Cover of book: Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the Principle of Systemic Integration in International Investment Law and Arbitration
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Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the Principle of Systemic Integration in International Investment Law and Arbitration

Authors:
Publisher:
 17.09.2015

Summary

The treatise gives scholars and practitioners useful guidance for resolving the key issues of contemporary investment law (i.e. how best to balance investor’s rights to investment protection and host states’ rights to regulate) by applying Article 31(3)(c) VCLT and the so-called ‘Principle of Systemic Integration’.

It illustrates the potential and limits of harmonious treaty interpretation. For this purpose, it demonstrates the relevance of extraneous rules in the system of international investment law and arbitration, deals extensively with the interpretation of Article 31(3)(c) VCLT, and explains in depth the ‘principle of systemic integration’. The author critically analysis – at the example of the FET standard, the prohibition of unlawful expropriation and the various non-discrimination provisions in investment treaties – how investment tribunals and international courts have interpreted investment treaties in the light of extraneous rules of international law.

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2015
Publication date
17.09.2015
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-2139-9
ISBN-Online
978-3-8452-6238-3
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies
Volume
4
Language
English
Pages
511
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access 1 - 22
    1. The phenomenon of fragmentation in international law No access 23 - 27
    2. International investment law and arbitration No access 28 - 34
      1. A. Introduction No access
        1. I. The sources of international investment rights and obligations No access
          1. 1. Preamble – a reference to the object and purpose of IIAs No access
          2. 2. Definition of investment No access
          3. 3. Exceptions: taxation and essential security interests No access
            1. (a) Fair and equitable treatment No access
            2. (b) Expropriation No access
            3. (c) National treatment and most-favoured-nation treatment No access
            4. (d) Arbitrary or discriminatory measures No access
          5. 5. Wider considerations in investment treaties No access
          6. 6. Further aspects of investment treaties No access
          1. 1. Investor-state arbitration No access
          2. 2. State to state disputes No access
          3. 3. The characteristics and advantages of international arbitration No access
            1. (a) Jurisdiction ratione materiae No access
            2. (b) Jurisdiction ratione personae No access
            1. (a) Procedural law No access
            2. (b) Investment treaties No access
        1. I. Extraneous rules of general international law No access
        2. II. Extraneous rules of international law dealing with the same or similar subject-matter as investment treaty provisions No access
        3. III. Extraneous rules of international law not dealing with the same or similar subject-matter as investment treaty provisions No access
      4. D. Conclusion No access
      1. A. Introduction No access
        1. I. ‘Any rules of international law’ as a reference to the formal sources of international law No access
          1. 1. Customary law No access
          2. 2. General principles of law No access
          3. 3. Treaties No access
          4. 4. Other sources of law No access
        3. III. ‘Any rules of international law’ and non-binding instruments No access
        4. IV. Conclusion No access
          1. 1. The principle of contemporaneity No access
          2. 2. The inter-temporal law No access
          1. 1. The general rule of treaty interpretation No access
              1. Discussion in the ILC, 765th meeting – 14 July 1964 No access
              2. Discussion in the ILC, 767th meeting – 16 July 1964 No access
              3. Redraft of the articles on the interpretation of treaties and introduction of Article 69 A No access
              4. Discussion in the ILC, 769th and 770th meeting – 17 and 20 July 1964 No access
              5. Comments by Governments and Waldock’s observations thereto No access
              6. Redraft of Article 69(I)(b) and the discussion in the ILC, 870th and 871st meeting – 15 and 16 June 1966 No access
              7. The United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties No access
          3. 3. Conclusion on the interpretation of Article 31(3)(c) VCLT No access
        3. III. The temporal element in general international law No access
        4. IV. Conclusion No access
        1. I. ‘Relevant’ as reference to ‘the same subject-matter’ No access
        2. II. The wording, context and object and purpose of Article 31(3)(c) VCLT No access
        3. III. The drafting history of Article 31(3)(c) VCLT No access
        4. IV. Conclusion No access
          1. 1. The narrow interpretation: all treaty parties No access
          2. 2. The divergent interpretation: the parties to a dispute or treaty No access
          3. 3. The broad interpretation: one of the parties to a dispute No access
          1. 1. The object and purpose of the treaty No access
          2. 2. The pacta tertiis principle No access
          1. 1. Wording No access
          2. 2. Context No access
          3. 3. The principle of effectiveness No access
          4. 4. The drafting history of Article 31(3)(c) VCLT No access
        4. IV. Conclusion No access
          1. 1. The terms used in the treaty have a well-recognized meaning in customary international law No access
          2. 2. The terms of the treaty are by their nature open-textured and reference to other sources of international law will assist in giving content to the rule No access
          3. 3. Treaty rule is unclear and its meaning is determined by reference to a developed body of international law No access
          1. 1. Express derogation from other relevant rules No access
          2. 2. Wording No access
            1. (a) Limited jurisdiction of an international tribunal No access
            2. (b) Different organizational structures between regime of the treaty under interpretation and regime of the referred rule No access
          4. 4. Inter-organization principle of good neighbourliness (‘Störungsverbot’) No access
        3. III. The interpretative weight of relevant rules of international law No access
        4. IV. Conclusion No access
      7. G. Conclusion No access
      1. A. Introduction No access
        1. I. Explicit references No access
        2. II. Specialized or technical meaning No access
        3. III. Special meaning No access
        4. IV. Conclusion No access
        1. I. Subsequent agreements No access
        2. II. Subsequent practice No access
        3. III. Conclusion No access
      4. D. Conclusion No access
      1. A. Introduction No access
      2. B. Articles 31 and 32 of the VCLT No access
      3. C. The authority of precedents in investment arbitration No access
      4. D. Article 31(3)(c) VCLT in investment arbitration No access
        1. I. Party autonomy as the guiding principle in investment arbitration No access
        2. II. The (non-)invocation of extraneous rules by the disputing parties No access
          1. 1. Foresti v. South Africa No access
          2. 2. Aguas del Tunari v. Bolivia No access
          1. 1. Amicus curiae in investor-state arbitration No access
          2. 2. The limited impact of amicus submissions on final awards of investment tribunals No access
        5. V. The role of the arbitral tribunal No access
      6. F. Conclusion No access
      1. A. Introduction No access
        1. I. The gap-filling function of general international law No access
        2. II. The elucidation of undefined treaty terms by reference to general international law No access
        1. I. Loewen v. United States and the requirement to exhaust local remedies No access
        2. II. The Argentina cases and the essential security interests clause in Article XI US-Argentina BIT No access
      4. D. Conclusion No access
      1. A. Introduction No access
          1. 1. FET linked to international law No access
          2. 2. FET as free-standing standard No access
          3. 3. Conclusion No access
        2. II. The interpretation of the prohibition of unlawful expropriation No access
          1. 1. Identifying the existence and content of rules of international investment law No access
            1. (a) IIAs as contributor to the development of customary international law No access
            2. (b) IIAs as quid pro quos No access
            1. (a) ‘Like circumstances’ as key element of non-discrimination provisions in IIAs No access
            2. (b) ‘Like circumstances’ as operative element or exception No access
          2. 2. Less favourable treatment No access
          3. 3. Application of the MFN clause to dispute settlement provisions No access
          4. 4. Conclusion No access
          1. 1. Lauder v. Czech Republic No access
          2. 2. Tecmed v. Mexico No access
          3. 3. Azurix v. Argentina No access
          4. 4. Saipem v. Bangladesh No access
          5. 5. Conclusion No access
        3. III. Limitations on references to extraneous treaty rules: the example of non-discrimination provisions in investment treaties and in international trade law No access
      4. D. Conclusion No access
      1. A. Introduction No access
        1. I. Norm conflicts and conflict resolution techniques in international law No access
            1. (a) Case facts and investor claims No access
            2. (b) The human rights context of the dispute and Argentina’s obligations under international law No access
            3. (c) The arguments made by Argentina and the amici in the light of Argentina’s human rights obligations No access
            4. (d) The tribunal’s decision No access
            1. (a) Case facts and investor claims No access
            2. (b) The international law context of the dispute No access
            3. (c) The arguments raised by the United States and the amicus curiae No access
            4. (d) The tribunal’s decision No access
            1. (a) Case facts and investor claims No access
            2. (b) The arguments made by Argentina No access
            3. (c) The tribunal’s decision No access
            1. (a) Case facts and investor claims No access
            2. (b) The tribunal’s decision No access
            1. (a) Case facts and investor claim No access
            2. (b) Argentina’s arguments No access
            3. (c) The tribunal’s decision No access
            1. (a) Case facts and investor claim No access
            2. (b) Argentina’s arguments No access
            3. (c) The tribunal’s decision No access
            1. (a) Case facts and investor claims No access
            2. (b) Canada’s arguments No access
            3. (c) The international law context of the dispute No access
            4. (d) The tribunal’s decision No access
          8. 8. Conclusion No access
        1. I. General exception clauses and extraneous rules No access
          1. 1. Specific exception clauses relating to non-discriminatory provisions No access
          2. 2. Public policy considerations and the ‘like circumstances’ requirement No access
          1. 1. Direct expropriations No access
            1. (a) ‘Sole effects doctrine’ No access
            2. (b) Police powers doctrine No access
            3. (c) State’s right to regulate – margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality No access
            4. (d) The interpretative impact of extraneous rules according to the different doctrines No access
          3. 3. Lawfulness No access
            1. Case facts and investor claims No access
            2. The international law context of the dispute No access
            3. The arguments made by Egypt and SPP No access
            4. The tribunal’s decision No access
          1. 1. ‘A stable legal and business framework’ No access
          2. 2. Legitimate expectations subject to qualifying requirements No access
        5. V. Conclusion No access
      4. D. Norm conflict avoidance by harmonious interpretation in international investment law No access
      5. E. Conclusion No access
  6. Conclusion No access 457 - 462
  7. Table of treaties and legal documents No access 463 - 472
  8. Table of cases No access 473 - 492
  9. Bibliography No access 493 - 511

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