Cover des Buchs: Wahlkampffinanzierung und Demokratie in den USA
Im Shop erwerben
, um zu prüfen, ob Sie einen Vollzugriff auf diese Publikation haben.
Monographie Kein Zugriff

Wahlkampffinanzierung und Demokratie in den USA

Autor:innen:
Reihe:
Neue Amerika-Studien, Band 5
Verlag:
 2020

Zusammenfassung

US-Wahlkämpfe verschlingen seit jeher enorme Summen an Spendengeldern. Doch als das höchste Gericht der USA im Jahr 2010 entschied, dass Spendenverbote für Unternehmen, Interessengruppen sowie Einzelpersonen verfassungswidrig seien, markierte dies nichts weniger als eine Zäsur im Politikfeld der Wahlkampffinanzierung.

Aber welche Auswirkungen haben unbegrenzte Wahlkampfspenden: Lassen sich Wahlen, wie oft behauptet, kaufen und gewinnt demnach stets derjenige Kandidat mit dem meisten Geld? Welche Auswirkungen haben milliardenschwere Wahlkämpfe auf Vertrauen und Partizipation der Bürger, gleichwohl aber auch auf das generelle Funktionieren des politischen Systems?

Diesen und weiteren Fragen wird im vorliegenden Band insbesondere mit Hilfe quantitativ-empirischer Methoden nachgegangen. Es zeigt sich, dass Geld eine wahlvoraussetzende, nicht aber zwangsläufig wahlentscheidende Rolle zukommt. Indes unterminieren Spendengelder jedoch auch andernorts die Funktionsfähigkeit der US-Demokratie.

Publikation durchsuchen

Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr
2020
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-6141-8
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-0264-5
Verlag
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe
Neue Amerika-Studien
Band
5
Sprache
Deutsch
Seiten
744
Produkttyp
Monographie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Kein Zugriff 1 - 24
    1. 1.1 The Golden Age Kein Zugriff
      1. Der Wahlkampf von 1896 Kein Zugriff
    3. 1.3 A New Gilded Age? Kein Zugriff
    1. 2.1 Forschungsgegenstand, Fragestellung(en) und Ziel der Untersuchung Kein Zugriff
    2. 2.2 Methodisches Vorgehen und Datengrundlage Kein Zugriff
    3. 2.3 Aufbau der Untersuchung Kein Zugriff
    4. 2.4 Forschungsrelevanz Kein Zugriff
    5. 2.5 Forschungsstand Kein Zugriff
    6. 2.6 Grundpositionen der Untersuchung Kein Zugriff
    1. 3.1 Zugänge zur vexata quaestio Wahlkampffinanzierung Kein Zugriff
      1. 3.2.1 Phase der bruchstückhaften Regulierung (1896-1971) Kein Zugriff
      2. 3.2.2 Phase umfassender Regulierung (1971-2010) Kein Zugriff
      3. 3.2.3 Phase weitestgehender Deregulierung (2010 - ?) Kein Zugriff
    1. 4.1 Administrative Kosten Kein Zugriff
    2. 4.2 Strategische Kosten Kein Zugriff
    3. 4.3 Medial-werbende Kosten Kein Zugriff
      1. 5.1.1 Generelle Kostenentwicklungen von US-Wahlkämpfen Kein Zugriff
      2. 5.1.2 Kostenentwicklung auf Präsidentschaftsebene Kein Zugriff
      3. 5.1.3 Kostenentwicklung auf Kongressebene Kein Zugriff
      1. 5.2.1 Wege der monetären Beeinflussung von Wahlen Kein Zugriff
        1. 5.2.2.1 Inkommensurabilitätsproblem Kein Zugriff
        2. 5.2.2.2 Simultanitätsproblem Kein Zugriff
        3. 5.2.2.3 Amtsinhabervorteil Kein Zugriff
        4. 5.2.2.4 Medienbezogene Messprobleme: Backlash-, Decay- & Shakedown-Effekt Kein Zugriff
        1. 5.2.3.1 Elektorales Erklärungsmodell (VCM) Kein Zugriff
        2. 5.2.3.2 Grenzwerteffekte von Wahlkampfspenden: Threshold Effect Kein Zugriff
          1. Vorwahlen 2012 Kein Zugriff
          2. Vorwahlen 2016 Kein Zugriff
          1. Hauptwahl 2012 Kein Zugriff
          2. Hauptwahl 2016 Kein Zugriff
          3. Wahlkampfausgaben und Wahlerfolg in historischer Perspektive (1960-2016) Kein Zugriff
        1. 5.3.2.1 Forschungsergebnisse vor Citizens United Kein Zugriff
        2. 5.3.2.2 Forschungsergebnisse nach Citizens United Kein Zugriff
        3. 5.3.2.3 Self-Funding Candidates Kein Zugriff
        1. Outside Spending Kein Zugriff
        2. Wahlerfolg = f (Wahlkampfspenden) Kein Zugriff
        1. Fallauswahl Kein Zugriff
        1. Finaler Datensatz Kein Zugriff
        1. Zwischenfazit: Wahlerfolg = f (Wahlkampfspenden + UV1 + UV2 + UV3 + … UVn) Kein Zugriff
      1. 6.1.1 Gerrymandering: When you draw the lines, you make the rules Kein Zugriff
      2. 6.1.2 Polarisierung Kein Zugriff
      1. 6.2.1 Permanent Campaigning Kein Zugriff
      2. 6.2.2 Die informelle Macht von Wahlkampfspenden: Preemptive Obedience Kein Zugriff
      1. 6.3.1 The Disappearing Small Donor? Kein Zugriff
      2. 6.3.2 Sinkende Wahlbeteiligung Kein Zugriff
    4. 6.4. Responsive Folgen: The Translation of Economic Power into Political Power Kein Zugriff
    5. 6.5 Konfidenzebene: Unzufriedenheit und Vertrauensverlust Kein Zugriff
    6. 6.6 Normative Ebene Kein Zugriff
  8. 7. Epilog: The Second Gilded Age – Government of the rich, by the rich and for the rich, again Kein Zugriff 632 - 644
    1. Anhang 1: The Multi Stage Explanatory Model Kein Zugriff
    2. Anhang 2(1): Korrelationsmatrizen Wahlkampfausgaben & RCP-A (Obama) Kein Zugriff
    3. Anhang 2(2): Korrelationsmatrizen Wahlkampfausgaben & RCP-A (Romney) Kein Zugriff
    4. Anhang 3(1): Korrelationsmatrizen Wahlkampfausgaben & RCP-A (Clinton) Kein Zugriff
    5. Anhang 3(2): Korrelationsmatrizen Wahlkampfausgaben & RCP-A (Trump) Kein Zugriff
    6. Anhang 4: Entwicklung der Wahlkampfkosten von Präsidentschaftswahlkampagnen Kein Zugriff
    7. Anhang 5: Codebuch des SLE-Datensatzes (inkl. Anzahl der Beobachtungen) Kein Zugriff
    8. Anhang 6(1): Outside Spending nach Kontroll- und Experimentalgruppe (Senat) (angegeben als Median und arithmetisches Mittel) Kein Zugriff
    9. Anhang 6(2): Outside Spending nach Kontroll- und Experimentalgruppe (HoR) (angegeben als Median und arithmetisches Mittel) Kein Zugriff
    10. Anhang 7: Entwicklung des Supporting Outside Spending in State Senate Races Kein Zugriff
    11. Anhang 8(1): Entwicklung des Supporting Outside Spending nach Partei (Senat) Kein Zugriff
    12. Anhang 8(2): Entwicklung des Supporting Outside Spending nach Partei (HoR) Kein Zugriff
    13. Anhang 9(1): Entwicklung des Opposing Outside Spending nach Partei (Senat) Kein Zugriff
    14. Anhang 9(2): Entwicklung des Opposing Outside Spending nach Partei (HoR) Kein Zugriff
    15. Anhang 10: Häufigkeit von Third Party Candidates Kein Zugriff
    16. Anhang 11: Wiederwahlquoten auf State Legislature Ebene Kein Zugriff
    17. Anhang 12: R²-Wert-Differenzen basierend auf Tabelle 20 Kein Zugriff
    18. Anhang 13(1): Entwicklung der Wahlbeteiligung bei Präsidentschaftswahlkämpfen Kein Zugriff
    19. Anhang 13(2): Entwicklung der Wahlbeteiligung bei Midterm Elections Kein Zugriff
    20. Anhang 14: Transkription der CREDO-Anschreiben (Kalla/Broockman-Studie) Kein Zugriff
    21. Anhang 14(2): CREDO-Anschreiben (Constituent Condition) Kein Zugriff
  10. Literaturverzeichnis Kein Zugriff 677 - 744

Literaturverzeichnis (898)

  1. ABRAMOWITZ, Alan I. (1988): Explaining Senate Election Outcomes, in: American Political Science Review, Jg. 82, H. 2, S. 385–403. Google Scholar öffnen
  2. ABRAMOWITZ, Alan I. (1989): Campaign Spending in U.S. Senate Elections, in: Legislative Studies Quarterly, Jg. 14, H. 4, S. 487–507. Google Scholar öffnen
  3. ABRAMOWITZ, Alan I. (1991): Incumbency, Campaign Spending, and the Decline of Competition in U.S. House Elections, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 34–56. Google Scholar öffnen
  4. ABRAMOWITZ, Alan I. (2010): The Disappearing Center. Engaged Citizens, Polarization, and American Democracy, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  5. ABRAMOWITZ, Alan I. (2013): What If the Pundits Are Right After All? A Reply on Polarization and Sorting, in: The Atlantic vom 04.03.2013, online verfügbar unter <https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/03/what-if-the-pundits-are-right-after-all-a-reply-on-polarization-and-sorting/273690/>, zuletzt geprüft am 11.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  6. ABRAMOWITZ, Alan I./ ALEXANDER, Brad/ GUNNING, Matthew (2006): Incumbency, Redistricting, and the Decline of Competition in U.S. House Elections, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 68, H. 1, S. 75–88. Google Scholar öffnen
  7. ACKERET, Markus (2014): Proteste in Hongkong. Das andere China meldet sich, in: Neue Zürcher Zeitung vom 26.09.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nzz.ch/international/asien-und-pazifik/das-andere-china-1.18391043>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  8. ALEXANDER, Brad (2005): Good Money and Bad Money. Do Funding Sources Affect Electoral Outcomes, in: Political Research Quarterly, Jg. 58, H. 2, S. 353–358. Google Scholar öffnen
  9. ALEXANDER, Herbert (1972): Money in Politics, Washington, DC: Public Affairs Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  10. ALEXANDER, Herbert (1976): Financing Politics. Money, Elections, and Political Reforms, Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  11. ALEXANDER, Herbert (1976): Financing the 1972 Election, Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  12. ALLISON, Bill (2016): Millions From Maxed-Out Clinton Donors Flowed Through Loophole, in: Bloomberg News vom 26.08.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/graphics/2016-dnc-contributions/>, zuletzt geprüft am 21.05.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  13. ALMOND, Gabriel A./ VERBA, Sidney (1963): The Civic Culture. Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  14. ALTSCHULER, Bruce E. (2008): Learning the Art of Policy Management, in: Watson, Robert W. (Hg.): White House Studies Compendium, New York: Nova Science Publishers (5), S. 163–182. Google Scholar öffnen
  15. AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY (2012): External Political Efficacy Index 1952-2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.electionstudies.org/nesguide/toptable/tab5b_4.htm>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  16. ANDERHEIDEN, Michael (2003): Rawls, John, in: Rehfus, Wulff D. (Hg.): Handwörterbuch Philosophie, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, S. 581. Google Scholar öffnen
  17. ANSOLABEHERE, Stephen/ FIGUEIREDO, John M. de/ SNYDER JR., James (2003): Why is There so Little Money in U.S. Politics, in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, Jg. 17, H. 1, S. 105–130. Google Scholar öffnen
  18. ANSOLABEHERE, Stephen/ GERBER, Alan (1994): The Mismeasure of Campaign Spending. Evidence from the 1990 U.S. House Elections, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 1106–1118. Google Scholar öffnen
  19. ANSOLABEHERE, Stephen/ IYENGAR, Shanto (1997): Going Negative. How Political Advertisements Shrink & Polarize the Electorate, New York: The Free Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  20. APPLEBOME, Peter (2012): Personal Cost for 2 Senate Bids: $100 Million, in: The New York Times vom 02.11.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/03/nyregion/linda-e-mcmahon-has-spent-nearly-100-million-in-senate-races.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  21. ARCENEAUX, Kevin/ BRACE, Paul/ JOHNSON, Martin/ ULBIG, Stacy C. (2004): Does State Political Ideology Change over Time?, in: Political Research Quarterly, Jg. 57, H. 4, S. 529–540. Google Scholar öffnen
  22. ARKEDIS, Jim (2014): Time is Money: How to Fix Outrageous Political Spending, in: The Daily Beast vom 11.03.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/11/03/time-is-money-how-to-fix-outrageous-political-spending.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  23. ARZHEIMER, Kai/ EVANS, Jocelyn/ LEWIS-BECK, Michael (Hg.) (2017): The SAGE Handbook of Electoral Behaviour, 2. Aufl., Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar öffnen
  24. AVALIKTOS, Neal (Hg.) (2004): The Election Process Revisited, Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers. Google Scholar öffnen
  25. AVENT, Ryan (2011): Government of the rich, by the rich, for the rich. Why is policy so responsive to the preferences of the wealthy?, in: The Economist vom 17.02.2011, online verfügbar unter <https://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2011/02/political_economy>, zuletzt geprüft am 01.12.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  26. BABB, Drew (2014): LBJ’s 1964 attack ad ‘Daisy’ leaves a legacy for modern campaigns, in: The Washington Post vom 05.09.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/lbjs-1964-attack-ad-daisy-leaves-a-legacy-for-modern-campaigns/2014/09/05/d00e66b0-33b4-11e4-9e92-0899b306bbea_story.html?utm_term=.4672e5975d27>, zuletzt geprüft am 31.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  27. BADE, Rachel (2016): Freedom Caucus opposes GOP's Obamacare replacement plan. A three-year phaseout 'will meet with major resistance,' said the group's incoming leader, Rep. Mark Meadows, in: Politico vom 05.12.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/obamacare-replacement-freedom-caucus-gop-232215>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  28. BADIE, Bertrand/ BERG-SCHLOSSER Dirk/ MORLINO, Leonardo (Hg.) (2011): International Encyclopedia of Political Science (7), Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar öffnen
  29. BAI, Matt (2012): How Much Has Citizens United Changed the Political Game?, in: The New York Times vom 17.07.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/22/magazine/how-much-has-citizens-united-changed-the-political-game.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  30. BAKER, Peter (2010): Obama Ratchets Up Tone Against G.O.P., in: The New York Times vom 10.10.2010, A11. Google Scholar öffnen
  31. BALCERZAK, Ashley (2016): Where the money came from, not how much, mattered in the presidential race, Center for Responsive Politics, Open Secrets Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2016/11/where-the-money-came-from-not-how-much-mattered-in-the-presidential-race/>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  32. BALCH, George I. (1974): Multiple Indicators in Survey Research: The Concept "Sense of Political Efficacy", in: Political Methodology, Jg. 1, H. 2, S. 1–43. Google Scholar öffnen
  33. BANERJEE, Neela (2012): Romney ad features miners allegedly forced to attend rally, in: Los Angeles Times vom 19.09.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://articles.latimes.com/2012/sep/19/news/la-pn-romney-ad-miners-rally-20120919>, zuletzt geprüft am 25.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  34. BARBER, Michael (2015): Ideological Donors, Contribution Limits, and the Polarization of American Legislatures, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 78, H. 1, S. 296–310. Google Scholar öffnen
  35. BARBER, Michael/ MCCARTY, Nolan (2015): Causes and Consequences of Polarization, in: Persily, Nathaniel (Hg.): Solutions to Political Polarization in America, New York: Cambridge University Press, S. 19-58. Google Scholar öffnen
  36. BARNES, Robert (2009): 'Hillary: The Movie' to Get Supreme Court Screening, in: The Washington Post vom 15.03.2009, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/14/AR2009031401603.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  37. BARRETT, Mark (2017): Meadows mingles with Koch brothers, billionaire GOP donors, in: USA Today vom 30.06.2017, online verfügbar unter <https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2017/06/30/meadows-mingles-koch-brothers-billionaire-gop-donors/440580001/>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  38. BARTELS, Larry M. (1991): Instrumental and "Quasi-Instrumental" Variables, in: American Journal of Political Science, Jg. 35, H. 3, S. 777–800. Google Scholar öffnen
  39. BARTELS, Larry M. (2008): Unequal Democracy. The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  40. BAUM, Laura (2012): Obama Dominates Advertising in Key States, Wesleyan Media Project, Political Advertising Analysis Blog, online verfügbar unter <http://mediaproject.wesleyan.edu/releases/obama-dominates-ads-in-key-states/>, zuletzt geprüft am 11.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  41. BAUMGARTNER, Frank J./ BERRY, Jeffrey M./ HOJNACKI, Marie/ KIMBALL, David C./ LEECH, Beth L. (2009): Lobbying and Policy Change. Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why, Chicago/ London: The University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  42. BEATTY, Jack (2007): A Sisyphean History of Campaign Finance Reform, in: The Atlantic, July Issue, online verfügbar unter <http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2007/07/a-sisyphean-history-of-campaign-finance-reform/306066/>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.01.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  43. BEATTY, Jack (2007): Age of Betrayal. The Triumph of Money in America, 1865-1900, New York, NY: Vintage Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  44. BEATTY, Jack/ Bacon, Katie (2007): The Dark Side of the Gilded Age, in: The Atlantic, June Issue, online verfügbar unter <https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2007/06/the-dark-side-of-the-gilded-age/306012/>, zuletzt geprüft am 04.03.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  45. BENNETT, James (2012): The New Price of American Politics, in: The Atlantic, October Issue, online verfügbar unter <https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/10/the/309086/>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  46. BENSEL, Richard Franklin (2008): Passion and Preferences. William Jennings Bryan and the 1896 Democratic National Convention, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  47. BENSON, Eric/ TARTAR, Andre (2012): The Forever Campaign, in: New York Magazine vom 14.10.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://nymag.com/news/politics/elections-2012/timeline-2012-10/>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  48. BERENS, Charlyne (2013): One House. The Unicameral's Progressive Vision for Nebraska, 2. Aufl., Lincoln, NE/ London: University of Nebraska Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  49. BERENSON, Tessa (2014): Here Are 5 of The Most Dishonest Political Ads of 2014, in: TIME Magazine vom 06.10.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://time.com/3475006/dishonest-political-campaign-ads-2014/>, zuletzt geprüft am 25.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  50. BERMAN, Ari (2012): The.000063 Percent Election, in: The Nation vom 16.02.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.thenation.com/article/000063-percent-election/>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  51. BERMAN, Ari (2015): Give Us the Ballot: The Modern Struggle for Voting Rights in America, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Google Scholar öffnen
  52. BERNSTEIN, Carl/ WOODWARD, Bob (1974): All The President's Men, New York: Simon & Schuster. Google Scholar öffnen
  53. BEST, Henning/ WOLF, Christof (Hg.) (2010): Handbuch der sozialwissenschaftlichen Datenanalyse, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Google Scholar öffnen
  54. BEST, Henning/ WOLF, Christof (2010): Lineare Regressionsanalyse, in: Best, Henning/ Wolf, Christof (Hg.): Handbuch der sozialwissenschaftlichen Datenanalyse, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, S. 607–638. Google Scholar öffnen
  55. BEST, Henning/ WOLF, Christof (2010): Logistische Regression, in: Best, Henning/ Wolf, Christof (Hg.): Handbuch der sozialwissenschaftlichen Datenanalyse, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, S. 827–854. Google Scholar öffnen
  56. BEVIER, Lillian: Citizens United Vindicates Fundamental First Amendment Principles, in: UVA Lawyer vom, S. 33–34, online verfügbar unter <http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/alumni/uvalawyer/spr12/citizens.htm>, zuletzt geprüft am 31.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  57. BHATTARAI, Abha (2016): Trump taps wrestling executive to lead Small Business Administration, in: The Washington Post vom 07.12.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-taps-wrestling-executive-to-lead-small-business-administration/2016/12/07/3b53e72c-bcc7-11e6-94ac-3d324840106c_story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  58. BIERSACK Bob (2016): Team Blue routing Team Red in presidential fundraising, unlike 2012, Open Secrets Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2016/09/team-blue-routing-team-red-in-presidential-fundraising-unlike-2012/>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.02.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  59. BLAIS, André/ FORUNIER, Patrick/ NADEAU, Richard/ GIDENGIL, Elisabeth/ NEVITTE, Neil (2003): Issue Importance and Performance Voting, in: Political Behavior, Jg. 25, H. 1, S. 51–67. Google Scholar öffnen
  60. BLAIS, André/ GIDENGIL, Elisabeth/ NADEAU, Richard/ NEVITTE, Neil (2002): Anatomy of a Liberal Victory. Making Sense of the Vote in the 2000 Canadian Election, Peterborough: Broadview Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  61. BLAKE, Aaron (2015): The most interesting political stat of the day, in: The Washington Post vom 18.02.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/02/18/the-most-interesting-political-stat-of-the-day/>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.02.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  62. BLASI, Vincent (1994): Free Speech and the Widening Gyre of Fund-Raising: Why Campaign Spending Limits May Not Violate the First Amendment after All, in: Columbia Law Review, Jg. 94, H. 4, S. 1281–1325. Google Scholar öffnen
  63. BLASIO, Bill de (2010): Citizens United and the 2010 Midterm Elections, New York, Office of the Public Advocate for the City of New York, online verfügbar unter <http://archive.advocate.nyc.gov/news/2010-12-10/citizens-united-and-2010-midterm-elections-0>, zuletzt geprüft am 04.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  64. BLAU, Judith/ MONCADA, Alberto (2006): Justice in the United States, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Google Scholar öffnen
  65. BLUMENTHAL, Paul (2012): Newt Gingrich South Carolina Surge Boosted By Super PAC Spending Spree, in: The Huffington Post vom 20.01.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/20/newt-gingrich-south-carolina-super-pac-spending_n_1219093.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 16.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  66. BLUMENTHAL, Paul (2015): Maine Voters Hope To Restore Their Revolutionary Election System. Until a few years ago, teachers, waitresses and firefighters could run for office in Maine - and win., in: The Huffington Post vom 04.09.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/maine-campaign-finance-reform_us_55e8bf3be4b093be51bafa2e>, zuletzt geprüft am 25.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  67. BLUMENTHAL, Paul (2015): How Super PACs And Campaigns Are Coordinating In 2016. Efforts to circumvent the coordination ban have grown more aggressive, in: The Huffington Post vom 14.11.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/super-pac-coordination_56463f85e4b045bf3def0273>, zuletzt geprüft am 20.11.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  68. BLUMENTHAL, Paul (2016): On Campaign Finance, Republicans and Democrats Could Not Be Further Apart. The Republican platform calls for more money in politics, in: The Huffington Post vom 19.07.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/2016-campaign-finance-reform_us_578e67abe4b04ca54ebef3bf>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  69. BLUMENTHAL, Sidney (1980): The Permanent Campaign. Inside the World of Elite Political Operatives, New York: Beacon Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  70. BOATRIGHT, Robert G. (Hg.) (2015): The Deregulatory Moment. A Comparative Perspective on Changing Campaign Finance Laws, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  71. BOATRIGHT, Robert G./ MALBIN, Michael J./ GLAVIN, Brendan (2016): Independent Expenditures in Congressional Primaries after Citizens United, in: Interests Group & Advocacy, Jg. 5, H. 2, S. 119–140. Google Scholar öffnen
  72. BOBIC, Igor (2014): Mark Begich Pulls Controversial Ad About GOP Challenger Dan Sullivan, in: Huffington Post vom 02.09.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/02/mark-begich-sullivan-ad_n_5754074.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 25.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  73. BONICA, Adam (2011): Small Donors and Polarization, in: Boston Review vom 22.07.2011, online verfügbar unter <http://bostonreview.net/bonica-small-donors-polarization>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.02.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  74. BONICA, Adam (2013): Ideology and Interests in the Political Marketplace, in: American Journal of Political Science, Jg. 57, H. 2, S. 294–311. Google Scholar öffnen
  75. BONICA, Adam (2014): Mapping the Ideological Marketplace, in: American Journal of Political Science, Jg. 58, H. 2, S. 367–386. Google Scholar öffnen
  76. BONICA, Adam/ MCCARTY, Nolan/ POOLE, Keith T./ ROSENTHAL, Howard (2013): Why Hasn’t Democracy Slowed Rising Inequality?, in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, Jg. 27, H. 3, S. 103–124. Google Scholar öffnen
  77. BOWLER, Shaun/ DONOVAN, Todd (2016): Campaign Money, Congress, and Perceptions of Corruption, in: American Politics Research, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 272–295. Google Scholar öffnen
  78. BOWMAN, Ann O'M./ KEARNEY, Richard C. (2015): State and local government. The essentials, Sixth edition, Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Google Scholar öffnen
  79. BOYER, Paul S. (Hg.) (2001): The Oxford Companion to United States History, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  80. BRADY, Henry E./ JOHNSTON, Richard (Hg.) (2006): Capturing Campaign Effects, Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  81. BRADY, Henry E./ VERBA, Sidney/ SCHLOZMAN, Kay Lehman (1995): Beyond SES. A Resource Model of Political Participation, in: American Political Science Review, Jg. 89, H. 2, S. 271–294. Google Scholar öffnen
  82. BREAUX, David A./ GIERZYNSKI, Anthony (1991): "It's Money That Matters": Campaign Expenditures and State Legislative Primaries, in: Legislative Studies Quarterly, Jg. 16, H. 3, S. 429–443. Google Scholar öffnen
  83. BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE (2012): National Survey: Super PACs, Corruption, and Democracy. Americans’ attitudes about the influence of Super PAC spending on government and the implications for our democracy., online verfügbar unter <https://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/national-survey-super-pacs-corruption-and-democracy>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  84. BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE (2016): A Civil Rights Perspective on Money in Politics, New York University School of Law, online verfügbar unter <https://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/civil-rights-perspective-money-politics>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  85. BRIFFAULT, Richard (2011): Corporations, Corruption, and Complexity: Campaign Finance after Citizens United, in: Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy, Jg. 20, H. 3, S. 643–671. Google Scholar öffnen
  86. BROWN, Adam R. (2013): Does Money Buy Votes? The Case of Self-Financed Gubernatorial Candidates, 1998-2008, in: Political Behavior, Jg. 35, H. 1, S. 21–41. Google Scholar öffnen
  87. BROWN, Heath (2016): Pay-to-Play Politics. How Money Defines the American Democracy, Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. Google Scholar öffnen
  88. BRUDNICK, Ida A. (2016): Congressional Salaries and Allowances. In Brief, Congressional Research Service. Google Scholar öffnen
  89. BRUNNER, Wolfram (2002): Wahlkampf in den USA V: Finanzierung, Organisation, Planung, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, Sankt Augustin, Wahlen Arbeitspapiere, 57. Google Scholar öffnen
  90. BRYRNER, Sarah (2016): Most congressional contests not contests at all, Open Secrets Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2016/08/spoiler-most-congressional-contests-not-contests-at-all/>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  91. BUNGE, Mario (2009): Political Philosophy. Fact, Fiction, and Vision, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Google Scholar öffnen
  92. BURGER, Harald/ BUHOFER, Annelies/ SIALM, Ambros (1982): Handbuch der Phraseologie, Berlin: De Gruyter. Google Scholar öffnen
  93. BURKE, Thomas F. (1997): The Concept of Corruption in Campaign Finance Law, in: Constitutional Commentary, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 127–149. Google Scholar öffnen
  94. CABRERA, Felipe/ LUCKERSON, Victor (2012): The Money Spent. What fueled the priciest election in U.S. History, in: TIME Magazine vom 07.11.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://swampland.time.com/2012/11/07/the-numbers-election-2012/>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  95. CAIN, Bruce E. (1995): Moralism and Realism in Campaign Finance, in: The University of Chicago Legal Forum, Jg. 11, H. 1, S. 111–140. Google Scholar öffnen
  96. CAIN, Bruce E. (2015): Democracy More or Less. America's Political Reform Quandry, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press (Cambridge Studies in Electoral Law and Democracy). Google Scholar öffnen
  97. CALDEIRA, Gregory A./ PATTERSON, Samuel C. (1982): Bring Home the Votes. Electoral Outcomes in State Legislative Races, in: Political Behavior, Jg. 4, H. 1, S. 33–67. Google Scholar öffnen
  98. CALHOUN, Charles W. (Hg.) (1996): The Gilded Age. Essays on the Origins of Modern America, Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  99. CALHOUN, Charles W. (1999): Moving beyond Stereotypes of the Gilded Age, in: Organization of American Historians Magazine of History, Jg. 13, H. 4, S. 3–4. Google Scholar öffnen
  100. CAMPBELL, Angus/ CONVERSE, Philip E./ MILLER, Warren E./ STOKES, Donald E. (1960): The American Voter, Chicago/ London: The University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  101. CAMPBELL, Angus/ CONVERSE, Philip E./ MILLER, Warren E./ STOKES, Donald E. (Hg.) (1966): Elections and the political order, New York: Wiley. Google Scholar öffnen
  102. CAMPBELL, Angus/ GURIN, Gerald/ MILLER, Warren E. (1954): The voter decides, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  103. CAMPBELL, James E. (2010): The Midterm Landslide of 2010: A Triple Wave Election, in: The Forum, Jg. 8, H. 4, S. 1–17. Google Scholar öffnen
  104. CAMPBELL, James E./ ALFORD, John R./ HENRY, Keith (1984): Television Markets and Congressional Elections, in: Legislative Studies Quarterly, Jg. 9, H. 4, S. 665–678. Google Scholar öffnen
  105. CARNEY, Eliza Newlin (2016): Political Money: New Best-Selling Book Genre?, in: The American Prospect vom 28.01.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://prospect.org/article/political-money-new-best-selling-book-genre>, zuletzt geprüft am 30.01.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  106. CARNEY, Eliza Newlin (2016): Does Big Money Still Matter? You Bet It Does. It takes more than a super PAC to win the White House, but big campaign contributions wield growing influence in congressional, state, and local contests, and continue to sway policy-making, in: The American Prospect vom 04.02.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://prospect.org/article/does-big-money-still-matter-you-bet-it-does>, zuletzt geprüft am 09.02.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  107. CAYTON, Andrew (2016): Why Ohio? Ohio is a likely bellwether of the outcome of 2016. Its history explains why, in: The American Interest vom 08.09.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.the-american-interest.com/2016/09/08/why-ohio/>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  108. CBS CHICAGO (2012): He's The 'Milk Dud' No More: Oberweis Wins State Senate Seat, in: CBS Chicago vom 07.11.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2012/11/07/hes-the-milk-dud-no-more-oberweis-wins-state-senate-seat/>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  109. CENTER FOR RESPONSIVE POLITICS (2016): 2016 Presidential Race, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  110. CENTER FOR RESPONSIVE POLITICS (2017): 527 Basics, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/527s/basics.php>, zuletzt geprüft am 11.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  111. CENTER FOR RESPONSIVE POLITICS (2008): Money Wins Presidency and 9 of 10 Congressional Races in Priciest U.S. Election Ever, Open Secrets Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2008/11/money-wins-white-house-and/>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  112. CENTER FOR RESPONSIVE POLITICS (2010): 2010 Outside Spending, by Super PAC, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/summ.php?cycle=2010&chrt=V&disp=O&type=S>, zuletzt geprüft am 03.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  113. CENTER FOR RESPONSIVE POLITICS (2012): 2012 Presidential Race Expenditures, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/pres12/expenditures.php>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  114. CENTER FOR RESPONSIVE POLITICS (2014): Donor Demographics, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/overview/donordemographics.php?cycle=2014&filter=A>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  115. CENTER FOR RESPONSIVE POLITICS (2016): Outside Spending, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/index.php>, zuletzt geprüft am 03.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  116. CENTER FOR RESPONSIVE POLITICS (2016): Reelection Rates Over the Years, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/overview/reelect.php>, zuletzt geprüft am 20.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  117. CHADDOCK, Gail R. (2012): How super PACs are changing the GOP presidential race, in: The Christian Science Monitor vom 06.02.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2012/0206/How-super-PACs-are-changing-the-GOP-presidential-race>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  118. CHIANG, Lulu/ HOENEMEYER, Lauren (2017): Public trust in institutions sinks to record low, in: CBS News vom 15.01.2017, online verfügbar unter <https://www.cbsnews.com/news/davos-world-economic-forum-public-trust-in-institutions-at-record-low-media-government-business/>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  119. CHICAGO TRIBUNE EDITORIAL BOARD (2017): Editorial: Gerrymandering heads to the U.S. Supreme Court. Will Madigan map-making survive?, in: Chicago Tribune vom 27.05.2017, online verfügbar unter <http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/editorials/ct-gerrymander-supreme-court-wisconsin-edit-0528-jm-20170527-story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  120. CIALDING, Robert B. (2010): Influence. Science and practice, 5. Aufl., Boston, MA: Pearson. Google Scholar öffnen
  121. CITIZENS UNITED (2017): Who We Are, online verfügbar unter <http://www.citizensunited.org/who-we-are.aspx>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  122. CLANCY, Adam (2012): Nasty, Brutish and Long. Newt Gingrich and the Future of Primary Campaigns, in: The American Interest vom 09.04.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.the-american-interest.com/2012/04/09/nasty-brutish-and-long/>, zuletzt geprüft am 12.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  123. CLAYTON, Cornell W./ SALAMONE, Michael F. (2014): Still Crazy after All These Years. The Polarized Politics of the Roberts Court Continue, in: The Forum, Jg. 12, H. 4, S. 739–762. Google Scholar öffnen
  124. CLINE, Seth (2012): Supreme Court Re-Affirms Citizens United, in: U.S. News & World Report vom 25.06.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/06/25/supreme-court-re-affirms-citizens-united>, zuletzt geprüft am 22.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  125. CLINTON, Joshua D./ LAPINSKI, John S. (2004): “Targeted” Advertising and Voter Turnout. An Experimental Study of the 2000 Presidential Election, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 66, H. 1, S. 69–96. Google Scholar öffnen
  126. COATES IV, John C. (2012): Corporate Politics, Governance, and Value Before and After Citizens United, in: Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, Jg. 9, H. 4, S. 657–696. Google Scholar öffnen
  127. COHEN, Ronnie/ O'BYRNE, Shannon (2013): "Can You Hear Me Now…Good!" Feminism(s), the Public/Private Divide, and Citizens United v. FEC, in: UCLA Women's Law Journal, Jg. 20, H. 1, S. 39–70. Google Scholar öffnen
  128. COHN, Jonathan (2014): It's Official: One Koch Brother Equals 515,000 Union Members, in: The New Republic vom 11.03.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://newrepublic.com/article/116961/comparing-koch-brothers-influence-labor>, zuletzt geprüft am 02.11.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  129. COLEMAN, Kevin J./ CANTOR, Joseph E./ NEALE, Thomas H. (2004): Presidential Elections in the United States: A Primer, in: Avaliktos, Neal (Hg.): The Election Process Revisited, Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, S. 191–234. Google Scholar öffnen
  130. COLLINS, Eliza (2015): 7 things Trump said that would have destroyed other Republicans, in: Politico vom 07.08.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.eu/article/7-things-trump-said-that-would-have-destroyed-other-republicans/>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  131. COLLINS, Eliza (2016): Poll: Clinton, Trump most unfavorable candidates ever, in: USA Today vom 31.08.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/08/31/poll-clinton-trump-most-unfavorable-candidates-ever/89644296/>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  132. COMMON CAUSE (2015): Whose Government? Whose Voice?, Common Cause, Washington, D.C., online verfügbar unter <http://www.commoncause.org/research-reports/whose-government-whose-voice/whose-government-whose-voice.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.06.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  133. CONDON, Stephanie (2012): Why is Congress a millionaires club?, in: CBS News vom 27.03.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.cbsnews.com/news/why-is-congress-a-millionaires-club/>, zuletzt geprüft am 22.01.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  134. CONFESSORE, Nicholas (2015): Koch Brothers’ Budget of $889 Million for 2016 Is on Par With Both Parties’ Spending, in: The New York Times vom 26.01.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/27/us/politics/kochs-plan-to-spend-900-million-on-2016-campaign.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  135. CONFESSORE, Nicholas (2015): G.O.P. Consultant Pleads Guilty in PAC Case, in: The New York Times vom 12.02.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/13/us/politics/political-consultant-pleads-guilty-in-coordination-case.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  136. CONFESSORE, Nicholas/ BIGOOD, Jess (2012): Little to Show for Cash Flood by Big Donors, in: The New York Times vom 07.11.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/us/politics/little-to-show-for-cash-flood-by-big-donors.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  137. CONFESSORE, Nicholas/ COHEN, Sarah/ YOURISH, Karen (2015): Just 158 families have provided nearly half of the early money for efforts to capture the White House, in: The New York Times vom 10.10.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/10/11/us/politics/2016-presidential-election-super-pac-donors.html?_r=0>, zuletzt geprüft am 11.10.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  138. CONFESSORE, Nicholas/ LIPTON, Eric (2012): A Big Check, and Gingrich Gets a Big Lift, in: The New York Times vom 09.01.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/10/us/politics/sheldon-adelson-a-billionaire-gives-gingrich-a-big-lift.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.07.2012. Google Scholar öffnen
  139. CONFESSORE, Nicholas/ SHOREY, Rachel (2016): Money Flows Down Ballot as Donald Trump Is Abandoned by Big Donors (Even Himself), in: The New York Times vom 27.10.2016, A16. Google Scholar öffnen
  140. CONFESSORE, Nicholas/ THEE-BRENAN, Megan (2015): Poll Shows Americans Favor an Overhaul of Campaign Financing, in: The New York Times vom, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/03/us/politics/poll-shows-americans-favor-overhaul-of-campaign-financing.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  141. CONFESSORE, Nicholas/ YOURISH, Karen (2016): $2 Billion Worth of Free Media for Donald Trump, in: The New York Times vom 15.03.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/upshot/measuring-donald-trumps-mammoth-advantage-in-free-media.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  142. CORASANITI, Nick: At Many Carly Fiorina Events, Her ‘Super PAC’ Covers the Costs, in: The New York Times vom, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/10/21/at-many-carly-fiorina-events-her-super-pac-covers-the-costs/>, zuletzt geprüft am 22.10.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  143. CORASANITI, Nick (2015): Carly Fiorina’s ‘Super PAC’ Aids Her Campaign, in Plain Sight, in: The New York Times vom 01.10.2015, A21. Google Scholar öffnen
  144. CORASANITI, Nick (2017): Robert Menendez Personally Lobbied for Visas, Former Aide Testifies, in: The New York Times vom 11.09.2017, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/11/nyregion/robert-menendez-corruption-trial-visas.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  145. CORRADO, Anthony (1992): Creative Campaigning. PACs and the Presidential Selection Process, Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  146. CORRADO, Anthony (2005): An Overview of Campaign Finance Law, in: Herrnson, Paul S./ Campbell, Colton C./ Ezra, Marni/ Medvic, Stephen K. (Hg.): Guide to Political Campaigns in America, Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, S. 84–104. Google Scholar öffnen
  147. CORRADO, Anthony (2005): Money and Politics. A History of Federal Campaign Finance Law, in: Corrado, Anthony/ Mann, Thomas E./ Ortiz, Daniel R./ Potter, Trevor (Hg.): The New Campaign Finance Sourcebook, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, S. 7–47. Google Scholar öffnen
  148. CORRADO, Anthony/ MANN, Thomas E./ ORTIZ, Daniel R./ POTTER, Trevor (Hg.) (2005): The New Campaign Finance Sourcebook, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  149. CORRADO, Anthony/ MANN, Thomas E./ ORTIZ, Daniel R./ POTTER, Trevor/ Sorauf, Frank J. (1997): Campaign Finance Reform. A Sourcebook, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  150. COUCH, Cullen: A Conversation with Bob Bauer and Trevor Potter, in: UVA Lawyer vom, S. 25–32, online verfügbar unter <http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/alumni/uvalawyer/spr12/citizens.htm>, zuletzt geprüft am 31.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  151. COUCH, Cullen: Citizens United. First Amendment Protection or Pandora's Box?, in: UVA Lawyer vom, S. 21–23, online verfügbar unter <http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/alumni/uvalawyer/spr12/citizens.htm>, zuletzt geprüft am 31.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  152. COX, Gary W./ KATZ, Jonathan N. (2002): Elbridge Gerry's Salamander. The Electoral Consequences of the Reapportionment Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  153. COX, Ramsey (2014): Franken: Citizens United is one of the ‘worst’ rulings, in: The Hill vom 09.09.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/217105-franken-citizens-united-decision-is-worst-ever>, zuletzt geprüft am 20.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  154. CRAIG, Stephen C. (1979): Efficacy, Trust, and Political Behavior, in: American Politics Quarterly, Jg. 7, H. 2, S. 225–239. Google Scholar öffnen
  155. CRAIG, Stephen C./ HILL, David B. (Hg.) (2011): The Electoral Challenge. Theory Meets Practice, 2. Aufl., Washington, DC: CQ Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  156. CROLY, Herbert D. (1983): Marcus Alonzo Hanna, New York, NY: Chelsea House (American Statesmen Series). Google Scholar öffnen
  157. CROSSEN, Cynthia (2004): The Man Who Made Political Campaigns All About the Money, in: The Wall Street Journal vom 24.03.2004, online verfügbar unter <https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108008220948763387>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.02.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  158. CUMMINGS, Jeanne (2011): Don't adjust your set: Now campaign ads never end, in: Politico vom 18.03.2011, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2011/03/dont-adjust-your-set-now-campaign-ads-never-end-051535>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  159. CURRINDER, Marian L./ GREEN, John C. (2011): Money and Elections, in: Craig, Stephen C./ Hill, David B. (Hg.): The Electoral Challenge. Theory Meets Practice. 2. Aufl., Washington, DC: CQ Press, S. 91–116. Google Scholar öffnen
  160. DAHL, Robert A. (1961): Who Governs. Democracy and Power in an American City, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  161. DAHL, Robert A. (1971): Polyarchy. Participation and Opposition, New Haven/ London: Yale University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  162. DAHL, Robert A. (2003): How Democratic Is the American Constitution, 2. Aufl., New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  163. DAHL, Robert A./ Shapiro, Ian/ Cheibub, José Antonio (Hg.) (2003): The Democracy Sourcebook, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  164. DALEY, David (2016): Ratf**ked. The True Story Behind the Secret Plan to Steal America's Democracy, New York, NY: Liveright Publishing Corporation. Google Scholar öffnen
  165. DALEY, David (2016): The House the GOP Built: How Republicans Used Soft Money, Big Data, and High-Tech Mapping to Take Control of Congress and Increase Partisanship, in: New York Magazine vom 24.04.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/04/gops-house-seats-are-safe-heres-why.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 06.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  166. DALEY, David/ Rosenberg, Paul (2016): This is how the GOP rigged Congress: The secret plan that handcuffed Obama’s presidency, but backfired in Donald Trump, in: Salon vom 13.06.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.salon.com/2016/06/13/this_is_how_the_gop_rigged_congress_the_secret_plan_that_handcuffed_obamas_presidency_but_backfired_in_donald_trump/>, zuletzt geprüft am 08.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  167. DAVENPORT, Coral (2016): Billionaire Environmentalist to Spend $25 Million to Turn Out Young Voters, in: The New York Times vom 25.04.2016, A10, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/26/us/politics/thomas-steyer-nextgen-climate-change-voters.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  168. DAVIDSON, Roger H./ OLESZEK, Walter J./ LEE, Frances E./ SCHICKLER, Eric (2014): Congress and its members, 14. Aufl., Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  169. DAWOOD, Yasmin (2015): Campaign Finance and American Democracy, in: Annual Review of Political Science, Jg. 18, H. 1, S. 329–349. Google Scholar öffnen
  170. DECKER, Frank/ JESSE, Eckhard (2016): Fach ohne Ausstrahlung. Die Stimme der Politikwissenschaft ist in der Öffentlichkeit kaum noch zu vernehmen. Die Debatten bestimmen Juristen oder Ökonomen. Die jüngere Generation schweigt, in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung vom 20.04.2016, N4. Google Scholar öffnen
  171. DELILLO, Don (2016): Zero K, London: Picador. Google Scholar öffnen
  172. DELLAVIGNA, Stefano/ KAPLAN, Ethan (2007): The Fox News Effect: Media Bias and Voting, in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, Jg. 122, H. 4, S. 1187–1234. Google Scholar öffnen
  173. DELLI CARPINI, Michael. X./ KEETER, Scott/ KENNAMER, J. David (1994): Effects of the News Media Environment on Citizen Knowledge of State Politics and Government, in: Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, Jg. 71, H. 2, S. 443–456. Google Scholar öffnen
  174. DEMOCRATIC PARTY (2016): 2016 Democratic Party Platform, Orlando, FL. Google Scholar öffnen
  175. DESILVER, Drew (2017): U.S. trails most developed countries in voter turnout, Pew Research Center, online verfügbar unter <http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/05/15/u-s-voter-turnout-trails-most-developed-countries/>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  176. DINOVELLA, Elizabeth (2011): The Group behind the Republican Takeover, in: The Progressive vom 2011, 26-29. Google Scholar öffnen
  177. DJUPE, Paul A./ Peterson, David A. M. (2002): The Impact of Negative Campaigning: Evidence from the 1998 Senatorial Primaries, in: Political Research Quarterly, Jg. 55, H. 4, S. 845–860. Google Scholar öffnen
  178. DOHERTY, Brendan J. (2012): The Rise of the President's Permanent Campaign, Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. Google Scholar öffnen
  179. DOHERTY, Brendan J. (2013): A Campaign Without End, in: The New York Times vom 21.01.2013, A21. Google Scholar öffnen
  180. DONAHUE, Patrick (2010): U.S. Falls in Corruption Ranking as Crisis Hits Confidence, in: Bloomberg News vom 26.10.2010, online verfügbar unter <https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-10-26/corruption-increases-in-u-s-as-financial-crisis-erodes-public-confidence>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  181. DÖRNER, Andreas/ Vogt, Ludgera (Hg.) (2002): Wahl-Kämpfe. Betrachtungen über ein demokratisches Ritual, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. Google Scholar öffnen
  182. DOWLING, Conor M./ MILLER, Michael G. (2014): Super PAC! Money, Elections, and Voters after Citizens United, New York, NY: Routledge (Routledge Research in American Politics and Governance). Google Scholar öffnen
  183. DOWLING, Conor M./ MILLER, Michael G. (2014): Super PAC! Money, Elections, and Voters after Citizens United, New York, London: Routledge. Google Scholar öffnen
  184. DOWLING, Conor M./ WICHOWSKY, Amber (2015): Attacks without Consequence? Candidates, Parties, Groups, and the Changing Face of Negative Advertising, in: American Journal of Political Science, Jg. 59, H. 1, S. 19–36. Google Scholar öffnen
  185. DOWNS, Anthony (1957): An Economic Theory of Democracy, New York: Harper. Google Scholar öffnen
  186. DOYLE, Richard B. (2011): The Rise and (Relative) Fall of Earmarks. Congress and Reform, 2006-2010, in: Public Budgeting & Finance, Jg. 31, H. 1, S. 1–22. Google Scholar öffnen
  187. DRASH, Wayne (2012): Presidential politics: Why Ohio is the 'big one', in: CNN News vom 24.10.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://edition.cnn.com/2012/10/23/politics/ohio-voters-swing-state/index.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  188. DREW, Elizabeth (2015): How Money Runs Our Politics, in: New York Review of Books vom 04.06.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/06/04/how-money-runs-our-politics/>, zuletzt geprüft am 22.01.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  189. DREW, Elizabeth (2016): American Democracy Betrayed, in: The New York Review of Books vom 18.08.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2016/08/18/american-democracy-betrayed/>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  190. DRUTMAN, Lee (2014): Why we still need to worry about money in politics, in: The Washington Post vom 15.12.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/12/15/why-we-still-need-to-worry-about-money-in-politics/>, zuletzt geprüft am 04.08.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  191. DRUTMAN, Lee (2015): The Business of America is Lobbying. How Corporations Became Politicized and Politics Became More Corporate, New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  192. DRUTMAN, Lee (2015): Despite Citizens United, elections aren’t a good investment for corporations, in: The Washington Post vom 27.03.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/despite-citizens-united-politics-isnt-a-good-investment-for-corporations/2015/03/27/f13e0d20-d26c-11e4-ab77-9646eea6a4c7_story.html?utm_term=.856a6328ac9c>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  193. DRUTMAN, Lee (2015): Can unlimited contributions to political parties really reduce polarization, in: The Washington Post vom 23.06.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2015/06/23/can-unlimited-contributions-to-political-parties-really-reduce-polarization/>, zuletzt geprüft am 01.10.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  194. DRUTMAN, Lee (2015): Giving the two parties even more money will not solve polarization. And, no empowering small donors is not going to make politics even more polarized, in: Vox vom 20.11.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.vox.com/polyarchy/2015/11/20/9763292/parties-polarization-small-donors>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.12.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  195. DRYSCH, Thomas (1998): Parteienfinanzierung. Österreich, Schweiz, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Opladen: Leske + Budrich. Google Scholar öffnen
  196. DUGAN, Andrew (2015): Donald Trump Well-Known, but Not Well-Liked, GALLUP, online verfügbar unter <http://www.gallup.com/poll/187607/donald-trump-known-not-liked.aspx>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  197. DÜMBGEN, Lutz (2015): Einführung in die Statistik, Basel: Springer. Google Scholar öffnen
  198. DWYRE, Diana (2015): Campaign Finance Deregulation in the United States: What Has Changed and Why Does It Matter?, in: Boatright, Robert G. (Hg.): The Deregulatory Moment. A Comparative Perspective on Changing Campaign Finance Laws, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, S. 33–70. Google Scholar öffnen
  199. EDSALL, Thomas B. (2014): Would Stronger Parties Mean Less Polarization?, in: The New York Times vom 21.10.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/22/opinion/would-stronger-parties-mean-less-polarization.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 01.10.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  200. EDWARDS-LEVY, Ariel (2015): Most People Think Congress Is Great At Representing Wealthy, But Not The Less Well-Off, in: The Huffington Post vom 15.01.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/15/congress-wealthy-poll_n_6482050.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  201. EGGEN, Dan (2010): Poll: Large majority opposes Supreme Court's decision on campaign financing, in: The Washington Post vom 17.02.2010, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/17/AR2010021701151.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  202. EGGEN, Dan (2010): Money doesn't buy many wins for self-funded candidates, in: The Washington Post vom 04.11.2010, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/03/AR2010110308584.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  203. ELDRIDGE, Sean (2016): How Dialing for Dollars is Undermining our Democracy - And How to Stop It, Medium Corporation, online verfügbar unter <https://medium.com/@SeanEldridge/how-dialing-for-dollars-is-undermining-our-democracy-and-how-to-stop-it-e9aff589785a#.q26xt07rn>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  204. EMDE, Isabel (2014): Wahlkampffinanzierung durch Unternehmen. Eine verfassungsrechtliche Studie zum US-amerikanischen Recht, Baden-Baden: Nomos (Beiträge zum ausländischen und vergleichenden Recht, 33). Google Scholar öffnen
  205. ENDREß, Martin/ MATYS, Thomas (Hg.) (2010): Die Ökonomie der Organisation - die Organisation der Ökonomie, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Google Scholar öffnen
  206. EPSTEIN, Lee/ SEGAL, Jeffrey A./ WESTERLAND, Chad (2008): The Increasing Importance of Ideology in the Nomination and Confirmation of Supreme Court Justices, in: Drake Law Review, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 609–635. Google Scholar öffnen
  207. EPSTEIN, Richard A. (34): Citizens United v. FEC. The constitutional right that big corporations should have but do not want, in: Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, Jg. 2011, H. 2, S. 639–661. Google Scholar öffnen
  208. ERGUN, Damla (2012): Seven in 10 Would Send Super PACs Packing, in: ABC News vom 13.03.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/03/seven-in-10-would-send-super-pacs-packing/>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  209. ERIKSON, Robert S./ PALFREY, Thomas R. (1998): Campaign Spending and Incumbency. An Alternative Simultaneous Equations Approach, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 60, H. 2, S. 355–373. Google Scholar öffnen
  210. ERIKSON, Robert S./ WRIGHT, Gerald C./ MCIVER, John P. (1985): Measuring State Partisanship and Ideology with Survey Data, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 47, H. 2, S. 469–489. Google Scholar öffnen
  211. ERIKSON, Robert S./ WRIGHT, Gerald C./ MCIVER, John P. (1995): Statehouse democracy. Public opinion and policy in the American states, Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  212. ETZIONI, Amitai (1995): Capital Corruption. The New Attack on American Democracy, 2. Aufl., New Brunswick, NJ/ London: Transaction Publishers. Google Scholar öffnen
  213. EUCHNER, Charles C./ Maltese, John Anthony (2015): The Electoral Process, in: Nelson, Michael (Hg.): Guide to the Presidency. 2. Aufl., London/ New York: Routledge, S. 185–322. Google Scholar öffnen
  214. FAHS, Alice/ WAUGH, Joan (Hg.) (2004): The Memory of the Civil War in American Culture, Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  215. FAIR, Ray C. (2002): Predicting presidential elections and other things, Stanford, CA: Stanford Business Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  216. FALCONE, Michael (2009): Voinovich to Retire From Senate in 2010, in: The New York Times vom 12.01.2009, online verfügbar unter <https://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/12/ohio-senator-george-voinovich-to-retire-in-2010/?mcubz=0>. Google Scholar öffnen
  217. FALTER, Jürgen W./ SCHOEN, Harald (Hg.) (2014): Handbuch Wahlforschung, 2. Aufl., Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
  218. FALTER, Jürgen W./ WINKER, Jürgen R. (2014): Wahlgeographie und Politische Ökologie, in: Falter, Jürgen W./ Schoen, Harald (Hg.): Handbuch Wahlforschung. 2. Aufl., Wiesbaden: Springer VS, S. 135–168. Google Scholar öffnen
  219. FARIAS, Cristian (2015): The Menendez Case Proves the Supreme Court Was Naive About Campaign Finance Laws, in: The New Republic vom 02.04.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.newrepublic.com/article/121446/menedez-corruption-case-exposes-supreme-court-naivete>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.08.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  220. FARRAR-MYERS, Victoria A./ GULATI, Jeff/ SKINNER, Richard (2013): The Impact of Super PACs on the 2010 and 2012 Congressional Elections, Chicago, IL, online verfügbar unter <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2312917>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.06.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  221. FARRAR-MYERS, Victoria A./ SKINNER, Richard (2012): Super PACs and the 2012 Elections, in: The Forum, Jg. 10, H. 4, S. 105–118. Google Scholar öffnen
  222. FARRELL, John A. (2012): Did the Conservative Supreme Court Dash Romney's White House Hopes?, in: The Atlantic vom 02.03.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/03/did-the-conservative-supreme-court-dash-romneys-white-house-hopes/253890/>, zuletzt geprüft am 12.07.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  223. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION (2007): Coordinated Communications and Independent Expenditures, Federal Election Commission, online verfügbar unter <https://transition.fec.gov/pages/brochures/indexp.shtml>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  224. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION (2017): Recording receipts, online verfügbar unter <https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/records-receipts/>, zuletzt geprüft am 24.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  225. FEINGOLD, Russ (2012): A Gilded Age on Steroids, in: Boston Review vom 01.07.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://bostonreview.net/forum/under-influence/gilded-age-steroids-russ-feingold>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  226. FERGUSON, Thomas/ JORGENSEN, Paul/ CHEN, Jie (2013): Party Competition and Industrial Structure in the 2012 Elections: Who’s Really Driving the Taxi to the Dark Side?, Roosevelt Institute, online verfügbar unter <http://www.rooseveltinstitute.org/sites/all/files/2013_10_21_Ferguson_Jorgensen_Chen_2012_Elections.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.06.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  227. FERGUSON, Thomas/ JORGENSEN, Paul/ CHEN, Jie (2015): How Money Drives US Congressional Elections: More Evidence, Institute for New Economic Thinking Annual Conference, Paris, online verfügbar unter <http://ineteconomics.org/uploads/papers/How-Money-Drives-US-Congressional-Elections-More-Evidence.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.01.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  228. FILZMAIER, Peter (2012): Geld regiert die Politik? Wahlkampffinanzierung in den USA, in: Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Jg. 22, H. 1, S. 105–116. Google Scholar öffnen
  229. FILZMAIER, Peter/ PLASSER, Fritz (2001): Wahlkampf um das Weiße Haus. Presidential Elections in den USA, Opladen: Leske + Budrich. Google Scholar öffnen
  230. FILZMAIER, Peter/ PLASSER, Fritz (2002): Campaign Finance in den USA, in: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Jg. 31, H. 1, S. 41–59. Google Scholar öffnen
  231. FILZMAIER, Peter/ PLASSER, Fritz (2005): Politik auf amerikanisch. Wahlen und politischer Wettbewerb in den USA, Wien: MANZ. Google Scholar öffnen
  232. FIORINA, Morris P. (1981): Retrospective Voting in American National Elections, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  233. FIORINA, Morris P. (2011): Culture war? The myth of a polarized America, 3. Aufl., Boston, MA: Longman. Google Scholar öffnen
  234. FLEMING, James Rodger (1996): Science and Technology in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century, in: Calhoun, Charles W. (Hg.): The Gilded Age. Essays on the Origins of Modern America, Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Books, S. 19–37. Google Scholar öffnen
  235. FLICK, Uwe (2004): Triangulation. Eine Einführung, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Google Scholar öffnen
  236. FLITTER, Emily: Why U.S. billionaires may not be able to buy the 2016 election, in: Reuters News vom, online verfügbar unter <http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-billionaires-idUSKBN0OI07I20150602>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.02.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  237. FORAN, Clare (2016): Bernie Sanders’s Big Money. The Democratic presidential candidate’s populist rallying cry has helped him rake in cash, and infused massive amounts of money into the political process, in: The Atlantic vom 01.03.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/03/bernie-sanders-fundraising/471648/>, zuletzt geprüft am 25.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  238. FORMISANO, Ronald P. (2016): The Populist Tsunami of the Second Gilded Age, in: The Forum, Jg. 14, H. 3, S. 281–294. Google Scholar öffnen
  239. FOWLER, Erika F./ RIDOUT, Travis N. (2010): Advertising Trends in 2010, in: The Forum, Jg. 8, H. 4, S. 1–16. Google Scholar öffnen
  240. FOWLER, Erika F./ RIDOUT, Travis N. (2012): Negative, Angry, and Ubiquitous: Political Advertising in 2012, in: The Forum, Jg. 10, H. 4, S. 51–61. Google Scholar öffnen
  241. FRANCIA, Peter L./ GREEN, John C./ HERRNSON, Paul S./ POWELL, Lynda W./ WILCOX, Clyde (2003): The Financiers of Congressional Elections. Investors, Ideologues, and Intimates, New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  242. FRANK, Thomas (2012): It’s a rich man’s world. How billionaire backers pick America’s candidate, in: Harpers Magazine, April Ausgabe, S. 25-27. Google Scholar öffnen
  243. FRANKLIN Fowler, Monika/ FRANZ, Michael M./ RIDOUT, Travis N. (2016): Political Advertising in the United States, Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  244. FRANZ, Michael M. (2010): The Citizens United Election? Or Same As It Ever Was?, in: The Forum, Jg. 8, H. 4, S. 1–24. Google Scholar öffnen
  245. FRANZ, Michael M./ RIDOUT, Travis N. (2010): Political Advertising and Persuasion in the 2004 and 2008 Presidential Elections, in: American Politics Research, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 303–329. Google Scholar öffnen
  246. FREDERICKS, Bob (2016): NY Democrats selling national convention access to big donors, in: New York Post vom 07.05.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://nypost.com/2016/05/07/ny-democrats-selling-national-convention-access-to-big-donors/>, zuletzt geprüft am 16.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  247. FREDERICKS, Bob (2016): Clinton's campaign staff is five times the size of Trump's, in: New York Post vom 07.10.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://nypost.com/2016/10/07/clintons-campaign-staff-is-five-times-the-size-of-trumps/>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  248. FREELAND, Chrystia (2012): Plutocrats. The Rise of the New Global Super-Rich, London: Penguin Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  249. FRENCH, Lauren (2016): Congress setting new bar for doing nothing. It's gotten so small-ball that one congressman introduced a bill to recognize the significance of magic, in: Politico vom 21.03.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2016/03/congress-supreme-court-budget-do-nothing-221057>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  250. FRIESS, Steve (2012): The father of all Web campaigns, in: Politico vom 30.09.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2012/09/how-deans-wh-bid-gave-birth-to-web-campaigning-081834>, zuletzt geprüft am 25.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  251. FROLIK, Joe (2012): How Ohio made a president: Mark Hanna of Cleveland created modern politics in 1896, in: The Plain Dealer vom 16.10.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2012/10/how_ohio_made_a_president_mark.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.02.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  252. FULLER, Jaime (2014): 'Ready for Hillary' is spending money like crazy, in: The Washington Post vom 13.06.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2014/06/13/ready-for-hillary-is-already-spending-a-ton-of-dough-on-2016/?utm_term=.8f55477c15af>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  253. GAFFEY, Laura (2012): United States House Elections Post-Citizens United. The Influence of Unbridled Spending, Illinois Wesleyan University Papers, 45, online verfügbar unter <http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1044&context=polisci_honproj>, zuletzt geprüft am 03.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  254. GALLUP (2016): No Improvement in Congress Approval, at 13%, GALLUP Blog, online verfügbar unter <http://www.gallup.com/poll/189848/no-improvement-congress-approval.aspx>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  255. GAMSON, William A. (1968): Power and Discontent, Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  256. GANGHOF, Steffen (2005): Kausale Perspektiven in der vergleichenden Politikwissenschaft: X-zentrierte und Y-zentrierte Forschungsdesigns, in: Kropp, Sabine/ Minkenberg, Michael (Hg.): Vergleichen in der Politikwissenschaft, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, S. 76–95. Google Scholar öffnen
  257. GANGHOF, Steffen (2016): Forschungsdesigns in der Politikwissenschaft - Kausala Perspektiven versus kontrastive Theorietests, in: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Jg. 45, H. 1, S. 1–12. Google Scholar öffnen
  258. GARRAMONE, Gina M. (1984): Voter Responses to Negative Political Ads. Voter response varies with content theme, but backlash or bommerang may be most common effect of negative political advertising, in: Journalism Quarterly, Jg. 61, H. 1, S. 250–259. Google Scholar öffnen
  259. GARRETT, Sam R. (2012): "Super PACs" in Federal Elections: Overview and Issues for Congress, in: Jamison, Derrick D./ Gore, Gina (Hg.): Super PACs (Political Action Committees). The New Force in Federal Elections, Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, S. 1–36. Google Scholar öffnen
  260. GAUGHAN, Anthony J. (2016): The Forty-Year War on Money in Politics: Watergate, FECA, and the Future of Campaign Finance Reform, in: Ohio State Law Journal, Jg. 77, H. 4, S. 791–837. Google Scholar öffnen
  261. GEER, John G. (2006): In Defense of Negativity, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  262. GEER, John G. (2010): Fanning the Flames: The News Media’s Role in the Rise of Negativity in Presidential Campaigns, Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy, Discussion Paper Series, D‐55. Google Scholar öffnen
  263. GELERNT, Anya (2015): Donor demographics: old white guys edition, part II, Center for Responsive Politics, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/06/donor-demographics-old-white-guys-edition-part-ii/>, zuletzt geprüft am 21.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  264. GELLNER, Winand/ HORST, Patrick (Hg.) (2016): Die USA am Ende der Präsidentschaft Barack Obamas, Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
  265. GELLNER, Winand/ KLEIBER, Martin (2012): Das Regierungssystem der USA. Eine Einführung, 2. vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, Baden-Baden: Nomos. Google Scholar öffnen
  266. GELLNER, Winand/ OSWALD, Michael (Hg.) (2017): Die USA nach den Wahlen, Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
  267. GELMAN, Andrew/ KING, Gary (1990): Estimating Incumbency Advantage without Bias, in: American Journal of Political Science, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 1142–1164. Google Scholar öffnen
  268. GENTILVISO, Chris (2012): Wilbur Ross Mitt Romney Fundraiser Carried $50,000-Per-Plate Cost, in: The Huffington Post vom 21.10.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/21/wilbur-ross-mitt-romney-fundraiser_n_1998127.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 16.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  269. GERBER, Alan (1993): Campaign Spending and Senate Election Outcomes, Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA. Google Scholar öffnen
  270. GERBER, Alan (1998): Estimating the Effect of Campaign Spending on Senate Election Outcomes Using Instrumental Variables, in: The American Political Science Review, Jg. 92, H. 2, S. 401–411. Google Scholar öffnen
  271. GERBER, Alan/ GREEN, Donald P. (2005): Do Phone Calls Increase Voter Turnout? An Update, in: Gerber, Alan S./ Green, Donald P. (Hg.): The Science of Voter Mobilization, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE (The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 601), S. 142–154. Google Scholar öffnen
  272. GERBER, Alan S./ GIMPEL, James G./ GREEN, Donald P./ SHAW, Daron R. (2011): How Large and Long-lasting Are the Persuasive Effects of Televised Campaign Ads? Results from a Randomized Field Experiment, in: American Political Science Review, Jg. 105, H. 1, S. 135–150. Google Scholar öffnen
  273. GERBER, Alan S./ GREEN, Donald P. (Hg.) (2005): The Science of Voter Mobilization (The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 601), Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar öffnen
  274. GERKEN, Heather (2014): The Real Problem with Citizens United: Campaign Finance, Dark Money, and Shadow Parties, in: Marquette Law Review, Jg. 97, H. 4, S. 903–923. Google Scholar öffnen
  275. GERKEN, Heather K. (2010): Lobbying as the New Campaign Finance, in: Georgia State University Law Review, Jg. 27, H. 4, S. 1147–1160. Google Scholar öffnen
  276. GERRING, John/ THOMAS, Craig W. (2011): Quantitative Versus Qualitative Methods, in: Badie, Bertrand/ Berg-Schlosser, Dirk/ Morlino, Leonardo (Hg.): International Encyclopedia of Political Science, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE (7), S. 2189–2196. Google Scholar öffnen
  277. GIERZYNSKI, Anthony (2000): Money Rules. Financing Elections in America, Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  278. GIERZYNSKI, Anthony/ BREAUX, David (1996): Legislative Elections and the Importance of Money, in: Legislative Studies Quarterly, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 337–357. Google Scholar öffnen
  279. GIERZYNSKI, Anthony/ BREAUX, David A. (1991): Money and Votes in State Legislative Elections, in: Legislative Studies Quarterly, Jg. 16, H. 2, S. 203–217. Google Scholar öffnen
  280. GILENS, Martin (2005): Inequality and Democratic Responsiveness, in: Public Opinion Quarterly, Jg. 69, H. 5, S. 778–796. Google Scholar öffnen
  281. GILENS, Martin (2012): Affluence & Influence. Economic Inequality and Political Power in America, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  282. GILENS, Martin/ PAGE, Benjamin I. (2014): Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens, in: Perspectives on Politics, Jg. 12, H. 3, S. 564–581. Google Scholar öffnen
  283. GILES, Michael W./ PRITCHARD, Anita (1985): Campaign Expenditures and Legislative Elections in Florida, in: Legislative Studies Quarterly, Jg. 10, H. 1, S. 71–88. Google Scholar öffnen
  284. GILLUM, Jack (2012): Super PACs Inluencing Early Primary Elections More Than Retail Campaigning, in: The Huffington Post vom 17.01.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/17/super-pacs-elections-2012_n_1210097.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 31.03.2013. Google Scholar öffnen
  285. GILSON, Dave (2012): Sheldon Adelson’s Lousy Election Bets, in: Mother Jones vom 07.11.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/11/sheldon-adelson-super-pac-lousy-bets/>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  286. GINSBURG, Ruth Bader/ ROSEN, Jeffrey (2014): Ruth Bader Ginsburg Is an American Hero. She's staying put - and has some choice words for young feminists. An interview, in: The New Republic vom 29.09.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://newrepublic.com/article/119578/ruth-bader-ginsburg-interview-retirement-feminists-jazzercise>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  287. GLANTZ, Stanton A./ Abramowitz, Alan I./ Burkart, Michael P. (1976): Election Outcomes: Whose Money Matters?, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 1033–1038. Google Scholar öffnen
  288. GLASSMAN, Matthew E. (2007): Congressional Franking Privilege. Background and Current Legislation, Congressional Research Service, Order Code RS22771, veröffentlicht am 11.12.2007. Google Scholar öffnen
  289. GOIDEL, Robert K./ GROSS, Donald A. (1994): A Systems Approach to Campaign Finance in U.S. House Elections, in: American Politics Quarterly, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 125–153. Google Scholar öffnen
  290. GOLD, Matea (2012): Effect of 'super PACs' proved to be less than expected, in: Los Angeles Times vom 08.11.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://articles.latimes.com/2012/nov/08/nation/la-na-outside-money-20121108>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.08.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  291. GOLD, Matea (2014): Supreme Court ruling gives small number of wealthy donors new ways to drive campaigns, in: The Washington Post vom 03.04.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-ruling-gives-small-number-of-wealthy-donors-new-ways-to-drive-campaigns/2014/04/02/b1ab041a-ba8a-11e3-9a05-c739f29ccb08_story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 30.09.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  292. GOLD, Matea (2015): Menendez indictment marks first big corruption case involving a super PAC, in: The Washington Post vom 02.04.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/menendez-indictment-marks-first-big-corruption-case-involving-a-super-pac/2015/04/01/f42f4aee-d8d9-11e4-8103-fa84725dbf9d_story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.05.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  293. GOLD, Matea (2016): Nearly $100 million in super PAC money couldn’t save Jeb Bush, in: The Washington Post vom 20.02.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/02/20/nearly-100-million-in-super-pac-money-couldnt-save-jeb-bush/?utm_term=.fa41d4f57373>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.02.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  294. GOLD, Matea (2016): An inside look at how politicians beg for big checks, in: The Washington Post vom 20.09.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/an-inside-look-at-how-politicians-beg-for-big-checks/2016/09/19/c0308e24-7c1b-11e6-bd86-b7bbd53d2b5d_story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.09.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  295. GOLD, Matea/ HAMBURGER, Tom (2014): Scott Walker case shows growing closeness between politicians and wealthy allies, in: The Washington Post vom 23.06.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/scott-walker-case-shows-growing-closeness-between-politicians-and-wealthy-allies/2014/06/23/e8b9304e-f955-11e3-a606-946fd632f9f1_story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 02.10.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  296. GOLD, Matea/ HAMBURGER, Tom (2015): In 2016 campaign, the lament of the not quite rich enough, in: The Washington Post vom 25.03.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-2016-campaign-the-lament-of-the-not-quite-rich-enough/2015/03/24/f0a38b18-cdb4-11e4-8a46-b1dc9be5a8ff_story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.05.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  297. GOLD, Matea/ HAMBURGER, Tom (2015): How a super PAC plans to coordinate with Hillary Clinton’s campaign, in: The Washington Post vom 12.05.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/05/12/how-a-super-pac-plans-to-coordinate-directly-with-hillary-clintons-campaign/?utm_term=.f4a372c8b43a>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  298. GOLD, Matea/ MASON, Melanie (2012): Effect of 'super PACs' proved to be less than expected, in: Los Angeles Times vom 08.11.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://articles.latimes.com/2012/nov/08/nation/la-na-outside-money-20121108>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  299. GOLD, Matea/ NARAYANSWAMY, Anu (2016): How 'ghost corporations' are funding the 2016 election, in: The Washington Post vom 18.03.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-ghost-corporations-are-funding-the-2016-election/2016/03/18/2446e526-ed14-11e5-a6f3-21ccdbc5f74e_story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  300. GOLD, Matea/ NARAYANSWAMY, Anu (2016): The new Gilded Age: Close to half of all super-PAC money comes from 50 donors, in: The Washington Post vom 15.04.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-new-gilded-age-close-to-half-of-all-super-pac-money-comes-from-50-donors/2016/04/15/63dc363c-01b4-11e6-9d36-33d198ea26c5_story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  301. GOLD, Matea/ NARAYANSWAMY, Anu (2016): How mega-donors helped raise $1 billion for Hillary Clinton, in: The Washington Post vom 24.10.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-mega-donors-helped-raise-1-billion-for-hillary-clinton/2016/10/22/a92a0ee2-9603-11e6-bb29-bf2701dbe0a3_story.html?utm_term=.d919a7cebf8b>, zuletzt geprüft am 21.02.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  302. GOLD, Matea/ ZAPOTOSKY, Matt (2015): Va. political operative pleads guilty to coordinating campaign contributions, in: The Washington Post vom 12.02.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/va-man-pleads-guilty-to-coordinating-campaign-contributions/2015/02/12/e63a92dc-b146-11e4-827f-93f454140e2b_story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 02.10.2012. Google Scholar öffnen
  303. GOLD, Matea/ ZAPOTOSKY, Matt (2015): Republican operative sentenced to 2 years in landmark election case, in: The Washington Post vom 12.06.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/feds-want-nearly-4-year-sentence-for-republican-operative-convicted-of-illegal-coordination/2015/06/11/7ecbdc72-0ed0-11e5-9726-49d6fa26a8c6_story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 02.10.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  304. GOLDENBERG, Edie N./ TRAUGOTT, Michael W. (1984): Campaigning for Congress, Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  305. GOLDMACHER, Shane/ KARNI, Annie/ MCCASKILL, Nolan D. (2016): Trump caught on tape making crude, sexually aggressive comments about women, in: Politico vom 08.10.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/trump-wapo-229299>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  306. GOLDSTEIN, Ken/ FREEDMAN, Paul (2000): New Evidence for New Arguments. Money and Advertising in the 1996 Senate Elections, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 62, H. 4, S. 1087–1108. Google Scholar öffnen
  307. GOLDSTEIN, Ken/ FREEDMAN, Paul (2002): Campaign Advertising and Voter Turnout: New Evidence for a Stimulation Effect, in: The Journal of Politics vom 2002, S. 721–740. Google Scholar öffnen
  308. GOODMAN, Amy/ WEINTRAUB, Ellen L. (2016): Could Citizens United Help Foreign Billionaires Buy This Election? An FEC Commissioner Speaks Out, Democracy Now, online verfügbar unter <http://www.democracynow.org/2016/4/5/could_citizens_united_help_foreign_billionaires>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  309. GOULD, Lewis L. (2001): Gilded Age, in: Boyer, Paul S. (Hg.): The Oxford Companion to United States History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, S. 308–310. Google Scholar öffnen
  310. GOULD-WARTOFSKY, Michael A. (2015): The Occupiers. The Making of the 99 Percent Movement, New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  311. GRAHAM, David A. (2015): GOP Candidates Discover the Problems With Money in Politics. It's not just Democrats who are critical of the current state of campaign finance. Lindsey Graham, Chris Christie, and Ted Cruz have their own complaints., in: The Atlantic vom 20.04.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/04/not-all-republicans/390912/>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  312. GREEN, Donald P./ GERBER, Alan S. (2015): Get out the vote. How to increase voter turnout, Third edition, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  313. GREEN, Donald P./ KRASNO, Jonathan S. (1988): Salvation for the Spendthrift Incumbent: Reestimating the Effects of Campaign Spendingin House Elections, in: American Journal of Political Science, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 884–907. Google Scholar öffnen
  314. GREEN, Donald P./ KRASNO, Jonathan S. (1990): Rebuttal to Jacobson's "New Evidence for Old Arguments", in: American Journal of Political Science, Jg. 34, H. 2, S. 363–372. Google Scholar öffnen
  315. GREEN, Emma (2015): The Local Consequences of Citizens United, in: The Atlantic vom 02.07.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/07/the-local-consequences-of-citizens-united/397586/>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.07.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  316. GREENBLATT, Alan (2016): How Unregulated Dark Money Is Reshaping State Politics. Several governors are using nonprofits to get themselves elected and promote their agendas once in office - without ever having to disclose where the money came from, in: Governing vom 29.09.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.governing.com/topics/elections/gov-dark-money-campaign-finance-state-politics.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  317. GRIFFITH, Robert (1991): Forging America's postwar order: domestic politics and political economy in the age of Truman, in: Lacey, Michael J. (Hg.): The Truman Presidency, Cambridge, u.a.: Cambridge University Press, S. 57–88. Google Scholar öffnen
  318. GRIM, Ryan/ SIDDIQUI, Sabrina (2013): Call Time For Congress Shows How Fundraising Dominates Bleak Work Life, in: The Huffington Post vom 08.01.2013, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/08/call-time-congressional-fundraising_n_2427291.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  319. GRIPP, Andrew (2014): Gerrymandering Reduces Competition, Fuels Partisanship in House Elections, Independent Voter Network, online verfügbar unter <https://ivn.us/2014/07/14/gerrymandering-reduces-competition-fuels-partisanship-house-elections/>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  320. GROSSMANN, Matt (Hg.) (2014): New Directions in Interest Group Politics, New York: Routledge. Google Scholar öffnen
  321. GSCHWEND, Thomas/ SCHIMMELFENNIG, Frank (Hg.) (2007): Forschungsdesign in der Politikwissenschaft. Probleme - Strategien - Anwendung, Frankfurt/ New York: Campus Verlag. Google Scholar öffnen
  322. GSCHWEND, Thomas/ SCHIMMELFENNIG, Frank (2007): Forschungsdesign in der Politikwissenschaft: Ein Dialog zwischen Theorie und Daten, in: Gschwend, Thomas/ Schimmelfennig, Frank (Hg.): Forschungsdesign in der Politikwissenschaft. Probleme - Strategien - Anwendung, Frankfurt/ New York: Campus Verlag, S. 13–38. Google Scholar öffnen
  323. GÜLDENZOPF, Ralf (2016): Zwischen "Low Quality" und "High Quality" - Direkter Wählerkontakt in den USA und Deutschland, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, KAS Kampagnen-Blog, online verfügbar unter <http://www.adenauercampus.de/web/guest/zeitmaschine-marktwirtschaft/mehr-zum-thema-soziale-marktwirtschaft/-/asset_publisher/iLDvJSMZY5hd/content/zwischen-%E2%80%9Elow-quality%E2%80%9C-und-%E2%80%9Ehigh-quality%E2%80%9C-direkter-wahlerkontakt-in-den-usa-und-deutschland>, zuletzt geprüft am 25.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  324. GUNLICKS, Arthur B. (Hg.) (1993): Campaign and Party Finance in North America and Western Europe, Boulder/ San Francisco/ Oxford: Westview Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  325. HABERMAN, Clyde (2014): The Cost of Campaigns. Retro Report, The New York Times vom 20.10.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXGEictCR8k>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.02.2014. Google Scholar öffnen
  326. HACKER, Jacob S./ PIERSON, Paul (2011): Winner-Take-All Politics. How Washington Made the Rich Richer And Turned Its Back on the Middle Class, New York: Simon & Schuster. Google Scholar öffnen
  327. HÄDER, Michael (2010): Empirische Sozialforschung. Eine Einführung, 2. überarbeitete Auflage, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Google Scholar öffnen
  328. HAFER, Rik W. (2005): The Federal Reserve System. An Encyclopedia, Westport, CT: Greenwood. Google Scholar öffnen
  329. HAGENSTEIN, Edwin C./ GREGG, Sara M./ DONAHUE, Brian (2011): American Georgics. Writing on Farming, Culture and the Land, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  330. HALL, Katy (2013): 11 Members Of Congress Who Are Sick Of Fundraising, in: The Huffington Post vom 02.01.2013, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/01/fundraising-congress-call-time-_n_2576413.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  331. HALPER, Evan (2016): Be nice to Hillary Clinton online — or risk a confrontation with her super PAC, in: Los Angeles Times vom 09.05.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-clinton-digital-trolling-20160506-snap-htmlstory.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.07.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  332. HALPER, Evan (2016): Once a dark art, opposition research comes out of the shadows for 2016 campaigns, in: Los Angeles Times vom 21.05.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-opposition-research-presidential-election-20150521-story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 30.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  333. HAMM, Keith E./ MALBIN, Michael J./ KETTLER, Jaclyn J./ GLAVIN, Brendan (2012): The Impact of Citizens United in the States: Independent Spending in State Elections, 2006-2010, New Orleans, LA, online verfügbar unter <http://www.cfinst.org/pdf/state/state-indep-spdg_2006-10_working-paper-as-released-22october2012.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 16.07.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  334. HAMM, Keith E./ MALBIN, Michael J./ KETTLER, Jaclyn J./ GLAVIN, Brendan (2014): Independent Spending in State Elections, 2006–2010: Vertically Networked Political Parties Were the Real Story, Not Business, in: The Forum, Jg. 12, H. 2, S. 305–328. Google Scholar öffnen
  335. HAMM, Keith E./ MONCRIEF, Gary F. (2008): Legislative Politics in the States, in: Gray, Virginia/ Hanson, Russell L. (Hg.): Politics in the American States. A Comparative Analysis. 9. Aufl., Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, S. 154–191. Google Scholar öffnen
  336. HANLEY, Brian (2016): Bernie Sanders Received More Individual Campaign Contributions Than Obama’s Entire 2008 Campaign, in: Huffington Post vom 12.04.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brian-hanley/bernie-sanders-has-alread_b_9671406.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 11.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  337. HANS, Barbara (2017): Inszenierung von Politik. Zur Funktion von Privatheit, Authentizität, Personalisierung und Vertrauen, Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
  338. HANSEN, John Mark (2009): Elections: Five Rules For Commentators, in: King, Gary/ Lehman Schlozman, Kay/ Nie, Norman H. (Hg.): The Future of Political Science. 100 Perspectives, New York, London: Routledge, S. 169–171. Google Scholar öffnen
  339. HARNDEN, Toby (2012): Obama in drastic u-turn to back big-money super PACs… which he once described as 'a corporate takeover of our democracy', in: Daily Mail vom 07.02.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2097892/Obama-drastic-u-turn-big-money-super-PACs--decried.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  340. HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES (2011): Free Speech For People Nationwide Voter Survey, online verfügbar unter <https://freespeechforpeople.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/FSFP-Nationwide-Voter-Survey.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  341. HARTENSTEIN, Meena (2010): Target boycotted for donating $150,000 to MN right-wing Republican Tom Emmer's campaign for governor, in: New York Daily News vom 03.08.2010, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/target-boycotted-donating-150-000-mn-right-wing-republican-tom-emmer-campaign-governor-article-1.200635>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  342. HARVARD LAW REVIEW EDITORS (2014): Citizens United at Work: How the Landmark Decision Legalized Political Coercion in the Workplace, in: Harvard Law Review, Jg. 128, H. 4, S. 669–690. Google Scholar öffnen
  343. HASEN, Richard L. (2007): The Newer Incoherence. Competition, Social Science, and Balancing in Campaign Finance Law After Randall v. Sorrell, in: Ohio State Law Journal, Jg. 68, H. 4, S. 849–889. Google Scholar öffnen
  344. HASEN, Richard L. (2012): End of the Dialogue? Political Polarization, The Supreme Court, And Congress, in: Southern California Law Review, Jg. 86, H. 1, S. 101–155. Google Scholar öffnen
  345. HASEN, Richard L. (2012): Fixing Washington, in: Harvard Law Review, Jg. 126, H. 550, S. 550–585. Google Scholar öffnen
  346. HASEN, Richard L. (2013): Is ‘‘Dependence Corruption’’ Distinct from a Political Equality Argument for Campaign Finance Laws? A Reply to Professor Lessig, in: Election Law Journal, Jg. 12, H. 3, S. 305–316. Google Scholar öffnen
  347. HASEN, Richard L. (2013): Political Dysfunction and Constitutional Change, in: Drake Law Review, Jg. 61, H. 4, S. 989–1020. Google Scholar öffnen
  348. HASEN, Richard L. (2014): Super PAC Contributions, Corruption, and the Proxy War over Coordination, in: Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy, Jg. 9, H. 1, S. 1–21. Google Scholar öffnen
  349. HASEN, Richard L. (2014): Three Wrong Progressive Approaches (and One Right One) to Campaign Finance Reform, in: Harvard Law & Policy Review, Jg. 8, H. 1, S. 21–37. Google Scholar öffnen
  350. HASEN, Richard L. (2015): Election Law's Path in the Roberts Court's First Decade: A Sharp Right Turn but with Speed Bumps and Surprising Twists, University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA, Legal Studies Research Paper Series, 2015-70, online verfügbar unter <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2639902>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.08.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  351. HASEN, Richard L. (2016): Plutocrats United. Campaign Money, the Supreme Court, and the Distortion of American Elections, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  352. HASEN, Richard L. (2016): Money can't buy Jeb Bush the White House, but it still skews politics, in: Washington Post vom 14.01.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/money-cant-buy-jeb-bush-the-white-house-but-it-still-skews-politics/2016/01/14/7c920780-b554-11e5-9388-466021d971de_story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 20.01.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  353. HASEN, Richard L. (2016): Money and Politics in Polarized Times, Yale University Press Blog, online verfügbar unter <http://blog.yupnet.org/2016/02/02/money-and-politics-in-polarized-times/>, zuletzt geprüft am 09.02.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  354. HASEN, Richard L. (2016): Campaign-Finance Law, the State of Nature, and the Nirvana Fallacy, The Library of Law and Liberty, online verfügbar unter <http://www.libertylawsite.org/liberty-forum/campaign-finance-law-the-state-of-nature-and-the-nirvana-fallacy/#sthash.z2C3iMT7.dpuf>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  355. HASEN, Richard L./ COLLINS, Ronald K. L. (2016): FAC 6 (First Amendment Conversations) The Law & Politics of Money: A Q & A with Richard Hasen – Part I, Concurring Opinions, online verfügbar unter <http://concurringopinions.com/archives/2016/03/fac-6-first-amendment-conversations-the-law-politics-of-money-a-q-a-with-richard-hasen-part-i.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  356. HASSON, Riley (2016): A New Political Player. The Role of Super PACs in Congressional Elections, University of Connecticut, online verfügbar unter <http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1478&context=srhonors_theses>, zuletzt geprüft am 03.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  357. HAYES, Danny/ MCKEE, Seth C. (2009): The Participatory Effects of Redistricting, in: American Journal of Political Science, Jg. 53, H. 4, S. 1006–1023. Google Scholar öffnen
  358. HEARD, Alexander (1962): The Costs of Democracy. Financing American Political Campaigns, Garden City, NY: Anchor Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  359. HEBENSTREIT, Jörg (2016): Wahlkampffinanzierung seit 2008: The Rise of Big Money, in: Gellner, Winand/ Horst, Patrick (Hg.): Die USA am Ende der Präsidentschaft Barack Obamas, Wiesbaden: Springer VS, S. 85–107. Google Scholar öffnen
  360. HEBENSTREIT, Jörg (2017): Does Money Matter? Wahlkampffinanzierung und die US-Präsidentschaftswahlen 2016, in: Gellner, Winand/ Oswald, Michael (Hg.): Die USA nach den Wahlen, Wiesbaden: Springer VS, x-y. Google Scholar öffnen
  361. HEIDEKING, Jürgen/ Mauch, Christof (2008): Geschichte der USA, 6. Aufl., Tübingen: UTB. Google Scholar öffnen
  362. HEIDENHEIMER, Arnold J. (Hg.) (1970): Comparative Political Finance: The Financing of Party Organizations and Elections Campaigns, Lexington, MA: Heath. Google Scholar öffnen
  363. HELLMAN, Deborah/ SCHULTZ, David (2016): Problems in the Existing Jurisprudence, in: University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Jg. 164, H. 2, S. 207–214. Google Scholar öffnen
  364. HENNING, Peter J. (2015): Treating Corporations as People, in: The New York Times vom 26.05.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/27/business/dealbook/treating-corporations-as-people.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.05.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  365. HENNIS, Wilhelm (1964): Richtlinienkompetenz und Regierungstechnik, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Google Scholar öffnen
  366. HEPP IV, John H. (2003): Colleges and Universities, in: Schlup, Leonard/ Ryan, James G. (Hg.): Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age, New York, NY: M. E. Sharpe, S. 101. Google Scholar öffnen
  367. HERRNSON, Paul S. (2008): Congressional elections: Campaigning at home and in Washington, Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  368. HERRNSON, Paul S./ CAMPBELL, Colton C./ EZRA, Marni/ MEDVIC, Stephen K. (Hg.) (2005): Guide to Political Campaigns in America, Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  369. HERRON, Michael C./ WISEMAN, Alan E. (2008): Gerrymanders and Theories of Law Making: A Study of Legislative Redistricting in Illinois, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 70, H. 1, S. 151–167. Google Scholar öffnen
  370. HILDEBRANDT, Achim/ JÄCKLE, Sebastian/ WOLF, Frieder/ HEINDL, Andreas (2015): Methodologie, Methoden, Forschungsdesign. Ein Lehrbuch für fortgeschrittene Studierende der Politikwissenschaft, Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien. Google Scholar öffnen
  371. HILL, Nathan (2016): The Nix. A novel, London: Picador. Google Scholar öffnen
  372. HILL, Seth J./ LO, James/ VAVRECK, Lynn/ ZALLER, John (2013): How QuicklyWe Forget: The Duration of Persuasion Effects From Mass Communication, in: Political Communication, Jg. 30, H. 4, S. 521–547. Google Scholar öffnen
  373. HOFSTADTER, Richard (1955): The Age of Reform. From Bryan to F.D.R., New York, NY: Vintage Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  374. HOGAN, Robert E. (1999): Campaign Spending in State Legislative Primary Elections, in: State and Local Government Review, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 214–220. Google Scholar öffnen
  375. HOGAN, Robert E. (2007): The Effect of Candidate Gender on Campaign Spending in State Legislative Elections, in: Social Science Quarterly, Jg. 88, H. 5, S. 1092–1105. Google Scholar öffnen
  376. HOHENSTEIN, Kurt (2007): Coining Corruption. The Making of the American Campaign Finance System, DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  377. HOHMANN, James (2014): Begich finally concedes Alaska race, in: Politico vom 17.11.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2014/11/2014-alaska-elections-mark-begich-dan-sullivan-112970>, zuletzt geprüft am 26.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  378. HOIDN, Sabine (2010): Lernkompetenzen an Hochschulen fördern, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Google Scholar öffnen
  379. HOLBROOK-PROVOW, Thomas M./ POE, Steven C. (1987): Measuring State Political Ideology, in: American Politics Quarterly, Jg. 15, H. 3, S. 399–416. Google Scholar öffnen
  380. HÖNNIGE, Christoph (2007): Verfassungsgericht, Regierung und Opposition. Die vergleichende Analyse eines Spannungsdreiecks, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Google Scholar öffnen
  381. HORNER, Christopher C. (2015): In support of Citizens United, against targeting political speech, in: The Hill vom 12.02.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/232535-in-support-of-citizens-united-against-targeting-political-speech>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  382. HOSIE, Duncan (2014): The Broken Promise of Citizens United, in: The Huffington Post vom 12.02.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/duncan-hosie/the-broken-promises-of-ci_b_6241700.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 01.09.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  383. HSU, Jordan (2014): More of the Same: The High-Cost Impotence of Citizens United, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, online verfügbar unter <https://polisci.ucsd.edu/undergrad/honors-program/More%20of%20the%20Same.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.06.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  384. HUBBARD, Glenn/ KANE, Tim (2013): In Defense of Citizens United. Why Campaign Finance Reform Threatens American Democracy, in: Foreign Affairs, Jg. 126, H. July/August, S. 126–133. Google Scholar öffnen
  385. HÜBNER, Emil (2007): Das politische System der USA. Eine Einführung, 6., durchgesehene und aktualisierte Auflage, München: C. H. Beck. Google Scholar öffnen
  386. HULSE, Carl (2016): Steve Israel of New York, a Top House Democrat, Won't Seek Re-election, in: The New York Times vom 05.01.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/06/us/politics/steve-israel-house-democrat-new-york.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 20.01.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  387. HUNT, Albert R. (2012): In Politics, More Can Mean Less, in: The New York Times vom 09.12.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/10/us/10iht-letter10.html?mcubz=0>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  388. HUNTER HECHT, Stacey/ SCHULTZ, David (Hg.) (2015): Presidential Swing States. Why Only Ten Matter, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  389. ICPSR (2017): State Legislative Election Returns in the United States Series, online verfügbar unter <https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/series/52>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  390. INGLEHART, Ronald (2015): The Silent Revolution. Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  391. INGRAHAM, Christopher (2014): America's most gerrymandered congressional districts, in: The Washington Post vom 15.05.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/05/15/americas-most-gerrymandered-congressional-districts/>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  392. INGRAHAM, Christopher (2014): How gerrymandered is your Congressional district?, in: The Washington Post vom 15.05.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/politics/gerrymandering/>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  393. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE (2017): Types of Tax-Exempt Organizations, online verfügbar unter <https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/types-of-tax-exempt-organizations>, zuletzt geprüft am 06.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  394. ISRAEL, Steve (2016): Confessions of a Congressman, in: The New York Times vom 08.01.2016, A19. Google Scholar öffnen
  395. ISSACHAROFF, Samuel (2011): On Political Corruption, in: Youn, Monica (Hg.): Money, Politics, and the Constitution. Beyond Citizens United, New York: The Century Foundation Press, S. 119–134. Google Scholar öffnen
  396. ISSACHAROFF, Samuel (2016): Outsourcing Politics: The Hostile Takeovers of Our Hollowed Out Political Parties, New York University School of Law, New York, NY, Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series, 16-52, online verfügbar unter <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2888064>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.01.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  397. ISSACHAROFF, Samuel/ KARLAN, Pamela S. (1999): The Hydraulics of Campaign Finance Reform, in: Texas Law Review, Jg. 77, H. 7, S. 1705–1738. Google Scholar öffnen
  398. ISSACHAROFF, Samuel/ PETERMAN, Jeremy (2013): Special Interests After Citizens United: Access, Replacement, and Interest Group Response to Legal Change, in: Annual Review of Political Science, Jg. 16, H. 9, S. 185–205. Google Scholar öffnen
  399. ISSACHAROFF, Samuel/ PETERMAN, Jeremy (2013): Special Interests After Citizens United. Access, Replacement, and Interest Group Response to Legal Change, New York University School of Law, NYU Center for Law, Economics and Organization, Law & Economics Research Paper Series, Working Paper No. 13-02, online verfügbar unter <http://ssrn.com/abstract=2222063>. Google Scholar öffnen
  400. ISSACHAROFF, Samuel/ PILDES, Richard H. (1998): Politics As Markets: Partisan Lockups of the Democratic Process, in: Stanford Law Review, Jg. 50, H. 3, S. 643–717. Google Scholar öffnen
  401. IYENGAR, Shanto/ SOOD, Gaurav/ LELKES, Yphtach (2012): Affect Not Ideology, A Social Identity Perspective on Polarization, in: Public Opinion Quarterly, Jg. 76, H. 3, S. 405–431. Google Scholar öffnen
  402. JACKSON, Robert A./ CARSEY, Thomas M. (2007): US Senate campaigns, negative advertising, and voter mobilization in the 1998 midterm election, in: Electoral Studies, Jg. 26, H. 1, S. 180–195. Google Scholar öffnen
  403. JACOBSON, Gary C. (1976): Practical Consequences of Campaign Finance Reform. An Incumbent Protection Act?, in: Public Policy, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 1–32. Google Scholar öffnen
  404. JACOBSON, Gary C. (1978): The Effects of Campaign Spending in Congressional Elections, in: American Political Science Review, Jg. 72, H. 2, S. 469–491. Google Scholar öffnen
  405. JACOBSON, Gary C. (1980): Money in Congressional Elections, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  406. JACOBSON, Gary C. (1984): Money in the 1980 and 1982 congressional elections, in: Malbin, Michael J. (Hg.): Money and politics in the United States: Financing elections in the 1980s, Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, S. 38–69. Google Scholar öffnen
  407. JACOBSON, Gary C. (1985): Money and Votes Reconsidered. Congressional Elections 1972-1982, in: Public Choice, Jg. 47, H. 1, S. 7–62. Google Scholar öffnen
  408. JACOBSON, Gary C. (1987): Enough Is Too Much: Money and Competition in House Elections, in: Schlozman, Kay L. (Hg.): Elections in America, Winchester, MA: Allan and Unwin, S. 173–195. Google Scholar öffnen
  409. JACOBSON, Gary C. (1989): Strategic Politicians and the Dynamics of U.S. House Elections, 1946-86, in: The American Political Science Review, Jg. 83, H. 3, S. 773. Google Scholar öffnen
  410. JACOBSON, Gary C. (1990): The Effects of Campaign Spending in House Elections: New Evidence for Old Arguments, in: American Journal of Political Science, Jg. 34, H. 2, S. 334–362. Google Scholar öffnen
  411. JACOBSON, Gary C. (2006): Measuring Campaign Spending Effects in U.S. House Elections, in: Brady, Henry E./ Johnston, Richard (Hg.): Capturing Campaign Effects, Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, S. 199–220. Google Scholar öffnen
  412. JACOBSON, Gary C. (2011): The Republican Resurgence in 2010, in: Political Science Quarterly, Jg. 127, H. 1, S. 27–52. Google Scholar öffnen
  413. JACOBSON, Gary C. (2015): How Do Campaigns Matter?, in: Annual Review of Political Science, Jg. 18, H. 1, S. 31–47. Google Scholar öffnen
  414. JACOBSON, Gary C./ CARSON, Jamie L. (2016): The politics of congressional elections, 9. Aufl., Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. Google Scholar öffnen
  415. JACOBSON, Gary C./ KERNELL, Samuel (1983): Strategy and choice in Congressional elections, New Haven, CT. Google Scholar öffnen
  416. JAMISON, Derrick D./ GORE, Gina (Hg.) (2012): Super PACs (Political Action Committees). The New Force in Federal Elections, Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers. Google Scholar öffnen
  417. JAN, Tracy (2013): Turning the political map into a partisan weapon. The GOP's national effort to control redistricting has cemented its grip on the House but also intensified gridlock, in: Boston Globe vom 23.06.2013, online verfügbar unter <https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2013/06/22/new-district-maps-reaped-rewards-for-gop-congress-but-cost-fewer-moderates-more-gridlock/B6jCugm94tpBvVu77ay0wJ/story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  418. JARRETT, Laura/ JORGENSEN, Sarah (2017): Prosecution rests in Menendez corruption trial, in: CNN News vom 13.10.2017, online verfügbar unter <http://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/11/politics/prosecution-rests-robert-menendez-trial/index.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  419. JENCKS, Christopher (2009): Does Rising Economic Inequality Matter?, in: King, Gary/ Lehman Schlozman, Kay/ Nie, Norman H. (Hg.): The Future of Political Science. 100 Perspectives, New York, London: Routledge, S. 115–117. Google Scholar öffnen
  420. JOESTEN, Danielle A./ STONE, Walter J. (2014): Reassessing Proximity Voting. Expertise, Party, and Choice in Congressional Elections, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 76, H. 3, S. 740–753. Google Scholar öffnen
  421. JOHNSON, Dennis W. (2001): No Place for Amateurs. How Political Consultants Are Reshaping American Democracy, New York/ London: Routledge. Google Scholar öffnen
  422. JOHNSTON, Michael (2016): The Supreme Court’s new definition of corruption is out of step with what Americans think, in: The Washington Post vom 20.07.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/07/20/defining-corruption-is-inherently-political-why-do-we-think-the-supreme-court-will-solve-it/>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  423. JOLLY, David: I see members of Congress shake down Americans every single day, in: The Guardian vom, online verfügbar unter <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/18/members-of-congress-like-me-shake-down-americans-every-single-day>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  424. JONES, Ruth S. (1993): Campaign and Party Finance in the American States, in: Gunlicks, Arthur B. (Hg.): Campaign and Party Finance in North America and Western Europe, Boulder/ San Francisco/ Oxford: Westview Press, S. 41–67. Google Scholar öffnen
  425. JONSSON, Patrik (2010): ‘Fighting’ Obama hits Supreme Court over campaign finance, in: The Christian Science Monitor vom 23.01.2010, online verfügbar unter <http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2010/0123/Fighting-Obama-hits-Supreme-Court-over-campaign-finance>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  426. JORGENSEN, Sarah (2017): Who is Salomon Melgen?, in: CNN News vom 05.09.2017, online verfügbar unter <http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/05/politics/who-is-salomon-melgen/index.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  427. JOSEPHSON, Matthew (1962): The Robber Barons. The Great American Capitalists, Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace. Google Scholar öffnen
  428. KALLA, Joshua L./ BROOCKMAN, David E. (2016): Campaign Contributions Facilitate Access to Congressional Officials: A Randomized Field Experiment, in: American Journal of Political Science, Jg. 60, H. 3, S. 545–558. Google Scholar öffnen
  429. KALTENTHALER, Heike (2000): Das Geheimnis des Wahlerfolgs. Negative Campaigning in den USA, Wien u.a. Google Scholar öffnen
  430. KAMPS, Klaus (2007): Politisches Kommunikationsmanagement. Grundlagen und Professionalisierung moderner Politikvermittlung, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Google Scholar öffnen
  431. KANG, Michael S. (2005): The Hydraulics and Politics of Party Regulation, in: Iowa Law Review, Jg. 91, H. 1, S. 131–187. Google Scholar öffnen
  432. KANG, Michael S. (2012): The End of Campaign Finance Law, in: Virginia Law Review, Jg. 98, H. 1, S. 1–66. Google Scholar öffnen
  433. KAPLAN, Andee/ HARE, Eric/ HOFMANN, Heike/ COOK, Dianne (2014): Can You Buy a President? Politics After the Tillman Act, in: CHANCE, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 20–30. Google Scholar öffnen
  434. KARLAN, Pamela S. (2014): Citizens Deflected: Electoral Integrity and Political Reform, in: Post, Robert C. (Hg.): Citizens Divided. Campaign Finance Reform and the Constitution, Cambridge, MA/ London: Harvard University Press (The Tanner Lectures on Human Values), S. 141–151. Google Scholar öffnen
  435. KATZ, Alyssa (2015): The Influence Machine. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the Corporate Capture of American Life, New York, NY: Spiegel & Grau. Google Scholar öffnen
  436. KAZIN, Michael (2007): Rove fails where his hero succeeded, in: Politico vom 02.07.2007, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2007/07/rove-fails-where-his-hero-succeeded-004754>, zuletzt geprüft am 09.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  437. KEDING, Ole (2015): Online-Kommunikation von Organisationen. Strategisches Handeln unter komplexen Bedingungen, Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
  438. KELLER, Eric/ KELLY, Nathan J. (2015): Partisan Politics, Financial Deregulation, and the New Gilded Age, in: Political Research Quarterly, Jg. 68, H. 3, S. 428–442. Google Scholar öffnen
  439. KELLY, Patrick J. (2004): The Election of 1896 and the Restructuring of Civil War Memory, in: Fahs, Alice/ Waugh, Joan (Hg.): The Memory of the Civil War in American Culture, Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, S. 180–212. Google Scholar öffnen
  440. KENDALL, Doug (2009): Elections for Sale? If the Supreme Court lifts restrictions on corporate campaign contributions, watch out, in: Los Angeles Times vom 08.09.2009, online verfügbar unter <http://articles.latimes.com/2009/sep/08/opinion/oe-kendall8>, zuletzt geprüft am 11.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  441. KENNY, Christopher/ MCBURNETT, Michael (1992): A Dynamic Model of the Effect of Campaign Spending on Congressional Vote Choice, in: American Journal of Political Science, Jg. 36, H. 4, S. 923–937. Google Scholar öffnen
  442. KEY, V. O. (1955): A Theory of Critical Elections, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 17, H. 1, S. 3–18. Google Scholar öffnen
  443. KEY, V. O. (1966): The Responsible Electorate. Rationality in Presidential Voting, 1936-1960, New York: Vintage Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  444. KILGORE, Ed (2015): The “Super-PAC Tax”, in: Washington Monthly vom 06.07.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://washingtonmonthly.com/2015/07/06/the-super-pac-tax/>, zuletzt geprüft am 02.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  445. KING, Gary (1991): Constituency Service and Incumbency Advantage, in: British Journal of Political Science, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 119–128. Google Scholar öffnen
  446. KING, Gary/ KEOHANE, Robert O./ VERBA, Sidney (1994): Designing Social Inquiry. Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  447. KING, Gary/ LEHMAN SCHLOZMAN, Kay/ NIE, Norman H. (Hg.) (2009): The Future of Political Science. 100 Perspectives, New York, London: Routledge. Google Scholar öffnen
  448. KINSLEY, Michael (2012): Citizens United was the right decision. We may not like the consequences, but the decision was the correct one, in: Star Tribune vom 11.07.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.startribune.com/citizens-united-was-the-right-decision/162137165/>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  449. KINSLEY, Michael (2016): Did the Supreme Court Make the Right Decision in the Citizens United Case After All?, in: Vanity Fair vom 02.05.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/04/supreme-court-citizens-united-case-decision>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  450. KITTEL, Bernhard (2009): Eine Disziplin auf der Suche nach Wissenschaftlichkeit: Entwicklung und Stand der Methoden in der deutschen Politikwissenschaft, in: Politische Vierteljahresschrift, Jg. 50, H. 3, S. 577–603. Google Scholar öffnen
  451. KLEIN, Ezra (2012): Predict the 2012 election with our interactive tool, in: Washington Post vom 24.04.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/create-your-own-election/2012/04/24/gIQAuaOIeT_blog.html?utm_term=.e3fa47262f6e>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  452. KLEIN, Ezra (2014): The most terrifying graph on democracy is a flat line, in: Vox vom 14.05.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.vox.com/2014/5/14/5718080/the-most-terrifying-graph-about-democracy-is-a-straight-line>, zuletzt geprüft am 09.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  453. KLEIN, Joe (2005): The Perils of the Permanent Campaign, in: TIME Magazine vom 30.10.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1124332,00.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 12.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  454. KLUMPP, Tilman/ MIALON, Hugo/ WILLIAMS, Michael (2012): Money Talks. The Impact of Citizens United on State Elections, University of Alberta Working Paper No. 2012-18. Google Scholar öffnen
  455. KLUMPP, Tilman/ MIALON, Hugo M./ WILLIAMS, Michael (2016): The Business of American Democracy: Citizens United, Independent Spending, and Elections, in: Journal of Law and Economics, Jg. 59, H. 1, S. 1–43. Google Scholar öffnen
  456. KLUMPP, Tilman/ MIALON, Hugo M./ WILLIAMS, Michael A. (2016): Yes, 'Citizens United'gives Republicans an electoral edge. Here's proof, in: The Washington Post vom 07.04.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/yes-citizens-united-gives-republicans-an-electoral-edge-heres-proof/2016/04/07/c9fe3fa4-fb5c-11e5-886f-a037dba38301_story.html?utm_term=.e8c92fde4c6c>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  457. KNIGHT, Kathleen/ MARSH, Michael (2002): Varieties of election studies, in: Electoral Studies, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 169–187. Google Scholar öffnen
  458. KOLB, Matthias (2014): Demokraten flirten mit dem großen Geld, in: Süddeutsche Zeitung vom 09.10.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/kongresswahlen-in-usa-demokraten-flirten-mit-dem-grossen-geld-1.2165671>, zuletzt geprüft am 16.06.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  459. KOLODNY, Robin (2014): Do We Know the Cost of Campaigns in the US?, online verfügbar unter <https://sites.temple.edu/kolodny/files/2014/12/Kolodny-APSA-2014-Final.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 08.03.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  460. KOß, Michael (2008): Staatliche Parteienfinanzierung und politischer Wettbewerb. Die Entwicklung der Finanzierungsregimes in Deutschland, Schweden, Großbritannien und Frankreich, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Google Scholar öffnen
  461. KROLL, Andy (2015): The Chairwoman Who’s At War With Her Own Agency, in: National Journal vom 13.10.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nationaljournal.com/s/84089/chairwoman-whos-war-with-her-own-agency>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.11.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  462. KROMM, Chris (2011): The Art Pope empire: Media outlets, think tanks and election machines, in: Independent Weekly vom 09.03.2011, online verfügbar unter <https://www.indyweek.com/indyweek/the-art-pope-empire-media-outlets-think-tanks-and-election-machines/Content?oid=2140145>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  463. KROMM, Chris/ KOTCH, Alex (2016): Big Money's map mischief in North Carolina, Institute for Southern Studies, online verfügbar unter <https://www.facingsouth.org/2016/02/big-moneys-map-mischief-in-north-carolina>, zuletzt geprüft am 08.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  464. KROPP, Sabine/ MINKENBERG, Michael (Hg.) (2005): Vergleichen in der Politikwissenschaft, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Google Scholar öffnen
  465. KRUMHOLZ, Sheila (2013): Campaign Cash and Corruption: Money in Politics, Post-Citizens United, in: Social Research: An International Quarterly, Jg. 80, H. 4, S. 1119–1134. Google Scholar öffnen
  466. KUHNER, Timothy K. (2011): Citizens United as Neoliberal Jurisprudence: The Resurgence of Economic Theory, in: Virginia Journal of Social Policy & the Law, Jg. 18, H. 1, S. 395–468. Google Scholar öffnen
  467. KUHNER, Timothy K. (2014): Capitalism v. Democracy. Money in Politics and the Free Market Constitution, Stanford: Stanford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  468. KUHNER, Timothy K. (2016): Plutocracy and Partyocracy: Oligarchies Born of Constitutional Interpretation, in: Review of Constitutional Studies / Revue d’études constitutionnelles, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 115–142. Google Scholar öffnen
  469. KURTZLEBEN, Danielle (2016): Is The Electoral College Dragging Down Voter Turnout in Your State?, in: National Public Radio vom 26.11.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.npr.org/2016/11/26/503170280/charts-is-the-electoral-college-dragging-down-voter-turnout-in-your-state>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  470. LA RAJA, Raymond J. (2011): Small Change. Money, Political Parties, and Campaign Finance Reform, Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  471. LA RAJA, Raymond J./ SCHAFFNER, Brian F. (2014): The effects of campaign finance spending bans on electoral outcomes: Evidence from the states about the potential impact of Citizens United v. FEC, in: Electoral Studies, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 102–114. Google Scholar öffnen
  472. LA RAJA, Raymond J./ SCHAFFNER, Brian F. (2014): Want to Reduce polarization? Give parties more money, in: The Washington Post vom 21.07.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/07/21/want-to-reduce-polarization-give-parties-more-money/>, zuletzt geprüft am 01.10.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  473. LA RAJA, Raymond J./ SCHAFFNER, Brian F. (2015): Campaign Finance and Political Polarization. When Purists Prevail, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  474. LA RAJA, Raymond J./ SCHAFFNER, Brian F. (2015): Unlimited party fundraising and spending gives you less polarized legislatures? Discuss., in: The Washington Post vom 08.07.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2015/07/08/unlimited-party-fundraising-and-spending-gives-you-less-polarized-legislatures-discuss/>, zuletzt geprüft am 30.09.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  475. LACEY, Michael J. (Hg.) (1991): The Truman Presidency, Cambridge, u.a.: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  476. LAMMERT, Christian/ SIEWERT, Markus/ VORMANN, Boris (Hg.) (2016): Handbuch Politik USA, Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
  477. LANDFRIED, Christine (1990): Parteifinanzen und politische Macht: Eine vergleichende Studie zur Bundesrepublik Deutschland, zu Italien und den USA, Baden-Baden: Nomos. Google Scholar öffnen
  478. LANOUE, David J. (1994): Retrospective and Prospective Voting in Presidential-Year Elections, in: Political Research Quarterly, Jg. 47, H. 1, S. 193–205. Google Scholar öffnen
  479. LAU, Richard R./ ANDERSEN, David J./ DITONTO, Tessa M./ KLEINBERG, Mona S./ REDLAWSK, David P. (2017): Effect of Media Environment Diversity and Advertising Tone on Information Search, Selective Exposure, and Affective Polarization, in: Political Behavior, Jg. 39, H. 1, S. 231–255. Google Scholar öffnen
  480. LAU, Richard R./ SIGELMAN, Lee/ ROVNER, Ivy Brown (2007): The Effects of Negative Political Campaigns: A Meta-Analytic Reassessment, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 69, H. 4, S. 1176–1209. Google Scholar öffnen
  481. LAZARSFELD, Paul F. (1944): The Election is Over, in: Public Opinion Quarterly, Jg. 8, H. 3, S. 317–330. Google Scholar öffnen
  482. LAZARSFELD, Paul F./ BERELSON, Bernard R./ GAUDET, Hazel (1968): The People's Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign, 3. Aufl., New York: Columbia University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  483. LEE, Chisun/ FERGUSON, Brent (2014): To see how Citizens United is hurting democracy, look at local elections, MSNBC News, online verfügbar unter <http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/see-how-citizens-united-hurting-democracy-look-local-elections>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.07.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  484. LEIGHLEY, Jan E. (Hg.) (2010): The Oxford Handbook of American Elections and Political Behavior, New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  485. LEMBCKE, Oliver (2017): Thüringer Verfassungsgerichtshof, in: Reutter, Werner (Hg.): Landesverfassungsgerichte. Entwicklung - Aufbau - Funktionen, Wiesbaden: Springer VS, S. 389–420. Google Scholar öffnen
  486. LEMIEUX, Scott (2016): The Five Worst Roberts Court Rulings, in: The American Prospect vom 01.08.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://prospect.org/article/five-worst-roberts-court-rulings>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  487. LEPORE, Jill (2012): Money Talks. Who’s Fighting For Campaign-Finance Reform, in: The New Yorker vom 10.07.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/money-talks-whos-fighting-for-campaign-finance-reform>. Google Scholar öffnen
  488. LERNER, Adam (2015): Citizens United protests interrupt Supreme Court arguments, in: Politico vom 21.01.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/citizens-united-supreme-court-arguments-114456>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  489. LESSIG, Lawrence (2011): Republic, Lost. How Money Corrupts Congress - and a Plan to Stop It, New York: Twelve. Google Scholar öffnen
  490. LESSIG, Lawrence (2014): Out-Posting Post, in: Post, Robert C. (Hg.): Citizens Divided. Campaign Finance Reform and the Constitution, Cambridge, MA/ London: Harvard University Press (The Tanner Lectures on Human Values), S. 97–105. Google Scholar öffnen
  491. LESSIG, Lawrence (2015): Corrupt and Unequal, Both, in: Fordham Law Review, Jg. 84, H. 2, S. 445–452. Google Scholar öffnen
  492. LESSIG, Lawrence (2015): One Mission: There is one issue we must address first in the 2016 election, online verfügbar unter <https://lessig2016.us/one-mission/>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  493. LESSIG, Lawrence/ ISQUITH, Elias (2014): Cronies, corruption and cash: Lawrence Lessing on why we need a super PAC to end all super PACs. Harvard professor tells Salon the strategy, nuts-and-bolts and urgent rationale behind his nascent "Mayday PAC", in: Salon vom 18.06.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.salon.com/2014/06/18/teaching_us_to_hate_each_other_lawrence_lessig_on_his_super_pac_to_end_all_super_pacs/>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.05.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  494. LEVI, Margaret/ STOKER, Laura (2000): Political Trust and Trustworthiness, in: Annual Review of Political Science, Jg. 3, H. 4, S. 475–507. Google Scholar öffnen
  495. LEVITT, Justin (2014): Electoral Integrity: The Confidence Game, in: New York University Law Review, Jg. 89, H. 1, S. 70–86. Google Scholar öffnen
  496. LEVITT, Justin (2017): Who draws the lines?, All About Redistricting. Professor Justin Levitt's guide to drawing the electoral lines, <http://redistricting.lls.edu/who.php>, zuletzt geprüft am 06.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  497. LEVITT, Steven D. (1994): Using Repeat Challengers to Estimate the Effect of Campaign Spending on Election Outcomes in the U.S. House, in: The Journal of Political Economy, Jg. 102, H. 4, S. 777–798. Google Scholar öffnen
  498. LEVITT, Steven D./ DUBNER, Stephen J. (2007): Freakonomics. Warum wohnen Drogenhändler bei ihren Müttern? Führt mehr Polizei zu weniger Kriminalität? Sind Swimmingpools gefährlicher als Revolver? Macht gute Erziehung glücklich?, Überraschende Antworten auf alltägliche Lebensfragen, München: Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag. Google Scholar öffnen
  499. LEWIS, Lindsay Mark/ ARKEDIS, Jim (2014): So You've Won a Seat in Congress - Now What. A simple guide for how new members can find success (Hint: Fundraising, fundraising, and fundraising), in: The Atlantic vom 06.11.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/11/so-youve-won-election-to-congressnow-what/382421/>, zuletzt geprüft am 16.05.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  500. LEWIS-BECK, Michael S./ JACOBY, William G./ NORPOTH, Helmut/ WEISBERG, Herbert F. (2008): The American Voter Revisited. With a foreword by Philip E. Converse, Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  501. LEWIS-BECK, Michael S./ PALDAM, Martin (2000): Economic Voting. An Introduction, in: Electoral Studies, Jg. 19, H. 1, S. 113–121. Google Scholar öffnen
  502. LEWISON, Jed (2012): 22 consecutive political ads during half-hour Columbus, Ohio, newscast, Hg. v. Daily Kos Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/11/1/1153753/-22-consecutive-political-ads-during-half-hour-Columbus-Ohio-newscast>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  503. LICHTBLAU, Eric (2015): Bernie Sanders’s Success in Attracting Small Donors Tests Importance of ‘Super PACs’, in: The New York Times vom 25.08.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/26/us/politics/bernie-sanders-success-in-attracting-small-donors-tests-importance-of-super-pacs.html?mcubz=0&_r=0>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  504. LICHTMAN, Allan J. (2012): Predicting the next president. The keys to the White House, 2012. Aufl., Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield. Google Scholar öffnen
  505. LICHTMAN, Allan J. (2014): Who rules America?, in: The Hill vom 12.04.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/civil-rights/214857-who-rules-america>, zuletzt geprüft am 09.07.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  506. LIJPHART, Arend (2009): The United States: A Different Democracy, in: King, Gary/ Lehman Schlozman, Kay/ Nie, Norman H. (Hg.): The Future of Political Science. 100 Perspectives, New York, London: Routledge, S. 1–3. Google Scholar öffnen
  507. LIOZ, Adam/ SHANTON, Karen (2015): The Money Chase. Moving from Big Money Dominance in the 2014 Midterms to a Small Donor Democracy, unter Mitarbeit von Emma Boorboor, Michael Russo und Dan Smith, Demos; U.S.PIRG, New York, online verfügbar unter <http://www.demos.org/sites/default/files/publications/TheMoneyChase-Report_0.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.06.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  508. LIPTAK, Adam (2017): Justices Reject 2 Gerrymandered North Carolina Districts, Citing Racial Bias, in: The New York Times vom 22.05.2017, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/22/us/politics/supreme-court-north-carolina-congressional-districts.html?mcubz=0>, zuletzt geprüft am 08.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  509. LITHWICK, Dahlia (2009): The Supreme Court Reviews Hillary: The Movie, in: Slate vom 24.03.2009, online verfügbar unter <http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/supreme_court_dispatches/2009/03/the_supreme_court_reviews_hillary_the_movie.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  510. LOS ANGELES TIMES EDITORIAL BOARD (2016): With campaign costs about to skyrocket, Donald Trump suddenly loses his aversion to fundraising, in: Los Angeles Times vom 05.05.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.latimes.com/opinion/editorials/la-ol-trump-fundraising-flip-flop-20160505-story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  511. LOWERY, Wesley (2014): 91% of the time the better-financed candidates wins. Don't act surprised, in: The Washington Post vom 04.03.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2014/04/04/think-money-doesnt-matter-in-elections-this-chart-says-youre-wrong/>, zuletzt geprüft am 22.01.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  512. LUBENOW, Gerald C. (Hg.) (2011): A User's Guide to Campaign Finance Reform, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Google Scholar öffnen
  513. LUO, Michael (2008): Obama hauls in record $750 million for campaign, in: The New York Times vom 05.12.2008, online verfügbar unter <11.06.2017>, zuletzt geprüft am http://www.nytimes.com/05.12.2008/politics/05donate.html. Google Scholar öffnen
  514. LUO, Michael (2012): A Secret Donor Revealed, in: The New York Times vom 07.02.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/07/a-secret-donor-revealed/>, zuletzt geprüft am 03.11.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  515. MACGILLIS, Alec (2012): Coal Miner's Donor, in: The New Republic vom 04.10.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://newrepublic.com/article/108140/coal-miners-donor-mitt-romney-benefactor>, zuletzt geprüft am 25.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  516. MACKEY, John (2009): The Whole Foods Alternative to ObamaCare. Eight things we can do to improve health care without adding to the deficit, in: The Wall Street Journal vom 11.08.2009, online verfügbar unter <https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204251404574342170072865070>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  517. MAGARIAN, Gregory P. (2017): Managed Speech. The Roberts Court's First Amendment, New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  518. MAGLEBY, David B. (Hg.) (2014): Financing the 2012 Election, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  519. MAGLEBY, David B./ NELSON, Candice J. (1990): The Money Chase. Congressional Campaign Finance Reform, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  520. MAGUIRE, Robert (2013): OpenSecrets.org's New Dark Money Data Measures Groups' Politicization, Center for Responsive Politics, Open Secrets Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2013/09/opensecretsorgs-new-dark-money-data-measures-groups-politicization/>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  521. MAGUIRE, Robert (2015): Five Realities Five Years After: The Post-Citizens United Landscape, Center for Responsive Politics, Open Secrets Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/01/five-realities-five-years-after-the-post-citizens-united-landscape/>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  522. MAGUIRE, Robert (2015): Final Tally: 2014's Midterm Was Most Expensive, With Fewer Donors, Center for Responsive Politics, Open Secrets Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/02/final-tally-2014s-midterm-was-most-expensive-with-fewer-donors/>, zuletzt geprüft am 24.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  523. MAGUIRE, Robert (2016): $1.4 billion and counting in spending by super PACs, dark money groups, Center for Responsive Politics, Open Secrets Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2016/11/1-4-billion-and-counting-in-spending-by-super-pacs-dark-money-groups/>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  524. MAHONEY, James/ GOERTZ, Gary (2006): A Tale of Two Cultures: Contrasting Quantitative and Qualitative Research, in: Political Analysis, Jg. 14, H. 3, S. 227–249. Google Scholar öffnen
  525. MAISEL, Louis Sandy (1982): From Obscurity to Oblivion. Running in the Congressional Primary, Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  526. MALBIN, Michael J. (Hg.) (1984): Money and politics in the United States: Financing elections in the 1980s, Chatham, NJ: Chatham House. Google Scholar öffnen
  527. MALBIN, Michael J. (2013): Small Donors: Incentives, Economies of Scale, and Effects, in: The Forum, Jg. 11, H. 3, S. 385–411. Google Scholar öffnen
  528. MALBIN, Michael J. (2017): Three Policy Paths after Citizens United: A Critical Review Essay, in: Tulsa Law Review, Jg. 52, H. 3, S. 537–552. Google Scholar öffnen
  529. MALBIN, Michael J./ BRUSOE, Peter W./ JOE, Wesley Y./ PIMLOTT, Jamie P./ WILCOX, Clyde (2007): The CFI Small Donor Project. An Overview of the Project and a Preliminary Report on State Legislative Candidates' Perspectives on Donors and Volunteers, The Campaign Finance Institute. Google Scholar öffnen
  530. MANDERSCHEID, Katharina (2012): Sozialwissenschaftliche Datenanalyse mit R. Eine Einführung, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Google Scholar öffnen
  531. MANN, Thomas E. (2003): Linking Knowledge and Action: Political Science and Campaign Finance Reform, in: Perspectives on Politics, Jg. 1, H. 1, S. 69–83. Google Scholar öffnen
  532. MANN, Thomas E. (2009): The Rashomon World Of Money And Politics, in: King, Gary/ Lehman Schlozman, Kay/ Nie, Norman H. (Hg.): The Future of Political Science. 100 Perspectives, New York, London: Routledge, S. 112–114. Google Scholar öffnen
  533. MANN, Thomas E. (2011): Campaign Finance in the Wake of Citizens United, in: The John Marshall Law Review, Jg. 44, H. 4, S. 583–594. Google Scholar öffnen
  534. MANN, Thomas E. (2016): We Must Address Gerrymandering. Political districts no longer represent the people - and lead to more paralyzing partisanship, in: TIME Magazine vom 13.10.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://time.com/4527291/2016-election-gerrymandering/?xid=emailshare>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  535. MANN, Thomas E./ CORRADO, Anthony (2014): Party Polarization and Campaign Finance, Center for Effective Public Management (Brookings Institution), Washington, D.C., Governance Studies, online verfügbar unter <http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2014/07/polarization-and-campaign-finance/mann-and-corrad_party-polarization-and-campaign-finance.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.06.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  536. MANN, Thomas E./ CORRADO, Anthony (2014): Don't expect campaign finance reform to reduce polarization, in: The Washington Post vom 23.07.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/07/23/dont-expect-campaign-finance-reform-to-reduce-polarization/>, zuletzt geprüft am 01.10.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  537. MANN, Thomas E./ ORNSTEIN, Norman (2012): It's Even Worse Than It Looks. How the American Constitutional System Collided With the New Politics of Extremism, Philadelphia: Basic Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  538. MARK, David (2012): A constitutional amendment to reverse Citizens United?, in: Politico vom 19.06.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/arena/archive/a-constitutional-amendment-to-reverse-citizens-united.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 22.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  539. MARTIN, Jonathan/ BURNS, Alexander (2016): Key G.O.P. Donors Still Deeply Resist Donald Trump’s Candidacy, in: The New York Times vom 21.05.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/22/us/politics/donald-trump-republican-fundraising.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 09.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  540. MARTINDALE, Nathan R. (2010): Citizens Divided: Balancing the First Amendment Right to Free Speech and the Role of Private Corporations in our Nation's Elections, in: North Dakota Law Review, Jg. 86, H. 3, S. 619–640. Google Scholar öffnen
  541. MATTHEWS, Dylan (2013): The global upper class makes 32 times as much as the global lower class, in: The Washington Post vom 26.09.2013, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/09/26/wonkabroad/?utm_term=.40583125e392>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  542. MATYS, Thomas (2010): Corporations in den USA. Kämpfe um Etablierung zwischen königlicher Charter und Industrialisierung, in: Endreß, Martin/ Matys, Thomas (Hg.): Die Ökonomie der Organisation - die Organisation der Ökonomie, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, S. 121–152. Google Scholar öffnen
  543. MATYS, Thomas (2011): Legal Persons - "Kämpfe" um die organisationale Form, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Google Scholar öffnen
  544. MAYER, Jane (2011): State for Sale. A conservative multimillionaire has taken control in North Carolina, one of 2012’s top battlegrounds, in: The New Yorker vom 2011, online verfügbar unter <https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/10/10/state-for-sale>, zuletzt geprüft am 06.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  545. MAYER, Jane (2016): Dark Money. The Hidden Story of the Billioinaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right, New York, NY, u.a.: Doubleday. Google Scholar öffnen
  546. MAYER, Jane/ GROSS, Terry (2011): The Multimillionaire Helping Republicans Win N.C., in: NPR vom 06.10.2011, online verfügbar unter <http://www.npr.org/2011/10/06/141078608/the-multimillionaire-helping-republicans-win-n-c>, zuletzt geprüft am 08.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  547. MAYER, William G./ BUSCH, Andrew E. (2004): The Front-Loading Problem in Presidential Nominations, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  548. MAYERSOHN, Andrew (2015): Donor demographics: old white guys edition, part III, Center for Responsive Politics, online verfügbar unter <http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/06/donor-demographics-old-white-guys-edition-part-iii/>, zuletzt geprüft am 21.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  549. MAYERSOHN, Andrew (2017): Those prized small donors? They may not be as small as you think, Center for Responsive Politics, Open Secrets Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2017/04/small-donors-may-not-be-smol-as-you-think/>, zuletzt geprüft am 24.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  550. MAYERSOHN, Andrew/ GELERNT, Anya (2015): Donor demographics: old white guys edition, part I, Center for Responsive Politics, online verfügbar unter <http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/06/donor-demographics-old-white-guys-edition-part-i/>, zuletzt geprüft am 21.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  551. MAYHEW, David R. (2008): Incumbency Advantage in U.S. Presidential Elections. The Historical Record, in: Political Science Quarterly, Jg. 123, H. 2, S. 201–228. Google Scholar öffnen
  552. MAZUR, Allan (2007): Global Social Problems, Plymouth: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Google Scholar öffnen
  553. MCELWEE, Sean (2015): Democracy is only for rich white guys: A definitive explanation for America’s most shocking inequalities. A wealth of research data now demonstrates what should be obvious: The law only advances certain people’s interests, in: Salon vom 07.11.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.salon.com/2015/07/11/democracy_is_only_for_rich_white_guys_a_definitive_explanation_for_americas_most_shocking_inequalities/>, zuletzt geprüft am 09.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  554. MCELWEE, Sean/ RHODES, Jesse H./ SCHAFFNER, Brian F. (2016): How big is the gap between the donor class and ordinary Americans? Bigger than you think, in: The Washington Post vom 15.12.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/12/15/how-big-is-the-gap-between-the-donor-class-and-ordinary-americans-bigger-than-you-think/>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  555. MCELWEE, Sean/ SCHAFFNER, Brian F./ RHODES, Jesse H. (2016): Whose Voice, Whose Choice? The Distorting Influence of the Political Donor Class in Our Big-Money Elections, Dēmos, online verfügbar unter <http://www.demos.org/sites/default/files/publications/Whose%20Voice%20Whose%20Choice_2.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 02.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  556. MCGINNIS, John O. (2016): Liberals are dangerously wrong about Citizens United: Money is speech, in: Los Angeles Times vom 20.05.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-mcginnis-money-speech-liberals-20160522-snap-htmlstory.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  557. MCLEAN, Scott L. (2015): Purple Battlegrounds: Presidential Campaign Strategies and Swing State Voters, in: Hunter Hecht, Stacey/ Schultz, David (Hg.): Presidential Swing States. Why Only Ten Matter, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, S. 1–28. Google Scholar öffnen
  558. MCNEILL, Brian: The Supreme Court’s Shift Away from Protecting Voters to Promoting Free Expression, in: UVA Lawyer vom, S. 38–39, online verfügbar unter <http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/alumni/uvalawyer/spr12/citizens.htm>, zuletzt geprüft am 31.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  559. MEDVIC, Stephen K. (2014): Campaigns and Elections. Players and Processes, 2. Aufl., New York: Routledge. Google Scholar öffnen
  560. MENDRALA, Mallory E. (2012): Citizens Divided by Citizens United: How the Recent Supreme Court Decision Affects Small Business in Politics, in: Ohio State Entrepreneurial Business Law Journal, Jg. 7, H. 1, S. 253–282. Google Scholar öffnen
  561. MERKEL, Wolfgang (Hg.) (2015): Demokratie und Krise. Zum schwierigen Verhältnis von Theorie und Empirie, Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
  562. MEYERSON, Harold (2015): Americans see a government of, by and for the rich, in: The Washington Post vom 18.11.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/americans-see-a-government-of-by-and-for-the-rich/2015/11/18/8c8e001a-8e19-11e5-acff-673ae92ddd2b_story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 01.12.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  563. MILLER, Arthur H. (1974): Political Issues and Trust in Government: 1964-1970, in: The American Political Science Review, Jg. 68, H. 3, S. 951–972. Google Scholar öffnen
  564. MILLER, Warren E. (1980): Disinterest, Disaffection, and Participation in Presidential Politics, in: Political Behavior, Jg. 2, H. 1, S. 7–32. Google Scholar öffnen
  565. MILYO, Jeffrey (1998): The Electoral Effects of Campaign Spending in House Elections: A Natural Experiment Approach, Department of Economics, Tufts University, Discussion Papers Series, Department of Economics, Tufts University, 9806, online verfügbar unter <http://ase.tufts.edu/economics/papers/9806.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  566. MITCHELL, Alison (1998): Bill to Overhaul Campaign Finance Survives in House, in: The New York Times vom 01.08.1998, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/01/us/bill-to-overhaul-campaign-finance-survives-in-house.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 11.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  567. MOEN, Matthew C./ COPELAND, Gary W. (1999): The contemporary Congress. A bicameral approach, Belmont, CA: West/Wadsworth. Google Scholar öffnen
  568. MONCRIEF, Gary F./ NIEMI, Richard G./ POWELL, Lynda W. (2004): Time, Term Limits, and Turnover. Trends in Membership Stability in U.S. State Legislatures, in: Legislative Studies Quarterly, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 357–381. Google Scholar öffnen
  569. MONDAK, Jeffrey J./ HALPERIN, Karen D. (2008): A Framework for the Study of Personality and Political Behaviour, in: British Journal of Political Science, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 335–362. Google Scholar öffnen
  570. MOOSMÜLLER, Gertrud (2008): Methoden der empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, München u.a.: Pearson Studium. Google Scholar öffnen
  571. MORGAN, Howard Wayne (2003): William McKinley and His America, Kent, OH: The Kent State University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  572. MORRISSEY, Joseph F. (2013): A Contractarian Critique of Citizens United, in: Journal of Constitutional Law, Jg. 15, H. 3, S. 765–830. Google Scholar öffnen
  573. MULLER, Derek (2016): The Case for More Money in Politics, The Library of Law and Liberty, online verfügbar unter <http://www.libertylawsite.org/liberty-forum/the-case-for-more-money-in-politics/>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  574. MÜLLER, Marion G. (2002): Wahlkampf à l'américain, in: Dörner, Andreas/ Vogt, Ludgera (Hg.): Wahl-Kämpfe. Betrachtungen über ein demokratisches Ritual, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, S. 187–210. Google Scholar öffnen
  575. MÜNCH, Sybille (2016): Interpretative Policy-Analyse, Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
  576. MUTCH, Robert E. (1988): Campaigns, Congress, and Courts. The Making of Federal Campaign Finance Law, New York: Praeger. Google Scholar öffnen
  577. MUTCH, Robert E. (2011): Three Centuries of Campaign Finance Law, in: Lubenow, Gerald C. (Hg.): A User's Guide to Campaign Finance Reform, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., S. 1–24. Google Scholar öffnen
  578. MUTCH, Robert E. (2014): Buying the Vote. A History of Campaign Finance Reform, New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  579. MUTCH, Robert E. (2016): Campaign Finance. What Everyone Needs to Know, New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  580. NAGLER, Jörg (2009): Abraham Lincoln: Amerikas großer Präsident. Eine Biographie, München: C. H. Beck. Google Scholar öffnen
  581. NASSMACHER, Karl-Heinz (1993): Comparing Party and Campaign Finance in Western Democracies, in: Gunlicks, Arthur B. (Hg.): Campaign and Party Finance in North America and Western Europe, Boulder/ San Francisco/ Oxford: Westview Press, S. 233–267. Google Scholar öffnen
  582. NASSMACHER, Karl-Heinz (2009): The Funding of Party Competition. Political Finance in 25 Democracies, Baden-Baden: Nomos. Google Scholar öffnen
  583. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STATE LEGISLATURES (2008): Limits on Contributions to Political Parties, online verfügbar unter <http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/limits-on-contributions-to-political-parties.aspx>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  584. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STATE LEGISLATURES (2011): Citizens United and the States. State Laws Affected by Citizens United, online verfügbar unter <http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/citizens-united-and-the-states.aspx#laws>, zuletzt aktualisiert am 21.07.2016, zuletzt geprüft am 10.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  585. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STATE LEGISLATURES (2012): 2012 State and Legislative Partisan Composition, online verfügbar unter <http://www.ncsl.org/documents/statevote/legiscontrol_2012.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  586. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STATE LEGISLATURES (2014): Partisan composition of State Legislatures 2002-2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.ncsl.org/documents/statevote/legiscontrol_2002_2014.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  587. NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON MONEY IN STATE POLITICS (2017): Mission & History, online verfügbar unter <https://www.followthemoney.org/about-us/mission-and-history/>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  588. NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO (2017): Survey of Economically Successful Americans, online verfügbar unter <http://www.norc.org/Research/Projects/Pages/survey-of-economically-successful-americans.aspx>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  589. NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO (2012): Take the Money and Run for Office (Transkript), This American Life Show, online verfügbar unter <https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/461/transcript>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  590. NELSON, Michael (Hg.) (2015): Guide to the Presidency, 2. Aufl., London/ New York: Routledge. Google Scholar öffnen
  591. NEW YORK TIMES EDITORIAL BOARD (2010): The Court's Blow to Democracy, in: The New York Times vom 21.01.2010, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/22/opinion/22fri1.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.05.2010. Google Scholar öffnen
  592. NEW YORK TIMES EDITORIAL BOARD (2012): A Landslide Loss for Big Money, in: The New York Times vom 10.11.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/11/opinion/sunday/a-landslide-loss-for-big-money.html?_r=0>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  593. NEWKIRK II, Vann R. (2017): The Supreme Court Finds North Carolina's Racial Gerrymandering Unconstitutional. The justices end a six-year fight over 2011 congressional maps that diluted black voting strength in the state., in: The Atlantic vom 22.05.2017, online verfügbar unter <https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/05/north-carolina-gerrymandering/527592/>, zuletzt geprüft am 08.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  594. NEWPORT, Frank/ HARTER, Jim (2016): Presidential Candidates as Leaders: The Public's View, GALLUP, online verfügbar unter <http://www.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/191204/presidential-candidates-leaders-public-view.aspx>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.07.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  595. NICHOLS, John/ MCCHESNEY, Robert W. (2013): Dollarocracy. How the Money-and-Media Election Complex is Destroying America, New York: Nation Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  596. NICHOLS, Philip (2013): A closer look at campaign finance, TEDx Penn 2013, TEDx Talks, online verfügbar unter <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-E3WxOJzpv4>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.02.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  597. NOAH, Timothy (2012): Crankocracy in America. Who really benefitted vom from Citizens United?, in: The New Republic vom 29.03.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://newrepublic.com/article/102114/crankocracy-friess-simmons-oligarchs-election-america>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  598. NOLAND, Jack (2016): In first post-McCutcheon presidential election, more big donors, giving more, Open Secrets Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2016/11/in-first-post-mccutcheon-presidential-election-more-big-donors-giving-more/>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.02.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  599. NORRIS, Pippa (2013): The new research agenda studying electoral integrity, in: Electoral Studies, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 563–575. Google Scholar öffnen
  600. NORRIS, Pippa (2014): Why Electoral Integrity Matters, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  601. NORRIS, Pippa (2016): U.S. elections ranked worst among Western democracies. Here’s why. Americans are often proud of the democratic process here. Maybe they shouldn't be., in: The Washington Post vom 29.03.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/03/29/u-s-elections-ranked-worst-among-western-democracies-heres-why/?utm_term=.0893e22abaa0>, zuletzt geprüft am 30.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  602. NORRIS, Pippa (2016): Why American elections are flawed (and how to fix them), Hg. v. Electoral Integrity Project, online verfügbar unter <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2844793>, zuletzt geprüft am 30.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  603. NORRIS, Pippa (2017): It’s even worse than the news about North Carolina: American elections rank last among all Western democracies, London School of Economics US Centre Blog, online verfügbar unter <http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2017/01/08/its-even-worse-than-the-news-about-north-carolina-american-elections-rank-last-among-all-western-democracies/>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.01.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  604. NORRIS, Pippa/ ABEL VAN ES, Andres (Hg.) (2016): Checkbook Elections. Political Finance in Comparative Perspective, New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  605. NORRIS, Pippa/ FRANK, Richard W./ MARTÍNEZ I COMA, Ferran (2013): Expert Perceptions of Electoral Integrity: A New Dataset, Hg. v. Electoral Integrity Project, online verfügbar unter <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2300990>, zuletzt geprüft am 30.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  606. NORRIS, Pippa/ GRÖMPING, Max (2017): Populist Threats to Electoral Integrity: The Year in Elections, 2016-2017, Hg. v. Electoral Integrity Project, online verfügbar unter <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2965729>, zuletzt geprüft am 30.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  607. NOZICK, Robert (1974): Anarchy, State and Utopia, New York, NY: Basic Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  608. NUGENT, Walter (2010): Progressivism. A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  609. NYE JR., Joseph S. (2009): The Question Of Relevance, in: King, Gary/ Lehman Schlozman, Kay/ Nie, Norman H. (Hg.): The Future of Political Science. 100 Perspectives, New York, London: Routledge, S. 252–254. Google Scholar öffnen
  610. O'CALLAGHAN, Tiffany (2009): Whole Foods C.E.O. infuriates liberal customers by condemning universal health care, in: TIME Magazine vom 14.08.2009, online verfügbar unter <http://healthland.time.com/2009/08/14/whole-foods-c-e-o-infuriates-liberal-customers-by-condemning-universal-health-care/print/>, zuletzt geprüft am 26.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  611. O'CONNOR, Alice (2010): Beyond the "American Dream". Democracy and Economic Citizenship in the Second Gilded Age, History Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, online verfügbar unter <http://www.tobinproject.org/sites/tobinproject.org/files/assets/O%27Connor_Beyond%20the%20American%20Dream.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.03.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  612. O'DONNELL, Norah (2016): Are members of Congress becoming telemarketers? Stop fundraising, start working, says Fla. Rep. David Jolly, who is seeking to ban federal-elected officials from dialing for dollars, in: CBS News vom 24.04.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.cbsnews.com/news/60-minutes-are-members-of-congress-becoming-telemarketers/>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  613. OFFICE OF IMMIGRATION STATISTICS (2016): 2015 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Google Scholar öffnen
  614. OLDOPP, Birgit (2001): Auf dem Weg ins Parlament. Auswahl und Wahlkampffinanzierung der Kandidaten in Deutschland, Kanada und den USA, Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag. Google Scholar öffnen
  615. ORNSTEIN, Norman J. (2011): Citizens United: Corrupting Campaign Clarity, American Enterprise Institute, online verfügbar unter <https://www.aei.org/publication/citizens-united-corrupting-campaign-clarity/>, zuletzt geprüft am 20.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  616. ORNSTEIN, Norman J. (2012): Effect of Citizens United Felt Two Years Later, in: Roll Call vom 17.01.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.rollcall.com/issues/57_80/effect_citizens_united_felt_two_years_later-211556-1.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 02.11.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  617. ORNSTEIN, Norman J. (2014): Courting Corruption: The Auctioning of the Judicial System. Don't believe the Citizens United pollyannas. Watching money flooding into elections for judges' seat shows how dangerous unregulated campaigns can be., in: The Atlantic vom 15.10.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/10/courting-corruption-the-auctioning-of-the-judicial-system/381524/>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  618. ORNSTEIN, Norman J./ PROKOP, Andrew (2016): The political scientist who saw Trump's rise coming. Norm Ornstein on why the Republican Party was ripe for a takeover, what the media missed, and whether Trump could win the presidency, in: Vox vom 06.05.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.vox.com/2016/5/6/11598838/donald-trump-predictions-norm-ornstein>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  619. OVERACKER, Louise (1932): Money in Elections, New York: Macmillan. Google Scholar öffnen
  620. OVERBY, Peter (2007): Explainer: What Is a Bundler, in: National Public Radio vom 14.09.2007, online verfügbar unter <http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14434721>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  621. OVERTON, Spencer (2004): The Donor Class: Campaign Finance, Democracy, and Participation, in: University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Jg. 153, H. 1, S. 73–118. Google Scholar öffnen
  622. OVERTON, Spencer (2012): The Participation Interest, in: The Georgetown Law Journal, Jg. 100, H. 4, S. 1259–1310. Google Scholar öffnen
  623. OXLEY, Douglas R. et al. (2008): Political Attitudes Vary with Physiological Traits, in: Science, Jg. 321, H. 5896, S. 1667–1670. Google Scholar öffnen
  624. PAGE, Benjamin I. (2009): Exploring Political Inequality, in: King, Gary/ Lehman Schlozman, Kay/ Nie, Norman H. (Hg.): The Future of Political Science. 100 Perspectives, New York, London: Routledge, S. 101–103. Google Scholar öffnen
  625. PAGE, Benjamin I. (2009): Perspectives on Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age, in: Perspectives on Politics, Jg. 7, H. 1, S. 148–151. Google Scholar öffnen
  626. PAGE, Benjamin I./ BARTELS, Larry M./ Seawright, Jason (2013): Democracy and the Policy Preferences of Wealthy Americans, in: Perspectives on Politics, Jg. 11, H. 1, S. 51–73. Google Scholar öffnen
  627. PAINTER, Richard W. (2016): Taxation Only With Representation. The Conservative Conscience and Campaign Finance Reform, Auburn, AL: Take Back Our Republic. Google Scholar öffnen
  628. PALMER, Anna (2012): Corporations don’t pony up for super PACs, in: Politico vom 08.03.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0312/73804_Page2.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  629. PARKER, Ashley (2015): ‘Koch Primary’ Tests Hopefuls In the G.O.P., in: The New York Times vom 20.10.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/21/us/koch-seminar-is-early-proving-ground-for-gop-hopefuls.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  630. PARKINSON, Robin (2011): Independent Spending in North Carolina, 2006-2010, National Institute on Money in State Politics, online verfügbar unter <https://www.followthemoney.org/research/institute-reports/independent-spending-in-north-carolina-2006-2010/>, zuletzt geprüft am 06.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  631. PATTERSON, Samuel C./ RIPLEY, Randall B./ QUINLAN, Stephen V. (1992): Citizens' Orientations toward Legislatures. Congress and the State Legislature, in: The Western Political Quarterly, Jg. 45, H. 2, S. 315–338. Google Scholar öffnen
  632. PEARSON, Karl (2007): The Grammar of Science, New York: Cosimo Classics. Google Scholar öffnen
  633. PENNIMAN, Nick/ POTTER, Wendell (2016): Citizens United is only 15% of the political cash problem, in: Los Angeles Times vom 08.03.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-penniman-potter-political-campaign-finance-reform-20160308-story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  634. PEREZ, Andrew (2016): GOP 2016: Emails Show Carly Fiorina Super PAC Helps Out At Campaign Events, Despite Coordination Rules, in: International Business Times vom 15.01.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.ibtimes.com/political-capital/gop-2016-emails-show-carly-fiorina-super-pac-helps-out-campaign-events-despite>, zuletzt geprüft am 20.01.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  635. PERSILY, Nathaniel (2010): The Floodgates Were Already Open. What will the Supreme Court's campaign finance ruling really change?, in: Slate vom 25.01.2010, online verfügbar unter <http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2010/01/the_floodgates_were_already_open.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 24.09.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  636. PERSILY, Nathaniel (2014): Bringing Big Money Out of the Shadows, in: The New York Times vom 02.04.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/03/opinion/bringing-big-money-out-of-the-shadows.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 24.09.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  637. PERSILY, Nathaniel (Hg.) (2015): Solutions to Political Polarization in America, New York: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  638. PERSILY, Nathaniel/ LAMMIE, Kelli (2004): Perceptions of Corruption and Campaign Finance: When Public Opinion Determines Constitutional Law, in: University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Jg. 153, H. 1, S. 119–180. Google Scholar öffnen
  639. PETERS, Jeremy W. (2012): Going Negative: In Florida, a Sea of Attack Ads, in: The New York Times vom 01.02.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9400E6D9123BF932A35751C0A9649D8B63>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.07.2012. Google Scholar öffnen
  640. PETERSDORFF, Winand von (2016): Wie kaufe ich mir einen Präsidenten? Der amerikanische Wahlkampf verschlingt viel Geld. Trotzdem bekommen die Reichen nicht alles, was sie wollen, in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung vom 03.01.2016, <http://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/wahlkampf-finanzierung-in-den-usa-wie-kaufe-ich-mir-einen-praesidenten-13994060.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  641. PEVNICK, Ryan (2016): An Egalitarian Approach to Campaign Finance Reform, in: The New Rambler. An Online Review of Books vom 01.06.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://newramblerreview.com/component/content/article?id=149%3Aan-egalitarian-approach-to-campaign-finance-reform#.V09s4BPsS0k.twitter>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  642. PIKETTY, Thomas (2014): Das Kapital im 21. Jahrhundert, München: C. H. Beck. Google Scholar öffnen
  643. PILDES, Richard (2014): How to fix our polarized politics? Strengthen political parties, in: The Washington Post vom 06.02.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/02/06/how-to-fix-our-polarized-politics-strengthen-political-parties/>, zuletzt geprüft am 01.10.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  644. PILKINGTON, Ed (2012): Rahm Emanuel: Citizens United is one of worst supreme court decisions ever, in: The Guardian vom 22.06.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/22/rahm-emanuel-citizens-united-attack>, zuletzt geprüft am 20.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  645. PILKINGTON, Ed/ MICHEL, Amanda (2012): Obama, Facebook and the power of friendship: the 2012 data election. A unified computer database that gathers and refines information on millions of potential voters is at the forefront of campaign technology – and could be the key to an Obama win, in: The Guardian vom 17.02.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/17/obama-digital-data-machine-facebook-election>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  646. PLUMER, Brad (2016): Why more than 80 million Americans won’t vote on Election Day, in: Vox vom 08.11.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/7/13536198/election-day-americans-vote>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.02.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  647. POLITICO STAFF (2012): Barack Obama DNC speech, in: Politico vom 06.09.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2012/09/barack-obama-dnc-speech-text-080890>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.07.2012. Google Scholar öffnen
  648. POLLOCK, James K. (1926): Party Campaign Funds, New York: Knopf. Google Scholar öffnen
  649. POLLOCK III, Philip H. (1983): The Participatory Consequences of Internal and External Political Efficacy. A Research Note, in: Political Research Quarterly, Jg. 36, H. 3, S. 400–409. Google Scholar öffnen
  650. POLSBY, Nelson W./ WILDAVSKY, Aaron/ SCHIER, Steven E./ HOPKINS, David A. (2012): Presidential Elections. Strategies and Structures of American Politics, 13. Aufl., New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Google Scholar öffnen
  651. PORTER, Glenn (1996): Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, in: Calhoun, Charles W. (Hg.): The Gilded Age. Essays on the Origins of Modern America, Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Books, S. 1–18. Google Scholar öffnen
  652. POST, Robert C. (Hg.) (2014): Citizens Divided. Campaign Finance Reform and the Constitution (The Tanner Lectures on Human Values), Cambridge, MA/ London: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  653. POST, Robert C. (2014): First Lecture: A Short History of Representation and Discursive Democracy, in: Post, Robert C. (Hg.): Citizens Divided. Campaign Finance Reform and the Constitution, Cambridge, MA/ London: Harvard University Press (The Tanner Lectures on Human Values), S. 3–43. Google Scholar öffnen
  654. POST, Robert C. (2014): Representative Democracy, in: Post, Robert C. (Hg.): Citizens Divided. Campaign Finance Reform and the Constitution, Cambridge, MA/ London: Harvard University Press (The Tanner Lectures on Human Values), S. 155–165. Google Scholar öffnen
  655. POST, Robert C. (2014): Second Lecture: Campaign Finance Reform and the First Amendment, in: Post, Robert C. (Hg.): Citizens Divided. Campaign Finance Reform and the Constitution, Cambridge, MA/ London: Harvard University Press (The Tanner Lectures on Human Values), S. 44–94. Google Scholar öffnen
  656. POTTER, Trevor (2012): The Political Reality of Citizens United, PBS Frontline, online verfügbar unter <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/government-elections-politics/big-sky-big-money/trevor-potter-the-political-reality-of-citizens-united/>, zuletzt geprüft am 11.08.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  657. POTTER, Trevor (2015): Legal Rubble: Money and Politics in the Age of Citizens United, Harvard Election Law Series, Harvard Law School, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA vom 09.10.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.campaignlegalcenter.org/news/publications-speeches/legal-rubble-money-and-politics-age-citizens-united>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.11.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  658. POTTER, Trevor (2016): “A Republic - If You Can Keep It!”. An Agenda for Our Democracy, The Campaign Legal Center, The Chautauqua Institution, Chautauqua, NY vom 04.07.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.campaignlegalcenter.org/news/appearances-publications-speeches/republic-if-you-can-keep-it-agenda-our-democracy>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  659. POTTER, Trevor/ JOWERS, Kirk L. (2005): Speech Governed by Federal Election Laws, in: Corrado, Anthony/ Mann, Thomas E./ Ortiz, Daniel R./ Potter, Trevor (Hg.): The New Campaign Finance Sourcebook, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, S. 205–231. Google Scholar öffnen
  660. POTTER, Wendell/ PENNIMAN, Nick (2016): Nation on the Take. How Big Money Corrupts Our Democracy and What We Can Do About It, New York, NY, u.a.: Bloomsbury Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  661. RAVEL, Ann M. (2017): Dysfunction and Deadlock at the Federal Election Commission, in: The New York Times vom 20.02.2017, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/20/opinion/dysfunction-and-deadlock-at-the-federal-election-commission.html?mcubz=0>, zuletzt geprüft am 20.02.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  662. RAWLS, John (1975): Eine Theorie der Gerechtigkeit, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. Google Scholar öffnen
  663. RAWLS, John (2002): The Law of the Peoples, 4. Aufl., Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  664. RAWLS, John (2003): Politischer Liberalismus, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. Google Scholar öffnen
  665. REAL CLEAR POLITICS (2012): President Obama Job Approval, online verfügbar unter <https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/president_obama_job_approval-1044.html>, zuletzt aktualisiert am 20.01.2017, zuletzt geprüft am 17.07.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  666. REAL CLEAR POLITICS (2014): Alaska Senate - Sullivan vs. Begich, online verfügbar unter <https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2014/senate/ak/alaska_senate_sullivan_vs_begich-3658.html>, zuletzt aktualisiert am 04.11.2014, zuletzt geprüft am 26.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  667. REAL CLEAR POLITICS (2016): Clinton: Favorable/Unfavorable, online verfügbar unter <https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/clinton_favorableunfavorable-1131.html>, zuletzt aktualisiert am 07.11.2016, zuletzt geprüft am 18.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  668. REAL CLEAR POLITICS (2016): Trump: Favorable/Unfavorable, online verfügbar unter <https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/trump_favorableunfavorable-5493.html>, zuletzt aktualisiert am 17.07.2017, zuletzt geprüft am 18.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  669. REES, Jonathan (2015): Industrialization and the Transformation of American Life. A Brief Introduction, New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar öffnen
  670. REHFUS, Wulff D. (Hg.) (2003): Handwörterbuch Philosophie, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Google Scholar öffnen
  671. REICH, Robert (2015): Look Who’s Buying American Democracy, in: The Huffington Post vom, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-reich/look-whos-buying-american-democracy_b_8744598.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  672. REICH, Robert (2016): Want to reverse sky‐high inequality? Bernie Sanders is the pragmatic choice, in: The Guardian vom 27.01.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jan/27/want-to-reverse-sky-high-inequality-bernie-sanders-is-the-pragmatic-choice>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  673. REPUBLICAN PARTY (2016): Republican Platform 2016, Cleveland, OH. Google Scholar öffnen
  674. RESTON, Maeve (2015): 'Koch primary' heads to California, in: CNN News vom 01.08.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://edition.cnn.com/2015/07/31/politics/koch-brothers-presidential-2016/index.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  675. REUTTER, Werner (Hg.) (2017): Landesverfassungsgerichte. Entwicklung - Aufbau - Funktionen, Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
  676. RIIS, Jacob A. (1997): How the Other Half Lives. Studies Among the Tenements of New York, New York, NY: Penguin Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  677. RIPKEN, Susanna Kim (2011): Corporate First Amendment Rights After Citizens United: An Analysis of the Popular Movement to End the Constitutional Personhood of Corporations, in: University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 209–259. Google Scholar öffnen
  678. ROBILLAR, Kevin (2012): Who are Romney's '47 Percent'?, in: Politico vom 18.09.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2012/09/who-are-romneys-47-percent-081326>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  679. ROCK THE VOTE (2010): Rock the Vote 2010 Young Voter Poll, online verfügbar unter <https://www.rockthevote.com/wp-content/uploads/publications/research/2010/2010-rock-the-vote-nationwide-baseline.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  680. ROGERS, Steven (2017): Accountability in American Legislatures, ohne Ort. Google Scholar öffnen
  681. RÖMMELE, Andrea (1995): Unternehmensspenden in der Parteien- und Wahlkampffinanzierung. Die USA, Kanada, die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Großbritannien im internationalen Vergleich, Baden-Baden: Nomos (Nomos Universitätsschriften Politik, 55). Google Scholar öffnen
  682. ROSENBERG, Lisa (1996): A Bag of Tricks. Loopholes in the Campaign Finance System, Washington, DC: Center for Responsive Politics Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  683. ROSENSTONE, Steven J./ HANSEN, John Mark (1993): Mobilization, participation, and democracy in America, New York, NY: Longman. Google Scholar öffnen
  684. ROSIAK, Luke (2013): Self-financing candidates can’t buy love; wealthy challengers rarely win the elections, in: The Washington Times vom 30.05.2013, online verfügbar unter <http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/may/30/wealthy-candidates-find-they-cant-buy-loveself-fin/>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  685. ROTH, Dieter (1998): Empirische Wahlforschung. Ursprung, Theorien, Instrumente und Methoden, Opladen: Leske + Budrich. Google Scholar öffnen
  686. ROVE, Karl (2010): The GOP Targets State Legislatures, in: Wall Street Journal vom 04.10.2010, online verfügbar unter <https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703862704575099670689398044>, zuletzt geprüft am 06.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  687. ROVE, Karl (2015): The Triumph of William McKinley. Why the Election of 1896 Still Matters, New York: Simon & Schuster. Google Scholar öffnen
  688. RUBIN, Jennifer (2014): Sen. Mark Begich’s ad draws scorn, is pulled off the air, in: The Washington Post vom 03.09.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2014/09/03/sen-mark-begichs-ad-draws-scorn-is-pulled-off-the-air/?utm_term=.1aec8663be09>, zuletzt geprüft am 26.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  689. RUSSONELLO, Giovanni (2016): Voters Fear Their Ballot Won't Count, Poll Shows, in: The New York Times vom 25.10.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/26/us/politics/voter-fraud-poll.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  690. RUTENBERG, Jim (2014): How Billionaire Oligarchs Are Becoming Their Own Political Parties, in: The New York Times vom 17.10.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/19/magazine/how-billionaire-oligarchs-are-becoming-their-own-political-parties.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  691. SAAD, Lydia (2011): Perry Leads but Romney Gaining in GOP Favorability, GALLUP, online verfügbar unter <http://www.gallup.com/poll/149423/perry-leads-romney-gaining-gop-favorability.aspx>, zuletzt geprüft am 09.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  692. SACKS, Mike (2012): Citizens United Backlash Picks Up Official Support From Occupy Wall Street, New York Chapter, in: The Huffington Post vom 06.01.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/06/citizens-united-constitutional-amendment-occupy-wall-street_n_1189373.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  693. SAEZ, Emmanuel/ ZUCMAN, Gabriel (2016): Wealth Inequality in the United States since 1913: Evidence from Capitalized Income Tax Data, in: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Jg. 131, H. 2, S. 519–578. Google Scholar öffnen
  694. SAMPLES, John (2006): The Fallacy of Campaign Finance Reform, Chicago/ London: The University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  695. SARLIN, Benjy (2014): Mark Begich pulls brutal attack ad after backlash, in: MSNBC News vom 02.09.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/mark-begich-pulls-brutal-attack-ad-after-backlash>, zuletzt geprüft am 25.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  696. SCHAFFNER, Brian F./ STREB, Matthew J. (2002): The Partisan Heuristic in Low-Information Elections, in: Public Opinion Quarterly, Jg. 66, H. 4, S. 559–581. Google Scholar öffnen
  697. SCHERER, Michael/ REBALA, Pratheek, Wilson, Chris (2014): The Incredible Rise in Campaign Spending, in: TIME Magazine vom 23.10.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://time.com/3534117/the-incredible-rise-in-campaign-spending/>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  698. SCHICKLER, Eric (2009): The Impact Of Unequal Political Participation on Policy Outcomes, in: King, Gary/ Lehman Schlozman, Kay/ Nie, Norman H. (Hg.): The Future of Political Science. 100 Perspectives, New York, London: Routledge, S. 106–107. Google Scholar öffnen
  699. SCHLOZMAN, Kay L. (Hg.) (1987): Elections in America, Winchester, MA: Allan and Unwin. Google Scholar öffnen
  700. SCHLOZMAN, Kay L./ VERBA, Sidney/ BRADY, Henry E. (2012): The Unheavenly Chorus. Unequal Political Voice and the Broken Promise of American Democracy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  701. SCHLUP, Leonard/ RYAN, James G. (Hg.) (2003): Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age, New York, NY: M. E. Sharpe. Google Scholar öffnen
  702. SCHMITT, Mark (2012): The rise of the zombie candidate. Super PACs have made it possible for no-shot hopefuls like Gingrich, Perry and Santorum to run indefinitely, in: Salon vom 11.10.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.salon.com/2012/01/11/the_rise_of_the_zombie_candidate/>. Google Scholar öffnen
  703. SCHMÜCKING, Daniel (2015): Negative Campaigning. Die Wirkung und Entwicklung negativer politischer Werbung in der Bundesrepublik, Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
  704. SCHOEN, Douglas E. (2012): American Casino. The Rigged Game That's Killing Democracy, New York: Velocity Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  705. SCHOUTEN, Fredreka (2015): 2016 GOP hopefuls gear up for 'Koch' primary, in: USA Today vom 29.07.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/2015/07/29/charles-koch-donors-meeting-california/30803357/>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.01.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  706. SCHOUTEN, Fredreka (2015): Presidential super PACs push campaign limits, in: USA Today vom 22.09.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/2015/09/22/presidential-super-pacs-push-campaign-boundaries-carly-fiorina-jeb-bush-hillary-clinton/72612984/>, zuletzt geprüft am 25.09.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  707. SCHOUTEN, Fredreka (2017): Mingling business and White House, Trump holds $10 million fundraiser at Trump hotel, in: USA Today vom 28.06.2017, online verfügbar unter <https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/06/28/trump-holds-fundraiser-his-hotel-mingling-business-and-presidency/435549001/>, zuletzt geprüft am 16.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  708. SCHULTZ, David (2016): The Case for a Democratic Theory of American Election Law, in: University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Jg. 164, H. 2, S. 259–268. Google Scholar öffnen
  709. SCHULZ, Thomas (2011): The Second Gilded Age. Has America Become an Oligarchy?, in: Spiegel Online International vom 28.10.2011, online verfügbar unter <http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/the-second-gilded-age-has-america-become-an-oligarchy-a-793896.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.03.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  710. SCHWARZER, Gudrun (2001): Forschungsanträge verfassen. Ein praktischer Ratgeber für Sozialwissenschaftler/-innen, in: Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, Jg. 8, H. 1, S. 141–156. Google Scholar öffnen
  711. SEABROOK, Nicholas R. (2010): Money and State Legislative Elections. The Conditional Impact of Political Context, in: American Politics Research, Jg. 38, H. 3, S. 399–424. Google Scholar öffnen
  712. SEABROOK, Nicholas R. (2017): Drawing the Lines. Constraints on Partisan Gerrymandering in U.S. Politics, Ithaca, London: Cornell University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  713. SEITZ-WALD, Alex (2012): Everyone hates Citizens United. A new poll shows the vast majority of Americans think there’s too much money in politics, in: Salon vom 25.10.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.salon.com/2012/10/25/people_really_hate_citizens_united/>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  714. SEITZ-WALD, Alex (2015): 'Citizens United' fallout 'more dangerous' than expected, in: MSNBC News vom 21.01.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/citizens-united-campaign-finance-fallout-different-more-dangerous-expected>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  715. SELKIRK, Kaethe (2011): The Effect of Independent Expenditures on Congressional Elections Following Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission (2010), online verfügbar unter <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1767268>, zuletzt geprüft am 03.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  716. SEVASTOPULO, Demetri (2016): Money buing little power in US campaign, in: Financial Times vom 11.02.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.ft.com/content/c7a84e04-d0e4-11e5-92a1-c5e23ef99c77>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.02.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  717. SHAFER, Jack (2015): Three Cheers for Citizens United, in: Politico vom 25.08.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/citizens-united-2016-121739>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  718. SHAPIRO, Ilya (2015): 'Citizens United' misunderstood, in: USA Today vom 20.01.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2015/01/20/citizens-united-misunderstood-five-years-free-speech-anniversary-critics-column/22076597/>, zuletzt geprüft am 20.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  719. SHAW, Daron R. (1999): The Effect of TV Ads and Candidate Appearances on Statewide Presidential Votes, 1988-1996, in: The American Political Science Review, Jg. 93, H. 2, S. 345–361. Google Scholar öffnen
  720. SHAW, Jonathan (2012): A Radical Fix for the Republic. Lawrence Lessig thinks American democracy requires a constitutional overhaul to counter the “economy of influence.”, in: Harvard Magazine vom July-August 2012, S. 21–23, online verfügbar unter <http://harvardmag.com/pdf/2012/07-pdfs/0712-21.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 01.10.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  721. SHERMAN, Paul (2012): 'Citizens United' didn't kill our democracy, in: USA Today vom, online verfügbar unter <https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2012/11/11/column-citizens-united-didnt-kill-democracy-after-all/1698277/>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  722. SHUMAKER, Walter A./ LONGSDORF, George F. (1901): The Cyclopedic Dictionary of Law, St. Paul, MN: Keefe-Davidson Law Book Co. Google Scholar öffnen
  723. SIDES, John/ SHAW, Daron/ GROSSMANN, Matt/ LIPSITZ, Keena (2015): Campaigns and Elections, New York: W. W. Norton. Google Scholar öffnen
  724. SIDES, John/ VAVRECK, Lynn (2013): The Gamble. Choice and Chance in the 2012 Presidential Election, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  725. SILVER, Nate (2012): Supreme Court May Be Most Conservative in Modern History, The New York Times, FiveThirtyEight Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/29/supreme-court-may-be-most-conservative-in-modern-history/?_r=0>, zuletzt geprüft am 09.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  726. SILVER, Nate (2016): How Much Did Comey Hurt Clinton’s Chances? And is it too late for his second letter to help her?, in: FiveThirtyEight vom 06.11.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-much-did-comey-hurt-clintons-chances/>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  727. SILVERLEIB, Alan (2010): Gloves come off after Obama rips Supreme Court ruling, in: CNN News vom 28.10.2010, online verfügbar unter <Gloves come off after Obama rips Supreme Court ruling>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  728. SIMON, Herbert A. (1954): Bandwagon and Underdog Effects and the Possibility of Election Predictions, in: Public Opinion Quarterly, Jg. 18, H. 3, S. 245–253. Google Scholar öffnen
  729. SINCLAIR, Upton (1985): The Jungle, New York, NY: Penguin Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  730. SINDERBRAND, Rebecca (2012): Analysis: Obama won with a better ground game, in: CNN News vom 07.11.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/07/politics/analysis-why-obama-won>, zuletzt geprüft am 03.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  731. SINK, Justin (2012): Jimmy Carter: Citizens United ruling 'the most stupid decision that the Supreme Court ever made', in: The Hill vom 29.03.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/219083-carter-citizens-uniter-ruling-the-most-stupid-decision-the-supreme-court-ever-made>, zuletzt geprüft am 20.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  732. SIRAKOV, David (2016): Politik in der Krise? Polarisierungsdynamiken im politischen Prozess, in: Lammert, Christian/ Siewert, Markus/ Vormann, Boris (Hg.): Handbuch Politik USA, Wiesbaden: Springer VS, S. 617–636. Google Scholar öffnen
  733. SLACK, Donovan (2012): RIP positive ads in 2012, in: Politico vom 04.11.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2012/11/rip-positive-ads-in-2012-083262>, zuletzt geprüft am 11.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  734. SMITH, Bradley A. (2001): Unfree Speech. The Folly of Campaign Finance Reform, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  735. SMITH, Bradley A. (2010): The Myth of Campaign Finance Reform, in: National Affairs, Jg. 2, H. Winter Issue, S. 75–91. Google Scholar öffnen
  736. SMITH, Bradley A. (2010): First Amendment Upheld. An end to giving political speech less protection than pornography, in: Wall Street Journal vom 22.10.2010, online verfügbar unter <https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704509704575019112172931620>, zuletzt geprüft am 20.05.2010. Google Scholar öffnen
  737. SMITH, Craig R. (Hg.) (2011): A First Amendment Profile of the Supreme Court, Plymouth: John Cabot University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  738. SMITH, Melissa M. (2010): The Future of Campaign Finance Laws, in: Smith, Melissa M./ Williams, Glenda C./ Powell, Larry/ Copeland, Gary A. (Hg.): Campaign Finance Reform. The Political Shell Game, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, S. 123–136. Google Scholar öffnen
  739. SMITH, Melissa M./ WILLIAMS, Glenda C./ POWELL, Larry/ COPELAND, Gary A. (Hg.) (2010): Campaign Finance Reform. The Political Shell Game, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  740. SMITH, Steven S./ ROBERTS, Jason M./ VANDER WIELEN, Ryan J. (2007): The American Congress, 5. Aufl., New York, u.a.: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  741. SMITH, Terry (2016): Justice Kennedy's Democratic Dystopia, in: University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Jg. 164, H. 2, S. 281–286. Google Scholar öffnen
  742. SONGER, Donald R. (1984): Government Closest to the People. Constituent Knowledge in State & National Politics, in: Polity, Jg. 17, H. 2, S. 387–395. Google Scholar öffnen
  743. SORAUF, Frank J. (1988): Money in American Elections, Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman & Co. Google Scholar öffnen
  744. SORAUF, Frank J. (1992): Inside Campaign Finance. Myths and Realities, New Haven/ London: Yale University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  745. SORAUF, Frank J. (2003): Inside Campaign Finance: Myths and Realities, in: Dahl, Robert A./ Shapiro, Ian/ Cheibub, José Antonio (Hg.): The Democracy Sourcebook, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, S. 408–418. Google Scholar öffnen
  746. SOROS, Jonathan (2015): Big money can't buy elections - influence is something else, Reuters Blog, online verfügbar unter <http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2015/02/09/soros-there-is-no-idyllic-pre-citizens-united-era-to-return-to/>, zuletzt geprüft am 16.05.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  747. SPARKS, Corey R. (2014): Foreigners United: Foreign Influence in American Elections After Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, in: Cleveland State Law Review, Jg. 62, H. 2, S. 245–278. Google Scholar öffnen
  748. SPENCER, Douglas M./ WOOD, Abby K. (2014): Citizens United, States Divided: An Empirical Analysis of Independent Political Spending, in: Indiana Law Journal, Jg. 89, H. 3, S. 315–372. Google Scholar öffnen
  749. SPURLOCK, Chris/ BLUMENTHAL, Paul (2012): New Hampshire Primary Spending Per Vote, in: The Huffington Post vom 12.01.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/12/new-hampshire-primary-spending_n_1202561.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  750. SQUIRE, Peverill (1989): Challengers in U. S. Senate Elections, in: Legislative Studies Quarterly, Jg. 14, H. 4, S. 531–547. Google Scholar öffnen
  751. SQUIRE, Peverill (1995): Candidates, Money, and Voters. Assessing the State of Congressional Elections Research, in: Political Research Quarterly, Jg. 48, H. 4, S. 891–917. Google Scholar öffnen
  752. STAMM, Stephanie (2015): How Do Presidential Candidates Spend $1 Billion?, in: National Journal vom 17.06.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nationaljournal.com/s/65877/how-do-presidential-candidates-spend-1-billion>, zuletzt geprüft am 02.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  753. STEEN, Jennifer/ PROKOP, Andrew (2016): Really rich people aren't actually that good at buying their way into political office, in: Vox vom 05.06.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.vox.com/2015/12/3/9837596/self-funding-candidates>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  754. STEEN, Jennifer A. (2006): Self-financed candidates in congressional elections, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  755. STEINHAUSER, Paul (2011): Same man, different strategy, for Romney's second White House bid, in: CNN News vom 02.06.2011, online verfügbar unter <http://edition.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/06/02/romney.announcement/index.html#>, zuletzt geprüft am 09.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  756. STEPAN, Alfred/ LINZ, Juan J. (2011): Comparative Perspectives on Inequality and the Quality of Democracy in the United States, in: Perspectives on Politics, Jg. 9, H. 4, S. 841–856. Google Scholar öffnen
  757. STEVENS, John Paul (2014): Six Amendments. How and why we should change the Constitution, New York: Little Brown and Company. Google Scholar öffnen
  758. STEWART III, Charles/ REYNOLDS, Mark (1990): Television Markets and U. S. Senate Elections, in: Legislative Studies Quarterly, Jg. 15, H. 4, S. 495–523. Google Scholar öffnen
  759. STIGLITZ, Joseph E. (2014): Der Preis der Ungleichheit. Wie die Spaltung der Gesellschaft unsere Zukunft bedroht, München: Pantheon. Google Scholar öffnen
  760. STIGLITZ, Joseph E. (2015): Reich und Arm. Die wachsende Ungleichheit in unserer Gesellschaft, München: Siedler. Google Scholar öffnen
  761. STOCKMAN, Farah (2013): Two rulings that benefited a powerful few, in: The Boston Globe vom 26.02.2013, online verfügbar unter <https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/columns/2013/02/26/dred-scott-citizens-united-two-rulings-that-benefited-powerful-few/0LVClAlvVi1MG7TTra77UN/story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  762. STOHR, Greg (2015): Bloomberg Poll: Americans Want Supreme Court to Turn Off Political Spending Spigot. Americans are divided on the justices' decisions on gay marriage, health care, and abortion. But not on campaign finance, in: Bloomberg News vom 28.09.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2015-09-28/bloomberg-poll-americans-want-supreme-court-to-turn-off-political-spending-spigot>, zuletzt geprüft am 30.09.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  763. STOKES, Donald E./ MILLER, Warren E. (1966): Party government and the salience of Congress, in: Campbell, Angus/ Converse, Philip E./ Miller, Warren E./ Stokes, Donald E. (Hg.): Elections and the political order, New York: Wiley, S. 194–211. Google Scholar öffnen
  764. STOREY, Tim (2010): Legislature Landslide. GOP makes historic state legislative gains in 2010, Hg. v. Sabato’s Crystal Ball Blog, online verfügbar unter <http://www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/txs2010120901/>, zuletzt geprüft am 31.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  765. STRATMANN, Thomas (2005): Some talk: Money in politics. A (partial) review of the literature, in: Public Choice, Jg. 49, H. 1 (124), S. 135–156. Google Scholar öffnen
  766. STRAUSE, Renata E. B./ TOKAJI, Daniel P. (2014): Between Access and Influence, Building a Record for the Next Court, in: Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy, Jg. 9, H. 1, S. 179–221. Google Scholar öffnen
  767. STRAUSS, Daniel (2015): Donald Trump's new pitch: I'm so rich I can't be bought, in: Politico vom 28.07.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/donald-trumps-so-rich-i-cant-be-bought-120743>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  768. STREB, Matthew J. (2016): Rethinking American Electoral Democracy, 4. Aufl., New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar öffnen
  769. SULLIVAN, Andy (2013): Insight: In Washington, lawmakers' routines shaped by fundraising, in: Reuters News vom 12.06.2013, online verfügbar unter <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-congress-fundraising-insight/insight-in-washington-lawmakers-routines-shaped-by-fundraising-idUSBRE95B05520130612>, zuletzt geprüft am 19.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  770. SULLIVAN, Kathleen M. (1998): Against Campaign Finance Reform, in: Utah Law Review, Jg. 50, H. 2, S. 311–325. Google Scholar öffnen
  771. SULLIVAN, Sean (2014): The end of moderates, and what it means, in: The Washington Post vom 09.01.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2014/01/09/the-end-of-moderates-and-what-it-means/>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  772. SULLIVAN, Sean (2014): Why Mark Begich’s attack ad did plenty of damage — to Begich, in: The Washington Post vom 03.09.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2014/09/03/why-mark-begichs-attack-ad-did-plenty-of-damage-to-begich/?utm_term=.0e81ed5ec0ef>, zuletzt geprüft am 26.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  773. SULTAN, Niv (2017): Self-funded candidates lose big (except when they don't), Center for Responsive Politics, online verfügbar unter <https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2017/03/self-funded-candidates/>, zuletzt geprüft am 24.03.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  774. SUMMERS, Mark Wahlgren (2004): Party Games. Getting, Keeping and Using Power in Gilded Age Politics, Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  775. SUMNER, Andy/ COBHAM, Alex (2013): On inequality, let’s do the Palma (because the Gini is so last century), Oxfam Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/on-inequality-lets-do-the-palma-because-the-gini-is-so-last-century/>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  776. TAMARI, Jonathan (2015): In Menendez case, Citizens United also on trial, in: The Philadelphia Inquirer vom 06.10.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.philly.com/philly/news/local/20151006_In_Menendez_case__Citizens_United_also_on_trial.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.10.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  777. TANFANI, Joseph (2016): Some Republican candidates spend big on ads, with little to show for it, in: Los Angeles Times vom 25.01.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/la-na-campaign-advertising-20160125-story.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.01.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  778. TANFANI, Joseph/ MEHTA, Seema (2015): Super PACs stretch the rules that prohibit coordination with presidential campaigns, in: Los Angeles Times vom 07.10.2015, online verfügbar unter <www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-clinton-digital-trolling-20160506-snap-htmlstory.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  779. TEACHOUT, Zephyr (2014): Corruption in America. From Benjamin Franklin's Snuff Box to Citizens United, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  780. TEACHOUT, Zephyr (2014): Neoliberal Political Law, in: Law and Contemporary Problems, Jg. 77, H. 4, S. 215–237. Google Scholar öffnen
  781. TEIXEIRA, Ruy A. (1992): The Disappearing American Voter, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. Google Scholar öffnen
  782. TEMPLE-WEST, Patrick (2014): Sullivan leading Begich in Alaska, in: Politico vom 05.11.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2014/11/alaska-2014-election-results-mark-begich-dan-sullivan-112573>, zuletzt geprüft am 26.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  783. THE CAMPAIGN LEGAL CENTER (2012): The Campaign Legal Center Guide to the Current Rules For Federal Elections. What Has Changed in the 2012 Election Cycle, online verfügbar unter <http://www.campaignlegalcenter.org/document/campaign-legal-center-guide-current-rules-federal-elections-what-has-changed-2012-election>, zuletzt geprüft am 03.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  784. THE COOK POLITICAL REPORT (2012): Partisan Voting Index, online verfügbar unter <https://cookpolitical.com/pvi-0>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  785. THE ECONOMIST (2016): Politics by numbers. Voters in America, and increasingly elsewhere too, are being ever more precisely targeted, in: The Economist vom 26.03.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21695190-voters-america-and-increasingly-elsewhere-too-are-being-ever-more-precisely>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.05.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  786. THE HUFFINGTON POST (2014): 2014 Alaska Senate: Sullivan vs. Begich, online verfügbar unter <http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/2014-alaska-senate-sullivan-vs-begich>, zuletzt aktualisiert am 04.11.2014, zuletzt geprüft am 26.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  787. THE NATION EDITORIAL BOARD (2012): Electoral Dysfunction, 2012, in: The Nation vom 23.01.2012, S. 3–4. Google Scholar öffnen
  788. THE NEW YORK TIMES (1988): A 30-Second Ad on Crime, in: The New York Times vom 03.11.1988, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/03/us/a-30-second-ad-on-crime.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 25.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  789. THE NEW YORK TIMES (2016): Who Is Running for President? Donald J. Trump officially accepted the Republican party's nomination on July 22. Hillary Clinton was officially nominated on July 26 at the Democratic Convention., in: The New York Times vom 26.07.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/us/elections/2016-presidential-candidates.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 12.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  790. THE NEW YORK TIMES/ CBS NEWS (2015): American's Views on Money in Politics. Most Americans say that money has too much influence on politicians and that campaign finance changes are needed, in: The New York Times vom 02.06.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/06/02/us/politics/money-in-politics-poll.html?_r=0>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  791. THE NYT EDITORIAL BOARD (2010): The Escalating Price of Politics, in: The New York Times vom 07.03.2010, online verfügbar unter <www.nytimes.com/2010/03/08/opinion/08mona4.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 07.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  792. THE NYT EDITORIAL BOARD (2015): The Soaring Price of Political Access, in: The New York Times vom 26.09.2015, SR 10, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/27/opinion/sunday/the-soaring-price-of-political-access.html?_r=0>, zuletzt geprüft am 22.10.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  793. THE PEW RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE PEOPLE & THE PRESS (2012): With Voters Focused on Economy, Obama Lead Narrows. Social Issues Rank as Lowest Priorities, The Pew Research Center For The People & The Press, Washington, DC, online verfügbar unter <http://www.people-press.org/2012/04/17/with-voters-focused-on-economy-obama-lead-narrows/>, zuletzt geprüft am 03.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  794. THE REDISTRICTING MAJORITY PROJECT (2013): 2012 REDMAP Summary Report, online verfügbar unter <http://www.redistrictingmajorityproject.com/>, zuletzt geprüft am 06.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  795. THE WASHINGTON POST EDITORIAL BOARD (2016): This would be a nice first step on campaign finance reform, in: The Washington Post vom 10.06.2016, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/this-would-be-a-nice-first-step-on-campaign-finance-reform/2016/06/10/745de05a-2e69-11e6-b5db-e9bc84a2c8e4_story.html?utm_term=.dc0c9d7d7ff8>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  796. THEE-BRENAN, Megan (2014): Polls Show Broad Support for Campaign Spending Caps, in: The New York Times vom 02.04.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/03/us/politics/polls-show-broad-support-for-campaign-spending-caps.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  797. THERIAULT, Sean M. (2008): Party polarization in Congress, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  798. THOMAS, Scott J. (1989): Do Incumbent Campaign Expenditures Matter?, in: The Journal of Politics, Jg. 51, H. 4, S. 965–976. Google Scholar öffnen
  799. TIME MAGAZINE: Transcript: Read the Full Text of the Primetime Republican Debate, in: TIME Magazine vom, online verfügbar unter <http://time.com/3988276/republican-debate-primetime-transcript-full-text/>, zuletzt geprüft am 12.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  800. TOCQUEVILLE, Alexis de (1959): Democracy in America, 4. Aufl., London: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  801. TOKAJI, Daniel P. (2011): The Obliteration of Equality in American Campaign Finance Law: A Trans-Border Comparison, in: Journal of Parliamentary & Political Law, Jg. 5, H. 5, S. 381–398. Google Scholar öffnen
  802. TOKAJI, Daniel P./ STRAUSE, Renata E. B. (2014): The New Soft Money. Outside Spending in Congressional Elections, Columbus, Ohio. Google Scholar öffnen
  803. TOKAJI, Daniel P./ STRAUSE, Renata E. B. (2016): How Sausage Is Made: A Research Agenda For Campaign Finance and Lobbying, in: University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Jg. 164, H. 2, S. 223–232. Google Scholar öffnen
  804. TORRES-SPELLISCY, Ciara (2013): Got Corruption? Nixon's Milk Money. Campaign contributions may not be as brazenly illegal as the dairy industry's were to Nixon, but that should still not dissuade SCOTUS' McCutcheon decision, Brennan Center for Justice, online verfügbar unter <https://www.brennancenter.org/blog/got-corruption-nixon%E2%80%99s-milk-money>, zuletzt geprüft am 06.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  805. TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (2014): Corruption Perceptions Index 2014: In Detail, online verfügbar unter <https://www.transparency.org/cpi2014/in_detail>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  806. TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL USA (2010): TI-USA Statement to U.S. Supreme Court's Ruling in Citizens United v. FEC, online verfügbar unter <https://www.transparency.org/news/pressrelease/20100126_ti_usa_statement_to_u.s._supreme_courts_ruling_in_citizens_united_>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  807. TREANOR, William M. (2006): The Jurisprudence of Justice Stevens, in: Fordham Law Review, Jg. 74, H. 4, S. 1557–1559. Google Scholar öffnen
  808. TRIBE, Laurence/ MATZ, Joshua (2010): Uncertain Justice. The Roberts Court and the Constitution, New York: Henry Holt and Company. Google Scholar öffnen
  809. TROY, Gil (1997): Money and Politics. The Oldest Connection, in: The Wilson Quarterly, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 14–32. Google Scholar öffnen
  810. TUCKER, Anne (2011): Flawed Assumptions: A Corporate Law Analysis of Free Speech and Corporate Personhood in Citizens United, in: Case Western Reserve Law Review, Jg. 61, H. 2, S. 495–548. Google Scholar öffnen
  811. TUCKER, Harvey J./ WEBER, Ronald E. (1987): State Legislative Election Outcomes: Contextual Effects and Legislative Performance Effects, in: Legislative Studies Quarterly, Jg. 12, H. 4, S. 537–553. Google Scholar öffnen
  812. TUMULTY, Karen (2012): Election 2012: Republicans united on goal - beat Obama - divided on how to get there, in: The Washington Post vom 11.02.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/election-2012-republicans-united-on-goal--beat-obama--divided-on-how-to-get-there/2012/02/08/gIQAfCN66Q_story.html?utm_term=.9ee7d2c48f99>, zuletzt geprüft am 12.07.2012. Google Scholar öffnen
  813. TWAIN, Mark/ DUDLEY WARNER, Charles (2001): The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today, New York, NY: Penguin Books. Google Scholar öffnen
  814. U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (2002): Census 2000 Special Reports: Demographic Trends in the 20th Century, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Google Scholar öffnen
  815. U.S. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (2017): About the U.S. Chamber, online verfügbar unter <https://www.uschamber.com/about-us/about-the-us-chamber>, zuletzt geprüft am 06.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  816. U.S. GOVERNMENT (2012): Senate Hearing: Taking Back Our Democracy: Responding to Citizens United and the Rise of Super PACs. Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, United States Senate, Serial No. J–112–89, online verfügbar unter <http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg86915/html/CHRG-112shrg86915.htm>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.06.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  817. UNGER, Craig (2012): Boss Rove. Inside Karl Rove's Secret Kingdom of Power, New York: Simon & Schuster. Google Scholar öffnen
  818. UNITED STATES CONGRESS (2006): Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act. BCRA § 201, 2 U.S.C. § 434(f)(3). Google Scholar öffnen
  819. UNITED STATES SENATE (1974): The Final Report of the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities, Hg. v. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, S. Res. 60, February 7, 1973 (A resolution to establish a select committee of the Senate to investigate and study illegal or improper cam-paign activities in the Presidential Election of 1972). Google Scholar öffnen
  820. URBINATI, Nadia (2014): Free Speech as the Citizen's Right, in: Post, Robert C. (Hg.): Citizens Divided. Campaign Finance Reform and the Constitution, Cambridge, MA/ London: Harvard University Press (The Tanner Lectures on Human Values), S. 125–140. Google Scholar öffnen
  821. UROFSKY, Melvin I. (2005): Money and Free Speech. Campaign Finance Reform and the Courts, Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. Google Scholar öffnen
  822. VALELLY, Richard M. (2013): American Politics. A Very Short Introduction, New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  823. VANDEWALKER, Ian (2015): Election Spending 2014: Outside Spending in Senate Races Since Citizens United, Brennan Center for Justice, New York, NY, online verfügbar unter <https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/analysis/Outside%20Spending%20Since%20Citizens%20United.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.07.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  824. VANDEWALKER, Ian/ WEINER, Daniel I. (2015): Stronger Parties, Stronger Democracy: Rethinking Reform, Brennan Center for Justice, New York, NY, online verfügbar unter <https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/publications/Stronger_Parties_Stronger_Democracy.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.09.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  825. VAVRECK, Lynn (2014): A Campaign Dollar’s Power Is More Valuable to a Challenger, in: The New York Times vom 07.10.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/08/upshot/a-campaign-dollars-power-is-more-valuable-to-a-challenger.html?abt=0002&abg=0>. Google Scholar öffnen
  826. VAVRECK, Lynn (2014): A Campaign Dollar's Power Is More Valuable to a Challenger, in: The New York Times vom 07.10.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/08/upshot/a-campaign-dollars-power-is-more-valuable-to-a-challenger.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  827. VAVRECK, Lynn (2015): The Long Decline of Trust in Government, and Why That Can Be Patriotic, in: The New York Times vom 03.07.2015, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/04/upshot/the-long-decline-of-trust-in-government-and-why-that-can-be-patriotic.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 03.07.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  828. VAVRECK, Lynn (2016): Yes, Political Ads Are Still Important, Even for Donald Trump, in: The New York Times vom 20.06.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/upshot/yes-political-ads-are-still-important-even-for-donald-trump.html?_r=0>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  829. VERBA, Sidney/ NIE, Norman H. (1972): Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality, New York: Harper and Row. Google Scholar öffnen
  830. VERBA, Sidney/ NIE, Norman H./ Kim, Jae-On (1978): Participation and Political Equality. A Seven-Nation Comparison, Chicago u.a.: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  831. VERBA, Sidney/ SCHLOZMAN, Kay L./ Brady, Henry E. (1995): Voice and Equality. Civic Voluntarism in American Politics, Cambridge, MA/ London: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  832. VICTOR, Jennifer N. (2016): Campaign Fund Raising Is an Arms Race With Limited Impact, in: The New York Times vom 25.02.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2016/02/25/does-money-really-matter-in-politics/campaign-fund-raising-is-an-arms-race-with-limited-impact>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  833. VITAL STATISTICS ON CONGRESS (2014): Legislative Productivity in Congress and Workload, Brookings Institution, online verfügbar unter <https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Vital-Statistics-Chapter-6-Legislative-Productivity-in-Congress-and-Workload_UPDATE.pdf>, zuletzt geprüft am 18.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  834. VITAL STATISTICS ON CONGRESS (2016): Campaign finance in Congressional elections, Brookings Institution, online verfügbar unter <https://www.brookings.edu/multi-chapter-report/vital-statistics-on-congress/>, zuletzt geprüft am 03.08.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  835. VOGEL, Kenneth P.: Karl Rove and the Modern Money Machine, in: Politico Magazine vom, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/06/karl-rove-and-the-modern-money-machine-108019>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.03.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  836. VOGEL, Kenneth P. (2012): 3 billionaires who'll drag out the race, in: Politico vom 12.01.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2012/01/meet-the-3-billionaires-wholl-drag-out-the-race-071358>, zuletzt geprüft am 10.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  837. VOGEL, Kenneth P. (2012): The billion-dollar bust?, in: Politico vom 07.11.2012, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2012/11/the-billion-dollar-bust-083534>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  838. VOGEL, Kenneth P. (2014): Big Money. 2.5 Billion Dollars, One Suspicious Vehicle, and a Pimp - on the Trail of the Ultra-Rich Hijacking American Politics, New York: PublicAffairs. Google Scholar öffnen
  839. VOGEL, Kenneth P. (2014): Big Money Breaks Out. Top 100 donors give almost as much as 4.75 million small donors combined., in: Politico vom 29.12.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2014/12/top-political-donors-113833.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 30.12.2014. Google Scholar öffnen
  840. VOGEL, Kenneth P. (2015): Koch brothers summon Bush, Cruz, Walker, Rubio to SoCal confab, in: Politico vom 27.07.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/koch-brothers-wealthy-donors-gop-2016-freedom-partners-seminar-california-120663>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  841. VOGEL, Kenneth P. (2015): A Koch love fest in California. For some donors and operatives, the focus on overt electoral politics was slightly tawdry, in: Politico vom 03.08.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2015/08/koch-love-fest-in-california-120928>, zuletzt geprüft am 15.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  842. VOGEL, Kenneth P. (2015): How the Koch network rivals the GOP. The billionaires and their allies have built a private political machine without precedent, in: Politico vom 30.12.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2015/12/koch-brothers-network-gop-david-charles-217124>, zuletzt geprüft am 21.01.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  843. VOGEL, Kenneth P. (2016): How Bernie built a fundraising juggernaut. Sanders’ small-donor operation looks spontaneous, but it grew out of careful planning and innovation, in: Politico vom 10.02.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/bernie-sanders-fundraising-219112>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  844. VOGEL, Kenneth P./ ARNSDORF, Isaac (2016): Trump's campaign dwarfed by Clinton's. New FEC reports show that the likely Democratic nominee will start with a huge infrastructure advantage., in: Politico vom 21.05.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2016/05/trumps-campaign-dwarfed-by-clintons-223438>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  845. VOGEL, Kenneth P./ PARTI, Tarini (2015): Small donor myth debunked. The heavily touted grassroots fundraising engines were largely spin, a POLITICO analysis shows, in: Politico vom 16.07.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/small-donor-myth-upended-120275>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  846. VOLOKH, Eugene (1995): Cheap Speech and What It Will Do, in: The Yale Law Journal, Jg. 104, H. 8, S. 1805–1850. Google Scholar öffnen
  847. WAGNER, Jochen W. (2005): Deutsche Wahlwerbekampagnen made in USA? Amerikanisierung oder Modernisierung bundesrepublikanischer Wahlkampagnen, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Google Scholar öffnen
  848. WALDEN, Richard (2015): The $2.5 Billion Candidate X 2, in: Huffington Post vom 14.04.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-walden/the-25-billion-candidate_b_7066146.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  849. WALDMAN, Paul (2015): In 2016, Money Will Matter More Than Ever, Yet Not At All, in: The American Prospect vom 06.04.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://prospect.org/article/2016-money-will-matter-more-ever-yet-not-all>, zuletzt geprüft am 24.09.2015. Google Scholar öffnen
  850. WALKER WILSON, Molly J. (2014): Financing Elections and "Appearance of Corruption": Citizens Attitudes and Behavior in 2012, in: Catholic University Law Review, Jg. 63, H. 4, S. 953–996. Google Scholar öffnen
  851. WALLACE, Gregory (2016): Voter turnout at 20-year low in 2016, in: CNN News vom 30.11.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/11/politics/popular-vote-turnout-2016/index.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 28.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  852. WALLACk, Grace/ HUDAK, John (2014): How Much Did Your Vote Cost? Spending Per Voter in the 2014 Senate Races, Brookings Institution, Brookings Institution Blog, online verfügbar unter <https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2014/11/07/how-much-did-your-vote-cost-spending-per-voter-in-the-2014-senate-races/>, zuletzt geprüft am 26.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  853. WALSHE, Shushannah (2014): Ad Controvery Roils Alaska Senate Race, in: ABC News vom 02.09.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2014/09/ad-controversy-roils-alaska-senate-race/>, zuletzt geprüft am 25.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  854. WANG, Sam (2013): The Great Gerrymander of 2012, in: The Washington Post vom 02.02.2013, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/03/opinion/sunday/the-great-gerrymander-of-2012.html?pagewanted=all&mcubz=0>, zuletzt geprüft am 08.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  855. WARREN, Mark E. (2004): What Does Corruption Mean in a Democracy, in: American Journal of Political Science, Jg. 48, H. 2, S. 328–343. Google Scholar öffnen
  856. WATSON, Robert W. (Hg.) (2008): White House Studies Compendium (5), New York: Nova Science Publishers. Google Scholar öffnen
  857. WEBER, Max (1972): Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Grundriss der verstehenden Soziologie, 5. Aufl., Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Google Scholar öffnen
  858. WEBER, Max (1985): Der Sinn der 'Wertfreiheit' der soziologischen und ökonomischen Wissenschaften, in: Weber, Max (Hg.): Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, S. 489–540. Google Scholar öffnen
  859. WEBER, Max (1985): Die 'Objektivität' sozialwissenschaftlicher und sozialpolitischer Erkenntnisse, in: Weber, Max (Hg.): Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, S. 146–214. Google Scholar öffnen
  860. WEBER, Max (Hg.) (1985): Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Google Scholar öffnen
  861. WEEKS, Daniel (2008): Does Money Buy Elections? The Impact of Spending on U.S. Congressional Campaigns, Americans for Campaign Reform, Concord, N.H., NUMBER PB08-1. Google Scholar öffnen
  862. WEINER, Daniel I. (2016): Money And Politics In The Age Of Trump, in: The Huffington Post vom 11.11.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/daniel-i-weiner/money-and-politics-in-the_b_12916042.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.12.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  863. WEINMANN, Philipp (2016): Wahlen und Direkte Demokratie: Demokratische Teilhabe im Spannungsfeld politischer Machtinteressen, in: Lammert, Christian/ Siewert, Markus/ Vormann, Boris (Hg.): Handbuch Politik USA, Wiesbaden: Springer VS, S. 243–263. Google Scholar öffnen
  864. WEINTRAUB, Ellen L./ LEVINE, Jason K. (2009): Campaign Finance and the 2008 Elections - How Small Change(s) Can Really Add Up, in: St. John’s Journal of Legal Commentary, Jg. 24, H. 2, S. 461–477. Google Scholar öffnen
  865. WEISBERG, Herbert F. (2002): Partisanship and Incumbency in Presidential Elections, in: Political Behavior, Jg. 24, H. 2, S. 339–360. Google Scholar öffnen
  866. WEISMAN, Jonathan/ YADRON, Danny (2011): Inside the Obama Money Machine, in: Wall Street Journal vom 19.11.2011, online verfügbar unter <https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204517204577042142257818640>, zuletzt geprüft am 29.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  867. WELCH, Susan/ GRUHL, John/ RIGDON, Susan M./ Thomas, Sue (2012): Understanding American Government, 13. Aufl., Boston, MA: Wadsworth. Google Scholar öffnen
  868. WELCH, William P. (1976): The Effectiveness of Expenditures in State Legislative Races, in: American Politics Quarterly, Jg. 4, H. 3, S. 333–356. Google Scholar öffnen
  869. WELCH, William P. (1981): Money and votes. A simultaneous equation model, in: Public Choice, Jg. 36, H. 2, S. 209–234. Google Scholar öffnen
  870. WERTHEIMER, Fred (2014): Legalized Bribery. Four years on, Citizens United is ruining democracy. Here's how to get it back, in: Politico vom 19.01.2014, online verfügbar unter <http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/01/citizens-united-campaign-finance-legalized-bribery-102366>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.03.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  871. WERTHEIMER, Fred (2016): Citizens United and Its Disastrous Consequences: The Decision, in: The Huffington Post vom 14.01.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fred-wertheimer/citizens-united-and-its-d_b_8979252.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 21.01.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  872. WERTHEIMER, Fred (2016): Citizens United Consequences: Super Rich Empowered, Ordinary Americans Undermined, Democracy Subverted, in: The Huffington Post vom 20.01.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fred-wertheimer/citizens-united-consequen_b_9029038.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 21.01.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  873. WESLEYAN MEDIA PROJECT (2016): Clinton Crushes Trump 3:1 in Air War. Clinton also dominates local cable, which Trump has largely ignored, Wesleyan Media Project, online verfügbar unter <http://mediaproject.wesleyan.edu/releases/nov-2016/#table1>, zuletzt geprüft am 31.05.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  874. WEßELS, Bernhard (2015): Politische Ungleichheit beim Wählen, in: Merkel, Wolfgang (Hg.): Demokratie und Krise. Zum schwierigen Verhältnis von Theorie und Empirie, Wiesbaden: Springer VS, S. 67–94. Google Scholar öffnen
  875. WEST, Darrell M. (2014): Billionaires. Reflections on the Upper Crust, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  876. WEST, Darrell M. (2015): Can Billionaires Buy Elections?, Brookings Institution, online verfügbar unter <http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/fixgov/posts/2015/01/27-can-billionaires-buy-elections-west>, zuletzt geprüft am 27.01.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  877. WEST, Tim (2011): Associate Justice Alito, in: Smith, Craig R. (Hg.): A First Amendment Profile of the Supreme Court, Plymouth: John Cabot University Press, S. 160–170. Google Scholar öffnen
  878. WHITE, Richard (2015): Welcome back to the bad old days of American politics - only worse, in: Reuters News vom 21.01.2015, online verfügbar unter <http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2015/01/21/like-elections-in-the-gilded-age-only-with-more-money/>, zuletzt geprüft am 13.03.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  879. WHITEHOUSE, Sheldon (2016): The Supreme Court's Blind Spot: Understanding How Democracies Function, in: National Law Journal vom 08.03.2016, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nationallawjournal.com/id=1202751641079/The-Supreme-Courts-Blind-Spot-Understanding-How-Democracies-Function?slreturn=20160717095905>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.08.2016. Google Scholar öffnen
  880. WICKEL, Martin (2001): Recht und Reform der Wahlkampffinanzierung in den USA, in: Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 645–669. Google Scholar öffnen
  881. WIEBE, Robert H. (1967): The Search for Order. 1877-1920, New York: Hill and Wang. Google Scholar öffnen
  882. WILLIAMS, Glenda C. (2010): Overview of Campaign Finance Law, in: Smith, Melissa M./ Williams, Glenda C./ Powell, Larry/ Copeland, Gary A. (Hg.): Campaign Finance Reform. The Political Shell Game, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, S. 1–11. Google Scholar öffnen
  883. WILLIS, Derek (2014): Every Election Is the Most Expensive Election. Or Not., in: The New York Times vom 16.12.2014, online verfügbar unter <https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/17/upshot/every-election-is-the-most-expensive-election-or-not.html>, zuletzt geprüft am 08.03.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  884. WILNER, Elizabeth (2012): Ad Avalanche: 43,000 Political Spots a Day Until November. We're On Our Way to 3.6 Million Ads This Election Cycle, in: Advertising Age vom, online verfügbar unter <http://adage.com/article/campaign-trail/ad-avalanche-43-000-political-spots-a-day-november/237195/#author_bio_box>, zuletzt geprüft am 05.07.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  885. WINTERS, Jeffrey A. (2011): Democracy and Oligarchy. Democracy and oligarchy are not opposites, as is commonly supposed. Forms of the former can even promote the latter., in: The American Interest, Jg., H. November/ December Issue, S. 18–27. Google Scholar öffnen
  886. WINTERS, Jeffrey A. (2011): Oligarchy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  887. WINTERS, Jeffrey A./ PAGE, Benjamin I. (2009): Oligarchy in the United States?, in: Perspectives on Politics, Jg. 7, H. 4, S. 731–751. Google Scholar öffnen
  888. WITKO, Christopher (2014): When Does Money Buy Votes? Campaign Contributions and Policymaking, in: Grossmann, Matt (Hg.): New Directions in Interest Group Politics, New York: Routledge, S. 165–184. Google Scholar öffnen
  889. WOLFE, Christopher (1997): Judicial Activism. Bulwark of Freedom or Precarious Security?, 2. überarbeitete Aufl., Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Google Scholar öffnen
  890. WOOD, Gordon S. (2009): Empire of Liberty. A History of the Early Republic, 1789-1815, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  891. WOOLDRIDGE, Jeffrey M. (2015): Introductory Econometrics. A Modern Approach, 6. Aufl., Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Google Scholar öffnen
  892. YANOW, Dvora (2003): Interpretive Empirical Political Science: What Makes This Not a Subfield of Qualitative Methods, in: Qualitative Methods, Jg. 1, H. 2, S. 9–13. Google Scholar öffnen
  893. YOUN, Monica (2011): First Amendment Fault Lines and the Citizens United Decision, in: Harvard Law & Policy Review, Jg. 5, H. 1, S. 135–161. Google Scholar öffnen
  894. YOUN, Monica (Hg.) (2011): Money, Politics, and the Constitution. Beyond Citizens United, New York: The Century Foundation Press. Google Scholar öffnen
  895. YOUNG, Chris/ O'BRIEN, Reity/ FULLER, Andrea (2013): Justice Obscured: Corporations, pro-business nonprofits foot bill for judicial seminars. George Mason University top host of events, The Center for Public Integrity, online verfügbar unter <https://www.publicintegrity.org/2013/03/28/12368/corporations-pro-business-nonprofits-foot-bill-judicial-seminars>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.04.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  896. YOUNGE, Gary (2012): US elections: no matter who you vote for, money always wins, in: The Guardian vom 29.01.2012, online verfügbar unter <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2012/jan/29/us-politics-vote-money-wins>, zuletzt geprüft am 17.06.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  897. ZERNIKE, Kate (2010): Secretive Republican Donors Are Planning Ahead, in: The New York Times vom 19.10.2010, online verfügbar unter <http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/20/us/politics/20koch.html?mcubz=0>, zuletzt geprüft am 06.09.2017. Google Scholar öffnen
  898. ZIMMERMANN, Eric (2010): Poll: 70 percent believe Congress is corrupt, in: The Hill vom 08.10.2010, online verfügbar unter <http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/113541-poll-70-percent-believe-congress-is-corrupt>, zuletzt geprüft am 14.10.2017. Google Scholar öffnen

Ähnliche Veröffentlichungen

aus dem Schwerpunkt "Extremismus & Demokratie", "Regierung & Regierungslehre & Verwaltung", "Vergleichende Politikforschung & Länderstudien", "Volkswirtschaftslehre"
Cover des Buchs: Die politische Rechte in Lateinamerika
Sammelband Vollzugriff
Nadja Ahmad, Hans-Jürgen Burchardt, Kristina Dietz, Hannes Warnecke-Berger, Jonas Wolff
Die politische Rechte in Lateinamerika
Cover des Buchs: Kapital als Medium
Monographie Kein Zugriff
Michael Mayer
Kapital als Medium
Cover des Buchs: Europa
Monographie Kein Zugriff
Hans Jörg Schrötter
Europa
Cover des Buchs: Weltmacht und Demokratie
Sammelband Kein Zugriff
Florian Böller, Steffen Hagemann, Lukas D. Herr, Marcus Müller
Weltmacht und Demokratie
Cover des Buchs: The President as Communicator-in-Chief
Monographie Kein Zugriff
Lukas D. Herr
The President as Communicator-in-Chief

Hinweis

Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und darf nur nach den Vorgaben der Nutzungs- und Lizenzvereinbarung genutzt werden. Jede darüber hinaus gehende Nutzung des Werkes ist ausdrücklich untersagt und wird verfolgt.

Feedback geben

Wir freuen uns über Ihr Feedback zu Inhalten und Funktionen. Ihre Nachricht hilft uns, unseren Service stetig zu verbessern.

Bewertung
Bild anhängen
oder hier ablegen
PNG oder JPG (max. 3 MB)

Anmelden

Passwort vergessen?
Login via Open Athens
Noch kein Benutzerkonto?
Jetzt registrieren

Publikation zitieren

Download: RIS BibTex