Disinformation in Europe

Dr. Olga Batura; Prof. Dr. Bernd Holznagel LL.M.; Prof. Dr. Jan Christopher Kalbhenn LL.M.

doi:10.5771/9783748948124

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2024
ISBN-Print: 978-3-7560-1920-5
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-4812-4
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Schriften zum Daten-, Informations- und Medienrecht
Volume: 77
Language: German
Pages: 0
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 8
Introduction No access Pages 9 - 14 Olga Batura, Bernd Holznagel, Jan Kalbhenn
Olga Batura, Liudmyla Opryshko
1. 1. Introduction: Background about the support of the war and vision of Ukraine as an enemy No access
2. 1. 2.1. What is a narrative? No access
  2. 2.2. Master Narratives related to the war in Ukraine No access
3. 1. 3.1. Origins and development of the Russian world ideology No access
  2. 3.2. Contents of the Russian world ideology (geopolitical, cultural-civilisational and religious) No access
  3. 3.3. Methods of promotion of the Russian world: from soft power to war No access
4. 4. Conclusions No access
5. Bibliography No access
Gábor Polyák, Krisztina Nagy, Klára Szalay
1. 1. Regulatory dilemmas No access
2. 2. Actors in the spread of disinformation No access
3. 3. Decision-making competences in determining the truth No access
4. 4. Disinformation with legal relevance No access
5. 1. 5.1. Voter protection? No access
  2. 5.2. Consumer choice, voter choice No access
  3. 5.3. The “average voter” No access
  4. 5.4. Activities likely to influence political decisions No access
  5. 5.5. Unfair political influencing No access
6. 6. Conclusion No access
7. Bibliography No access
Bernd Holznagel
1. Relevance of the fight against disinformation No access
2. Code of conduct as a means of combating disinformation No access
3. Self-commitment of the Code signatories No access
4. 1. Demonetisation and other preventive measures No access
  2. Improving the integrity of the service No access
  3. Dealing with political and issue advertising No access
  4. Empowerment of the user community No access
  5. Involvement of fact-checkers No access
  6. Involvement of the research community No access
5. 1. Transparency Centre No access
  2. Permanent Task Force No access
  3. Obligations of the signatories to cooperate No access
6. 1. Code of conduct as a risk mitigation measure No access
  2. Enforcement issues No access
7. Conclusion No access
8. Bibliography No access
Olga Batura
1. 1. Introduction No access
2. 1. 2.1. Self-regulation No access
  2. 2.2. Co-regulation No access
  3. 2.3. Two in one? No access
3. 1. 3.1. Overview of legal provisions of the DSA on Codes of Conduct No access
  2. 3.2. Scope of application of Codes of Conduct No access
  3. 3.3. Potential enforcement and sanctioning of non-compliance with the 2022 Code No access
4. 4. Conclusions No access
5. Bibliography No access
Judit Bayer
1. 1. 1.1 New avenues in political advertising No access
  2. 1.2. The trap of personalised targeting No access
2. 1. 2.1. Protection of political speech No access
  2. 2.2. Why self-regulation was not enough? No access
3. 1. 3.1. The direct incentives to action No access
  2. 3.2. The concept No access
  3. 1. 3.3.1. The definition of a political actor No access
    2. 3.3.2. The impact of the message No access
    3. 3.3.3. New elements added in the legislative process No access
  4. 1. 3.4.1. VLOPs and VLOSEs No access
    2. 3.4.2. Enforcement No access
    3. 3.4.3. Rules on targeting No access
4. 4. Interplay with the DSA and the Strengthened Code of Practice against Disinformation No access
5. 5. Conclusion No access
6. Bibliography No access
Jan Kalbhenn
1. 1. 1. Journalists No access
  2. 2. Fact-checkers No access
  3. 3. Common standards No access
2. 1. 1. Design specifications: Visibility of the results of fact-checkers’ work No access
  2. 2. Voluntary commitments of the platforms: Institutionalisation of the fact-checkers No access
  3. 3. Self-commitment of fact-checkers to high standards No access
  4. 4. Interim conclusion No access
3. 1. 1. European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN) No access
  2. 2. Fact-checker standards No access
  3. 1. a) Transparency and non-discrimination No access
    2. b) Selection of topics No access
    3. c) Sources No access
    4. d) Language and workflow No access
  4. 4. Interim conclusion No access
4. 1. 1. Standard of truth No access
  2. 2. Justification of the stricter standard No access
  3. 3. Supervision and sanctions No access
  4. 4. Media law privileges No access
5. V. Conclusion: European media law through content moderation and design specifications No access
6. Bibliography No access
Colin Willeke
1. 1. Introduction No access
2. 1. 2.1. Disinformation on Telegram No access
  2. 2.2. Disinformation-enabling features of Telegram No access
3. 1. 3.1 Privacy of communication as the limit of media regulation No access
  2. 3.2 Liability Privilege of Hosting Providers No access
  3. 1. 3.3.1 Telegram as “media intermediary” in the sense of IMT? No access
    2. 3.3.2. Substantive legal requirements of the MStV concerning telemedia No access
  4. 3.4. Enforcement with the help of the Network Enforcement Act? No access
  5. 3.5. Voluntary self-regulation und Community Standards No access
4. 1. 1. 4.1.1. Technical execution No access
    2. 4.1.2. Constitutional legitimacy of a chat control No access
    3. 4.1.3. Opposing rights of communicators No access
    4. 4.1.4. Technical limitation No access
    5. 4.1.5. Interim conclusion No access
  2. 1. 4.2.1. Apple’s und Google’s voluntary blocking No access
    2. 4.2.2. Legal basis for an indirect blocking by authorities No access
    3. 4.2.4. Subsidiarity and reasonableness of a shutdown No access
    4. 4.2.5. Proportionality No access
    5. 4.2.6. Interim conclusion No access
5. 5. Conclusion No access
6. Bibliography No access
Bernd Holznagel, Florian Flamme
1. 1. 1. Combating disinformation as a goal of the DSA No access
  2. 2. The importance of coordinated supervision across the EU No access
2. 1. 1. Coordination tasks No access
  2. 3. Investigation and enforcement tasks No access
  3. 4. Cooperation with each other and at the EU level No access
  4. 5. Special rules for very large online platforms and very large online search engines No access
  5. 6. Review, reporting and remediation in the area of disinformation No access
3. 1. 1. Options for the selection of authorities No access
  2. 2. Independence requirement No access
4. 1. 1. Federal Network Agency as coordinator for digital services No access
  2. 2. Other competent authorities No access
  3. 3. Establishment of an Advisory Board No access
  4. 4. Cooperation with external authorities No access
  5. 5. The national anchoring of the independence requirement No access
5. 1. 1. Multi-layered approach against disinformation No access
  2. 2. Independence of the BNetzA as an essential criterion No access
  3. 3. Choice of the one-authority solution No access
  4. 4. Uniform supervision of platforms No access
  5. 5. Consideration of the interests of the State Media Authorities No access
6. VI. Conclusion No access
7. Bibliography No access
Lorna Woods
1. 1. Introduction No access
2. 1. 2.1 Overview of OSA No access
  2. 1. 2.2.1 Mapping OSA Content Categories on to Misinformation No access
    2. 2.2.2. Illegal Content Duties No access
    3. 2.2.3 Harmful Content duties No access
  3. 2.3. Promotion of Media Literacy No access
  4. 2.4. Promotion of Trustworthy Content No access
3. 1. 3.1. Minimising Spread of Misinformation No access
  2. 3.2. Promoting Media Literacy No access
  3. 3.3. Promoting Trustworthy Content No access
4. 6. Conclusions No access
5. Bibliography No access
Liudmyla Opryshko
1. А. Introduction No access
2. В. Freedom of expression, the right to reliable information and countering misinformation: can they be balanced? No access
3. 1. І. Preparation of the first draft law on combating disinformation in Ukraine No access
  2. II. The right to receive reliable information as a separate right No access
  3. III. The concept of reliable information No access
4. 1. І. A single regulator for all types of media and its powers to ensure the right to reliable information No access
  2. ІІ. Introduction of co-regulation No access
  3. 1. 1. Restrictions on the content of information No access
    2. 2. Restrictions on media ownership No access
    3. 3. Restrictions on the work of Ukrainian media No access
5. E. Is the right to reliable information a Ukrainian invention or a global trend? No access
6. Bibliography No access
Dariia Opryshko
1. 1. Introduction No access
2. 2. Scope of application No access
3. 1. 3.1. Restrictions related to the distribution of certain information No access
  2. 3.2. Restrictions related to the ownership and financing of Ukrainian media No access
  3. 3.3. Restrictions on the activities of media of the aggressor-state on the territory of Ukraine No access
4. 4. “Grey zones” in Ukrainian media regulation No access
5. 5. Conclusions No access
6. Bibliography No access
Olga Batura
1. 1. Introduction No access
2. 2. Overview of measures in place No access
3. 1. Recommendation 1: Seek and support international coordination and cooperation in countering disinformation No access
  2. Recommendation 2: Close the gaps at the national level that were left by the international and EU levels No access
4. 1. Recommendation 3: Transpose, apply and enforce EU-level rules related to the digital economy (e.g., the Digital Services Act) No access
  2. Recommendation 5: Continue promoting media literacy for all generations and societal groups. No access
  3. Recommendation 6: Promote reliable and trustworthy content No access
5. 1. Recommendation 7: Support scholars and researchers studying the phenomenon of disinformation in depth and from different perspectives. No access
  2. Recommendation 8: Develop all-of-government communication capacities and responses to disinformation No access
  3. Recommendation 9: Prepare for an emergency No access
6. Bibliography No access
Information on the authors No access Pages 295 -