical indication No access
    6. Earlier name No access
  7. 1. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection of identity No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Phonetical and visual similarity No access
        Conceptual similarity No access
        Similarity of goods/services No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known trade-marks No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    2. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection of identity No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Similarity of signs No access
        Common field of activity No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known corporate designations No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
  8. 1. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate signs No access
    2. Name, address, and descriptive information No access
    3. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate signs No access
    4. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate signs No access
    5. Statute of limitation No access
    6. Abuse of law No access
    7. Contradictory earlier right No access
    8. 1. Other defences No access
  9. 1. Injunction No access
    2. Damages No access
    3. 1. Disclosure and accounting search No access
      2. Cancellation No access
      3. Elimination No access
      4. Seizure at the border No access
    4. Transposition of Community law No access
  10. 1. Ordinary proceedings before the court No access
    2. Interim relief No access
    3. 1. Opposition proceedings No access
      2. Cancellation proceedings No access
    4. Criminal offences No access
  11. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company formation No access
    4. List of abbreviations No access
2. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  2. . Statutory regulations and their interrelationship No access Pages 90 - 91
  3. 1. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Capability of distinction No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Survey No access
        Ways of use No access
        Used in a modified form No access
        Extent and place of use No access
        Period for use No access
        Proper reasons for non-use No access
        Consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for trade marks registered abroad No access
    2. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Inherent distinctive character No access
        Reputation No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for foreign corporate designations No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  4. 1. Trade marks No access
    2. Corporate signs No access
    3. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer and licensing No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment No access
      3. Licensing No access
  5. 1. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Absolute grounds of invalidity No access
      3. Bad faith No access
      4. Other reasons No access
    2. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Reasons for invalidity No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  6. 1. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate designation No access
      3. Later other signs and later other rights No access
    2. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate sign No access
      3. Other later signs and rights No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier geographical indication No access
    6. Earlier name No access
    7. Other earlier rights No access
  7. 1. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical marks/goods No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Similarity of marks No access
        Similarity of goods/service No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known trademarks No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    2. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical corporate designations No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Similarity of corporate signs No access
        Common field of activity No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known corporate designations No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other rights No access
  8. 1. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
    2. Name, address and descriptive information No access
    3. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
    4. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs and rights No access
    5. Statute of limitation No access
    6. Abuse of law No access
    7. Contradictory earlier right No access
    8. 1. Other defences No access
  9. 1. Injunction No access
    2. Damages No access
    3. 1. Disclosure and accounting search orders No access
      2. Cancellation No access
      3. Seize orders No access
      4. Seizure at the border No access
  10. 1. Ordinary proceedings before the court No access
    2. Interim relief No access
    3. 1. Opposition proceedings No access
      2. Cancellation proceedings No access
    4. Criminal offences No access
  11. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company formation No access
3. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  2. . Statutory regulations and their interrelationship No access Pages 135 - 135
  3. 1. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Word marks No access
        Combined word and device marks No access
        Device marks No access
        Three-dimensional marks No access
        Letter marks No access
        Numeral marks No access
        Colour marks No access
        Sound and other marks No access
        Possibility to serve in trade as a descriptive designation No access
        Generic signs No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
      3. Survey No access
        Ways of use No access
        Use in a modified form No access
        Extent and place of use No access
        Period for use No access
        Proper reasons for non-use No access
        Consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for trade marks registered abroad No access
    2. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Inherent distinctive character No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for foreign corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Substantive requirements No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  4. 1. Trade marks No access
    2. Corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  5. 1. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Absolute grounds of invalidity No access
      3. Bad faith No access
      4. Other reasons No access
    2. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Reasons for invalidity No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  6. 1. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate designation No access
      3. Later other signs and later other right No access
    2. 1. Later trade-mark No access
      2. Later corporate designation No access
      3. Later other signs and later other right No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier geographical indication No access
    6. Earlier name No access
    7. Earlier other rights No access
  7. 1. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical marks/goods No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Phonetical similarity No access
        Visual similarity No access
        Conceptual similarity No access
        Similarity between goods/service No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
      4. Protection of well-known trade-marks No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    2. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical corporate designations No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Similarity of corporate signs No access
        Common field of activity No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known corporate signs No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical titles No access
      3. Protection against likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Scope of protection of other rights No access
  8. 1. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Others signs No access
    2. Name, address and descriptive information No access
    3. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
    4. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Others signs and rights No access
    5. Prescriptions under the Statutes of Limitations No access
    6. Abuse of law No access
    7. Contradictory earlier right No access
    8. 1. Other defences No access
  9. 1. Injunction No access
    2. Damages No access
    3. 1. Disclosure and accounting search orders No access
      2. Cancellation No access
      3. Seize orders No access
      4. Seizure at the border No access
  10. 1. Ordinary proceedings before the court No access
    2. Interim relief No access
    3. 1. Opposition proceedings No access
      2. Cancellation proceedings No access
    4. Criminal offences No access
  11. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company information No access
    4. List of abbreviations No access
4. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  2. . Statutory regulations and their interrelationship No access Pages 205 - 208
  3. 1. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Word marks No access
        Device marks No access
        Combined word and device marks No access
        Three-dimensional marks No access
        Letter marks No access
        Numeral marks No access
        Colour marks No access
        Sound and other marks No access
        Possibility to serve in trade as a descriptive designation No access
        Generic signs No access
        Distinctice character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Survey No access
        Ways of use No access
        Use in a modified form No access
        Extent and place of use No access
        Period for use No access
        Proper reasons for non-use No access
        Consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for trade marks registered abroad No access
    2. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Distinctive character No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for foreign corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  4. 1. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licensing No access
    2. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licensing No access
    3. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licensing No access
    4. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment No access
      3. Licensing No access
    5. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licensing No access
    6. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licensing No access
    7. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment No access
      3. Licensing No access
  5. 1. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Absolute grounds of invalidity No access
      3. Bad faith No access
      4. Other reasons No access
    2. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Reasons for invalidity No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  6. 1. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate designation No access
      3. Later other signs and later other right No access
    2. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later trade name No access
      3. Later other signs and later other right No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier geographical indication No access
    6. Earlier name No access
    7. Earlier other rights No access
  7. 1. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical marks/goods No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Phonetical similarity No access
        Similarity of word marks No access
        Similarity of device trade marks No access
        Similarity of combined trade marks No access
        Conceptual similarity No access
        Similarity between goods/service No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known trade marks No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    2. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical trade names No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Similarity of trade names No access
        Common field of activity No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known trade names No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  8. 1. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Trade names No access
      3. Others signs No access
    2. Name, address and descriptive information No access
    3. Exhaustion No access
    4. Acquiescence No access
    5. Statute of limitation No access
    6. Abuse of law No access
    7. Contradictory earlier right No access
    8. 1. Other defences No access
  9. 1. Injunction No access
    2. Damages No access
    3. 1. Disclosure and accounting search orders No access
      2. Cancellation No access
      3. Seize orders No access
      4. Seizure at the border No access
  10. 1. Ordinary proceedings before the court No access
    2. Interim relief No access
    3. 1. Opposition proceedings No access
      2. Cancellation proceedings No access
    4. Criminal offences No access
  11. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company formation No access
    4. Table of legislation No access
5. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  2. . Statutory regulations and their interrelationship No access Pages 273 - 274
  3. 1. 1. Formal Requirements No access
      2. Substantive Requirements No access
      3. Genuine use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection of trade marks registered abroad No access
    2. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Inherent distinctive character No access
        Distinctive character followong use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Piority date No access
      5. Protection for foreign corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Substantive requirements No access
    5. 1. National laws No access
      2. Council Regulation (EC) No 510/06 No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  4. 1. Trade marks No access
    2. Corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  5. 1. Trade marks No access
    2. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Reason for invalidity No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  6. 1. Earlier trade mark No access
    2. Earlier corporate sign No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier geographical indication No access
    6. Earlier name No access
    7. Other earlier right No access
  7. . Scope of protection No access Pages 298 - 298
  8. 1. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
    2. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
    3. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
    4. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs and rights No access
    5. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
    6. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
    7. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
    8. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
      4. Other defences No access
      5. Trade marks No access
      6. Corporate designations No access
      7. Other signs No access
  9. . Claims in the case of infringement No access Pages 306 - 307
  10. 1. Ordinary proceedings before the court No access
    2. Interim relief No access
    3. 1. Opposition proceedings No access
      2. Cancellation proceedings No access
    4. Criminal offences No access
  11. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company formation No access
    4. Table of statutes No access
6. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  2. . Statutory regulations and their interrelationship No access Pages 334 - 335
  3. 1. 1. The application for registration No access
        Observations No access
        The opposition No access
        The registration No access
        The renewal No access
        Well-known trademarks No access
      2. Graphical representation No access
        Statutory regulations No access
        Content No access
        Words and combination of words No access
        Surname No access
        Pseudonyms No access
        Geographical names No access
        Letters, numerals and abbreviations No access
        Combined word and device marks No access
        Device marks No access
        Three-dimensional marks No access
        Colour marks No access
        Sound marks No access
        Olfactory marks No access
        Article 6 ter of the Paris Convention No access
        Public policy No access
        Deception No access
        Prior rights due to a trade mark No access
        Prior rights resulting from a company name No access
        Prior rights resulting from a trade name or a shop sign No access
        Prior rights resulting from an appellation of origin No access
        Prior rights resulting from copyright No access
        Prior rights resulting from a personality right No access
        Prior rights resulting from the name and image of a local authority No access
        Other possible prior rights No access
      3. Survey No access
        Ways of use No access
        Use in a modified form No access
        Extent and place of use No access
        Period for use No access
        Proper reasons for non-use No access
        Consequences of unjustified non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. The protection for foreign trade marks No access
    2. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Substantive requirements No access
      3. Use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Protection for foreign corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. 1. The national regulation No access
      2. The Community regulation No access
  4. 1. 1. Transfer No access
      2. Licensing No access
    2. Corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
  5. 1. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Dilution No access
      3. Deception No access
      4. Bad faith No access
      5. Absolute grounds of invalidity No access
    2. Corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Geographical indications No access
  6. 1. Earlier trade mark No access
    2. Earlier corporate sign No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier geographical indication No access
    6. Other earlier rights No access
  7. 1. 1. Reproduction of the identical sign No access
        Protection against identical products No access
        Protection against similar goods No access
        Phonetical similarity No access
        Visual similarity No access
        Conceptual or intellectual similarity No access
        Likelihood of confusion No access
        Protection of the well-known nature of a trademark No access
        Use of one’s own name No access
      2. Other criminal acts No access
    2. Corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
  8. 1. Non-use, dilution, deception No access
    2. Name, address and descriptive information No access
    3. Exhaustion No access
    4. Acquiescence No access
    5. Statute of limitation No access
    6. Abuse of law No access
    7. Other defences No access
  9. 1. Injunction No access
    2. Damages No access
    3. 1. Cancellation No access
      2. Fines and imprisonment No access
      3. Publication and other supplementary measures No access
  10. 1. 1. Seize orders No access
      2. Seizure at the border No access
    2. Ordinary proceedings before the court No access
    3. Interim relief No access
  11. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company formation No access
7. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  2. . Statutory regulations and their interrelationship No access Pages 446 - 446
  3. 1. 1. Formal Requirements No access
      2. Word marks No access
        Figurative and word marks No access
        Figurative marks No access
        Three-dimensional marks No access
        Letter marks No access
        Numeral marks No access
        Colour marks No access
        Sound marks etc No access
        Need to keep free No access
        Common parlance No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Survey No access
        Ways of use No access
        Use in a modified form No access
        Extent and place of use No access
        Period for use No access
        Proper reasons for non-use No access
        Consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection of foreign trademarks No access
    2. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Inherent distinctive character No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Geographical scope of protection No access
      4. Use and consequences of lack of use No access
      5. Priority date No access
      6. Protection for foreign trade names No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Foundation No access
      2. Requirements No access
    5. 1. National legislation No access
      2. Regulation (EC) No 510/2006 (certain agricultural products and foodstuffs) No access
      3. Regulations (EC) No 479/2008 (Wine) and (EC) No 110/2008 (Spirits) No access
    6. Names No access
  4. 1. Trade marks No access
    2. Corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
  5. 1. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Absolute grounds for refusal No access
      3. Bad faith No access
      4. Other grounds for cancellation No access
    2. 1. Lack of use No access
      2. Other grounds for invalidity No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  6. 1. Earlier trade mark No access
    2. Earlier corporate sign No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier geographical indication No access
    6. Earlier name No access
    7. Other earlier rights No access
  7. 1. 1. Essence of usage No access
        Ways of use No access
      2. Protection of identity No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Trademark/sign identity or similarity No access
        Goods/services identity or similarity No access
        Degree of Distinctiveness of earlier trademark No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known trademarks No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    2. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical corporate signs No access
      3. Protection against likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known corporate signs No access
      5. Use of one’s own name and coexistence situations No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other rights No access
  8. 1. Non-use No access
    2. Name, address and descriptive information No access
    3. Exhaustion No access
    4. Acquiescence No access
    5. Statute of limitation No access
    6. Abuse of law No access
    7. Contradictory earlier right No access
    8. 1. Other defences No access
  9. 1. Injunction No access
    2. 1. Claims in damages No access
      2. Unjust enrichment claims No access
      3. Agency without specific authorisation claims No access
    3. 1. Disclosure and accounting search No access
      2. Cancellation No access
      3. Elimination No access
      4. Seizure at the border No access
      5. Other claims No access
    4. Alternative protective devices No access
  10. 1. 1. Injunction No access
      2. Declaratory action No access
      3. Claim in damages No access
      4. Action for disclosure of information No access
      5. Elimination action No access
      6. Defensive counter-action to opposition No access
    2. Interim relief No access
    3. Administrative procedures No access
    4. Non-judicial procedure before domain name arbitral bodies No access
    5. The risks involved in legal proceedings No access
  11. . Strategy for the protection of signs No access Pages 545 - 546
8. 1. Preamble No access Pages 548 - 549
  2. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  3. . Statutory regulations and their interrelationship No access Pages 565 - 568
  4. 1. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Distinctiveness No access
        Possibility of serving in trade as a descriptive designation No access
        Generic signs No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Survey No access
        Ways of use No access
        Use in a modified form No access
        Extent and place of use No access
        Period for use No access
        Proper reasons for non-use No access
        Consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for trade marks registered abroad No access
    2. 1. Formal Requirements No access
      2. Inherent distinctive character No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for foreign corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Substantive Requirements No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  5. 1. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment No access
      3. Licensing No access
    2. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment No access
      3. Licensing No access
    3. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment and licensing No access
    4. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment and licensing No access
    5. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment and licensing No access
    6. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment and licensing No access
    7. Other signs No access
  6. 1. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Absolute grounds for invalidity No access
      3. Bad faith No access
      4. Other reasons No access
    2. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Reasons for invalidity No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  7. 1. 1. Later mark No access
      2. Later corporate designation No access
      3. Other later signs and rights No access
    2. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate designation No access
      3. Other later signs and rights No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier Geographical indications No access
    6. Earlier name No access
    7. Earlier other rights No access
  8. 1. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical marks/goods No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Similarity of marks No access
        Similarity between goods/services No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known trade marks No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    2. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical corporate designations No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Similarity of corporate designations No access
        Common field of activity No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known corporate designations No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other rights No access
  9. 1. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate signs No access
      3. Other signs No access
    2. Name, address and descriptive information No access
    3. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate signs and other signs No access
    4. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate signs and other signs No access
    5. Prescription under the Statute of Limitations No access
    6. Abuse of law No access
    7. Contradictory earlier right No access
    8. 1. Other defences No access
  10. 1. Injunction No access
    2. Damages No access
    3. 1. Disclosure and accounting search orders No access
      2. Cancellation No access
      3. Seizure orders No access
      4. Seizure at the border No access
      5. Publication of the decision No access
  11. 1. Ordinary proceedings before the Court No access
    2. Interim relief No access
    3. 1. Opposition proceedings No access
      2. Cancellation proceedings No access
    4. Criminal offences No access
  12. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company formation No access
    4. Abbreviations No access
9. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. Corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  2. . Statutory regulations and their interrelationship No access Pages 719 - 720
  3. 1. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Word marks No access
        Combined word and device marks No access
        Device marks No access
        Three-dimensional marks No access
        Letter marks No access
        Numeral marks No access
        Colour marks No access
        Sound mark and other marks No access
        Word marks No access
        Three-dimensional marks No access
        Generic signs No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Survey No access
        Ways of use No access
        Use in a modified form No access
        Extent and place of use No access
        Period for use No access
        Proper reasons for non-use No access
        Consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for trademarks registered abroad No access
    2. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Inherent distinctive character No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
      3. Use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for foreign corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
  4. 1. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licensing No access
    2. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licensing No access
    3. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licensing No access
    4. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licensing No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer and licensing No access
    7. Other signs No access
  5. 1. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Absolute grounds of invalidity No access
      3. Bad faith No access
      4. Other reasons No access
    2. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Reasons for invalidity No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  6. 1. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate designation No access
      3. Later other signs and later other right No access
    2. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate designation No access
      3. Later other signs and later other right No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier geographical indication No access
    6. Earlier name No access
  7. 1. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical marks/goods No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Characters No access
        Words in another language No access
        Parts of a mark No access
        Order of the letters or words No access
        Visual similarity No access
        Conceptual similarity No access
        Similarity of goods/services No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known trade marks No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    2. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical corporate sign No access
      3. Principles of likelihood confusion No access
        Similarity of corporate signs No access
        Common field of activity No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known corporate signs No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
  8. 1. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
    2. Name, address and descriptive information No access
    3. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
    4. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs and rights No access
    5. Statute of limitation No access
    6. Abuse of law No access
    7. Contradictory earlier right No access
    8. 1. Other defences No access
  9. 1. Injunction No access
    2. Damages No access
    3. 1. Disclosure and accounting search orders No access
      2. Cancellation No access
      3. Seize orders No access
      4. Seizure at the border No access
  10. 1. Ordinary proceedings before the court No access
    2. Interim relief No access
    3. 1. Opposition proceedings No access
      2. Cancellation proceedings No access
    4. Criminal offences No access
  11. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company formation No access
10. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Logo No access
        Company name No access
        Company name of commercial companies No access
        Trade name No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. 1. Awards No access
      2. New plant varieties No access
  2. 1. International No access
    2. Community No access
    3. National No access
  3. 1. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Distinctiveness No access
        Need to keep free No access
        Common parlance No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. General considerations No access
        Ways of use No access
        Use in a modified form No access
        Extent and place of use No access
        Period for use No access
        Proper reasons for non-use No access
        Consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection of foreign marks No access
    2. 1. Without registration No access
        Dependent on certificate No access
        Other distinctive corporate signs No access
      2. Company name No access
        Other distinctive corporate signs No access
        Company name No access
        Other distinctive corporate signs No access
        Company name No access
        Other distinctive corporate signs No access
        Company name No access
        Other distinctive corporate signs No access
      3. Company name No access
        Other distinctive corporate signs No access
      4. Company name No access
        Other distinctive corporate signs No access
      5. Company name No access
        Other distinctive corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Substantive requirements No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. 1. Awards No access
      2. New plant varieties No access
  4. 1. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licence No access
    2. 1. Company name No access
        Other distinctive corporate signs No access
      2. Company name No access
        Other distinctive corporate signs No access
      3. Company name No access
        Other distinctive corporate signs No access
    3. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment No access
      3. License No access
    4. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment No access
      3. License No access
    5. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment No access
      3. License No access
    6. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment No access
      3. License No access
    7. 1. Awards No access
      2. New plant variety appellations No access
  5. 1. 1. Application for revocation No access
        Means of defence in the infringement process No access
      2. Absolute reasons of invalidity No access
      3. Bad faith No access
      4. Other reasons No access
    2. 1. Company name No access
        Name and sign of establishment No access
        Logo No access
      2. Company name No access
        Name and sign of establishments No access
        Logo No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  6. 1. 1. Later trademark No access
      2. Company name and business identifier No access
        Logo No access
      3. Domain names No access
        Titles of works No access
        Geographical indications No access
        Names No access
        Award No access
        Logo No access
        Appellation of new plant varieties No access
        Other right No access
    2. 1. Later trademark No access
      2. Later corporate sign No access
      3. Later other sign and later other right No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier geographical indication No access
    6. Earlier name No access
    7. Earlier other right No access
  7. 1. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection of identity No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Visual similarity No access
        Phonetical similarity No access
        Figurative similarity No access
        Conceptual similarity No access
        Similarity between products and services No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known trademarks No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    2. 1. Territorial range of sign No access
        Other aspects No access
        Distinctive trade signs: name, sign of establishment and logo No access
      2. Acts of infringement No access
      3. Protection of identity No access
      4. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Similarity of signs No access
        Common field of activity No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      5. Protection of well-known corporate signs No access
      6. Use of one’s own name No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. 1. Damaging acts No access
      2. Protection of identity No access
      3. Protection against confusion No access
      4. Protection of prestige No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other rights No access
  8. 1. 1. Trademarks No access
      2. Company name No access
        Name, sign of establishment and logo No access
      3. Domain name No access
        Title No access
        Geographical indication No access
        Name No access
        Other distinctive signs No access
    2. Name, address and descriptive information No access
    3. 1. Trademark No access
      2. Distinctive corporate sign No access
      3. Other distinctive signs No access
    4. 1. Trademark No access
      2. Distinctive corporate signs No access
      3. Other distinctive signs No access
    5. 1. Trademark No access
      2. Distinctive corporate sign No access
      3. Other distinctive signs No access
    6. Abuse of law No access
    7. Contradictory earlier right No access
    8. 1. Other defences No access
  9. 1. Injunction No access
    2. Damages No access
    3. 1. Disclosure and accounting search No access
      2. Cancellation No access
      3. Elimination No access
      4. Seizure at border No access
  10. 1. Ordinary proceedings before the court No access
    2. Interim relief No access
    3. 1. Opposition procedures No access
      2. Cancellation procedures No access
    4. Criminal conduct No access
  11. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company formation No access
    4. Abbreviations No access
11. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    5. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  2. 1. Trade marks No access
    2. Firm names No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Appellations of origin No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other designations No access
  3. 1. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Lack of distinctiveness No access
        Trademarks representing public signs No access
        Free marks No access
        Designations which are generally accepted symbols and terms No access
        Generic signs No access
        Designations which are deceptive or capable of misleading consumers as for the goods or their producer No access
        Designations contradicting public interests, principles of humanity and morality No access
        Designations which cannot be registered as violating the rights and legitimate interests of third persons No access
      3. Survey No access
        Ways of use No access
        Use in a modified form No access
        Extent and place of use No access
        Period for use No access
        Use of a trade mark notice No access
        Proper reasons for non-use No access
        Consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for trade marks registered abroad No access
    2. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Inherent distinctive character No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for foreign corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Appellation of origin No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  4. 1. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment No access
      3. Licensing No access
    2. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment No access
      3. Licensing No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Appellation of origin No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other Signs No access
  5. 1. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Absolute grounds of invalidity No access
      3. Bad faith No access
      4. Other reasons No access
    2. Corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Appellation of origin No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other Signs No access
  6. 1. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later firm name No access
      3. Later other signs and later other rights No access
    2. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later firm name No access
      3. Later other signs and later other rights No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier appellation of origin No access
    6. Earlier name No access
    7. Earlier other rights No access
  7. 1. 1. Acts of Infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical trade marks No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Phonetical similarity No access
        Visual similarity No access
        Conceptual similarity No access
        Similarity between goods/services No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known trade marks No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    2. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical corporate designations No access
      3. Protection against similar corporate designations No access
      4. Protection of well-known firm names No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Appellations of origin No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other rights No access
  8. 1. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Firm names No access
      3. Other signs No access
    2. Name, address and descriptive information No access
    3. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Firm names No access
      3. Other signs No access
    4. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Firm names No access
      3. Other signs No access
    5. Abuse of law No access
  9. 1. Injunction No access
    2. Damages No access
    3. 1. Disclosure and accounting search orders No access
      2. Cancellation No access
      3. Seize orders No access
      4. Seizure at the border No access
      5. Other measures No access
  10. 1. Ordinary proceedings before the court No access
    2. Interim relief No access
    3. 1. Opposition proceedings No access
      2. Cancellation proceedings No access
    4. Criminal offences No access
  11. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company cormation No access
    4. Table of statutes No access
12. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    7. Other signs No access
  2. 1. The national legislation No access
    2. Relevant treaty law No access
  3. 1. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Word marks No access
        Combined word and device marks No access
        Device marks No access
        Three-dimensional marks No access
        Letter marks No access
        Numeral marks No access
        Colour marks No access
        Sound and other marks No access
        Word marks No access
        Combined word and device marks No access
        Device marks No access
        Three-dimensional marks No access
        Letter marks No access
        Numeral marks No access
        Colour marks No access
        Sound and other marks No access
        Use in current language No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Survey No access
        Ways of use No access
        Use in a modified form No access
        Extent and place of use No access
        Period for use No access
        Proper reasons for non-use No access
        Consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for trade marks registered abroad No access
    2. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Preliminary remarks No access
        General restrictions on the choice of signs No access
        Rules on the creation of business names No access
        Corporate signs under the first-to-use principle No access
        Corporate signs under the establishment principle No access
      3. Use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for foreign corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. 1. The national legislation No access
      2. Relevant treaty law No access
    6. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Substantive requirements No access
    7. Other signs No access
  4. 1. Trade marks No access
    2. 1. Business names No access
      2. Corporate signs under the first-to-use principle No access
      3. Corporate signs under the establishment principle No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  5. 1. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Absolute grounds of invalidity No access
      3. Bad faith No access
      4. Other reasons No access
    2. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Other reasons for invalidity No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  6. 1. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate designation No access
      3. Later other signs and later other right No access
    2. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate ssign No access
      3. Later other signs and later other right No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier geographical indication No access
    6. Earlier name No access
    7. Earlier other rights No access
  7. 1. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical trade marks No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Phonetical similarity No access
        Visual similarity No access
        Conceptual similarity No access
        Similarity between goods/services No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-know trade marks No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    2. 1. General considerations No access
      2. Business names No access
        Corporate signs under the first-to-use and the establishment principle No access
      3. Business names No access
        Corporate signs under the establishment principle No access
      4. Business names No access
        Corporate signs under the first-to-use and the establishment principles No access
        Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Similarity of signs No access
        Common field of activity No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      5. Protection of well-known corporate signs No access
      6. Use of one’s own name No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other rights No access
  8. 1. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate signs No access
      3. Other signs No access
    2. Name, address and descriptive information No access
    3. Exhaustion No access
    4. Acquiescence No access
    5. Statute of limitation No access
    6. Abuse of law No access
    7. Contradictory earlier right No access
    8. 1. Other defences No access
  9. 1. Injunction No access
    2. Damages No access
    3. 1. Miscellaneous No access
      2. Seizure at the border No access
  10. 1. Ordinary proceedings before the court No access
    2. Interim relief No access
    3. 1. Opposition proceedings No access
      2. Cancellation proceedings No access
    4. Criminal offences No access
  11. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company formation No access
    4. List of Abbreviations No access
13. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    2. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Special categories No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  2. . Statutory regulations and their interrelationship No access Pages 1039 - 1042
  3. 1. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Word marks No access
        Combined word and device marks No access
        Device marks No access
        Three-dimensional marks No access
        Letter marks No access
        Numeral marks No access
        Colour marks No access
        Sound and other marks No access
        Possibility to serve in trade as a descriptive designation No access
        Generic signs No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Survey No access
        Ways of use No access
        Use in a modified form No access
        Extent and place of use No access
        Period for use No access
        Proper reasons for non-use No access
        Consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for trade marks registered abroad No access
    2. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Inherent distinctive character No access
        Distinctive character following use No access
        Other requirements for protection No access
      3. Use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection for foreign corporate signs No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  4. 1. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licensing No access
    2. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licensing No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Transfer No access
      3. Licensing No access
  5. 1. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Absolute grounds of invalidity No access
      3. Bad faith No access
      4. Other reasons No access
    2. 1. Non-use No access
      2. Reasons for invalidity No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other signs No access
  6. 1. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate sign No access
      3. Later other signs and later other rights No access
    2. 1. Later trade mark No access
      2. Later corporate sign No access
      3. Later other signs and later other rights No access
    3. Earlier domain name No access
    4. Earlier title No access
    5. Earlier geographical indication No access
    6. Earlier name No access
    7. Earlier other rights No access
  7. 1. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical marks/goods No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Phonetical similarity No access
        Visual similarity No access
        Conceptual similarity No access
        Similarity between goods/services No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known trade marks No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    2. 1. Acts of infringement No access
      2. Protection against identical corporate designations No access
      3. Principles of likelihood of confusion No access
        Similarity of corporate designations No access
        Common field of activity No access
        Degree of distinctiveness No access
        Types of likelihood of confusion No access
      4. Protection of well-known corporate designations No access
      5. Use of one’s own name No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Names No access
    7. Other rights No access
  8. 1. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
    2. Name, address and descriptive information No access
    3. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs No access
    4. 1. Trade marks No access
      2. Corporate designations No access
      3. Other signs and rights No access
    5. Statute of limitation No access
    6. Abuse of law No access
    7. Contradictory earlier right No access
    8. 1. Other defences No access
  9. 1. Injunction No access
    2. Damages No access
    3. 1. Disclosure and accounting search orders No access
      2. Cancellation No access
      3. Seize orders No access
      4. Seizure at the border No access
  10. 1. Ordinary proceedings before the Court No access
    2. Interim relief No access
    3. 1. Opposition proceedings No access
      2. Cancellation proceedings No access
    4. Criminal offences No access
  11. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company formation No access
14. 1. 1. 1. Term and function No access
      2. Types of trade mark No access
    2. 1. Company names No access
      2. Trade names No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. 1. Regulation (EC) No. 510/2006 No access
      2. Spirits and drinks No access
      3. Certification and collective marks No access
      4. Collective goodwill No access
      5. Special protection No access
    6. Plant varieties No access
    7. Special marks No access
  2. . Statutory regulations and their interrelationship No access Pages 1154 - 1154
  3. 1. 1. Formal requirements No access
      2. Capable of distinguishing No access
        Names No access
        Colours No access
        Descriptive words No access
        Generic No access
        Nature of the goods themselves No access
        Achieving technical results No access
        Substantial value No access
        Public policy No access
        Deception and use contrary to law No access
        Bad faith No access
        Protected emblems No access
        Relative grounds No access
        Certification and collective marks No access
      3. Genuine use and consequences of non-use No access
      4. Priority date No access
      5. Protection of trade marks registered abroad No access
    2. 1. The registrar’s index of company names No access
        Company names No access
        Company names in which another person owns the goodwill No access
        Other corporate entities No access
      2. Formal requirements No access
        Substantive requirements No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Plant varieties No access
  4. 1. 1. Ownership No access
      2. Assignment No access
      3. Licensing and consent agreements No access
    2. 1. Company names No access
      2. Assignment No access
        Licensing No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Indications of geographical origin No access
    6. Plant varieties No access
  5. 1. 1. Revocation on the grounds of non use No access
      2. Invalidity No access
        Revocation on the grounds that the mark has become common in the trade (generic) No access
        Revocation on the grounds of misleading use No access
      3. Surrender No access
    2. 1. Company names No access
      2. Trade names No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Plant varieties No access
  6. 1. 1. Earlier trade mark No access
      2. Earlier other rights No access
      3. Earlier geographical indications No access
      4. Honest concurrent use No access
    2. 1. Earlier company names No access
      2. Earlier trade names No access
    3. Later domain names No access
    4. Later titles No access
    5. Later geographical indications No access
    6. Later plant varieties No access
  7. 1. 1. Types No access
        Use in the course of trade No access
        Use as a trade mark No access
      2. Protection against use of an identical mark on identical goods No access
      3. Global appreciation No access
        Similarity of marks No access
        Similarity of goods No access
        Distinctiveness No access
      4. Reputation No access
        Unfair advantage and detriment No access
        Due cause No access
    2. 1. Company names No access
      2. Misrepresentation No access
        Likelihood of damage No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Geographical indications No access
    5. Plant varieties No access
  8. 1. 1. Consent or licence No access
      2. Name, address and descriptive information No access
      3. Exhaustion No access
      4. Acquiescence No access
      5. Statute of limitation No access
      6. Comparative advertising No access
      7. Transitional protection No access
    2. 1. Company names No access
      2. Names No access
        Descriptive/Generic No access
        Concurrent reputation No access
        Exhaustion No access
        Acquiescence No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Plant varieties No access
  9. 1. 1. Injunction No access
      2. Damages No access
      3. Accounts for profit No access
      4. Erasure, destruction and delivery up No access
      5. Seizure at the border No access
      6. Domestic customs regime No access
    2. 1. Company names No access
      2. Trade names No access
    3. Domain names No access
    4. Titles No access
    5. Geographical indications No access
    6. Plant varieties No access
  10. 1. Ordinary proceedings before the court No access
    2. 1. Injunctions No access
      2. Search orders (Anton Piller Order) No access
      3. Norwich Pharmacal Orders No access
      4. Freezing assets (Marvea injunction) No access
    3. 1. Opposition proceedings No access
      2. Cancellation proceedings No access
    4. 1. Fraud No access
      2. Unfair consumer practices No access
  11. 1. Prevention by research No access
    2. Necessity of trade mark registration No access
    3. Necessity of company formation No access
    4. Concluding thoughts No access
1. . Introduction and definitions No access Pages 1228 - 1229
2. 1. A brief history No access
  2. Holistic branding No access
  3. Everything is a brand No access
  4. 1. The financial value of a brand No access
    2. Measurement of brand effectiveness No access
  5. 1. Competiiton No access
    2. Consolidation No access
    3. Cultural diversity of markets No access
    4. Sustainable advantage through brands No access
3. 1. 1. American global brands No access
    2. Country of origin No access
    3. Things to avoid No access
    4. Characteristics of successful international brands No access
  2. 1. The nature of the business No access
    2. The business aims No access
    3. The corporate structure No access
4. 1. Definition of a trademark No access
  2. 1. Differentiation No access
    2. The general background No access
    3. The specific area No access
    4. Relevance in all markets No access
    5. Conveying subjective qualities No access
    6. 1. Uniqueness and unmistakability No access
    7. Reproduction and other practical concerns No access
    8. Predicted period of use No access
  3. 1. Names No access
    2. Design No access
  4. 1. The name-finding process No access
    2. The design process No access
5. 1. Mergers and acquisitions No access
  2. Going international No access
  3. Exploiting national reputations No access
  4. Evolution and relevance No access
  5. Branding a start-up No access
  6. Stretching a brand No access
  7. The internet environment No access
6. 1. The future is holistic No access
  2. The Chinese challenge No access
  3. Costs and value No access
  4. A force for good No access
7. . Brands and trademarks No access Pages 1260 - 1260
1. . How and where the value of a brand is created No access Pages 1262 - 1265
2. . On the origin of brand valuation No access Pages 1265 - 1266
3. . Reasons for brand valuation No access Pages 1267 - 1268
4. . Brand value and Corporate value No access Pages 1269 - 1269
5. 1. Methodology No access
  2. Cost-based valuation models No access
  3. Market based valuation models No access
  4. Price premium valuation models No access
  5. Indicator-based valuation models No access
  6. Multiplier-based valuation processes No access
  7. Capitalized valuation processes No access
6. 1. AC Nielsen Brand Performance No access
  2. Brand Rating No access
  3. BBDO/Ernst & Young Brand Equity Valuation for Accounting (BEVA) No access
  4. Interbrand Model No access
  5. KPMG Model No access
  6. PWC/GfK Advanced Brand Valuation No access
  7. Semion brand evaluation Model No access
7. . Brand valuation in business practice No access Pages 1284 - 1285
8. . Conclusion No access Pages 1286 - 1286
Bibliography No access Pages 1287 - 1288