The 50th Anniversary of Mauritius: Constitutional Development

Jacques Colom; Stephanie Rohlfing-Dijoux; Götz Schulze

doi:10.5771/9783845296289

Summary

Das Verfassungsrecht in all seinen Perspektiven steht im Mittelpunkt dieses Tagungsbandes. Der erste Teil des Werkes beschäftigt sich mit der konstitutionellen Entwicklung von Mauritius hin zur Unabhängigkeit. Der zweite Teil befasst sich mit der Unabhängigkeit der Verfassungsrichter und der Unabhängigkeit der Justiz im Vergleich zwischen Frankreich, Deutschland und Mauritius. Der dritte Teil behandelt die im Grundrechtskatalog enthaltenen wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Rechte. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen französischen, deutschen, mauritischen, madagassischen und seychellischen Richtern und Forschern zeigt, wie wichtig ein Dialog zwischen ihren Obersten Gerichten bzw. Verfassungsgerichten ist. Die Tatsache, dass der Erfolg von Mauritius häufig seinen spezifischen Institutionen zugeschrieben wird, bot auch die Möglichkeit, die Erneuerung des afrikanischen Konstitutionalismus durch einen Vergleich der Erfahrungen und Schwierigkeiten afrikanischer Länder anzugehen. Mit Beiträgen von Joelle Barnes, Rémi Barrué-Belou, Satyajit Boolell, Michel Charasse, Jacques Colom, Pierre Rosario Domingue, Michael Eichberger, Yves Goguen, Rajendra Parsad Gunputh, Arvin Halkhoree, Christian Kohler, Odile Lim Tung, Dominique Lottin, Johannes Masing, Milan JN Meetarbhan, Aurélie Mendoza Spinola, Didier Michel, Varsha Mooneeram Chadee, Jean-Eric Rakotoarisoa, Romain Ollard, Kerstin Peglow, Josselin Rio, Stephanie Rohlfing-Dijoux, Marie Rossier, Victoria Roux, Vittiyaiye Teeroovengadum, Mathilda Twomey, Charles Walleit.

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Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2019
Copyright year: 2019
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-5474-8
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-9628-9
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 472
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 16
Avant-propos No access Pages 17 - 18
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  1. I) Le Conseil constitutionnel fait partie, au sein des institutions, de celles qui sont spécialement chargées de veiller au respect des grands principes et des règles de leur mise en œuvre. No access
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  2. II) Les lois de Finances et de financement de la Sécurité sociale, dont l’adoption est enserrée dans des délais stricts, sont votées selon les modalités prévues par deux lois organiques, donc déclarée... No access
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  3. III) La compétence du Conseil Constitutionnel touche donc à la fois le respect des procédures de vote des lois financières et de finances sociales et leur contenu. No access
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  4. IV) Tous les principes constitutionnels fondamentaux, notamment ceux qui découlent de la Déclaration des Droits de 1789 du Préambule de la Constitution de 1946 des principes fondamentaux reconnues par... No access
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  5. V) Le Conseil veille également à ce que : No access
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  6. VI) Le Conseil constitutionnel a réglé de très nombreux contentieux fiscaux dans le cadre des questions prioritaires de constitutionnalité, dont 30 à 40% concernant le domaine fiscal ou financier ! No access
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  7. VII) Enfin, le Conseil constitutionnel a accepté d’examiner des questions prioritaires de constitutionnalité portant sur l’article 15 de la Déclaration des Droits de 1789 selon lequel "la société a le... No access
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1. Salutations de la Cour constitutionnelle fédérale allemande, No access
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  1. Introduction No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. (a) Need for a Home-Grown Constitution in a Globalized World No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. (1) Affording better protection to equality than what is currently guaranteed by sections 3 and 16. No access
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      2. (2) Affording better protection to right to respect for privacy: No access
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      3. (3) Affording better protection to the system of freedom of expression : No access
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      4. Authors:
        (ii) Affording constitutional protection to economic, social and cultural rights No access
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        (iii) Guaranteeing the rights of vulnerable persons No access
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      5. Authors:
        (i) Mechanisms for better enforcing the Constitution, better Securing Compliance of Laws and Policies with Constitutional Norms No access
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        (ii) Electoral System No access
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    1. (a) Operational Autonomy of the Office of Director of Public Prosecutions No access
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    2. (b) Other Issues No access
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  4. Concluding Remarks No access
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  1. Adoption of the Constitution No access
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  2. Role and Powers of the Governor General No access
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  3. The Electoral System No access
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  4. Constituent Powers of Parliament No access
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  5. Conclusion No access
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    1. 1.1 The Doctrine of Separation of Powers No access
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    2. 1.2 The implications of the doctrine No access
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    1. 2.1. The Historical Context No access
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    2. 2.2 The Post-Independence era No access
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  3. 3. The application of Separation of Powers in the Mauritian Courts. No access
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  4. 4. The Contemporary Relevance of the Doctrine. No access
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  5. 5. Conclusion No access
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    1. I. Le maintien par le constituant mauricien du legs colonial hostile aux droits économiques et sociaux No access
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    2. II. L’impasse de la protection constitutionnelle indirecte du droit à la santé : le cas du déni de discrimination raciale envers la communauté africaine à Rodrigues. No access
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    3. III. Le droit à la santé et la refondation constitutionnelle à Maurice No access
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  2. Conclusion No access
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  1. Protection of Fundamental Rights by the ECtHR and the CJEU No access
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  2. I. Three levels of protection of fundamental rights in the EU No access
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  3. II. EU law before the European Court of Human Rights. The presumption of equivalent protection (the “Bosphorus presumption”) No access
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  4. III. The principle of mutual trust in EU law and Opinion 2/13 of the CJEU. The presumption that Member States observe fundamental rights guaranteed by the EU No access
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    1. The case of Avotiņš v. Latvia No access
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    2. The Chamber judgment of 25.2.2014 No access
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    3. The judgment of the Grand Chamber of 26.5.2016 No access
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  6. V. The case-law of the CJEU after Opinion 2/13. New elements of convergence No access
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  7. VI. Concluding remarks No access
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  1. Introduction No access
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      1. 1. Survol du droit de l’environnement à Maurice No access
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      2. Authors:
        a. Une protection administrative de l’environnement No access
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        b. Une absence de reconnaissance législative des principes de base du droit de l’environnement. No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1. La portée internationale d’une protection constitutionnelle de l’environnement No access
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      2. 2. La portée régionale d’une protection constitutionnelle de l’environnement No access
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      1. 1. La consécration constitutionnelle de la protection de l’environnement en tant que devoirs étatiques et devoirs de l’individu No access
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      2. 2. La consécration constitutionnelle de la protection de l’environnement avec un droit à un environnement sain, des devoirs étatiques et devoirs de l’individu No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1. Sa place dans la Constitution nécessite une révision constitutionnelle votée par l’Assemblée Nationale No access
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      2. 2. Les implications d’une protection constitutionnelle de l’environnement No access
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  4. Conclusion No access
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    1. A) Une participation active et libre : les déclinaisons de la liberté d’expression en matière d’environnement No access
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    2. B) Une participation active et militante : la force de la liberté d’association en matière d’environnement No access
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    1. A) Un renforcement de la participation en amont : le rôle clé du droit à l’information No access
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    2. B) Un renforcement de la participation en aval : l’importance du droit au recours en matière environnementale No access
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1. Le statut du juge constitutionnel No access Pages 159 - 168
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  1. Introduction No access
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  2. 1. Status and significance of the Federal Constitutional Court No access
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  3. 2. Institutional and procedural protection of the independence of the Constitutional Court Justices No access
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  4. 3. Independence in practice No access
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  1. Introduction No access
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  2. Aperçu historique No access
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  3. Rôle et fonctions du DPP No access
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  4. Pouvoir discrétionnaire du DPP No access
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  5. Autonomie du Bureau du DPP No access
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  6. Conclusion No access
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  1. I. Introduction No access
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    1. 1. The objective independence of the judge No access
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    2. 2. The personal independence of full-time professional judges No access
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    1. 1. Workload standards? No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. a) Political party patronage No access
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      2. b) No institutional independence by self-administration No access
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    3. Authors:
      1. a) The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) No access
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      2. b) Bilateral investment treaty proceedings, ECJ on 6 March 2018, C-284/16 – Achmea No access
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    1. 1. Salary reduction under Art. 47 EU-Charter and Art. 19 TEU, ECJ C-64/16, on 27 February 2018 – Juizes Portugueses No access
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    2. 2. Key problems – ENCJ Report from 9 June 2017 No access
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  5. V. Conclusions: No access
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    1. A L’absence de compétence juridictionnelle exclusive en matière constitutionnelle No access
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    2. B Le caractère subsidiaire des recours constitutionnels directs devant la Cour suprême No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. A Une centralisation renforcée sur le plan procédural No access
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    2. B Une concentration renforcée par l’introduction de recours constitutionnels directs devant la Cour suprême No access
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      1. 1. Le rôle de l’avocat au cours des interrogatoires No access
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      2. 2. L’accès restreint au dossier de la procédure No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. 1. L’avocat défenseur de la légalité No access
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      2. 2. L’avocat défenseur de son client ? No access
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  2. II. Le défaut de contradictoire au cours de l’enquête No access
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    1. A) L’influence de la monarchie constitutionnelle No access
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    2. B) L’influence continentale No access
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    1. A) La proclamation de la République mauricienne No access
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    2. B) L’incarnation de la République No access
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  1. Conclusion No access
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  1. Trouver l’équilibre entre la prévisibilité et la flexibilité de la Constitution – assurer sa contemporanéité – est un exercice juridique des plus complexes. Il en va de même pour l’équilibre délicat à... No access
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  2. « Notre Constitution est un arbre vivant » : une interprétation pour s’adapter aux réalités de la vie moderne No access
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  3. Le droit constitutionnel d’ici et d’ailleurs : regards croisés entre l’île Maurice et le Canada No access
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  4. L’arbre vivant à l’épreuve : la dépénalisation des rapports sexuels consensuels entre hommes No access
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  5. Une conclusion qui n’en est pas une No access
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    1. Introduction No access
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    2. Constitutionalism No access
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    3. Historical background No access
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    4. The third Constitution No access
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    5. Constitutionalism in Seychelles No access
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    6. Constitutionalism under the third Constitution No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. Sullivan v Attorney General No access
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    2. Seychelles National Party v Government of Seychelles & Another No access
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    3. Slow progress, challenges and hope No access
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  1. I. Le préalable de l’independance No access
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  2. II. Un contrôle effectif de constitutionnalite No access
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  3. Conclusion No access
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  1. Introduction No access
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  2. Profond pessimisme No access
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  3. Indépendance prématurée ? No access
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  4. Les clés du ‘miracle’ mauricien No access
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  5. L’état providence No access
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  6. Conclusion No access
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  1. Summary: No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. 1) Geography No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. a. Mauritius and La Réunion No access
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      2. b. Seychelles and Rodrigues No access
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      3. c. Differentiation by choice No access
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    1. 1) “Indianoceania” No access
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    2. 2) La Réunion No access
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    3. Authors:
      1. a. Creation and specificity of the IOC No access
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      2. b. The relation of France and the European Union with the IOC No access
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  4. III. The delegation of the European Union and its role in the Indian Ocean No access
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  5. IV. Conclusion No access
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  1. 1. Introduction No access
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    1. The Rule of Law No access
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    2. Separation of Powers No access
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    1. (1) Independent and Impartial legal system No access
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    2. (2) The constitutionality of the laws No access
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    3. (3) There is a fair trial in civil and criminal proceedings No access
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    4. (4) There is a right of appeal or review No access
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  4. 4. Is The Mauritian Constitution Outdated In 2018? No access
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  5. Authors:
    1. Amending Section 47 No access
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    2. Committee For Constitutional Amendment and Reviewing the Different Sections of the Constitution No access
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    3. (1) Reviewing present constitutional sections No access
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    4. (2) Reviewing Constitutional Amendment No access
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    5. (3) Doing Research to Decide on Possible Amendments to be Made No access
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    6. (4) Educating The Population No access
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    7. Specialised Court For Constitutional Issues No access
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    8. Enacting Proper Laws As Per The Provisions Of The Constitution No access
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  6. 6. An Ending Note No access
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  1. Introduction No access
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  2. Headscarf in the public sector No access
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  3. Headscarf in the private sector No access
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  4. Swimming classes No access
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  5. Polygamy No access
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  6. Honor Killing No access
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  7. Freedom of speech No access
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  8. Conclusion No access
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    1. A. Stabilization Clause No access
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    2. B. Internationalization Clause No access
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    3. C. National Investment Insurances No access
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      1. a. Full protection and security No access
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      2. b. Fair and equitable treatment No access
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      3. c. National treatment No access
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      4. d. Most favored nation treatment clause (Most Favored Nation Clause – MFN clauses) No access
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      5. e. Umbrella clauses No access
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    2. B. Bilateral Investment Treaties of Mauritius No access
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    1. A. Arbitration clauses in BIT treaties between EU Member States No access
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    2. B. Arbitration clauses in Multilateral Treaties with the EU No access
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    1. A. NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) No access
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    2. B. CETA (Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement) No access
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    3. C. TTIP (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership) No access
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    4. D. Other Multilateral Commercial Agreements between the European Union and third countries No access
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    5. E. Regional free trade areas in Africa No access
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    6. F. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) organized by the World Bank No access
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  5. V. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) No access
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    1. A) The mauritian constitutional review inspired by the common law tradition No access
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    2. B) A constitutional review of the constitutional laws review revealed by the judge No access
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    1. A) A role conditioning the argument of the separation of powers to legitimize or refuse a review of the laws of revision No access
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    2. B) The separation of powers as a malleable paradigm No access
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  1. Introduction No access
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  2. Objectives No access
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  3. The structure of this contribution No access
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  4. Mauritian slavery and confirmation of its legacy No access
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  5. The Mauritian constitution and its failures towards the descendants of slaves No access
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  6. Socio-economic rights as useful ways of dealing with the aftermath of slavery No access
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    1. 1. Collective defence No access
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    2. 2. Crisis management in conflict areas No access
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    3. 3. Constitutional conditions for operations outside the federal territory No access
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    1. 1. State of defence or State of tension No access
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    2. 2. Internal State of emergency No access
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  3. III. Concluding summary No access
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  1. Introduction No access
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      1. a. The competency to contract No access
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      2. b. The representation at the expense of autonomy No access
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      3. c. The right to vote No access
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      1. a. The right of choice of the living place No access
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      2. b. The protection of the physical integrity No access
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      3. c. The strictly personal acts No access
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      1. a. The protection is provided in the respect of the concerned person’s will No access
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      2. b. The protection of the concerned person against herself No access
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    2. 2. The protection of the general interest and the public order No access
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  4. Conclusion No access
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      1. (a) The abolition of the « droit de prélèvement » under French law No access
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      2. (b) The decision of the German Constitutional Court of 2005 No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. (a) Internal public order No access
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      2. (b) International public order No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. A. The French jurisprudential saga No access
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    2. B. The inheritance regulation and the German inheritance reserve No access
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  1. I- Un faible indice de représentativité pour une représentativité communautaire superflue No access
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  2. A- Une faible représentativité communautaire pour une grande brutalité du scrutin majoritaire plurinominal à un tour No access
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  3. B- Une faible densité communautaire pour des circonscriptions inégalitaires No access
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  4. II- Une impossible rénovation de la réserve de représentativité communautaire No access
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  5. A- Les incohérences de la définition des meilleurs perdants No access
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  6. B- Les incohérences de la définition des communautés No access
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  7. Conclusion No access
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  1. Introduction No access
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    1. A. Lowering the risk of a tyranny of majority No access
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    2. B. Incentivizing parties to seek support from all communities No access
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    1. 1. Electoral rules and their function regarding the level of trust between communities No access
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    2. 2. From trust to the creation of an identity, the dynamic efficiency of electoral arrangements No access
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  4. III. Conclusion No access
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List of Contributors No access Pages 469 - 472