Investment Protection and Human Rights Regulation

Dr. Cordula A. Meckenstock LL.M.

doi:10.5771/9783845226996

Summary

Investitionsschutz und innerstaatliche Regulierung zwecks Durchsetzung eines höheren menschenrechtlichen Standards stehen vermeintlich im Widerspruch zueinander. Die Autorin untersucht das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen diesen beiden legitimen Interessen am Beispiel von sogenannten Stabilisierungsklauseln in Investor-Staat-Verträgen, welche zu Gunsten ausländischer Investoren das rechtliche und ökonomische Gefüge eines Investitionsprojektes im Gastland für die Lebensdauer desselben „einfrieren“. Solche Stabilisierungsklauseln kollidieren mit späterer innerstaatlicher Regulierung zwecks Umsetzung höherer menschenrechtlicher Standards. Die Autorin erarbeitet unter Einbeziehung der aktuellen internationalen Diskussion sowie anhand einer Fallstudie praktische vertragliche Instrumente zur Lösung des aufgezeigten Spannungsverhältnisses für zukünftige Investitionsprojekte.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2010
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8329-5980-7
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-2699-6
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Leipziger Schriften zum Völkerrecht, Europarecht und ausländischen öffentlichen Recht
Volume: 17
Language: English
Pages: 176
Product type: Book Titles

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 2 - 12
1. Introduction No access
1. 1. Why Foreign Investment? No access Pages 17 - 20
  2. What is Foreign Investment exactly? No access Pages 20 - 20
  3. Short History of Foreign Investment No access Pages 20 - 21
  4. Volume of Foreign Direct Investment No access Pages 21 - 22
  5. Pros and Cons of Foreign Direct Investment No access Pages 22 - 24
2. 1. Treaty Law No access Pages 24 - 26
  2. Customary International Law No access Pages 26 - 27
  3. Jurisdiction No access Pages 27 - 27
  4. In Detail: Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) No access Pages 27 - 29
  5. In Detail: State Contracts No access Pages 29 - 32
3. 1. Meaning of the “Rule of Law” No access Pages 32 - 33
  2. The “Reform Menu” No access Pages 33 - 34
  3. 1. Rule of Law as a (Secondary) Determinant for Investment Decisions No access
    2. Bounded Rationality of Foreign Investors No access
    3. Practical Example for Role of the Rule of Law No access
    4. Digression: Different Motivations for FDI No access
    5. Different Sensitivity to the Rule of Law No access
    6. The Critical Mass Theory No access
  4. FDI in the Rule of Law Reform Process No access Pages 40 - 41
  5. Integrating FDI into the Rule of Law Reform Process No access Pages 41 - 42
  6. Conclusions No access Pages 42 - 44
1. 1. Introductory Remarks No access Pages 45 - 47
  2. 1. Freezing Clauses/Incorporation Clauses No access
    2. Non-application Clauses No access
    3. Intangibility Clauses No access
    4. Limited Classic Stabilization Clauses No access
    5. Economic Stabilization Clauses No access
    6. Limited Economic Stabilization Clauses No access
  3. Relevance of Stabilization Clauses No access Pages 53 - 56
2. 1. 1. Direct Internationalization No access
    2. Indirect Internationalization No access
  2. 1. Conflict of Laws v. Material Law Choice No access
    2. Stabilization Clause as a Conflict of Law Choice No access
    3. Stabilization Clause as a Material Law Choice No access
  3. Conclusions about the Legal Effects of Classic Stabilization Clauses No access Pages 60 - 62
3. Conclusions about Stabilization Clauses in State Contracts No access Pages 62 - 64
1. Concerns related to Domestic Law No access Pages 65 - 70
2. Concerns related to the Sovereignty of the Host State No access Pages 70 - 72
3. Concerns related to the Pursuit of Public Welfare No access Pages 72 - 73
4. Conclusions No access Pages 73 - 74
1. 1. 1. Nationalizations as Wide-Scale Expropriations No access
    2. Expropriations under International Law No access
    3. Hull Formula, Calvo Doctrine and Appropriate Compensation No access
    4. Current Developments concerning Compensation Standards No access
  2. 1. Case Law No access
    2. Separation between Indirect Expropriation and Legal Regulation No access
  3. Regulatory Takings No access Pages 86 - 87
  4. Measures below the expropriating Threshold No access Pages 87 - 88
  5. Conclusions No access Pages 88 - 90
2. 1. Implications of “Classic Stabilization Clauses” on the Threshold Triggering a Compensatory Duty No access Pages 90 - 91
  2. Implications of “Economic Stabilization Clauses” on the Threshold Triggering a Compensatory Duty No access Pages 91 - 92
1. Stabilization Clauses Generating the Tension between Stabilization and Regulation No access Pages 93 - 97
2. 1. 1. Host States’ Right and Duty to Regulate No access
    2. Host States’ Duty to Protect No access
    3. Low Human Rights and Environmental Standards No access
  2. The “Selective Regulation” No access Pages 100 - 102
3. 1. 1. European Convention of Human Rights No access
    2. NAFTA No access
    3. COMESA No access
    4. The Widely Used Canadian Model BIT No access
    5. Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Chile No access
    6. American Law Institute’s Restatement Third of Foreign Relations Law of the United States No access
  2. Literature No access Pages 110 - 111
  3. 1. Degree of Interference with the Property Right No access
    2. Purpose of the Governmental Measure No access
    3. Proportionality of the Governmental Measure No access
    4. Reasonable Expectations of the Foreign Investor No access
    5. Conclusions No access
4. 1. International Law No access Pages 118 - 118
  2. International Literature No access Pages 118 - 121
  3. Case Law No access Pages 121 - 122
  4. Conclusion No access Pages 122 - 124
1. 1. 1. Broad Escape Clause No access
    2. Purpose-Based Escape Clause No access
    3. Area of Law-Focused Escape Clause No access
    4. Source of Law-Related Escape Clause No access
    5. Situation-Based Escape Clause No access
    6. Definition of Expropriation No access
  2. 1. International Institute for Sustainable Development Model BIT No access
    2. Abandoned, but Modern Norwegian Model BIT No access
  3. Conclusions and Drafting Proposal No access Pages 133 - 136
2. 1. 1. Interpretational Tool No access
    2. Amendment Tools No access
  2. 1. Drafting Proposal of a Model Escape Clause No access
    2. Improving the Bargaining Process No access
  3. Conclusions No access Pages 146 - 148
1. 1. Factual Background No access Pages 149 - 153
  2. 1. The Prevailing Legal Regime No access
    2. The Economic Stabilization Clause No access
2. 1. The Wording No access Pages 159 - 160
  2. The Legal Effects No access Pages 160 - 161
  3. Analysis No access Pages 161 - 162
1. Main Theses No access Pages 163 - 168
2. Hauptthesen No access Pages 168 - 170
Bibliography No access Pages 171 - 176